Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ISSXJED SEMI-WEEKLY. L. M GRIST S SONS. Publishers.} 3 ^8??i U"rspapcr: J'or the promotion of the political. Social, Jljriettlttirat anil (Tommercial interests of the people. } T?R^;;l!K??,,ty,"RVK'"cKX"" B^fi?iiTsHEl) 1855. " ~~ " YORKVILLE. S. C. FRIDAY. XOVEMHETi 4, liltQ. fsO. 88. +** +** +*? +#* **? +# I GRAFTERS AT | FoJks Who Lp I On the Unwai t I *$+A K**A ***A ***A *>>+A *?*, Monte Carlo, Sept. 30.?She is now ^ a Monte Carlo siren, but she came as a blooming young French bride?I say "she" because the husband did not count; he followed her with the blin 1 adoration of a dog. And she was ruimd. not by gambling but by a Monte Carlo graft. A swindling young Italian was its spokesman. "My uncle is croupier at Roulette No. 7," he told them. "I am not allowed to play." Little by little he let them know that croupiers by infinite practice can throw the ball into any compartment. This, pretended the Italian, is to give them "the obedient ball." to make the establishment win its average. It was risky: he himself dare not appear, but once a month the uncle would double cross the establishment and throw the "sure thing" for the benefit of the family?on condition that the nephew could find honest confederates. "He will give me one win each day for three days," he told the young French couple. "If you can stake a maximum of 12.000 francs 1 will arrange the signals." Monte Carlo has a mind poisoning atmosphere. People get money drunk. The corporation's millions are there to win on the fall of a little ivory ball. Why could not a croupier help his family get a share? They hesitated, then drew out their letter of credit, some 8,000 francs. "It will do," said the young swindler, "but as I have promised uncle you will stake 12,000 francs you must pay me 6,000 francs all the same from the first win." The grasping proposition clinched their confidence. ",1'U oLrr*C onnff Jilapp >> iitrn iny uuvic i?i\vw c?? % . , ? your money on the red," said the Italian. "I must stand back. I must not be seen. r*- ' Talk about the emotions of gambling. What must not have been that scamp's emotions, awaiting an event which would put 6,000 francs in his pocket or start him running! He knew that the "signal" would soon be seen ?the croupier he had adopted as tingle took snuff with unfailing regularity. There was a stir. The young French couple emerged from the crowd beaming. Without knowing it they had risked 8.000 francs?and won. "Here's your 6,000 francs." they -whispered with glee; and they could scarcely wait for the next day to make their second winning. They put down 10,000 francs?and lost. The Italian was not there to see what followed. He had skipped. The young husband wanted to go home and the wife wanted to stay: and now she is still here alone, persuading others that she knows a secret way to vrin at roulette. :#fje does. At times she works on intkorents the very "uncle" plot that caused her downfall: at other times . she whispers the secret of a defective roulette to l>e exploited. Only the other day a young German baron found a charming French lady touching his elbow timidly. It was she: and she murmured in haste: "Please do me a favor. 1 have three 100 franc bank notes on the red there held down with a gold piece: and here comes my father-in-law. If he catches me gambling it will be terrible. Please rake them off and pass them to rne when he is not looking." The young baron slipped the bank notes to her as requested. A moment later the monotonous voice of the cToupier announced that black had won. "That's bad!" he heard a manly voice declare beside him. "I had fifteen louls on the red?hello! the croupier has raked them in already!" The young baron sat close. There had been no other money on the red at that side of the table. "Lieber Gott!" he said later. "I must have stnlen them for that charming French lady. Had red won I would have been obliged in conscience to pay stake and winning to the rightful owner!" , "All 1* graft at Monte Carlo," a reformed police spy tells me. "The administration has a quantity of docile pretty women for decoration and it dreads being robbed by its own croupiers. So it shuts its eyes to deals between the only two forces who can watch them?the pretty women and its paid police spies." There is one limit?scandal. The day there has been a public scandal at a ta- j Me where the poor little siren must earn her protection money by "picking up sleepers," as they call forgotten stakes or do plain robbing with shoemaker's wax. A Frenchman ut my hotel caught her at it and laughed. "I was playing in stakes of five! louis and sitting just in front of me was this charming young thing. As it was troublesome for me to reach over each time she asked me: "Shall I hand them to you?" " 'If you will.' I answered. I continued winning and it was only toward the end of my run that I carelessly counted the pieces she was handing me. Instead of ten Ihere were eight. The next time I handed her oUnits nut on tiie black. Then hastily, as If changing my mind, I borrowed a rake from a neighbor and pushed my six louis over to the red. In doing so I purposely knocked the pile over and I saw there were but five. With a little shoemaker's wax in the palm of her glove she had knocked down a four dollar gold piece on me every time." 'Madame.* I said to her. 'I fear I am giving you too much trouble. 1 will place my stakes Avith this rake.' "Take iny chair." she replied sweetly. and disappeared. Yet if the poisoned atmosphere makes sirens it also brings out traits of womanly devotion. What of the ton- ning. romantic story of Suzanne ! rnnatzki. who became infatuated with young Comte X.. a confirmed igambler? Count X. had gambled away his family fortune, though no on > hut Suzanne km w how near he must be to the crash. Only certain funds which amounted to a trust were tit his ( all. One afternoon Suzanne discover-d that he had sent for the money ? and was on his way to play it. She hastened to the Casino; found him at Itoulette No. 3 and watched him at a distance. lie was losing, already embarked on the stubborn man's svstc-m of "betting against the bank's game" and forcing his luck. Suzanne knew better. She dived into her purse satchel ? +**! *?? +*< +** *** *. I mojv7? C4/?z,o ; ? I $ pe By Leading < z y * I 4 4 ?*+A *?*A **+A KC4A ?