Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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AA -?fr 4?? AA >? +*# AA I Real or t = I I STANDARD OIL A :: LEVERS AGAINS I ?>+ +*? TV *** *** TT *->S Oi>?? firee?Titian haired and beau tiful to look upon; capable of causing several millions of Fritz Augusus Heinze's dollars to flow into the coffers of the Standard Oil company. Also may be used in other cases. y \Vht n the Standard Oil company of New Jersey, mother of all the little oil trustlets which go to make up the socalled Standard Oil trust, files its next schedules with the Federal bureau of corporations, should it contain one item along the above lines? To this question is given an emphatic "yes" by Mrs. Lillian Hobart French, who. to quote her own words, is well acquainted with the affairs of Ileinze, the Colorado copper millionaire. This same "yes" is reiterated by Thomas \V. Lawson. arch enemy of the Standard Oil crowd. Mr. Lawson adds that those in power at 26 Broadway have not one but a staff of many J Circes to get its enemies' secrets from them for its own use. On the other hand, there comes a just as emphatic "no" from John D. I ? -?-t- - i j ar\A rlirapforl ArcnDOIU. Vlt't pi trCMVIcm. ?..v of the Standard Oil company of New Jersey, director and official in most of the subsidiary companies, and rec- J ognized as one of the most powerful of all the barons of Wall street Mrs. French First "Press Agent." Mrs. French was the first one to bring to the notice of the public this young woman who it is alleged has furnished the Standard Oil men with most of the secrets of those who at some time or another might be enemies of the great combination's interests. Mrs. French says she has not revealed all that she knows about the case and promises more in the near future. But she has revealed enough to show. If all her charges are sustained. a system of finance which is more than "high." Among other things, Mrs. French says she will reveal the name of the Circe. At the present she declines to let it be known, but she has declared that the red headed one is not a former member of that "original Florodora sextet" which, if it contained all of the women who since have been credited to it, must have been a good sized regiment if not a small sized brigade. This denial was brought out by the fact that some one supposed to know something of the affair declared the Circe was a member of that company and that her first name was Marie. This mysterious Marie was supposed to be living in London at the time, and the industrious amateur detectives in the world's metropolis immediately started on a hunt for her. They succeeded in rounding up one Titian haired woman who admitted she was a native of America; that her mother, in fact, was at this time living in Boston. The detectives, with Thomas Lawson's home town mentioned. concluded they were on the right track, especially when the woman admitted her name was Marie ?sometimes followed by Allen, and again by Allen Reynolds. Rise and Fall of Their Hopes. But this clew was upset to some extent when the woman said: "Really. I do not know the difference between Standard Oil and corned beef." She added that she knew none of those mentioned in the case. The sleuths again took heart when a woman friend who was with Miss Allen declared "it was terrible that Mrs. French should have made such charges to Mr. Lawson." before she c?>uld be hushed by Miss Allen. This slip was taken to mean something was known of the affair. But the detectives' hopes that they had solved the question were ruined by fuller denial of Mrs. French that the Circe was a former Florodorotte. "Some one has declared that a certain actress named 'Marie' was the redheaded woman employed by Standard Oil." said Mrs. French. "Such statements are ridiculous. I know who they mean by 'Marie,' but the Standard Oil's redheaded woman Is of a higher type than this 'Marie* ever "thought of being." Mrs. French told her version of the Titian haired girl's romance immediately after it became known that Mr. Heinze was engaged to be married to Mrs. Bernice Golden Henderson, an actress. Previous to this Mrs. French had declared repeatedly that she expected to become the bride of the copper man. It is presumed that Mrs. French sought to hurt the feelings of "the smart young man from Butte." a phrase which she used to describe Heinze and which she said had come straight from 26 Broadway after the Standard group had decided to avenge itself upon him for during to oppose its wishes. But it was not only the feelings of Mr. Heinze which Mrs. French sought to injure. She also made an attack on the pocketbook by way of the courts. Only a few hours before he was married in Brooklyn, Mr. Heinze was served with a summons in a suit tiled by Mrs. French to recover $25,000 in bonds, which Mrs. French said were Riven to ner oy m r. Heinze. but which he borrowed from her to tide him over financial embarrassment during the panic of 1 ! 07. These bonds. Mrs. French says, Mr. Heinze used to help him out. but forgot to return. Reason Enough to Retaliate. Mrs. French was ready to talk the whole affair over with the greatest freedom. It seemed to give her pleasure to show how Mr. Heinze fell into the trap laid for him. Possibly her anxiety to show how "the smart young man" was taken in was due to the fact that Mr. Heinze. forgetting his social polish of the east, had reverted to western phrases, and referred to her as "that woman" in denying a report he soon was t < marry her. The Standard Oil trap which Mrs French revealed hud its start with the light over Amalgamated eoppei interests between Heinze and Thoniu." \V. biwsun on the one hand and tin Standard oil group, including 11. II lingers, now dead. Mr. Archbold. and many other leading financiers. Mrs French says she is well acquainted with all of the details of the struggle. as she at that time was living k?4? A A -X-' A A -? < Mythical i < = f CCUSED OF USING ! T COMPETITORS :: < $ ? T *** *** *#+ TT ?$+ in Butte, and was in a position to know every secret of Mr. Heinze. Mr. Heinze was flooded with telegrams urging him to go to New York and dicker with the Standard Oil crowd for the sale of his properties, and Anally he did go, but the session with the Wall street leaders was stormy and Mr. Heinze was equal to his foes in every proposition. He Anally capitulated to them, but only for the price of $12,000,000, which Rogers concluded, so Mrs. French alleges, was so costly as to be impudent on the part of Heinze. So wrought up was Rogers, says Mrs. French, that he threatened to "get even with that fresh young fellow Butte." The Standard Oil people can play a waiting game when it is to their advantage to do so. They did it in this case, apparently waiting quietly for Ave years. In the meantime, Mr. Heinze had gone east, taken a hand in the Wall street game, and joined forces with Charles W. Morse, who had started as an ice man in Maine, then down to New York, where he cornered the ice business of the greater city, had pocketed a largo bunch of banks, and at that time was regarded as the king of skyrocketing financiers. Heinze and he united to bring about a coup in copper which was to make them dictators of the world so far as that much needed metal was concerned. Man From Butte Given Lesson. The Standard Oil group got wind of this plan, says Mrs. French, and laid plans to teach the Butte man a 'tr* \l o \fnrch lf>?J5uii, ^IMII^ aiiuiuci *.?