Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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_ISSUED SEMI-WEEKX^^ L. M. GRIST'S SONS, PubU>hers. } % Jfamtlg Uemspper: 4or (N promotion of the political, Social Agricultural and (Eontntetcial Interests of the people, {TER"?o^c2PVn iBK^f^CK ESTABLISHED 1855. YORKVILLE, S. C., TUESDAY, MARCH 1908. NO. 24. Ii^lll'm 111 HI IMHUjUttilMitlHUI) I '" '' By CLARENCI wiUwiwifwwiwirwwiffiwiiiw CHAPTER XII. Once More. "Which of the articles upon Constance Craig's table furnished you wit! hints to helf) you in your pursuit of th< murderer?" asked the prosecuting attorney. "Only one article: the cake of wax,' replied Prier. "The cake of wax furnished a clew' Will you state in what way?" "I will. There was an impressior upon the cake of wax, an impressior made by a seal ring, an impression ol an anchor and a woman's bead and a letter 'S.' " *,xr-*v" ?r... tKo imni-oasiiin was madf I?u mv by a ring. Are you certain of that?" "I am." "In what way are you so sure^ What leads you to be so positive?" "The depth of the impression. Tht hand which wore the ring undoubtedly struck the wax a very heavy blow, 01 was pressed downward upon it with great force." "Can you say whether the persor who wore the ring produced the deep impression upon the wax by a blow 01 by leaning upon the table?" "I am sure it was produced in one ot the other of those two ways; I cannot say *n which of the two." "And how does the depth of the impression prove the article to have been a seal ring?" "The impression not only shows the engraving upon the stone, but the bordering gold-work in which the stone is set and secured." "Exactly; I see. And have you retained the wax?" "I have, under lock and key. from that day to this. It is here." "We offer the wax in evidence," said the prosecuting attorney, quietly; "have you the garment on which Constance Craig had been at work before her death?" "Yes." "Is this it?" "It is." It lr> oviHpnnp fon_ Have ? ? C Vllt* IV II* V you found anything which fits the impression upon the cake of wax?" "I have." "What is it?" "A seal ring?a gold ring set with a white stone." "This ring which I hold in my hand?" "Yes, sir; the same." "Is this the other ring mentioned in the paper signed and acknowledged by Gilbert Senn?" "It is." "You are sure of that?" "Certainly." "You remember you are testifying under oath?" "I do. I swear to that." "Very well. Now, when was the impression made upon the wax? Was it recent, or was it not?" "You mean recent from the standpoint of the time of the death of Constance Craig?" "I do. Was it made shortly before her death, or some time before?" "It was made shortly before. It was made after she had laid aside the work upon which she had been employed?" "How do you know?" "Because the impression falls upon every mark which her thread had made upon the wax, and obliterates them foi the space covered by the impression The wax was a new cake; it had been used but a short time: the impression of the stone setting was made aftei that use." "But hov, can you be certain that the thread was not drawn across the was after the impression was made instead of before? The mark left by the rlna is very deep, as you have already sain and would not allow the threadmarkf to show at the bottom of the eavltj made even had the wax been used wltt the thread later than the time wher the impression was made. How art you sure of the impression having beer made last?" "The delicate edges of the impressior made by the ring prove that. They art clear-cut and unbroken. It needs nc expert to determine the fact that th< impression of the ring fell upon tht wax last. A cake of wax, a stoui thread, and a seal ring, in th< hands of the jury, will enable them tt make experiments which will verif) my statement most unmistakably. Every mark which the thread ever math upon the wax crosses the impressior made by the ring; the edge of the ringimpression would be impaired by a sin gle stroke of a thread?even if helt in the hand of a man earnestly anxiou: to disprove my assertion?I say witl certainty that no woman ever drew i thi-ou.i -ifi-rtwu the imoression after i had been made." "The jury will have the ring and th< wax in their possession during theii deliberations. You may. however. de> scribe the way in which the stone i) held in its place in this ring." "A series of thin gold hooks, shap' ed like leaves, are bent over upon tin border of the stone." "Are these gold leaves thick 01 thin?" "They are quite thick." "Were they pressed deep into th< wax. or only slightly?" "The impression is deep." "What is the effect upon the edg< of the impression?" "It leaves a series of exceedingl: narrow pieces of wax, not one-sixtietl of an inch wide in some places, stand ing up between the places where th gold hooks or leaves have left tin proofs of their presence." "How high do these narrow piece: rise above the impressions made by th< gold hooks?" "A height equal to the thickness o the leaves of gold: about one-eighth o an inch, I think." "Is the surface of any of these nar row bits of wax depressed below th< surface of the cake of wax as a whole? "The surfaces of these pieces an slightly depressed. The stone wa forced down enough to make its owi Impression in these spaces." "How much do these surfaces lie he low the general surface?" Jk3Sf J ) t I ' ! BOUTELLE. \ [ wtwiwiwwuiiwum in m mm hi i ! I "Only a little; the thickness of a ( sheet of wilting paper, perhaps." . "Enough so that the thread marks do j 4 not show?" t 4 "Enough so that they do not show." t * "How many of these bits of wax, an t eighth of an inch high and a sixtieth of f. an inch wide, are there?" t "Over twenty." j. ? "Are any of them broken?" 