Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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A ISSUED SEMI-WEEKLY. l. m. grist s sons, Publishers. J % <JfamiIg JiEtrspapEr: jfor (he Jiromolion of (liE political, Social. Agricultural and iComntercial Interests of the people. {TE ^oLE'jjSA.Vi*! ckst?VA*' K , ESTABLISHED 1855. . ~ "~ YORKYILLE. S. C., FRIDAY, MARCH 20,'f908. ^TQ. 23. 1 "in iii m an an an an an an an "i I "* L; ei t I By CLARENCE ^ WWWIWWIWIfWWWIWIfflTWI'WI CHAPTER XI. What Aldrich Did. The prosecuting attorney turned to ^ Prier. It would not have been surprising if he had been seriously disturbed and mentally shaken, considering what had been the effect on the jury and on the spectators of Dr. Welton's evidence. I know it is a theory of law that the state seeks justice, and that the state's attorney Is the consistent ? servant and agent of the state. The theory* is excellent?very excellent; but - ? to ttonolltr tniA thnf the Ill pi aL'IK C 11 !.-> w- ..X lawyer is human enough to wish success. whether that happens to mean justice or its opposite. Added to that % general truth, was the fact that the prosecuting attorney in this case knew that the evidence of a man like Welton should have been convincing. But the lawyer appeared perfectly calm and unconcerned. Perhaps it was because he would not show annoyance or defeat; possibly he borrowed something of coolness from Frier's manner; it may be that he felt as he appeared, knowing what Prier would say. "Your name is Prier, I believe?" "J. B. Prier." I* "Where do you reside?" "In Boston." "What is your business?" "I am a detective." "You knew Constaiice Craig?" "I did. She was my half sister." (A sensation in the court room, Senn falling in the estimation of the onlookers; don't ask me why; I am not onnnch of a nsvcholoerist to answer for ?. them.) "You remember hearing1 of her death?" "I do." When?" "On the Tuesday morning following * the Monday named in the indictment as the probable date of the murder." "Where." "At the office of the detective agency by whom I am employed." "In what way was the news sent?" | "By telegram." "Do you remember the substance of ^ the telegram?" "I have the telegram itself here." "We offer the telegram in evidence You may read it." "It says, 'Constance Craig has been found murdered; send good detective.' + It is signed 'Oscar Welton, M. D." "You answered the telegram in person." * ' "I did." "How did it happen that you went, instead of some one else?" "It was my request." 'Because of your being a relation of the murdered lady?" * "That was my reason for wishing to go.* "Was your request granted promptly and readily?" "It was." "You may state, if you please, the ^ way in which your services were regarded by those with whom you were nno-ncrA/l '* "I was considered a pood detective." "One of their best?" "I think so." "Likely to have any reasonable request granted?" "Certainly." ^ "And one whose opinions were entitled to weight?" "Yes." "When did you arrive at the residence of your deceased half-sister?" "Early that Tuesday evening." fp "Whom did you meet?" "I met Dr. Oscar Welton. a younger gentleman who was introduced to me as a physician. Miss Matilda Webb, and several person from families living In the vicinity." "You heard the testimony of Miss Webb and Dr. Welton given here today?" "I did." "They are the persons you met at * the residence of Constance C'raig the evening after the murder?" "They are." "Are the stories they told today substantially the same as those they told - you soon after your arrival." "They are substantially the same." "Did the doctor refer to the telegram you received and acted upon?" "He did: I showed it to him: he admitted having sent it." 'The telegram says, "Constance Craig has been found murdered." Did he ever express any doubt to you as to the cause of her death?" "Never." "In look or act. if not in words?" y "In no way whatever." "Do you believe he had. at any time, any doubt of the truth of the assertion he made in the telegram he sent you?" "I do not." ^ "You knew of the opinion of the other practitioner, the one who was away attending to other duties when you arrived?" A smile flashed across the sombre countenance of the detective, much as you have seen a sudden flash of lightning illume the front of a dark cloud for a moment in a tempestuous night. "I heard of what he said." was the 4 quiet answer?" "Will you please state your opinion of him?" Aldrich was on his feet in a moment. "We object." he cried; "we want facts, not opinions." # "I do not care to give my opinion of the doctor." said Prier. dryly. "We will not press the question," said the prosecuting attorney: "the doctor is of little consequence. My learned friend shall have facts?all the facts he wants." Then he turned toward Prier. again, with another question: "You went Into the room where the dead lady lay?" "I did, at once." "Had the room been disturbed after finding her dead?" "She had been removed from the bed. of course, and prepared for burial. Other than that, so I was