/ mi. IUW.OV, and at the sanie time reaping a few millions of dollars for themselves. Here is where the Titian haired Circe came into the plot. The Standard people, says Mrs. French, had been studying Mr. Heinze, his life and habits, for all of those years they had been waiting. They hit -pon his weak point and decided to play that to the limit. Mrs. French's own words describe best what happened. "The Standard Oil crowd," she says, "sent a beauteous, Titian haired woman to the Waldorf to make his acquaintance. She took rooms at the hotel and engineered her job so well she made him make all the advances. He eventually, by making strenuous efforts and using all his ingenuity, obtained an introduction to her. "O, I have to laugh when I think about it. This red haired beauty pumped the whole story 01 the pool out of Heinze and took it in hot haste to 26 Broadway, where they immediately began laying plans for fixing that 'fresh young fellow from Butte.' When Mr. Morse turned tail and threw his United Copper on the market the Standard Oil folks knew every move he was making, and they helped along in the good work. They smashed the pool to pieces and made Heinze yell for help. But Heinze knew it would be futile to go to No. 26. and I don't believe he ever asked for any assistance. He just took his medicine and kept still." This was the time, says Mrs. French that Heinze appealed to her to loan him the bonds which she is seeking to recover. Morse In the Same Boat. Mrs. French in her version of the story, sticks closely to what happened to F. Augustus Heinze. She does not mention the fact that Heinze's partner in the pool. Morse, was caught in the same fix as the Rutte man when their foes unloaded copper stocks on them and caught them when they could not get from under. She does not tell how Morse in his efforts to save himself got his string of banks involved in the affair and how many of them went down one after the other like a row of houses built out of cards: how he was accused of misappropriating the funds of one of them ?which happened to be a national bank?fell into the clutches of the Federal banking law and finally wound up in the Federal prison. But to return to the Titian haired woman. Thomas \V. Lawson was asked what he knew of the affair and he was more than willing to vouch for the facts of everything Mrs. French had said concerning her. Further. Mr. Lawson said the feat of smashing Heinze into a financial pulp was only an ordinary feat for the woman. She often has gone after and succeeded in bringing down much bigger game than the man from Butte. "I am astounded that the personality of this Titian haired beauty never has been brought into print before," said Mr. Lawson. "Heinze is only one of the men whose secrets she has been able to betray to standard Oil. Time after time she hits been the moving spirit beneath Standard Oil corps, and only those who had babbled their stories to her knew how the magnates at 26 Broadway were able to cireumvent their earefully laid plans. Naturally they didn't tell. "I haven't heard a thing about this woman for some time. I do not know where she is now or anything about her. 1 sim no friend to standard Oil, but I don't care to tell what her name is or much about her. "I will say this, to indicate hei prowess, that she has not only betrayed Heinze's secrets to the 26 Broadway crowd, but that another rival fully as powerful, also was delivered over to Sandard Oil with all his earefully planned secrets, so that it was , child's play to outwit him. United States Senator of Her Making "She made a I'nited States senator just how and where 1 do not car" ti state, hut it was one of the notable tilings she was tilth- to do. The senator was of Standard <>il making tint naturally was an aid to the trust. A another time this woman avertci what threatened to become a notoriou international scandal. It concemei 1 an island which belonged to a hit power and the industries of whicl were wanted by a New York group o i financiers. It became known it Washington and seemed ready to be ! come public property at tiny mometi when the woman with the red hai was rushed to Washington and the sif I fair never reached the size of a scan dal. I "This woman has been a power fo Standard Oil. She has been abb- b t land men who were enemies of tin trust when it seemed as if money and prominence could do nothing to induce them to quit warring on Broadway. And through it all she has kept out of the press in a remarkable manner. "I do not know Mrs. Lillian Hobart French. But as far as the events of the copper war between Heinze and the Standard Oil people go she certainly has been right in all that sne has said. I met Heinze with Henry H. Rogers in secret at the Waldorf Astoria, and in that meeting the settlement was reached that ended their rivalry, and I also heard from sources authoritative that the Titian haired I woman had been able to trick Heinze into the hands of the New York ....J *..?. ekn V^fwl tri/il'oil trt;i nv lesser men and some bigger men before." Naturally these stories of Mrs. French and Mr. Lawson were carried to the Standard Oi! headquarters with a request that some reply should be given to them. The reply was given by Mr. Archbold himself and in no uncertain manner. "Standard Oil does not employ red haired Circes In its business." he said. These statements are a tissue of falsehoods, ridiculous upon their face and unseemly." THE HORSE IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Was Introduced By Spaniards, Notwithstanding Claims to Contrary. It will not be uninteresting to many to say something of the wild breed of horses of Carolina and Southern America. Pearson, in his unpublished "History of Fairfield," labort through several pages, and with considerable plausibility, to prove that the horse was a native of the Continent and well known to the Indians long before the first visits of the Europeans. Some of his statements are at least novel. At the period, he affirms, of the settlement of Carolina by Sayle and his followers, in 1670, immense droves of wild horses were found subsisting upon the natural pastures of the country. The colonists soon learned to take them in snares, and great