**+A >W and fetched out three 100 franc notes. Without any particular plan she begged a gentleman in front to place them on the red and they won for her. just as her lover at the other end of the table had lost 300 francs on the black. Some one made room for her. She took a seat just as the young count bet 600 francs between the first and second columns. "They'll both lose." an intuition told her; so she quickly slapped 300 francs on the remaining one. Click! She raked In 600 francs? the 600 that he was losing! And the luminous idea pursued her. So long as her stakes held out she would bet against her lover. Should she lose it would matter nothing?he would be winning. But should he lose she must win for him. She won and won; her pile of bank notes grew imposing; she let herself (go into speculative byplays; she was winning more than X. was losing. Then the end came quickly. He rose from the table. Sweeping all her new wealth into her purse satchel, Suzanne followed. He walked the beautiful terrace In the darkening twilight. Suicide was in his heart. She approached him. They sat in the marble hemicycle. "I am ruined and dishonored," he said. "I have just lost 20,000 francs that are not mine." "That is funny." answered Suzanne. "I have just won 26.000?a wonderful run of luck at table No. 3." "That's where I lost my money. Black and even and the double columns." "And 1 won on red, odd and single columns." laughed Suzanne bravely. "My friend I have evidently won your money." Then opt ning her satchel to show the mass of wealth, she added: "You must take it back; I cannot keep it." Lucky count, to have a Suzanne to save him from suicide. The administration would have done Its best? but less surely and gently. The revelations of the reformed police spy cannot hurt its business?published at a distance. "Silence hovers over this place," said the reformed one." "The whole population, from officials, doctors, edi<->f^ om.i hmiUprs rinwn to chamber maids and cafe waiters, have one mastering fear?to 'hurt the season.' There's not a lamplighter in the park or a soubrette in the toilet rooms who is not capable of cutting down a hanging man or covering up a poisoned lady under piles of dirty towels." "The burials are at midnight." I said. "When there are no relatives who want to take away the body," was his answer. "The proceedings are sensational. but natural?given the power of the princely government that has so large a stake in a 'good season.' "When a body is found the order is to hide it on the spot until night. If not possible, then get it away quick in the 'death automobile' that looks like a pleasure vehicle, but whose floor space Is open for a body to lie flat. "When a body is found in a hotel? well, each Monte Cailo hotel has Its 'death room,' situated for quick back stairs access. In it a Monaco doctor mattes the certificate?heart failure. Then wait until night. Between 2 and 3 o'clock a. m., an express wagon stands half a block away. Is the coast clear? Six men come running with what seems a long trunk. Hop! Off go the horses on a trot to instant burial or railway?there's no other choice." "But what if relatives object?" I said. "It is distasteful to our rich, aristocratic guests to see a daylight funeral." exnlain nhvsicians and officials. Then comes the hotel proprietor with a bill | for $1,000 damages. Many guests have quit because of the suicide; the room's furniture must be renewed; he must pay heavy fees to servants for their silence. In a word, he wants $1,000." "Could he get it?" "That is not the question." answered my informant. "If the family cannot pay?the usual case with suicides because of losses?ipdignation turns to tearful thanks when the Casino offers to pay the bill if they go off quietly." "Suppose they refuse':" I said. "They're in a false position?owing money and attempting scandal. They'll be hustled. Folks who can't pay their bills have no weight." "And if they pay?" "Oil. if they pay $1,000 damages they are important people. Quick; take the thousand dollars away from the hotel man! Hasten! Fill a private car with llowers! All is arranged. 'Shall we send you the body to Paris or give it a splendid funeral at Nice? rnfoi tunaU ly there is not a single hearse iji Monaco.' " Evidently the Casino corporation cannot give their money back to heavy losers, like the Brazilian merchant oh his annual buying trip who opened his veins in a Hotel de Paris bathtub when he got to the end of his $40,000; or the Russian widow who died of poison. She bet obstinately on the number ?> until her fortune of $100,-' 000 was expended. "How much wou'd they give to stop a suicide?" 1 asked. "You see, they don't much believe in those who threaten." answered the ex-spy. "Ten times u day some one goes to the inspector-general threatening suicide. Yet should the Casino reimburse all the real tragic cases there would be nothing left to pay tlie winners.' "But the re#|jy desperate," I said: "the big losers?" "Once I had lo watch a Russian nobleman three days because lie lost $3<iO.OOO. 1 became his best friend? helped liim make his application for a big vljiticuni." "Rebate?" "Not quite. ViaJlcurn means travelling expenses: but |?c hoped to get 1 .1. #OA AAA .it i^.^1 WM<2 IJcll'IV <?OV,\M?v. II Til, CIV I.??-V Ifv, ..? > extremely glad to taike $900 cash at Nice, outside Monaco territory. "Why not." he added. "Players are so foolish that the administration despises them. An Italian ollieer lost $400; threatened suicide: got hack $12 opsh for railway fare plus a draft on ({ottia for $ 1 oo. Well, instead of hurrying to itome to cash his draft he slipped Into tpt playrooms again as the guards were changing and actually won $900 with the $12. "Of course he had no rigiit to p,ay that railway fare against the hank? the more so as it is a general superstition that viaticum money always wins. Annually the administration puts an $Nf?,000 credit in its budget to get firt of <V?<1 brakes?not to stake thern." When you're broke p>u hunt pp the inspector general. "W hat tables have you played at asks the functionary. "Such and such." you answer. "flood. Come with me." Then begins an odious promenade through the long suite of playrooms. The inspector walks you to a tahle where you lost A glance between him and the croupiers asks: Has this man lost?" The employees give a sign?yes or no?rnd you pass on to another table. Players all around aire smiling ait you. Others whisper. "Look, there goes ;i broke one!" Hecause they are not haul fellows, croupiers nearly ailwaiys sign aillirmaitlvely: "Yes. he (or she? lost here." Then to the Inspector's otlicc to till Idainks. "Your name? Profession? Address? i Income? Amount lost? Sign here." I Now. following a sub-inspector. you pass back through the long suite of playrooms to the cashier, the sub making a sign to all doorkeepers: "This man is barred Remember him." Only such as happen to arrive at and quit the cashier's between guard changes?4 and 8 p. m.?can hope