informed, and so your witnesses will testify, the contents of the room had been left undis i I BOUTELLE. I t Fwywfwwwiywwwfwi m m m i turbed, in order that I might carefully study whatever the murderer had left In the way of clews or traces." "You may state what you found first." "The first thing of importance which I found in the room where the lady had been killed was a fragment of a bloodred stone, which I recognized as a piece of the setting of an old-fashioned silver ring which she had been in the habit of wearing regularly for many years." "Where did you find It?" "Under a small table which stood near the bed." "How far from the bod was the table?" "It was finite near the bed. <iuite near the head of the bed: I should say it was about eighteen Inches distant." "Were you certain that the fragment you found was a part of Constance Craig's ring?" "I was quite certain." "You may say why." "Because I was very familiar with the ring." "And how did it happen that you were familiar with the ring?" "I owned the ring for more than a year. I gave it to Constance Craig." "Have you had any reason since to change your opinion?" "No, sir." "To confirm and strengthen it?" "Yes, sir." "You may state what." "I have found Constance Craig's ring." "Ah! About how long ago?" "Within a month." "With a fragment missing?" "With a part of the setting missing. ' and the fragment I found in Constance Craig's room exactly fits and completes it!" j "Very well, very well. And is this ring one of those to which reference is made in the document which Gilbert Senn signed?" "It is." "One of the rinKs which it has been agreed between the prosecution and the defense shall be admitted to have been in Senn's possession?" "Yes, sir." "You are sure the ring is the same?" "I am sure." "Did you mention the finding of the fragment to any one at the time?" "No, sir." "Not to Dr. Welton, nor Miss Webb, nor any of the authorities?" "No, sir." "You may state why you did not." "I concluded that the murderer might hear of the opinion advanced by the physician who went away before' my arrival; indeed, I had reason to believe that his opinion would be made very prominent by himself and his friends: I found the authorities were inclined to side with him. I reasoned f that the murderer was very likely an ignorant person, a man who would suppose that Constance Craig's death would be accepted as natural because there was no terrible wound upon her. I desired the murderer to feel secure and easy, to the end that he might be careless, and so betray himself. So I said nothing regarding what I found. And I took no pains to contradict the general impression regarding the manner in which the unfortunate lady 1 died." ] "YOU expecit-u, men, mill }UU nuuiu find the murderer in a short time?" ; "I hoped to." "You would have told what you had j found if you had supposed it would ^ help bring the murderer to justice?" "Certainly I should." I "You may tell, if you please, what theory you formed regarding the breaking of the stone in the ring." "Wait a moment:" cried Aldrich, ris- , ing to his feet. "We object to that. We | don't want this man's theories; he ] should confine himself to the facts." "I feel." said the prosecuting attorney, addressing the judge, "that the question is a fair and just one, and that I should have a right to Insist upon an answer; the work of a detective can only be systematic and logical when it is based upon some sort of a theory. Between the meagre facts which he finds waiting for him at the place where secret crime has done its evil work, and the Just punishment which he helps bring home to the guilty, there is always found a series of observations, examinations, comparisons. tests, etc.. which demand time and hard labor on the part of the pa tknt detective. All this work must he done with definite reasons in his mind for every step?or the results will be unsatisfactory. We wish to know not only what Mr. Frier saw and what he did, but what he thought and felt as well; we wish to know the results leached by his trained and experienced judgment in work of this sort, and we are as willing to abide the natural consequences of any mistakes he may have to confess, as we are anxious to take advantage of those particular instances in which his judgment shall be shown to have been correct. The theories of the detective are as definite as those of the chemist; each must sometimes try more than one experiment before he finds himself right: each must sometimes follow a train of thought and reasoning which later events show must be abandoned; but in the same way that we can only appreciate fully the results of the labors of the analytical chemist when we understand what he has done at every step?and why?so we shall find the clearest understanding of the results of Mr. Frier's work possible only when we know what theories he formed, and what he did to test and prove them." Aldrich addressed the judge. "The work of the detective is very different from the work of the chemist," he said. "One is science?the other is not: a