4 "Not one." ^ , "The wax is in exactly the condition ^ ! in which you found it the Tuesday J( ? evening after Mrs. Craig's death?" y L "It IS." e "You have not attempted to fit the ^ > ring to the impression in the wax?" { "No. sir; the jury can do that." t "We will consider another matter t > now. You do not feel at liberty to speak of the circumstances under > which you found these rings?" j > "1 do not. I consider my compact ^ with Mr. Senn a sacred and binding , one." "Whose wish was it that It should ( be made?" i "It was Mr. Senn's." "You swear that the rings were found ^ in his possession?" "I swear that they were found under circumstances which justify the possession, and^that he admitted to me the reasonableness uf such a conclusion. He also promised and agreed conclusion that they have been in his i possession." "Your compact witn mm is unaer; stood to include these conditions?" "Certainly." , "You will state fully the circumstances attending the finding of the rings, if the defense denies having had them in possession, or renounces the ^ statements?in any way or in any dei gree?which Senn has signed?" "I will." "You arrested Mr. Senn for this crime, I believe?" ^ "I did." cl Did he submit quietly?" . "He did not; he resisted desperately." "What desperate thing did he attempt to do?" Sl "He saw the rings. He made an attempt to destroy them." "To what extent did his resistance to? Do you think that your life was \V in danger?" "I do." "That is all. Mr. Aldrlch, you may taki the witness." cl Air. Aldrich was not at his ease, and w he did not counterfeit a self-possession ri he did not feel. w "You positively Identify the broken rim the ring with the blood-red stone, n with the one Mrs. Craig had worn for ai yens'." w "1 do." " > ou are not certain that the other tl ring which has been shown here today sl is the one which made the impression ui upon the wax?" fi: "I am certain. I have counted the ot golden leaves, and I have counted the ti impressions they made: I have exam- st i ined the impression and the ring which st ; ipade it. side by side, under a powerful u glass. They are alike in every line? ii in every detail. I am sure." n i "Why not have applied the ring to n the wax yourself, then?" w "Because the testimony of the wax n . shall be fresh and undoubted; because a t I will not blot out the track a thread u i has made, nor deepen a line left by the a ring-; because my hand shall not add ir the weight of a grain to the record the w > heavy hand of Murder left behind him: rl : these are the reasons why the Jury a I shall have the opportunity to test the p : ring and the wax first, before another fi , has done the same." ; "You prefer not t? state the cireum- a r stances under which you recently found 1 the rings?" A i "I prefer not to; it is the wish of i your client that I should not." 11 i "Were you engaged in an act which f< was in any degree criminal when you i found them? Had you been mistaken h ? in your suspicions regarding Mr. Senn, ) and failed to find the rings, would your b ; act in looking for them, or attempting v 1 to find them and secure them, have t made you criminally liable?" * "Mr. Aldrieh. you are asking ques- t; > tions which are risky to your client and r your cause. 1 shall not refuse to an- a swer any question you may ask me, ii 1 nor shall I allow the attorney for the l prosecution to interpose an effective t nuu-ai'Enty nnv if loan UUJVfUUIl IW m.? > X .. _ - prevent his doing: so.- I am here to tell a 1 the truth, the whole truth, and nothing' h s but the truth. But there is a compact s 1 between Mr. Senn and myself, a com- t t pact to which you are tacitly a party, n t the Integrity of which a train of ques- s tions like this will certainly endanger." t i "Is that your answer?" r "No. sir: that is not my answer. I r - shall not dodge nor evade any question f < you may think it wise and right to I ask. This is my answer: I was not - engaged in an act in any degree crimii nal when 1 found the rings; I had no o suspicions regarding Senn's connection r with this murder until after I had found them: I was not looking for tlie rings, and I had no reason to expect to p tind them when I did; I had never seen \ Senn until after finding them." Aldrich waited long before asking ( ? the next question. If he had intended i asking more questions in tlie direction r which his examination of Prier had i taken, he recognized the dangerous ? - character ?f the ground upon which he p had ventured, and wisely withdrew. p "You said that you believed your life \ to he in danger when you arrested t s Senn. did you not?" p "I said that during the struggle which resulted from his resistance. I s f believed my life to be in danger." f "Will you tell us whether Senn's life \ was in danger, too?" "He was resisting an officer who had p authority for his arrest." t "That is not the question: was he in x p danger of being killed?" ( s "I did not mean to let him escape." , (l "That is all." said Aldrich. r "That is all." echoed the prosecuting - attorney. v And Prier left the witness stand. Aldrich walked over to the side of he prosecuting attorney, and the two nen talked together in whispers for several minutes. At the close of this conversation \ldrieh walked back to the place he lad occupied. The prosecuting attorney arose and iddressed the court. "I desire, your honor, to make an explanation in regard to what I