to slip back to the tables for that evening only. Next day the card of admission itself is no good. You are outside and barred. What makes the suicide problem hard is that real suicide material goes and kills itself without warning. "The administration doesn't fear losers who ask part of their money back," said my friend the reformed police spy. "For one thing it is warned against them t>y tne taei ami so can watch them. Only once was I fooled by a man who threatened violence. "He was a young Brazilian whose identity remains unknown." continued the ex-spy. "His body lies in the 'Field of the Suicides' outside Monaco territory. "I saw him first at 3 p. m. one day when the room chief of our force signed me to watch him as a heavy loser who might turn hysterical or desperate. I made his acquaintance. He had lost $80,000 and had only $5,000 left. As was my duty I advised him to cool off and try luck later. He thanked me and quit the casino, but in an hour he was back at the roulette. losing again. 'I am ruined,' he whispered. 'That was my msi note I feel that I am going crazy. I owe my hotel $100 and how shall I pay my steamer to Brazil?' "All around us players had begun to listen to him. I must get him outside. 'Come.' 1 said, 'we'll secure you a fat viaticum.' and really he'd have got $500." "I've a mind to shoot that croupier," he whispered. J was ready for him. at his right hand. Well, the poor fellow was left handed!" "What?" "He whipped a pistol from his left coat pocket and shot himself through the head. Men screamed. Women went into hysterics. There was a rush from the table. Then, while inspectors. croupiers, spies and old habitues made a big ring round it servants got rid of the body by that table's 'qu.ek door' and washed up the fioor. In half an hour the table had started business again, and when timid ladies asked. 'Was there u suicide?" a dozen of us? dressed like gentlemanly players, all? . -? iu. 1.1 ..< 1. IT}..# T Vw.o.O lUUKneil HI im- iurn 111 II. uvi ? nva.u a pistol.' said one lady. 'It must have been one of those champagne corks in the Atrium,' I answered." Thus 1 learned of the "quick doors," Probably not one reader out of twenty who has been to Monte Carlo knows that they exist?in any case, it is to be hoped, not by experience. Each roulette and trente-et-quarante table Is so situated with respect to the Casino's architecture that a dark and narrow secret corridor built in the walls leads from close beside it to the police rooms down in the basement A door concealed in the wall panelling gives access to each secret corridor?which is just wide enough for u wide man or woman and is lighted by electricity and built with a heavy slant down to the basement. Do you see? When a desperate loser threatens scandal, the spies grab him in the midst of all the players. He is seen a moment, surrounded by them. Then he disappears as in a transformation scene. They push and pull him quickly to the wall beside the table. The concealed door opens. Flop! The disturber is flung. Flop! The concealed door shuts. You would not know a door was there, And that is all. No more disturber. "Put in the steep, slanting, narrow corridor, mysterious, without windows, leading God knows where, the prisoner shoots downward to the basement breathless, stunned, pushed and pulled by the brethren." laughed the exspy. "Rough treatment, yes." he concluded. "It is Monte Carlo principle that a little roughish handling is the best way to treat disturbers. Nine out of ten have cooled down before the police inspector asks them what their kick Is." "What is the charge?" I asked. "Disturbing the peace of the principality. it is a sovereign government. Also a health resort, where invalids' nerves must be respected. Once outside. the disturber is escorted to his hotel, allowed to pack up and pay up. and then taken to the frontier. "Why, the frontier's just across the street!" I laughed. "Yes. but the man is expelled from Monaco, and the papers all regular. If he comes back he's in the wrong. Should he hang himself in daylight they will cut him down. Should he do it by night they will bury him with half an hour's delay." "And if he doesn't hang himself?" I asked. "In that case, all depends on whether he has brought back some more money!?New York Sun. Tioping In Texas. The anti-tipping movement, which, starting in the east, has rapidly spread over the country, has reached Texas. A charter has been taken out at Austin for the National Anti-Tipping society. The constitution and bylaws of the society prohibit the giving of tips for any service, even on Pullman cars. "The tipping custom has grown to be a burdensome tax on the traveling public." said A. P. Foute. 'It costs all the way from iiO cents or 7f> cents a day in the towns and small cities to $2.f?0 and $3 a day at the hotels in New York and other large cities, in oroer to fret attention you have to tip everybody. You have to pay the elevator man. If you wish anything brought to your room the bellboy must be compensated. When you go into the washroom u boy hands you a towel and begins to get industrious with his brush and whiskbroom, and as you get ready to leave he holds out his hand. "The head waiters in the hotels get |iaif the tips the waiters collect, and some of them in New York are worth as much as $200,000. It is folly for the individual to protest, for he gets the name of being a stingy crank. "So the traveling salesman and the traveling public generally have started an organized movement against the eyij. If the movement should succeed, tile hotels will have to pay their own help, and the porters on sleeping cars will have to be put on the payroll of the Pullman company. "Tipping is of European origin, but the traveler over there is out only a few pennies a day, and he does not miss the money. When the people of the I'nited States adopted the system they ran the thing into the ground by chucking out quarters, 50-eent pieces and silver dollars, prompted to do so, np doubt by a desire to create the impression that they lujd more money than they knew what to do with."? Dallas News. Earth Light.?In studying the amount ol' light in the sky oil a starlit night. Lambertus Yntcma. in Germany. has reachi <1 the interesting conclusion that the luminosity of tinsky is caused partly by direct starlight and partly by some other source of light. This latter he proposes to call earth light, and he suggests that it may be due to a permanent aurora attending the earth. The light is variable not only on different nights but at different hours of the same night. H-- has found it to be from seven to fifteen times the amount of mean starlight, but it is believed that this ratio is exceptional, and does not prevail everywhere. Some observations Indicate flint the light litis its origin close to the surface of the earth. It litis been suggested that it may have a similar origin to that of the light emitted by tip- eoniil of tl "omct.?London Globe. ittioccllanrmtiS 25catii?