detective's theory is a guess?only that and nothing more? and I do not propose to have my client endangered by some man's guesswork ?even though that man be as shrewd and keen as is Mr. Frier." "I submit," said the prosecuting attorney; "not because my friend has convinced me. but because I entered upon this case with a firm determination to have the results of the trial final. Our case is so strong that we can afford to be generous. I am determined that the defense shall have no grounds upon which to base a motion for a new trial when we have convicted the accused. So, your honor, while I feel sure that you would decide in our favor, I will, if you will permit, withdraw my question. I will endeavor to confine my questions within limits which even my learned friend, the lawyer for the defense, will be unwilling to object to." (Immense satisfaction in the court room. I am not lawyer enough to decide whether the prosecution had been generous?or only shrewd; are you? You can guess how the spectators regarded it. The tide was going down? down?down. Gilbert Senn was once more a red-handed rascal, for whom hanging was too good.) The examination of the witness was continued: "You may state how long ago you gave the ring to Constance Craig?" "About twenty-five years ago." "That would be some fifteen years before her death?" "Yes, sir." "You bad seen it frequently after giving it to her?" "Yes, sir; I saw her very often, and I never saw her without the ring upon her finger." "How old was she at the time of her death?" "About twenty-five years of age." "She had the ring when she was a little girl of ten, or about that age, did she?" "She did." "Do you remember how it fitted her, when you gave it to her?" "It was a good fit. I remember distinctly her trying it on. It was just a fit. She asked me to give it to her. I did so." "She was a strong, active girl, was she not?" "She was." "Fond of play?" "Yes, sir." Sometimes rougn and vioieni in ner play?" "Yes, sir; sometimes." "I presume the blood-red stone got *ome hard knocks during her girlPood ?" "Yes, indeed." "Possibly she sometimes let it fall upon the floor?" "I have heard her speak of such occasions." "But it wasn't broken until the night >f her death?" "I suppose not. It was whole, to my certain knowledge, a month before. She vould scarcely have allowed the broken fragment to remain under her table ever a single night, even, if she had croken it by accident." "Do you know how the ring fitted her diortly before her death?" "I do. For months it had been so , ight that she could not remove it." "Did you examine the finger on which t had been worn?" "After her death? Yes, I did." "State what you found." "The finger was torn and lacerated. :t looked " "We object," said Aldrich: "we don't ! vant any theories or guesses smuggled into this testimony." "Very well," said the prosecuting at- ( :orney. "we will use every effort to ceep them out. You may tell, Mr. Prier, whether a ring?some ring?had seen recently removed from that finder. and by violence?" "There had been." "You are sure? You will swear to :hat?" "I am sure. I do swear to it." "Your honor, we offer the broken ring-, the fragment which fits the broken stone, and the document signed by r?enn, all in evidence. Mr. Prier, will rou tell me what else you found which ivas of interest?" "I found Constance Craig's sewing materials upon the table, to which I have referred." "The table which was close to the head of the bed?" "Yes, sir." "What articles were upon the table?" "A pair of scissors, two spools of thread, half a dozen pins, a cake of bees-wax. and the article at which she had been at work." "And what article had she been at work upon?" "An infant's dress." (The spectators bent forward in breathless attention.) "An infant's dress? Was Constance C'raig a married woman?" "Mrs. Craig was a widow. Her husband died' by accident In the June before." The attorney for the prosecution moved a step or two nearer to the witness. He bent forward until his face was near that of the detective. He spoke slowly, solemnly, and he tapped with the extended forefinger of his right hand on the palm of his left as each word was uttered. But he had not moved nearer Prier for the sake of speaking' privately; his voice rang out strong and clear, filling the great room with the awful question he asked: "And so tlie man who killed Constance Craig took two lives instead of one. did lie?" There was a terrible pause. One might have fancied himself suddenly carried into watchmaker's shop, for there was absolutely no sound to be heard in all the crowded room but the ticking of the time-pieces; every breath seemed to hang silent on the lips of the on-looker whose lifeblood depended upon it for purification and renewal; the very hearts of the spectators seemed to have forgotten to beat. And then A cry burst forth from the lips of the witness, a cry which was half the sob of a long pent-up agony?half the snarl of some famished beast who sees before him the hated enemy of his kind whose body can give him food and