am about .0 do. Evidence regarding a certain lake of wax and two certain rings, imong other things, has been offered lere today. We have offered some 1 widence, and we propose tooffer more, 1 onnecting a certain ring with an impression ufion a cake of wax. We pro- 1 lose to show a close connection be- 1 ween these articles and the crime of 1 lie murder of Mrs. Craig. We propose o connect the rings with Gilbert Senn >y means of evidence stronger by far l han any we have yet presented. We iad intended, however, to allow the 1 ury to satisfy themselves of the fact 1 hat the ring which has been shown i lere, and commented upon at such engtli, really did make the impression 1 ipon the wax as we claim. My learnd friend, the lawyer for the defense, 1 iowever, is exceedingly anxious to have 1 hat question fully settled, one way or i he other, before the case is given to he jury. He requires me to call an Xpert in matters connected with jew- t Iry; I have consented to' do so; we lave agreed upon Mr. Silverton. Will ( Ir. Silverton. who I see is present, ome forward and be sworn?" Mr. Silverton, a slow and dignified \ Id gentleman with long gray hair, was vidently much astonished. He came arward promptly, however, and was t uly sworn, "What Is your name, sir?" asked the ( rosecuting attorney, r "Samuel Silverton." t "Your age?" I "Sixty years." i "You are a Jeweler?" "I am." "Residing where?" v "In Boomvllle." "How long have you been a jew- t ler?" "About forty years." "Living where?" li "My home and my place of business ave always been in Boomvllle." t "You consider yourself an authority c 1 all which relates to Jewelry?" n I do." "You have, perhaps, had some expe- p ience In making impressions of artiles upon wax for the purpose of copy- v if? designs?" h "I have had some such experience." t "Please examine th|s cake of wax. f Then was the impression which you ?e thereon made upon it, before or af- |( ?r it was last used to wax a thread?" "No thread has been drawn across s lis cake of wax since the impression tl as made." g "You are sure of thnf?" 0 "I am sure." 8 "Please take this ring. Examine it losely. Will you apply the ring to the ax, and then teFl the jury whether the ? ng made the Impression upon the ax. Mr. Silverton drew a pocket magifler from his pocket. He looked long s ad anxiously at the ring?then at the ax?at the ring, at the wax again. "There are certain imperfections? p le imperfections of human workman- . lip rather than any very marked or nusual flaws, in this ring. We should ,n nd imperfections, undoubtedly, in anther ring, made with care, in irnitaon of this. Rut they would not be the line ting: they would not have the ime imperfections. Either ring, used pon a waxen tablet, would leave the npress of its own individuality. I " ever saw another ring like this one: I ever saw one which the merest novice ^ ould not distinguish from this by the lost casual glance. But if there were thousand rings so like this that the npractlced eye would see them all like. I woukl still swear uwi iuisuub lade this impression on this cake of ax: tlie minute imperfections of the ing are reproduced with marvelous ecu racy upon the wax. And see," aplying the ring to the wax, "the parts t perfectly." "That is all." said the prosecuting ttorney. "I have no questions to ask," said ddrich. "We will recall Dr. Wei ton for a noment or two." said the attorney ir the prosecution. v To him. when lie had taken his place, e said: "You assisted in removing the dead ody of Mrs. Craig from the bed in v hleh it was found?" "I did." t, "Did you see the articles upon the able near her bed?" "I distinctly remember seeing the rticles. but 1 did not touch or exatnne them." "You were In the room most of the ,] ime until the arrival of the detective?" "I was. Miss Webb and myself greed, before any other than myself t iad arrived in answer to her message j ent by the driver of a passing team, j hat one or the other of us should renain In th<> room constantly. When r he went out, I always remained un- j il she returned?" "Were the articles upon the table c emoved or meddled with, in your iresenee. before the arrival of Mr. c Tier?" a "No. sir." t "Was Mrs. Craig enceinte at the time ( f her death?" , "She wan." I "That Is all." ( Aldrleh declined to cross examine. t The iroseeutlon recalled Matilda Yebb. ( "You assisted In removing Mrs. ?raig from the bed in which you found ler dead?" i "1 did." "Who arrived lirst after you gave the I darm?" t "Dr. Welton." "Did you agree with him that one of i ou should remain in the room until \ he detective came?" \ "I did." "What were your reasons for doing j :o?" "My chief reasons were these; I had 1 >een Mrs. Craig's most intimate ser- ] ant: my relations with her had been f ilmost those of friendship instead of hose of a servant to a mistress; so I vanted to be near her. Then Dr. Weliin had been her good friend?and nine; it was a comfort to have him t tear us." i "Did the theory of murder?the in tinct of caution?influence you?" "I suppose so, some; though I \ couldn't realize that any one could be so wicked as to kill my dear, good mistress." "You kept your agreement with the doctor?" "Indeed I did. No matter how long he remained away, I never left the room while he was gone." "Were articles in the room disturbed while you were present?" "No, sir. That Is, there was nothing done except to remove h^r#body from the bed, place it upon a long table which was brought from another room, and prepare it properly for the coffin." "You were naturally interested in seeing what articles