numbers of them, it is reported by old settlers, were caught in this way. Old Jessy Sladdrn, long since dead, pointing on one occasion to a valley on his estate near the Wateree creek, observed : n my boyhood I often saw large herds of wild horses rushing along that valley in a wild stampede; and so great were their numbers that the ground on which our cabin stood shook under their tread." The opinion that this noble quadruped is not a native of America seems to have originated chieliy from a few casual remarks, found in the chronicles of first discoveries and explorers. It is a striking incident, and often repeated ,of the cavaliers of Cortes, in his invasion of Mexico, that they were taken by the simple natives when first seen approaching on horseback. to be so many monsters composed partly of the body of the horse and partly of that of a man. From this it was hastily concluded that they had never before seen the horse, while there is clearly an equal probability that their astonishment did not arise from the sight of the horses but the novel complexion, strange costume and extraordinary pageantry of the stern cavaliers who rode them; and so great was the impression made upon their imaginations that it was easy for them to fancy a natural connection between the Spaniards and their steeds. But neither the pageantry nor the wonderful race of men thus presented to the view of the Mexicans was requisite to produce such an effect upon their unsophisticated minds. It is well known that the buffalo was originally found roaming over the whole extent of the Southern Atlantic and Gulf states, but no Indian or Mexican had ever used them for purposes of draught or burden. Suppose, therefore, that instead of horses, the Spaniards had approached the City of Mexico mounted upon the backs of domesticated buffaloes, would the astonishment of the natives have been less or their imagination less active? An incident is related in the primitive history of Carolina, which precisely illustrates the point in view. When the Catawba Indians first heard of the arrival of Sayle on the coast they instantly?so the tradition runs ?dispatched a war party to reconnoiter the movements and appearances of the strangers. Proceeding to the banks of the Ashley, the party concealed themselves In a glade in full view of the sea, and there, for the first time, beheld the ships of the white men as they rode at anchor. "What great birds!" they exclaimed to one another, and very soon they saw the English themselves hurrying to and fro, with strange motions and yet stranger dress, both in the vessels and on land. But an object now appeared that astonished them almost as much as the ships?a man leading out a horse to tether to grass on the glade not far from their hiding place. On their return to the nation this circumstance was related as a subject of peculiar interest, yet the country, at that period, aoounded in wild horses: they must have seen hundreds of them on the paths, as they passed to and from the coast: but a horse with a bell on. crt?occ wa? n vjifht ?llf ficient to excite the wonder of any savage on the continent. In this plausible manner, the amible chronicler of Fairfield ventures to lay claim to the American nativity of the horse. The argument, however, is more ingenious than historically truthful. It cannot be denied that the Spaniards introduced into the country the original stock, from which the wild breed of the prairie, both of the period and of the present, are descended. After much observation among the Southern Indies. Hartram informs us that the horse was not originally found in their possession. Of the wild horses of the Seminoles, which he met in East Florida, he writes: "They are the most beautiful and sprightly species of that noble creature, perhaps, anywhere to be seen, lint are of a small breed, and as delicately formed as the American roe buck. The horse in the Greek tongue, is erhoclueco. the great deer. The Seminole horses are said to have descended from the Andulusian breed. , brought here by the Spaniards, when they first established the colony of east Florida. From the forehead to their nose is a little arched or aequi: lene. and so the the fine Choctaw horses among the upper creeks, which are said to have been brought thither from New Mexico across the Missis> sippi, by those natives of Indians who emigrated from the west beyond tinriver. "These horses are everywhere iike iln Spanish breed, only larger, and perhaps not so lively and capricious, it is a matter of conjecture, whether or not tin- different soil and situation of the country may have contributed in some measure, in forming the difference in size and other qualities between them. i have observed the horses and other animals of the high, hilly country of Carolina, are of a much larger and stronger make . lliail most' which arc urcu in uic iiai country, next tli" seacoast. A huck skin of the ("herokees will weigh twice I as much is those lireil in the low. flat . country of Carolina." l.nw?:on. though he gives us quite a curious ami minute journal of an excursion which lie made early in the beginning >1 the cigntcenth century, from Charleston, through portions of th middle and upper eountry. api pears to have seen no wild horses, un, le.-s In* includes tlieiii in the general term cattle. He speaks of "passing several large savannahs, wheieiu are I curious ranges for cattle." In a d?? l seription. which follows*, however, of . a grand town dance that lie witnessed among tile Waxhnws. in the present s territory of Lancaster he speaks of the 1 women leading off in the joyous eirr cle, htiving hawk's hills tied about ' their necks, and gieat hells for horses I fastened to their legs, tin the luxurf hint ciini pastures of the Tugaloo and i Ken wee rivers, and. doubtless, at quite an early period, on the richer Savannahs of the Long-Cane and Saluda, t as well as beyond the mountains, the r ('herokees kept immense droves of uorses tha* roamed as wild and free as tile deer o| the same region. These " horses were said to have been of a very superior quality: the Cht rokees |. were famous jockeys, and exceedingly shrewd in their judgment of these II animals.?Logan's History of upper c South Carolina. 