<). THE WOMEN'S MONUMENT. Inscriptions on State Memorial Have Been Decided Upon. The inscriptions to Brace the monument to he erected to the women of the Confederacy in Columbia have been furnished the press. Capt. William E. Gonzales, ecfitor of the Columbia State, prepared the inscriptions that are to go on the monu I merit. The selection of Capt. Gon-1 zales's composition was made following a competitive examination of a number of. efforts submitted anonymously. Fifty inscriptions were submitted to the commission. The selection of the winning inscriptions was by a committee, the members of which took under consideration thirty of the compositions submitted to the monument commission. The committee was: Miss Euphemina McClintock, president of the College for Women, Columbia; Stanhope Sams. Litt. D.; the Rev. Dr. William McPheeters of the Columbia Theological seminary; Prof. Yates Snowden, of the University of South Carolina, and Col. U. R. Brooks, clerk of the supreme court, who is .a writer of hi ,tory. This committee reported six cornpositions to the commission in the order of merit and the commission adopted the report. Capt. Gonzales, himself a member of the commission, absented himself from this meeting, and the commission decided upon his composition as worthy to be placed upon the monument to the women of the Confederacy. The four next succeeding compositions were submitted, in the order reported by the committee, by Dr. Geo. Armstrong Wauchope, head of the English department of the University of South Carolina; by Dr. E. E. Jo.vnes, professor emeritus of modern languages at the university; by the Rev. A, M. Eraser, D. D., of Staunton, Va.. who last summer was invited to become president of the Columbia Theological seminary, and by W. Banks Dove, formerly superintendent of city schools of Washington, N. C.. and now assistant secretary of state. Their respective works are submitted in this article as exhibits A, B. C and D. Much thought was given to the preI namtIon of the compositions submit ted. It is said that Dr. Wauchope rewrote his inscriptions twenty-eight times and Dr. Fraser corrected his composition several times by mail after he hpd sent it in. Th# Monument's Inscriptions. The following are the inscriptions to he placed on the monument: (South Side). In this Monument generations unborn shall hear the Voice of a grateful People testifying tp the sublime Devotion of the Women of South Carolina in their Country's n^ea. Their unconquerable spirit strengthened the thin lines of Grey, Their tender care was solace to the stricken, Reverence for God and unfaltering Faith In a righteous j Cause Inspired Heroism that withstood the immolation of sons and Courage that bore the agony of suspense and the shock of disaster. The tragedy of the Confederacy may be forgotten, but the fruits of the noble Service i of the Daughters of the South are our perpetual heritage. (North Side). When reverses followed victories when want displaced plenty when mourning for the flower of Southern Manhood darkened countless homes when government tottered and Chaos threatened the Women were steadfast and unafraid. They were unchanged in their Devotion unshaken In their Patriotism unwearied in Ministrations uncomplaining in Sacrifices Splendid in Fortitude they strove while they wept in the Rebuilding after the Desolation their Virtues stood to the supreme Citadel with strong towers of Faith and Hope around which Civilization rallied and triumphed. Explanation of Inscriptions. Following is the formal inscription prepared by the commission: To The South Carolina Women of the Confederacy. 1861-65. Reared By the Men of Their State. The legislature's part will be con- : veyed in a line, "Unacted by the gen- ( eral assembly of the state of South Carolina." legible on a scroll being held up to the woman by a bronze Cupid. , Capt. Gonzales was asked for an in- : terpretation of the inscriptions from the viewpoint of their author. "In the ; first sentence of the inscription from the southside," he replied, "the monu Ill v_ 11L 19 ITUI1UCMCU <13 U. llilllK. Ul? , spokesman for all time for those who , were the witnesses of the deeds, trials and suffering of the women of the Confederacy. "That their heroism and courage had high, pure source, differing widely from the bravery of Amazons and the sacrifices of fanatics or heathen, the sentence beginning 'Reverence for God' is intended to imply. "The final sentence of that inscription is a claim that the fruits of the j 'noble service' will, through the im- i press upon character of uplifting sen- 1 timent, enrich the south even after the tragedy of the 'Lost Cause" is. to the | south, no longer a tragedy. "The soul of the second inscription J is in the lines: . "'Splendid in Fortitude. i They strove while they wept.' "In defeat and amid want, mourning and with threatened chaos, they , were steadfast and unafraid. ' "The concluding sentence of the inscription pays tribute to the services , of the women of the Confederacy after ] the wpr. 1 "'In the Ruilding after the Pesola- ' tion.' 2 "It was around the women that the f forces of civilization developed strength and won the victory of the south today." Honorable Mention. The four inscriptions given below were submitted in the order named by Dr. George A. Wauehope, Dr. R. S Joynes, the Rev. A. M. Frascr ol Staunton, Va., and W. Banks Dove This Monument Is erected to keep alive In the hearts of future South Carolinians the Virtues. Services and Sacrifices of the Women of the Confederacy who by their Constancy under the Trials and Sufferings of war, by their inspiring sympathy with the men at the front, by their tender Ministrations to the sick and wounded and by their material aid and unwavering fidelity to the Common Cause have won the Undying Love and Gratitude of the People of the South and have Bequeathed to their Children from Generation to Generation the Priceless Heritage of their Memory. Exhibit B. To the Women of the Confederate South Whose Constancy Sustained the Courage > Of the Confederate Soldier in Camp and Field Whose virtue protected his Home, Whose service ministered to his needs Whose tender care nursed his sufferings Whose affection cheered his dying hour And brightened the Poverty of his Desolate Home. Exhibit C. They knew their cause was Just. They put their trust