were about the room which might serve as clews to the detective when he arrived?" "Certainly." "And yet you touched none of them?" "I did not. I had a vague Idea that their very positions might tell the de:eetive something. So I did not move iny of them." "You perhaps noticed carefully what utides were to be seen?" "I noticed some. The truth of the natter is, that I was too busy to look riuch?too busy with my hands, I nean." "You had time to think?" "I did. I had time to think until bought was almost a torture." "Of what did you think? Of some >f the articles you did see?" "Yes, sir; a part of the time." "Did you see the article of dress on vhich Mrs. Craig had been working?" "I did." "DP you remember now what you hought when you saw it?" "I thought how industrious Mrs. ?raig had been. You know?or a wonan would, perhaps you don't?that here is a great deal of work on that rarment, which she had nearly finshed." "Yes: well?" "Well, she hadn't commenced that vhen I went away." "Then you are sure she worked at ler sewing: while you were away?'' "I am." "And sure that she must have used ler bees wax?" "Yes, sir; and there is this strange hlng to say; I am sure she used a ake of wax which had never been ised before." "How do you kn<ny? Please e.\ilain." "Mrs. C'raig bought two cakes of rax a few weeks before. I was with ier when she bought them. One she ook to use. throwing away the little ragment which remained .from the one he had used before; the other she aid aside in a bureau drawer. I freluently helped Mrs. Craig with her ewing, although she always allowed ne plenty of time for doing my own ewing. I had a cake of wax of my wn, and usually made use of that: ometimes, however, I used hers. On laturday I packed up my things in a mall satchel preparatory to the visit had received permission to make. I ,-as going where the others would have heir work about in the evening to how and talk about, if nothing more; aturally enough I took my own. When arrived there I found, to my surrise, that I had taken Mrs. Craig's ake of wax as well as my own. So I now that she must have used her ew cake during my absence, and I now she had never used it before." "Thank vou. that is all." Aldrich had no questions to ask. "We call George Arnold," said the iwyer for the proseoution. Senn looked up with a startled look pon his face. He turned very white, o white that one wondered how he ould have been thought pale before, ie let his gaze fall alinost instantly, le buried his face in his hands. He ank down into his chair, a quivering urlesque on the name of Man. The new witness, a stranger t? niost f the people of Booniville. was duly worn. The examination began. "What is your name?" "George Arnold." "Your age?" "I am forty year* of age." "Where do you reside?" "At Blankford." "How long have you resided there?" "For fifteen years." "What is your business?" "I am the railroad station agent." "Were you in the same position ten ears ago?" "I was." "Hid you know Mrs. Craig?" "I knew her well by sight, and I ras also slightly acquainted with her." "Do you remember the time of her leath?" "I do." "Do you know Gilbert Senn?" "I have seen him before?" "When did you first see him?" "On the Sunday before Mrs. Craig's leath." "How are you certain?" "I ina.de a memorandum of certain hings connected with my meeting him. remember the events themselves, towever, without that aid- And the late has always been firmly fixed in ny mind because of its connection with drs. Craig's death," "You did not find it necessary to onsult your memorandum, then?" "No, sir. I did consult it. before oining here, so that I might favor the iccused, if it were possible, in the tesimony I knew I should he called up>n to give. I found I could not speak f events as I wished I was able t<?: found the record was exactly, in very respect, as I remember the vents to have happened." "Very well. Where did you first see lilhert Senn?" "At the railroad station." "You mamy describe his nppearinee." Senn raised his head for a moment. He leaned forward, touched Aldrlehon lie arm. "For God's sake?" lie began. b*3t Vldrlch rudely shook his hand away, vlthout saying a word <>r turning tovard him. "Mr. Senn was what you would call i trump, I suppose," said Mr. Arnold: 'he was worn and sick, he said, and he ooked it. His clothing was ragged. He said he had neither money nor 'nod: he had had no food for a day." "Well, what did he say to you?" "He asked for work." "Did you give hint work?" "I did not. He did not look able :o do much, and, besides, I had nothng for him to do." "What did you do?" "I offered to buy a handsome ring he vore." "A ring? What did you offer him?" [ offered him ten dollars." "It must have been valuable. Will you describe it?" "It was a gold ring, with a white stone setting. On the stone were engraved an anchor, a woman's head, and the letter 'S.' " "Did he accept your offer?" "He did not. He said the ring was given him by his mother. His manner was strange. It excited my suspicions. I thought it possible he had stolen the ring. I coaxed him to allow me to take it for a little time. I had a piece of soft shoemaker's wax in the office. I took an impression of the ring, thinking it might be advertised for by some one who had lost it. And then " "Well; and then?" "I was ashamed of my suspicions. The man seemed honest, after all. i offered to give him a dollar; he refused (it as a gift, but accepted it as a load- Then he left the station." "Thf station at Rlankford is at one side osf the town, Is it not?" "It &s." "Where did the tramp go? Up