1 iNbcrUanrotr; Sratlinfl. OUR LOSS FROM PESTS. $400,000,000 Annually Eaten Up By Insects. All of our undesirable citizens are not two legged nor are they all by habit elty dwellers. Some of the most undesirable have no legs at all; other pernicious varieties have many, and millions of the most destructive sort inhabit the forest, the orchard and the truck garden, of the no legged kind there is our own peach brown rot, and the white pine rust of Europe, while of those many legged we have already with us the imported codling moth, which costs the country $15,000,000 a year, and on the other side 01 tne water there ravages periodically the "nonne" moth, which like all predaceous creatures is ever watching its opportunity to emigrate to fresh fields and victims new. One of our national responsibilities is first to weave such a mesh of legislation that these unwelcome strangers shall be held up to inspection, and second to appropriate funds to provide competent inspectors who recognize these incomers. Why this is a responsibility of the gravest importance, commensurate with that of sifting the raw materials of citizenship, can be shown by parading some facts and figures of recent scientific history. The three fates who have the weaving of this web of legislation In their hands are the United States department of agriculture, the house of committee on agriculture and the association of importing nurserymen. For two or three years these three bodies hnvf held occasional weaving circles. The web is not yet woven, though the pattern is about selected, and perhaps another session of congress will give the unfinished product to the market The fates in the case have not found it easy to pull together. One interest is apt to draw a little harder on one thread than is good for the pattern. Up to date this web, by name the Simmons bill, is the best legislation to prevent the inportation of insect pests and plant diseases that has ever been considered in congress. The bill probably would be operative now had not the activities of the late session been bunched into the concluding few weeks. It was framed by the bureau of entomology, the house committee is friendly to it, and the nurserymen balk at only one clause. What sort of a tangle will the visiting insect meet when the Simmons bill takes effect? To begin with, when the box in which he sleeps arrives at its destination and he is brought forth into daylight, together with the plant of his abode, he will find a cold, scientific eye gazing into his. Thus is the beginning of his career in his adopted country, also his ending. There will be no more underground ways by which he can elude the vigilance of science. The travels of the marauding worm and the insidious fungus will, by ihe operation of this bill, be subjected io a limelight of information and regulation. Hereafter it shall he unlawful for any person to import nursery stock from abroad without a special permit from the United states department of agriculture. Before the permit is granted the department must know how much and what kind of nursery stock Is to be imported, the country and district where it is grown abroad, name and address of shipper, approximate date of arrival of stock and where and to whom it will be consigned. The transportation company must notify the department upon the arrival of the stock, which must be accompanied by a certificate of inspection made by a foreign expert before the stock was shipped, certifying that it is apparently free from infestation or infection. The stock will be subject to inspection by scientific authorities on the premises of the person to whom it is shipped, and if infected it may be fumigated at the expense of the owner or agent, or if necessary, destroyed. So far all the fates agree. The one provision over which the entomologists and nurserymen cross blades is that which empowers the secretary of agriculture to lock in a hard and fast quarantine any foreign district in * 1 1 ' ? -- ? lr?_ wnicn a piani uiseasc ?u u<-\<>m m* insect is raging. This would relieve the state of New York from the unequal fight it has been and is waging with the white pine rust. That is, the fight is equal enough so far as preventing the disease from establishing itself within the state is concerned, but unequal in the effort to eliminate the possibility of infection in other parts of the country. White pine stock bearing the rust may still elude the state inspectors .and go into private hands or may go through the state to some other state where the inspection service is not so efficient. * This disease is. so far as is known, actively established in only one district of Germany, from which most of our white pine seedlings are imported. White pine culture has been abandoned in Holland, as well as in parts of Germany and Russia, solely because of the grip of this fungus. It has been imported into this country in New York, the northwest and in parts of New England, but has not yet spread extensively. It threatens the eastern and western white pines and also the sugar pine; in fart, all the five leaved varieties. Last year the state department of agrieultnre of New York destroyed SOO.aOii (icrntan white pine seedlings in the nursery at T?ike Clear and the I'nited States department has destroyed two other private importations. All tills trouble and danger might have been avoided had the quarantine power been at the discretion of the government. Quarantine power in this ease is especially needed, as the disease cannot he discovered until it has progressed to an advanced stage. T)r. I.. O. Howard, chief of the bureau of entomology, estimates that we are suffering damage to the amount of $400,000,000 annually from pests that have been accidentally imported. Without such legislation as the Simmons bill the tax placed by insects and plant diseases upon our crops will increase. This bill would have saved the New Kngland states the $000,000 they spent last year lighting the gypsy and browutail moths. The state of Massachusetts lias alone spent over $2.0oo,ooo lighting the gypsy moth. Nests of this insect are found every year in large numbers on important nursery stock, and as wide awake as most state authorities are to the imminent danger of tiiis pest it is certain that without centralized facilities for checking the importation of foreign nursery slock some nests of the moth will eventually elude inspection and the moth will get free in other sections of tlie country. Our gate is also wide open at prcs ent to the entrance of two other dreaded European pests the "nonne" moth and the white pine spinner. In Sweden between 1897 and 1902 the "nonne" moth ruined more than 7,f?00 acres of white pine, and in Prussia in 18Fi2 55,000,000 cords of wood were destroyed by its work. The greatest outbreak of the pine spinner occurred in middle Germany between 1862 and 1872, when some 25,000 acres of white pine were eaten clean and an estimated damage of 5565,000 was done. The result of the passage of the Simmons bill would be the organizing of all tbe national interests concerned to watcn for and prevent the entrance of dangerous insects and plant diseases. It wAuld systematize under the head of the Secretary of agriculture the business of inspection of imported nursery stock. State agricultural experiment stations and colleges would be kept informed by the United States department of agriculture of dangerous zones abroad and the approach of