in God. They gave their men to the war, and cheered them on to immortal deeds and endurance and to death. They ministered to the sick, the wounded and the dying. They braved unspeakable dangers in their defenceless homes. They welcomed poverty as a decoration of honor. In defeat and desolation they inspired the rebuilding of states. They have adorned the whole land with monuments to their fallen heroes. Exhibit D. Erected in memory of those who in the sorrow of their silence and separation endured the agony of a conflict they might not share, whose courage sustained the southern soldier amid the carnage of the battlefield, whose love and fidelity soothed the suffering of his sickness, whose gentle hgnd brushed from his pale face the gathering dews of death, whose faith and fortitude faltered not in the darkest hour, whose inspiration transformed the gloom of defeat into the hope of t'rtr?'future, and whose memory shall not be forgotten even in the hour of pegce. QUICK OF THE KEY. The Reading of Telegraph Messages By Bound. Ezra Cornell Is known in history as the father of Cornell university, as one of the men who helped to build the first telegraph line and as an ardent organizer of telegraph systems in the early days, being instrumental In the formation of the now famous Western Union Telegraph company. His son, Alonzo B. Cornell, became ultimately vice president of the Western Union and governor of New York state?high commercial and political honors. Yet he once confessed to me that he felt he should be credited with the additional honor of having made the discovery that telegraph messages could be read by ear. and he seemed to take more pride in his part in bringing this about than he did in any of his other achievements. "I was trained as a telegraph operator." said Mr. Cornell in telling me the story. "I suppose I took to telegraphy naturally because of my father's deep and large interests in the then new mode of communication. Anyway, I learned the Morse key easily, and I was, in fact, very fond of telegraphing from both the practical and the scientific standpoint. "One afternoon, sometime In the early fifties, when I was stationed at Albany. X. Y., there was an unusual inrush of newspaper dispatches?I was in charge of the press key?and in the midst nf the task of receiving i hem I found to my consternation that I was out of tape. Before taking my seat before the key I had neglected to replenish the tape reel. "There was a bountiful supply of tape in the cellar of the building, but it was a long trip there?there w* re no elevators in those days?and I knew that to go there I would waste precious time. And there were those anxious newspaper men hanging over my shoulder. "Suddenly, as I fished about mentally for the quickest way out of my dilemma, this thought popped into my head. "You don't need any tape. Half the time you don't look at it when the dispatches are coming In before you write them out. You trust to your ears to tell what the instrument says. Why not do so now?' Instantly I determined to see whether or not I could take the dispatches by sound alone. "I put my fingers on the key and broke in on New York, whence the dispatches were coming. 'Send rather slowly and very distinctly,' I asked the man at the other end of the wire. He at once began to do so?not without some curiosity as to my reason, I found out later. "But I didn't think of that at the time, for I was glowing all over with the knowledge that 1 could write out the dispatches?and write them.correctly. for they made sense?by simply listening to the sounds that the key made. "Thus I continued taking the dispatches to the very end. Then the N'ew York operator called me. 'What bpb vim doinc ui> there?' he asked. Why did you want me to send slowly and distinctly?' "I answered that I had said goodby to the telegraph tape forever and told hint of the discovery I had made. He was immediately interested. 'Send me slowly and very distinctly fifteen or twenty words, and I'll see whether or not I can do the same tiling.' he requested. "I did so. full of confidence, and a little later there came to me this message: 'I've done it too. Some of the other boys say they can. I predict that within a month there won't be in inch of tape used in the Xew York office." "Years later." added Mr. Cornell. 'I was told that about the time that I discovered for myself si new and revolutionary method of receiving telegraph messages the same method tvas also discovered by an operator in he main oflice in Pittsburg. I have to doubt that this is true. Sooner or iter the discovery was bound to be made not only in one, but several dices. But I have always felt that I ivas the first to make the discovery ind should be credited with it in telegraphic history."?Boston (Jlobe. i STILL SEEKING LIGHT. Columbia State Wants to Know About Military Expenditures. The State Is Interested in the South . Carolina division of the National Guard. That organization should re ceive the full beneiit of the wise ex' penditure of every dollar appropriated by the national and siate governments for its assistance. The State is also concerned in having South Carolina represented at the national rille contests by a judicially selected, wen equippeu a.uu intelligently instructed team. The national government pays for placing such a team in the field, and It Is a reflection upon the state and an injustice to j the men to send an uncoached squad to Camp Perry. Complaint was made that the fund for securing such a team was not sufficient; The State has shown that out of one fund of $35,000 provided by the national government annually for the militia of this state, it Is required that at least $8,800 be issued In the interest of rifle practice; more may be drawn for that purpose if deemed advisable. But with such means at command there are few ranges for practice in South Carolina, and after several contests little improvement in the team's work abroad has been revealed. South Carolina has raw material equal to the best; the deficiency lies in the handling of it, and the military authorities are re sponsioie. The State has propounded questions that have elicited no response. We have evidence, however, that while those interrogations appear to have no interest for certain staff officers they are considered of moment by officers of the line. Other questions have been suggested. Who issued the order for the "special detail, coast defense manoevres, Sullivan's Island, S. C." for July 1908 ? That detail, composed, we are informed, of Brigadier General J. C. Boyd, adjutant general S. C.; Colonel W. T. Brock, assistant adjutant general, and Lieutenant Colonel