the track? Down the track? Into town? <iw. nriioMAO" 111(11 lilt' IM Mill I | V . u line . "He wont Into the country." "In the direction of Mr?f Craig's residence.?" "Yes, sir." "Did he take the road which would lead him past her residence?" "He did." "How fat- out did she live?" "About three miles." "Have you ever seen Gilbert Senn since?" "Not until today." "What did you first hear regarding Constance Craig's death?" "I heard that she was murdered." "Of what, did you think then?" "Of my interview with the tramp; I wondered whether he was guilty." "What did you hear next?" "That one of the doctors, all the local authorities, and most of the neighbors, believed her death to have been a natural one. It was said that the detective had little to say, but that people thought he favored the idea of the death being due to natural causes." "That drove your suspicions frorp your mind?" "Certainly." "You have the wax-impression you made of Senn's ring?" "I have. Strangely enough, I have always preserved it. It js here." "We offer it in evjdence. Now you may state how it happens that you are here to testify ip this case." "I found an advertiserpept, a few days since, ip a E}os{on paper of recept "You may read the advertisement." "It is as follows: " 'Personal?If any one, anywhere, sa\y or knew of a person who, ten years ago, wore a gold ring,, with a white stone setting, on which were engraved an anchor, a woman's head and a letter 'S,' that individual will serve the -cause of justice, and may save an irm^eent Ife, by appearing to testify regarding the same in the case of the trial of Gilbert Senn for the murder of the unfortunate gentlewoman Constance Craig. Please address, with full particulars, the undersigned, at either Boomville, Maine, or Boston, Massachusetts, J, B. Prier.'" "You communicated with Mr. Prier?" "I did." "It became evident that you could supply the missing link jn the chain of evidence?" "Yes, sir, and so I am here." "You may take the witness," said the lawyer to Aldrieh. Aldrioh questioned eagerly: "Did the tramp give you his name?" "He dir. He said that his name was Gilbert Senn. 1 recognize hint as the same man." "He told you the truth then?" "Yes, sir," ' Did ho ever nav vou the dollar he borrowed?" "He did." "When?" "About one month after he borrowed it. The pay came by mail to me." "That is ail." Simple questions; sirpple answers, But after them the spectators were willing' to wait?willing to let law's way be their way. So far as that had the tide of human sympathy turned 'h Senn's favor. Mr. Silverfon was recalled: "Please state whether the impression upon the piece of shoemaker's wax was made by the ring you have .jocamined today." Mr. Silverton examined the ring and the new waxen record with great care and .attention. "This ring made this impression." he said. "And that Is our case." said the prosecuting attorney; "the state has no more evidence to present." No more! N'n more. Indeed! As though one long, unbroken line of hapless human beings, some guilty, some Innocent, has not been going down the rugged road of circumstantial evidence to the gallows?ever since man became civilized enough to use that civilised instrument of justice? at the door of not one In a thousand of whom so heavy a load of proof as had heen found against Gilbert Senn had ever been laid. No more! No more! It was enough for Justice?If Senn was guilty. It was enough for madness?If he was innocent. ( nee more the tide of popular opinion was turning In his favor?turning us it turns front condemnation to pity when men sign petitions for reprieves or pardons?turning as the opinions of men turn when the words which express them are whispered above graves?turning as our feelings turn when we no longer say In anger what a man Is, hut repeat regretfully V. nni lit- M CIJ*. <>nce more the name of Gilbert Senn was called; he must arise and testify in his own behalf. Once more there was no hope for him, no hope whatever, except that which came because of the ability of his once friend?Walter Aldrlch. And he knew, the spectators knew, the judge and the jury knew, that Walter Aldrlch. the Lawyer, could do nothing for him. The jury had decided the case already, on the evidence given: Senn could see that in their faces. The judge was mentally revolving the words with which he intended to introduced his sentence?trying to think how lie might be severe enough in his denunciation of so cowardly and atrocious a crime?endeavoring to decide upon some little measure of comfort and consolation to offer a man who was to hang by his neck until he was dead. And Senn and all the rest? A id rich, too, with the others?could not fail to see what was expressed in the face of the judge. The Lawyer had no more to do; the Lawyer could only make a bad matter worse. But Senn knew, what no other person there except Aldrich could know, that the Man Alrdieh could save him if he would. 