possibly infested stock. It would do away generally with small private importations of stock, which gives opportunity for so much carelessness and irresponsibility of handling and the possibility of scattering pests among the orchards and forests.?Harper's Weekly. MANY LOTTERY ROMANCES. Fortunes Won and Lost By Freaks of Chance. Thpt the age of lottery romance Is by nt> means over Is-proved by a singular story which has just come to us from Brussels. For some time no claimant appeared for the principal prize in the Brussels Exhibition Lottery. of the value of C 8.000: and as weeks passed it became more and more doubtful whether the owner of the winning ticket would ever be traced, until a week or so ago he was discovered in a dramatic fashion. A few days before the result of the lottery drawing was announced, a young Belgian miner had been tragically killed by a stone facing on his head while at work: and, according to custom, he had been buried in his best suit of clothes. The man had been some time underground wnen his relations recalled that he had purchased a ticket for the great lottery and that it had probably been buried with him. A petition was made to the authorities for permission to exhume the body; and in a waistcoat pocket was found the missing ticket which, had he lived, would have made him a rich man. The recent history of lotteries is full of stories of similar romance, most of which are practically unknown to the public at large. "Rouge et Noir," for instance, recalls how "a few years ago I was at Frankfort on the eve of the lottery being drawn. At a hotel I met several gentlemen, one of whom regretted having spent two florins on a ticket, as he 'never had any luck;' another gentleman offered him two florins for it, which offer was accepted. On the following day the ticket won 10,000 florins." He also tells another story of a tradesman who had bought four tickets, bearing consecutive numbers, in a big lottery. Thinking It foolish to have so many tickets so close together, he took one of them back to the office and had it exchanged for another. His disgust can be better imagined than described when the ticket thus exchanged won a prize of ?20,000. A more fortunate experience was that of a French widow, one Mme. Hoser, who was "passing rich" on a few francs a day earned as canteen maid to a regiment of dragons. One day madame decided to invest her very small savings in three tickets for a forthcoming lottery, the chief prizes in which were of dazzling richness. She was offered tickets numbered 2,171, 2,172 and 2,173. The last of the trio she pointblank refused to accept, as it contained her unlucky number "3." Ticket No. 2,174 was willingly substituted, and it was this very ticket, so quixotically chosen, which won for her the first prize of ?40,0(10. A few years ago, as the date for the drawing of the annual Christmas lottery at Madrid was approaching, a poor mechanic of Corunna was awakened three consecutive nights by the number 125,869, apparently spoken in his ear. So impressed was he by the repetition of the incident that he wrote down the number and jocularly said to his wife. "That number will win the first prize in the great lottery." "Then why don't you buy the ticket?" his wife answered, jokingly, as she looked at the figures. "Why, see, if you add them together they just come to my age. I shall be 31 on Christmas Day." The ticket, after much trouble was found (it had been rejected a few minutes earlier by a wealthy citizen of Corrunna), and mought, and before many days had passed the mechanic and his wife were made jubilant by ?, ,u_ V, o a u-nn the mi? news Uiai uir uinn iiuu first prize of ?200,000. Of the same Spanish lottery another remarkable story is told. A Madrid crossing-sweeper was plying his brush one morning when he saw an old lady slip and fall on stepping off the pavement. He rushed to her assistance and raised her to her feet, expecting at the most to receive a copper as the reward of his gallantry. "I have no money with me," said the old lady, "but here"?and she fumbled in her handbag and produced a crushed piece of paper?"take this, and may it bring you luck." The piece of paper was a tenth share ticket in the Christmas lottery, which a few weeks later made the crossing sweeper rich "beyond the dreams of avarice," his share of the third prize amounting to $K,000. Equally romantic was the experience of a poor shopkeeper, a widow, in a Rerlin suberb. One day a shabbily-dressed man entered her shop and. begging permission to light his pipe, produced a piece of paper which lie twisted into a spill. After securing a light he threw down the charred spill on the floor tind with a Thank you" walked off. On the following morning, when sweeping the shop floor, the widow picked up the discarded spill, and, finding that it was a ticket for a coming lottery, the number of which was untouched by fire, she put it in her | purse, saying laugmngiy u> an Idaughter, "There is a fortune in this piece of paper, nty dear." Weeks passed and the incident and the ticket were almost forgotten, when she chanced to see the winning numbers of tlie lottery in a newspaper. Then it flashed on her that she, too, had a ticket, and producing the charred, crumpled piece of paper from her purse she found, to her amazement and delight that the number on it had won C 10,000.?Tit Bits. THE SLAVIC SPARTA. Glimpses of the Romance of the Balkan Kingdom. "My country," said an Afghan \nicer, "produces two crops?stones and warriors." Prince "Xikita." when a homesick, model student in tlie Latin Quarter of Paris, a little over fifty years ago. said the same tiling of his beloved Montenegro, the dreaded '"Kara Dagh" of the Turks, adding? perhaps forgetting for the moment the day-dream of his race?that he would not exchange iiis barren crags for till the glory of the east. The Black Mountaineers themselves have a comic legend to account for the configuration < f their home hind. According to one of its many variants, the Creator, carrying his load of mountains, rocks and stones, was building his daedal world, when, as he was traversing the Montenegro about to lie, the sack burst, and tin rocks and stones rolled out. According to another version, the sack-bearer was St. 131 las. whom tile early Slav Christians had put in the place of Zeus, the Creek sky-deity, and whom the Slavs of 1!! 