J. R. Lindsay, First Infantry, S. C.. X. G., went to Fort Moultrie and drew pay for rank during the encampment of the Second and Third Infantry. What service did the "special detail" perform? The expenses of that encampment were defrayed by the war department and not charged to the state's appropriation, but the "special detail" not being authorized by the war department, the pay and transportation of these three officers, amounting to $550.00, was charged to South Carolina's allotment. Is The State's information on that point correct? That money would have gone a considerable way toward furnishing another battalion rifle range. In what capacity did Paymaster Lindsay draw a per diem and mileage at Chickamauga this year when the Third Infantry was in encamptnent? A regular army officer paid off the men. Is it not more expensive to hold the rifle nractice shoots bv battalion than by regiments? Then why by battalions? Who benefits by such arrangement? Is it proper for salaried state officials In tfie military department to draw double pay, and big pay?''for rank"?put of the funds intended for the South Carolina militia? What constitutes the "necessary expenses" of the adjutant general's office, how much do they amount to, and who audits the accounts??Columbia State. THE GREAT 8AUL00N HOAX. How Edgar Allen Poe Fooled the World In 1844. The recent attempt of Wulter Wellman to cross the Atlantic ocean in a dirigible balloon, and the admission last week of Edgar Allen Poe to the Hall of Fame, recall one of the greatest fakes in history. Poe came to New York from Philadelphia in 1844. His wife was ill and he was without employment. He had just $4 and he was determined to make some money. He wrote the great balloon hoax and sold It to the New York Sun. That paper published the story as fact on April 13, 1844, and the whole world was amazed. The story related that a Monck Mason had invented a steering balloon in which he had crossed the Atlantic ocean in three days. Mason carried seven passengers, among them Robert Holland, Harrison Ainsworth, a well-known author; Sir George Cayley and others. Scientists in America and Europe Hastened to congratulate the aeronaut, but before the hoax was exposed Poe himself confessed the fake. The story occupied four columns of detailed information, and shows the brill ant imagination of the unfortunate P ?e. Here are some extracts from the ..1 ,V,? ...aaltk r.t Hutfjil Mill y, SllUt>lllf, llic iicaiiu UL uv^u.. that fooled the public: "The great problem is at length solved! The air, as well as the earth and the ocean, has been subdued by science and will become a common and convenient highway for mankind. The Atlantic has been actually crossed in a balloon! and this, too, without dlflicuhy?without any great apparent danger?with thorough control of the machine?and in the inconceivably brief period of seventyfive hours from shore to shore! By the energy of an agent at Charleston, S. C.. we are enabled to be the first to furnish the public with a detailed account of this most extraordinary voyage, the 6th, instant, at 11 a. m., and 2 p. m. on Tuesday, the 9th instant, by Sir Everard Hringhurst. Mr. Osborne, nephew of Lord Bentinek's; Mr. Monck Mason and Mr. Robert Holland, the well-known aeronaut; Mr. Harrison Ainsworth, author of "Jack Sheppard," &c? and Mr. Henson, the projector of the late unsuccessful Hying machine?with two seamen from Woolwich?in all, eight persons. The particulars furnished below may be relied on as authentic and accurate in every respect. as with a slight exception they are copied verbatim from the joint diaries of Mr. Monck Mason and Mr. Harrison Ainsworth. to whose politeness our agent is indebted for much 1 verba! information respecting the balloon itself, its construction anil other matters of interest. The only altera- 1 tion in the MS. received has been 1 made for the purpose of throwing the hurried account of our agent. Mr. Forsyth, into a connected and intelli- 1 bio form. ? * "It was at this juncture that Mr. Monck Mason (whose voyage from Dover to Wellburg in the balloon Nassau occasioned so much excitement in 1837) conceived the idea of employing the principle of the Archime- 1 dean screw for the purpose of propul- < sion through the air?rightly attribqt- i ing the failure of Mr. Hanson's scheme ' and of Sir George Cayley's to the in- i terruption of surface in the iudepend- i ent vanes. He made the first public experiment at Willis's room, but af- i terward removed his model to the I Adelaide Gallery. "Like Sir George Cayley's balloon, I his own was an ellipsoid. Its length was 13 feet <> inches, height feet 8 < inches It contained about 320 cubic ' feet of gas. which if pure hydrogen t would support 21 pounds upon its i first inflation before the gas has time ! to deteriorate or escape. The weight of < the whole machine and apparatus was IT pouiwis? leaving about four pounds i to spare. Heneath the center of tin' balloon was a frame of light wood l about nine feet long and rigged on to I the balloon itself with a network in f the customary manner. From this : framework was suspended a wicker I basket or car. I "The screw consists of an axis of 1 hollow brass tube is inches in length. t through which upon a semi-spiral in- 1 clined at 15 degrees pass a series of steel wire radii two feet long and thus projecting a foot on either side. These radii are connected at the outer ex- 1 Iremities by two hands of llattened I wire, the whole In this manner form- < | ing the framework of the screw, which is completed by a covering of ' oiled silk cut into gores and tightened ' so as to present a tolerably uniform surface. At each end of its axis this screw is supported by pillars of hollow brass tube descending from the hoop. In the lower ends of these tubes are holes in which the pivots of the axis revolve. From the end of the axis which is next the car proceeds a shaft of steel connecting the screw with the pinion of a piece of spring machinery fixed in the car. by the operation of this spring the screw is made to revolve with great rapidity, communicating a progressive mouon to me wnoie. rsy means or the rudder the machine was readily turned in any direction. The spring was of great power compared with the dimensions, being capable of raising 4 5 pounds upon a barrel of four inches diameter after the first turn, and gradually Increasing as it was wound up. It weighed altogether eight pounds six ounces. The rudder was a light frame of cane covered with silk, shaped somewhat like a battledore, and was about three feet long and at the widest one foot. Its weight was about two ounces. It could be turned flat and directed upward or downward as well as to the right or left, and thus enabled the aeronaut to transfer the resistance of the air which in an inclined position it must generate in its passage to any side upon which he might desire to act. thus determining the balloon in ihe opposite direction. "The balloon is composed of silk, varnished with the liquid gum caoutchouc. It is of vast dimensions, containing more than 40,000 cubic feet of gas; but as coal gas was employed in place of the more expensive and inconvenient hydrogen the supporting power of the machine when fully inllated and immediately after inflation is not more than about 2,500 pounds. Here follows a daily log of the voyage, and the la .ding in Charleston. S. C. (Front the Sun of Mom ay. April 15. 