1 Would he? Would the bravery which had kept him from the cruel engine wheels be > hravo nnpa mnre? | a single piece of wood, sometimes, of { several pieces; perhaps it was of wood e I alone, or it might be backed by sinew i or by the skin of some animal. The s material for the weapon wgs gather- | ed, says Forest and Stream, whenever g it was possible, and a man might have t in his lodge a number of sticks each of j which he intended ultimately to fashion into a bow, or if he did not live i long enough for this the bow wood t would descend to his heirs. As the e most important implement of hunter g or warrior the bow was highly valued, j Bows of bone were made sometimes j of sections of the rib of large animals, a spliced and glued together and were usually backed by sinew. Those of the r antler of the elk were sometimes in a g single piece, and at other times in sec- e tions, bevelled at the ends and neatly j glued and spliced. Bows, of horn were c often made of several pieces similarly glued and spliced, but the horns of the \ mountain sheep were sometimes cut a into long, and slender rods which were r laid together, glued and backed by r si pew, * t Another type of sheep horn bow r was in a single piece, the horn being o cut in a spiral from base of horn to f\ point, this spiral being steamed or s boiled and then straightened and caus- r ed to dry straight. Bows such as these* s were unusual, but they were also very s powerful, and never wore out. On the (| other hand, It is said that bows made t of bone or of antler were more for show than for use. They were good to look at and for a time were effective, but after a few years became dry and ^ brittle. r Next to the how. and In fact so ^ much a part of It that It cannot be separated from It, is the arrow, a complex Implement the development of { which we may Imagine to have been g very slow, and which no doubt was well advanced toward its present form before the bow was thought of. We ^ may fancy the arrow to be the outgrowth of a simple stabbing Instrument. which developed into a dart to ^ be thrown, similar to certain toys still in use among the children of our ^ plains Indians. The arrow consisted of three essen- ^ tial parts, the head, the shaft and the feathers. Sometimes the shaft was j compound, consisting of more than one piece of wood. The primitive head was very various. The feathering is comparatively a modern invention, so C much so that today traditions exist as to its development and the various steps toward the Improved feathering of modern times are given. Rven within the last forty or fifty years the chil- f dren among our wilder tribes have employed very primitive forms of ar- j rows, using In their hunting of little birds arrows without heads and having merely a sharpened, fire hardened point, arrows without feathers and again arrows feathered after Xnd earlier I method, of which, as practiced by adults, we know only bv tradition. i. The bowstring was usually made of twisted sinew, sometimes put on the 8 bow green and allowed to dry there. a In the southwest, however, the string c was sometimes made of. vegetable fi- ^ bre. In other sections it might he made s of strips of rawhide or Intestines of " animals. 0 The bow and Its arrows were almost 8 I. always carried on the back in cases 1 made of the skins of animals. The bow f case was a long and narrow bag, just a wide enough to admit the unstrung 1 bow. Immediately beneath that and 1 parallel to it. both cases usually being v attached to a stiff rod of wood nearly ' as long as the quiver, was the shorter, wider bag for the arrows. It was slight- a ly longer than the arrow, and when " arrows were to be drawn from it they v were grasped about the feathers, so as 0 to prevent this important part of the f dart from being ruffled. 11 Among the plains tribes in old times r the best quivers and bow cases were a made from the skin of the otter, but s the hide of the panther was also high- ^ ly valued for this purpose, and bow cases and quivers were frequently * made from the hide of the buffalo a calf. In later times tlie skins of cattle c were used for the same purpose, and -s the pack train of the seventh cavalry '1 I have an old bow case and quiver h made from the skin of a mule, one of f killed at the time of the Custer tight. s .t* The only country in the world 1 where the fashions in women's dress do 11 not change is Japan. . ? , t Jt" In Norway they hold balls on the ^ ice, and the young men and women v have reached a point of skill where on 11 the ice they can go through the most complicated figures of the dance. n Would the strong: will which had ' crushed down the nameless horror of 1 impending: violence in the courtroom ' that very day be strongly resolute? once more? 1 Aldrich was on his feet, lie was 1 pale as death. He had called his wit- 1 ness once, called him as a Lawyer. He ' called him again: ' "Gilbert Senn." ' " 'You will find the widow ready to ' to hear that which the wife may not listen to.' Oh, Walter! Walter!" { groaned Senn, In an agonized whisper. 1 which no one heard. And ' What was that? What were those ' li..? ii'ni'rla tt'hl/Oi ivhiunoi-rd In n voice which was lower still? Consider- ' ing what lie ims done, remembering his 1 marriage with the woman who had < promised to lie the wife of Walter Aid- ^ rich we must he mistaken In thinking 1 he said, "Traitor! coward!" must we 1 not? 1 Senn staggers to his feet. He will ' try to face the future bravely. ' Is he about to endure martyrdom? once more? 1 To be Continued. I INDIAN BOW AND ARROW. Materials From Which They Were ( Made?The Quiver. j The bows .of the North American j Indians were made of wood, bone or j I QnmotStYioa tho nntr urac marlo nf ? iUiSffltanrous grading. MEXICO'S "FOURTH." It Was On September 16 that She Was Freed. Americans who love to make both night and day gloriously hideous on our cherished day of liberty, our noisy Fourth of July, listen a moment on the 16th of next September while your sister Mexicanos pour out their glad and noisy rejoicings in memory of freedom from oppressions far worse than yours?the oppression of a Spanish master. The Toltecs and Aztecs, before the Spanish came, prospered in