1 o have already invoked as the patron of flying men. Tennyson's "rough rock throne" lias often been quoted within the last few clays. "The Sparta of the Southern Slavs" is Miller's appropriate description. Hut the most picturesque and historically comprehensive one is by Mr. Gladstone, who, having said that the mountaineers' battles with the Turks outvied, though not in renown, Marathon and Thermopylae compared Montenegro with a rockbound seashore whereupon the wreckage of Slav freedom was east up by the waves. The wreckage of 500 years, from the battle of Kossovo and the Turkish destruction of the Servian Czardoin to (Jhazi Osman's heroic disaster at Plevna: 500 years during which the Black Mountain, unsubduabl'e amid nit' surriiuimius i urn, uci_<>ihc v..v- .... veil (?f refuge to her Bosnian, Servian Herzegovlnlan kinsfolk, and the inheritress of their dream of a Slavic renaissance. What mean the color and design of the pork-pie national cap which Prince Xiklta?Nicholas?will, doubtless, wear this day, when his jubilee and his elevation to the royal state are to be celebrated, and which, one may be sure, is dearer to him. romantic patriot as he is, than his brand-new crown? The black border of the cap is the emblem of mourning for the battle of Kossovo, the five yellow bands symbolize the five centuries of warfare and the scarlet color their sanguinary story. So says the mountaineer. His very headgear proclaims him the typical Slav and the guardian of the Serb idea. And what is more, the Black Mountaineer, proudest and j bravest of the Slav race, has his own legend of a hero-sleeper. The Holy Roman Empire had her Friedrich Barbarossa, seated, full armed, and asleep in his Thurlngian grotto, destined to awake with the uprise of the Germanic people. And so Nlkita's Liliputlan kingdom has her own hero. Tsernolevitch, asleep In his cave beneath his old castle of Obod ever since 1490, destined to start up from his shroud of stone when the trumpet summons him to conquer Albania and restore the empire of the Serbs. Homeric in his patriarchal simplicity and exaltation of valor as the supreme virtue, primitive In his fitful ferocity (therein a match for the Turk, the Black Mountaineer remained until little more than fifty years ago. As late as 1 853, in the reign of Danilo II., Xikita's uncle and predecessor, the Montenegrins cut off the heads of 317 Turks, whose camp they surprised, and stuck them on the top of the "Turk's tower'' in tneir capuai, Cettinje?where the sultan's envoy, in the company of foreign kings and princes, including the representative of the "Caliph of Prussia," presents his master's congratulations to the new king. Turk heads were a habitual adornment of the "Turk's tower" since 1484, when the heroic Ivan the Black, driven cloudwards by the Ottoman invaders, fixed his capital by the Cettinje hills?the "eyrie" from which "the mountain eagles" of the strolling minstrels swooped down, generation after generation, upon their hatred and implacable and everbaftied enemy. Neither then nor in the nineteenth century were the attrocities all on one side; and the Black Mountaineers were as deft as the Turks in locking the doors upon multitudes of people and burning them to death. Tribute and a minolaur offering of maidens the Pashas, age after age, demanded. And the minstrels have perpetuated the typical answer: "For tribute you shall have our rocks, hurled down upon you from our mountain tops; and, for virgins, so many pigtails to ornament your turbans withal." Little more than half a century ago the ruler of the Black Mountain dispensed his patriarchal justice from his stone seat beneath the great plan* tf-ee in Cettinje. The prince was judge, legislator, war lord, priest, all in one. His was a Homeric society. He was a Homeric "shepherd of the peopie." When the gentle poet and natiii-A-lnvpr the reformer, educa tionist, fighting Saint Peter II,?who also lifteJ many a Turk head in his day, and who died prematurely in 1851?succeeded to the chiefship, the bishop's crook was placed in his hand for sceptre, and he was clothed in his priestly robes. His career, like that of all his great predecessors, reveals the most seemingly Incongruous elements in character and action. The first printing press in the land of the Southern Slavs was set up in Cettlnje by a ruler of the Tsernoievitch dynasty. above named, a few years after Caxton's press in Westminster. Time after time it was destroyed by the Turks, or converted, for dear life's sake, into bullets. The second Peter re-established the press in its famous monastety?the very place that is the scene of this day's ritual, with the Turk?a Young Turk this time?looking on! And from this press there issued?J how short a time since!?the first printed history of the Montenegrin race and the first batch of printed ballads. One may fancy the warriorsaint sauntering in. now in civil garb, with his rifla and his voluminous sash stuffed with knives, and now in his ecclesiastical robes, with his hair, long as a woman's, let loose and the black veil from his tall cylindrical hat hanging down his back. A little later, and out there came the first Montenegrin almanac, a momentous innovation for a people whose almanac i had been sunrise and noontide and sunset, and the phases of the moon, and of the revolving year. But before this happened the long duel with the Turk broke out afresh, and the printers dropped their composing sticks and turned their leaden type into bullets. In that same period?still so reit" vorv cphnnlm.'jsters carried revolvers anil yataghans. They are doing it at this hour in Macedonia, where the Young Turk is disarming Moslem and Giaour alike. Shortly uefore the late Insurrection I was spending the night in an assembly of peasants. Seated in a circle on the floor the women sang of the haiduks?otherwise commilajis. outlaws? and their deeds in the forest stand among the rocks of Mount Perin. And i the daskol?village school teacher?a finely athletic youth, was reciting a heroic tale and flourishing his naked dagger. The Turks burst in with a shout. The commitaji ringleader? for such the young schoolmaster was ?vanished like a fish through a secret passage, and escaped over the house roofs to his "brigand" comi rades in the mountains. But in Serb-land the Turk's day is over. To the strife between Turk and Slav has succeeded the strife between Slav and Teuton. That Tennyson's "smallest among peoples"?whose military organization Is progressing fast, and who, by the way. are more numerous lhan the morning papers allege?may play a noticeable part In the political evolution, Is scarcely more incredible than their 500 years' victorious resistance to the Ottoman hosts. Put the subject cannot be considered at the end of this sketch.? Pall Mall Gazette. Caught the Jury.?"Oratory is, indeed, a lost art," said a Cleveland man the other day. "I used to go down to the courts just to hear the lurid speeches. Nothing doing in that line any more. The lawyers do not talk about Mowers, rainbows and sunbeams any more. "There was .a lawyer in Cleveland years ago?Bill Robinson was his name ?whose addresses to a jury always attracted a crowd. I will forever remember one of his sentences. The man he was flghting in the suit had a reputation as something of a miser. "'Who is this man, who is he?' thundered Robinson. 