1884.) Falloon?The mails from the south la?t Saturday night not having brought a confirmation of the arrival of the balloon from Kngland, the particulars of which from our correspondent we detailed In our extra, we are inclined to believe that the Intelligence is erronous. The description of the balloon and the voyage was written with a minuteness and scientific ability calculated to obtain credit everywhere, and was read with great pleasure and satisfaction We by no means think such a project impossible. DON QUIXOTE'3 SQUARE DEAL. Some Advloe to Sanoho Panza That Still May be Applied. Value thyself, Sancho. upon the lowliness of thy origin, and be not ashamed to own thyself descended from peasants; for when it is seen that thou are not thyself ashamed, nobody will endeavor to make thee so; and think It greater than a proud sinner of rank. Infinite is the number of those who, born of low extraction. have arisen to the highest dignities, both papal and Imperial; of this I could produce examples enough to tire thee. "Remember, Sancho. if virtue be thy golden rule, and thou shouldst value thyself on doing virtuous actions, thou wilt have no cause to envy lords or princes, for blood is Inherited, but virtue is acquired, and has an intrinsic worth which blood has not. "This being so, as it really is, peradventure one of thy kindred should come to see thee when thou are in thy island, do not despise or affront him, but cherish and make much of him; for is so doing thou wilt please God, who will have nobody despise his workmanship; and act agreeably to the well-ordered rights of Nature. VNnUUIUSl LIIOU LclK.U II1J WIIC aiuilfc with thee?and it is not proper for those who govern to be long without a helpmeet?teach, instruct and polish her from her natural rudeness; for often all that a discreet governor can acquire is dissipated and lost by an illbred and foolish woman. "If thou shouldst chance to become a widower, an event which may happen, and thy station entitles thee to a better match, seek not one that may serve thee for a hook and angling rod. or a friar's hood to receive alms in; for, believe me, whatever the judge's wife receives, the husband must account for at the general judgment. and will be made to pay fourfold after death for what ho made no reckoning of in his life. "He not governed by the law of thine own will, which is apt to bear much sway with the ignorant, who presume upon being discerning. "Let the tears of the poor And more compassion, but not more justice, from thee than the representations of tho rich. "Endeavor to sift out the truth amid the presents and promises of the rich, as well as tho signs and importunities of the poor. "Whenever equity may justly temnor tho vier r nf the law. let not the whole force of it bear on the delinquent; for the reputation of a severe judge is not equal to that of a compassionate one. "If the scales of justice be at any time not evenly balanced, let it be by the weight of mercy, and not by the weight of a gift. "Should It happep that the cause of thine enemy comes before thee, fix not thy mind upon the injury he has done thee, but upon the merits of the case. "Let not private affection blind thee in another man's cause, for the errors committed thereby are often without remedy, and. should it be chargeable with one. it will be at the expense both of thy reputation and fortune. "Should a beautiful woman come to demand justice turn away thine yes from her tears, and thy sense of hearing from her sighs, and consider at leisure the substance of her claim, unless thou wouldst have thy reason drowned in the one and thy integrity lost in the other. "Him thou must punish with deeds, do not revile with words; for the pain nf punishment Is enough for the tvretch to bear without the addition of ill language."?Adventures of Don tjuixote. Radium Cornea Cheaper. Sir VVtlliiam Ramsay in a recent London lecture stated that radium now costs $2,100,000 an ounce, the drop in price from $3,000,000 being due to the work in the pitchblende mines of Cornwall, which Is showing such satisfactory results that a continuous supply of radium is absolutely assured. In reference to the work at the mines Sir William announces that up to the present time 550 milligrams of pure radium have been produced at > ." Tfonullh minus near St. Ives. The process of the extraction of rail uni from the pitchblende employed by Sir William Is so rapid that the imnunt of radium secured by this method in two months would take a rear by the latest method used on the . ontineni. A year ago there was about a quarter of a pound of radium In the world. A radium bank has existed for some ;ime in Paris. Recently one was established In London, and similar institutions are being founded in other ?reat cities. These banks lend the recious substance to scientists and physicians. The cost is enormous. As ouch as $200 has been charged for he use of 100 milligrams for a single lay. .f Rear Admiral Bacon of the British navy believes that the race between the gun and the armor of a battleship which has been going on for over half i century, has been decided for the moment in favor of the gun. WRITING FOR NEWSPAPERS. Tell Story In Firet Paragraph and Withhold Personal Opinion. Probably not one reader In a hundred has paused to notice that a newspaper article is written on a plan Just the reverse of that of a sermon or oration. Comparatively few ministers have analyzed the subject sufficiently to noJce this fact, and their Ignorance of it will often account for the reluctance of newspapers to accept matter contributed by them. It is worth the while of every man and woman to know the general plan on which newspaper articles are written, for almost everybody desires at times to announce something through the press. The mere knowledge of the theory will not make a successful writer in this or any other department, but It is the first step. The skillful