their land, raising corn and cotton, building roads, temples and cities and decorating them with the mineral wealth of the country. In 1325 the Aztecs founded the City of Mexico. Its wealth was told to the Spaniards and in 1540 all Mexico was governed by Spanish viceroys?not for the purpose of teaching these people self-government and bettering their political and economic conditions. No! No! From this time on for three centuries Mexico was worked as a Spanish uxine. The natives were slaves?for?lgn trade forbidden them?yet the Indian spirit of freedom lurked in this newly formed Spanish-Indian race ind it was fanned by the wars of Na poleon. They rebelled in 1810 under :he leadership of Hidalgo, a country priest, and became free. On September 16, 1810, at 11 o'clock in the evening, he declaration of Independence was dgned and the Grito, the cry of Independence, rang out loud and clear: 'Viva la Libertad! Viva la Republica! Viva Mexico!" September 16, 1910, will mark the >ne hundreth anniversary of Mexcan freedom and the land will be in loliday attire. Each year the Mexcans, where they are found in ahy lumbers, make this a great festal lay, apd not this day alone?the celibratlon may last two or three days, rhis year the 10th fell on a Monday, Lpd the celebration in an Arizona minng town began on Sunday by permisilon of the mayor. The town was a ihtze of green, white and red, the dexican colors. The band, each Instrument tuned ndependently of the others, had pracised faithfully for a week or more (very evening and was well ready for Sunday. The anvils boomed, the band ilayed?played all day and all things, >unctuated by the Mexican national dr, a slow, mournfull, melancholy air. 'America, My Country," was recogdzed among the others. The prorramme took no account of firecrackts. In fact a firecracker was not leard. The Mexicans delight in feats ?f physical strength and oratory. The Sunday programme included lorse-races, fifty yard dash for boys Lnd one for arirls nie race and notato ace for boys, miners and smelter's ace, greased pole, wheel barrow and hree legged races; then the donkey act, to some spectators the feature if the day. Not used to starting at the Iring of the guns, nor indeed, at any lgnal save the spur and goad, and lot at all accustomed to the rate of peed expected of them on this occaion, the donkeys each started when t seemed good to him, stopped to proest against the spur and lash, trotted . little and walked a little, and stopped while the crowd screamed and the ider beat the hard little flanks with ils strap. The gray donkey won the ace and his rider won the stakes, 'he rider treated his friends at the aloon near the goal, but the donkey lad not even a melon rind. The prizes or the races ranged all the way from 15 to $1.50. The celebration in the venlng Included stirring patriotic peeches, b^th in Spanish and EngIsh, and the 'reading of the Declarration of Independence of Mexico" nd singing of the national hymn, 'his hymn in the original Is a most ieautiful production, which translalon Into English mars somewhat: it the loud cry of war all assemble, Then your swords and your steeds all prepare, ind the earth to Its centre shall tremble When the cannon's deep roar rends the air. )h, my country, entwine on thy temples Boughs of olive so fresh and so vernal. When Inscribed in the heavens eternal 1 leased peace for the land thou dost see. lut If stranger and foe In their boldness Dare to tread on thy soil they must perish. Then my country, this thought only cherish. Cvery son is but a soldier to thee. On Monday came the grand parade, leaded by two flags side by side?the ;reen. white and red bars of Mexico nd the stars and stripes. A motley rowd of swarthy Mexicans, Indian naves and red gowned barefooted quaws, with a generous sprinkling f palefaces, made way for the flags ?i ireeaom. ineii tame me uuonj ;oddess of liberty and her maids in ler wagon of state drawn by four iroud old horses, all decked elaboritely in green, red and white. Behind his came the gayly decorated float of he singers, maidens gowned in white rith sashes of the national colors, "his was all of the parade proper. Boys, barefooted, blue overalled nd slouch hatted, girls in green, red nd white gowns and sashes; men anc. romen in their holiday best colors losed in to follow to the grand stand or more music and speaking. Last, lot a part of the celebration and unloticed by all but a Californian. came procession of wood laden donkeys? low, steady stepping, heads down, no loliday. The wood supply of the town s brought in on the backs of these ough, slow, long eared little beasts, nd thev must keen busy. The pro ession gone, traffic begins again, ince the American stores are all open, "he grocery delivery boy leads his lorse to the post before the store, astens the burden baskets or either ide of the saddle, fills them, mounts o his seat on the flanks of his horse nd begins the afternoon delivery. The lexicon celebration goes on. The nalonal hymn is sung, stanza by stanza. ?y the clear voiced Mexican beauties chile the band plays the accompaninent. It all ends at last, and again the light is peaceful except for the many poor wfetches who have Jollied too much and are trying to fall up the hill to their one roomed homes. The Mexicans. old and young, assemble at the ball. The goddess of liberty leads the grand march. There are some waltzes, some twosteps and some stately Spanish minuets. Parents and children, old and young, all Join In the dance. Babes are there, nursing at their mothers' breasts durlng"*the