'You know and I know that he boils his potatoes in widows' tears.' "This phrase caught the jury, and Robinson won his case, but one doesn't hear any such 'oratory' as that nowadays." A Bad Guess.?"Lysander," said ' tin- wife sweetly, "do you know what | day this is?" "Of course," said hubby, pretending to have remembered all the time: "it's the anniversary of our wedding - day, dear." i "Xo such thing!" frigidly answered the wife. "It's the day you promised to nail the leg on that old kitchen i table."?Tit-Bits. THE FIGHTING MAN. Stories of Reckless Courage of th< Old-Time Sailor. To illustrate the directness and simplicity of the mind of the fighting man there is no anecdote which better exhibits these qualities than the one dealing with a certain line-of-battleshlp at the time of the mutiny of the Nore. It was known at Plymouth that the mutiny had broken out before the ship in question left one fine evening for Spithead. The wind was fair up Channel, and the sails being: trimmed to the satisfaction of the captain and the course set by the master, the former officer was going down to his cabin when he was accosted by his first lieutenant. The latter informed his superior that a deputation from the seamen had just waited upon him and informed him that the ship's company had notified their intention not to go to Spithead but that they* proposed to carry the ship to the Nore and then Join the mutineers. The captain dismissed the first lieutenant and retired to his cabin to think the matter out, and in a very short time had come ) a decision; he rang for his steward and gave directions that a table, a chair and a compass and lantern were to be taken down i".to the powder magazine. As soon as this was done the captain, armed with a brace of pistols, repaired to the magazine and seated himself in front of an open powder barrel. He then sent for the first lieutenant and ordered that the ringleaders of the mutiny were to come and interview him where he sat. They came; the captain heard all that they had to say concerning their unalterable determination to carry the ship to the Nore and join the ships already in a state of mutiny. When they had finished the captain addressed them; he pointed out that they had a fair and steady wind up Channel; that there was no reason why the ships should deviate half a point from the course which had been set; that he had a compass ir front of him, and that if during the night he found that the ship had departed more than a point from her course, he would then and there blow up the ship. It is on record that no ship was ever steered up Channel with more meticulous accuracy than was that particular liner. So steadfast a mind and so lofty a soul as this is not often paralleled ever in the annals of the English services; and yet It is doubtful if even this example of resource, of nerve, of profound psychological aptitude to seize upon the right thing to do and to dc it, is comparable to the decision taker in the French war of more than a century ago by a certain frigate captain The frigate was cruising on the coast of Ireland, and in half a gale ol wind on a lee shore fell in with a French line of battleship which had lost her mizzenmast. In ordinary circumstances it was, of course, impossible for a frigate to engage with a liner as one broadside from the latter would inevitably sink the former; when however, the big ship was partially disabled, as she was in the case ir question, the circumstances were sc much altered that the frigate had a chance of doing considerable damage to her enemy with only a remote chance of receiving much herself. Instantly the frigate captain begar an action which must have been singularly irritating to his gigantic antagonist; buy skillful seamanship he contrived to repeatedly hull the liner always turning to windward and avoiding her return fire; but all the time the weather was getting steadily worse, a big sea was getting up, and both vessels were drifting rapidly tc leeward on to a rockbound coast. The master, in whose hands was the responsibility for the navigation of the ship, watched with anxiety the steady drift to leeward, and at least, as ir duty hound, went to the captain and said: 'It is my duty to report to you sir, that if we do not go about at once we shall soon be in a most dangerous position." The captain, who was watching his antagonist closely, having got his owr ship into such a position that he coulc rake her from stem to stern, merely replied, "Very good," and devoted his whole attention to the continuance ol the action. Another quarter of ar hour passed, and the master, agair approaching the captain, said: "It is now my duty to inform you, sir, thai if you do not put the ship about al once nothing can save her from goin* on shore." So close were they to the shore that now above the thunder ol the guns the roar of the surf on thai rockbound coast was dominating al other sounds whatsoever. The captaii turned to the master, "Do you evei play chess?" he asked. "Sometimes sir," stammered the astonished officer "Did you ever hesitate to sacrifice f knight for a castle?" "No." "Very well; there," pointing to the French liner, "is the castle; it seems as if 1 should have to sacrifice the knight which is our own ship." It was even as he said, as both ships went on shore very' shortly afterward and nearly every soul on board of both of them was drowned.?United Servic? Magazine. MAKING OF BIG TELESCOPES. Perfecting of Lenses a Matter of Very Great Care. The factory which most successfully casts the rough disks of glass for th< mirrors is the ancient .and famous on< at St. Gobain, France, which was established in 1665. The writer had thi rare privilege of visiting this old walled town last year, and of studying there the details of this difficult work This firm has successfully made for us two nearly perfect disks 60 inches it diameter and eight inches thick weighing 2,000 pounds each, togethei with a large number of small disks They are now engaged in making foi us a disk 100 inches in diameter ant u inches thick, weighing 10,00< pinmds. for the mirror of the Hookei telescope. Disks up to GO inches diameter are poured from the large tire-claj melting pots which are used for melting and pouring plate glass. The 100inch glass is so large that it cannol he poured from the usual pots; henc. a special furnace with a melting tan! capable of holding 40,000 pounds oi molten glass has been constructed foi it. Innumerable precautions are necessary in order to prevent the presenc* of air bubbles and of striae or pouring marks in the resulting disks. After a disk is successfully cast ant before it is removed from the mold ii is placed in the annealing oven. Disks up to three or four feet in diameter art annealed by being cooled slowly am uniformly for