preacher or orator usually reserves' his most Important points until toward the end of his discourse, closing with a climax. The skillful newspaper reporter puts his climax Into his first sentence and ends with the most non-essential detail. While the novelist secures his dramatic effect by keeping the secret of his story as long as possible, the reporter attains success by revealing his secret as quickly as words will let him. Both are working on principles as clearly defined as that on which a sonnet is constructed, but the modern newspaper article Is of so much more recent date that few critics have analyzed It and even many of the best newspaper writers work daily upon the foregoing principle without knowing it. No man can work many days under a metropolitan city editor without learning it. If he does not pick up the knack promptly he is given a chance to learn some other business. The reasons for this method of construction are plain. The object of a newspaper "story" is to tell the news for its own sake. The majority of readers do not have time to read the whole of an article. What they want Is a compact statement of the essential facts of an incident or a crime or a public meeting. The best newspaper is the one that gives them the pith of the whole matter in the first paragraph, following this with the more Important details and closing with the least important. The reader then glances down the column far enough to get the vital facts and does not waste time on the rest. He can gee a fair knowledge of the whole world's news for the day by merely reading the headlines and opening paragraphs of the paper, while perhaps but one article is Interesting enough to read every line. There is also another important cause which has contributed to this method of presenting the news with the cream always on top. As startling events do not occur in this world with any regularity, though the paper must always be issued at the same hour, it naturally follows that there Is an ever-varying pressure on tne columns. The reporters begin work on a morning paper at 1 o'clock on the preceding day. At the time when they do their "afternoon assignment" there may be space in abundance, and their articles may be written in considerable detail. Late in the evening there may be a great Are or some important victory on the battlefield that will suddenly demand a dozen or a score of columns. It becomes necessary to "cut" everything of ordinary importance. By that time the earlier "stories" are in type and cannot be rewritten. The condensing is done by dropping oft the latter part of the article, which can be done without injuring its essential parts if it is constructed on the proper plan. Every large newspaper nightly "kills" many columns of matter in this way, either before it is in type or afterward. If the vital news were scattered through the article there would be no alternative but to leave it all out. Here is where the would-be correspondent so often meets his Waterloo. The young and ambitious editor of a country weekly gets a commission to represent his town as telegraphic correspondent of a large city daily. Perhaps there is a bad fire In the village and several lives are lost. He telegraphs a graphic account of it in detail, telling It in such a way that one must read 1,000 words to discover how many persons were killed or injured and what is the total value of the property destroyed. The "story" reaches the telegraph editor at a time when he Is working under high pressure to cut down all news "to the marrow" in order to make room for some event of world-wide import. The country correspondent's matter is useless unless printed entire or rewritten. There Is neither the space for the one or the time for the other. The result is that the article goes into the waste basket and the aspiring correspondent receives notice that his services are no longer aoalroa Nearly every reporter learns this lesson by hard experience and much wasted labor. Every editor has had his patience tried to the boiling point by contributions that might be used if they did not violate the first commandment of the newspaper dialogue ?tell the news In the first sentence. I should not like to compute how many columns I wrote for the waste basket before I discovered this simple rule of journalism, or how many , I have blue penciled or rewritten for other beginners since I have attained to the dignity of "desk work." If the public had a better realization of the hard drill on such points that must precede all success In newspaper work there would be a less general Impression that any man who has failed in other lines can be an editor Impromptu. Briefly s'.ated, the chief rules for an ordinary news article are mese; Tell the whole story In your first sentence, or at least in your first paragraph, and the briefer the paragraph the better. Ee sure to give in your opening lines the time, place and chief actors concerned, along with the scope and nature of the event chronicled. Avoid exclamations, fine writing. Ilaming adjectives or editorial comment. If it is a piece of news In which timeliness is an important element, get it to'your paper as quickly as your lucky stars will let you. Tell your story in the fewest words possible without omitting essential details. If you cannot shake off the hallucination that an introduction is needed, put it at the end, where the editor can cut it off. There are a hundred other details, such as writing on but one side of the paper, leaving margins on the sheets, never rolling the copy, writing plainly. putting the name and address at the top of the manuscript, and the like, which are generally known. But without the knowledge that a news article is not written like an oration, all these are comparatively useless. The tendency to preach, which newspaper men call "editorializing," also causes many an otherwise news item from outside contributors to go upon the floor. It would be as great an advantage to the press as to the clergy and the laymen if the chief rules for writing a newspaper article were manil uHHpIv nnHpr stood.?Christian Advocate. An Arab Legend.?"There is none so poor but there is one poorer." A poor Arab spent his last bara on a handful of dates and went up on a high cliff to eat them and die. As he threw the stones over a lean hand shot out below and caught them. "Ho!" said he. "Why do you catch my date stones " "Because. O brother," answered a weak voice, "I have not eaten these three days, and Allah has sent these stones to save my life." "Praise be to Allah," answered the first man, "for he has saved me also, for here is one poorer than I." And both men went into the city.