Intervals. All Is happy, care forgotten, and tomorrow has no place here with the green, white and red.?San Francisco Chronicle. SECRET MISSIVES. Solutions That Produce Writing Invisible Until Treated. Ovid, in his "Art of Love," teaches young women to deceive their guardians by writing their love letters with new milk and to make the writing appear by rubbing coal dust over the paper. Any thick and viscous fluid, such as the glutinous and colorless Juices of plants, aided by any colored powder, will answer the purpose equally well. A quill pen should bo used. The most common method is to pen an epistle in ordinary ink, interlined with the invisible words, which foubtless has given rise to the expression, "reading between the lines,*' in order to discover the true meaning of a communication. Letters written with a solution of gold, silver, copper, tin or mercury dissolved in aqua fortis, or, simpler still, of Iron or lead In vinegar, with water added until the liquor does not stain the white paper, will remain invisible for two or three months if kept in the dark, but on exposure for some hours to the open air will gradually acquire color or will do so instantly on being held before the Are. Each of these solutions gives its own peculiar color to the writing?gold a deep violet, silver slate, and lead and copper brown. There is a vast number of other solutions that become visible on exposure to heat or when having a heated iron passed over them. The explanation is that the matter is readily burned to a sort of charcoal. Simplest among these are lemon juice and mfllr Hut tha Ann t ho t nrnrliiAOU tVio best results is made by dissolving a scruple of sal ammoniac In two ounces of water. Several years ago Professor Braylants of the University of Louvian discovered a method in which no Ink at all was required to convey a secret message. He laid several sheets of note paper on each other and wrote on the uppermost with a pencil, then selected one of the under sheets on which no marks of writing were visible. On exposing this sheet to the vapor of Iodine for a few minutes it turned yellowish, and the writing appeared of a violet brown color. On further moistening the paper It turned blue, and the letters showed in violet lines. The explanation is that note paper contains starch, which under pressure becomes "hydramlde" and turns blue in the iodine fumes. It is best to write on a hard surface, say a pane of glass. Sulphuric acid gas will make the writing disappear again and it can be revived a second time. # One of the simplest secret writings, however, to which Professor Gross of Germany calls attention as being used In prisons, is the following: Take a sheet of common writing paper, moisten It well with clear water and lay It on a hard, smooth surface, such as glass, tin, stone, etc. After removing carefully all air bubbles from the sheet place upon it another dry sheet of equal size and write upon It your communication with a sharp pointed pencil or a simple piece of pointed hard wood. Then destroy the dry paper upon which the writing has been done and allow the wet paper to dry by exposing it to the air, but not to the heat of fire or the flame of a lamp. When dry not a trace of the writing will be visible. But on moistening the sheet again with clear water and holding It against the light the writing can be read In a clear transparency. It dlssapears again after drying in the air and may be re- ' produced by moistening, a great number of times. Should the sheets be too much heated, however, the writing will disappear, never to reappear again.?Chicago-Record-Herald. JOHNSON BOOMING RAPIDLY. His Managers Say That He Is Much Stronger Than Bryan. Governor Johnson's avowed candidacy for the presidential nomination has interested Democratic statesmen here as nothing else since the visit of Mr. Bryan. A* that time the peerless leader bottleu . p his enemies so effectually that all osition to his nomination apparently vanished; but when the Impudent Minnesota Democrats got together and placed their governor squarely before the country, long pent-up feeling began to come to the surface. "Ninety per cent of the Democratic representatives in congress are against Bryan if they only dare say so," said a leading Democrat today. "They have kept quiet because they had nowhere else to go. but Just let a few states come out squarely for Johnson and It will be all off for Bryan, so far as his opponents here are concerned." \V. B. Hennessy, formerly editor of the St. Paul Globe, Is in Washington stirring up the Johnson sentiment. He says he Is delighted with the encouragement he has had. "I have talked with no less than forty Democratic congressmen in the last twenty-four hours." he safd today, "and every one of them is against Bryan. I don't mean that they dislike Bryan personally; but they are convinced he hasn't a ghost of a show to win." The strength of the Johnson eandi dacy. according to Mr. Hennessy, Is that he can carry Republican states and Br van cannot. He stands well with the labor element ard the negro, both of which are very important factors this year, and he has in addition a Swedi-h support which is counted on to arry Minnesota. Wisconsin. Nort'i end South Dakota, and even Illinois, where there is said to be a Swedish vote of not less than 4ft,000. Ex-Senator William A. Harris, who was announced a month or more ago as the real organizer of the Johnson campaign, is quoted as raying that Johnson could carry Kansas if the proper fight were made.?Washington dispatch to Brooklyn Eagle.