several days or severa weeks, depending upon their size. A special method of annealing, the resuli of long experiment, is used for sue! groat disks as the 60-Inch and 100inch; the annealing of the latter res quires about 100 days. The rough disks when successfully cast and annealed are shipped In very i strong wooden cases cushioned on the inside. We have never had a disk Ini jured in snipment. A very important feature in prepar1 ing for the grinding and polishing of the glasses is the optical room or building. This must be so constructed ; that it can be kept scrupulously free i from dust, and that the temperature 11 can oe unuer perieci cuuiroi. uur upI tlcal rooms in Pasadena are well protected from temperature changes; they can be closed air-tight, and are sup; plied with fresh air at a constant temi perature and washed free from dust. Another Important item is the grindI ing and polishing machine. The machines which I use at present are the > result of twenty years' experience and gradual improvement. By their aid i the glass disks are changed from rough castings with ragged edges and irregular surfaces to brilliantly pol: ished optical mirrors, their surfaces : correct in form to within much less ; than one one hundredth thousandth i part of an inch. After this the final i correcting and retouching of the surfaces are done mainly by hand, and the i machines plays a less important part. The optical work is divided InU) four marked stages as follows: Rough grinding, fine grinding, polishing, figuring and testing, and finally silvering. The grinding is done by means of ! large plates or "tools" of cast Iron, which are first turned and ground to ' the proper curvature. The abrading material used between the tools and the glass may be either sand, emery, s or carborundum grains, mixed with an > abundance of water. Carborundum I grinds most rapidly, because it is extremely hard and sharp. The glass lies in a horizontal position on the ? slowly rotating turntable of the ma' chine, while the grindlng-plates are I moved about upon its surface, in ellipi tical paths or strokes, by the action > of the machine. Rough-grinding Is comparatively simple, and consists ' merely in giving the glass its approx' imate form; this must be done very i deliberately, however, to prevent heati ing and consequent cracking of the I glass. The principal glass of a reflecting i telescope is flat on the back and coni cave on the face. The form of the back need be only approximately true, but the form of the concave face must be optically perfect. The back is, of course, ground with a flat tool or plate, ? and the face with a convex one. i Fine-grinding is much more difficult, since at this stage the accurate surface of revolution of the concave face must i be secured. Every precaution is now necessary to insure uniform temperai ture conditions and uiiiform speed of I rotation of the glass beneath the grlnding-plates. Fine-grinding gives _ ^ vuk t_ _ 1 ?? a suriace wiiiuii is aunuoi ummi^uiuvi, cally true, and which Is exquisitely fine I and smooth, ready for polishing. This , is accomplished by using with the iron ' grindlng-plates a succession of finer i and finer grades of carborundum pow> der with water. These powders, of any l desired degree of fineness, are easily f prepared by a method of washing or ' elutriating in water. The tools or plates used for pollshi ing are very different from the grind> Ing-plates; they are much lighter, be ing constructed of a basis of aluminum i or wood, coated on one face with small , Squares of moderately soft rosin or 1 pitch, which in turn is coated with a s thin layer of beeswax. The polishingr powder used is soft red optical rough 1 mixed with an abundance of clean wa> ter. The polishing tools are moved about upon the glass by the same mas chine with which the grinding is done, s At this stage, as well as in the flne' grinding, the utmost care and cleanlii ness are needed to prevent scratches. I If the fine-grinding has been well done, , eight or ten hours' work is usually suf' flcient, in the case of a large glass, to i bring the surface to a perfect brilliant polish, i As soon as the polish begins to appear, i the exact form of the concave surface I can be determined by optical tests. As the polishing proceeds, this testing Is i done several times a day, and the ' stroke of the polishing tools is modified i so as to produce more and more nearly i the exact form of surface desired. This ' operation is called figuring the sur' face. It will be seen that polishing, t figuring, and testing are carried on ' simultaneously, and that the produc' tlon of the optically perfect surface Is f accomplished with polishing tools Int stead of with grinding tools. Even the ' finest grinding would be too crude for 1 the purpose; and besides, the surface p must be a polished one in order to be > tested frequently.?Harper's Magazine ! GLAD SHE WASN'T STOUT. i j Truly Fortunate That the Customs , Men Looked at Her Plump Daughter. ' "Reports of customs officials are constantly emphasizing the fact that 1 they have to watch women much more i closely than men to prevent smuggling. For some reason many women are not convinced of the right of the government to charge a duty and smuggling does not seem to them to be wrong." Henry A. Guilder of New Orleans made ' this statement at the Shoreham. "But," he continued, "I doubt whether many r women try to 'get by' more than once. One good scare should be enough to prevei t a repetition of the attempt. "I know of one woman who successfully managed one smuggling expedition, but I'm sure she wouldn't try it acnin if she lives to be a hundred years old. She is the wife of a friend of J mine, and she is a devout churchwo1 man. But she was tempted on this one occasion and fell. She bought a r beautiful tablecloth in Mexico. It was a remarkable piece of drawn work and r cost her $200. To escape paying a 1 heavy duty she improvised a petticoat ' of the tablecloth. As a part of her r costume, it would escape detection, she " was sure. She was accompanied by r her 20-year-old daughter, a young wo" man of much ampler physique than her ' mother. ' "When they reached El Paso they ? were detained, as usual, by the cusc turns inspectors. Peculiarly enough, it f was her daughter who aroused the r suspicions of the officials. To be plain, she was plump, and they were not - sure that she wasn't swathed in some ? dutiable fabric. The woman inspector examined her clothing thoroughly, but ' found no evidence of smuggling. AH 1 this time the mother was almost par' alyzed with fright. Luckily for her, ? the inspectors let her go, and she got ' the tablecloth through duty free. Hut I she vowed then that the offense would L be her last and the next time she t would gladly pay all the duty that ?| might be assessed."?Washington Post.