life. The tears ran down the detective's cheeks in torrents. He could scarcely speak. He turned directly toward Senn, forgetful. semingly, for the time, of the presence of the lawyer who was questioning him. Yes," he said, in a whisper; "yes. The miserable ruffian?the pitiless fiend?killed not only Constance Craig; he killed her unborn child as well." Who can explain how the spirit of revenge, mad and unreasoning revenge, grows? Who can tell how the mob springs into life? Who? There were no shouts nor cries. If there were any oaths spoken, they were said under the breaths of those to whose lips they all too naturally came. There were no looks of doubt or hesitation. No one Malted for another. Half the men there were upon their feet at once. Gilbert Senn's life hung in the balance. Men have died again and again at the hands of others less fully convinced of guilt and less infuriated than these Mere. Gilbert Senn escaped. Hom? Not because of the authority of the judge being exercised in his behalf; the judge m*as panic-stricken and powerless. Not because the sheriff stood between him and danger; the sheriff did not care to take the lives of such earnest men as those who faced him?men m'ith whom he had been acquainted for many long years?in defense of one whose life he felt ought to be forfeit. They could have taken Senn out from the courtroom, and have handed him to a leadless tree near the window, from which the Judge could look to his home, to the schoolhouse and to the church, and 110 one among those having authority there could have prevented It. Perhaps no one of them all would have found sense and realized duty until too late to even make an attempt. But Gilbert Senn escaped. Walter Aldrich rose to his feet. The lawyer was pale as death. He laid his arm protectingly along the shoulders of the prisoner. His gaze swept over the army of angry faces before him. I do not suppose that Walter Aldrich was armed. I have no Idea that he could have kept Senn from the hands of men who had decided to take him, had they proceeded to act upon that decision. Perhaps he would not have fought for his client. He would have found fighting of little use. The angTy men faced Senn. But they did not face Senn alone; Aldrich stood before them, too, a wall between them and the horrible realization of their desire?not a strong wall?not a wall difficult to pass?but a firm and steadfast one so far as its strength did extend? a wall that would not go down until the shock came. The angry men faced the two men. AH was silent. It was the silence of a hot afternoon before the tornado strikes; the silence of the battlefield before the charge; the silence of the forest glade before the lurking beast springs upon his timid foe; the intense silence which means danger and death always?whether the pause be man's, beast's of inanimate nature's. These men were thinking of their homes, of their own wives, of their little children, of the nights when their loved ones had been alone at home exposed to the possibility of dangers as great and fates as tragic as had been the lot of Constance Craig. For a time every other thought had vanished from their minds save only the mad one that safety and security could only settle down upon Boomvllle again when Gilbert Senn was dead. And still Aldrich faced thorn. Still no word was said by any one. Then, suddenly, some man found his senses. It may be that he remembered the cruel wrong which Senn had done Aldrich, and felt ashamed to find himself less forgiving than the man who had so truly suffered at Senn's hands, it may be his thought took some other form. I do not know. I cannot say. The great God knows. One man sank back into his seat, whatever the thought which struca him down. Then another sat down, and another, and another, and a dozen, a score And Senn was safe again! Walter Aldrich had saved his life once more! It was but a little thing. But moral force is a mighty force?and a silent one. It had not been a minute since Frier's statement had so stirred the hearts of the spectators, and now they were all in their seats again?quiet?calm?silent. The judge and his officers said some simple things regarding order in court. It is not recorded that a mob came near taking an unconvicted man out from the very room in which he was having a trial according to the forms of law, and hanging him by the neck until he was dead. Such a statement in the records of a court of justice would look strange. Probably neither the judge, nor the sheriff, nor the sheriff's deputies, would willingly admit that such was the fact. But it was. Perhaps neither Prier nor the prosecuting attorney would say that their carefully planned climax of evidence came near defeating the ends of justice. and making many men murderers, in fact, in place of the one man they aimed to prove guilty. But it did. Undoubtedly the good citizens of Boomville?for they were the good citizens?would shrink from the recital of the unpleasant facts of the case. They would not like to confess that they forgot. for a little, how many cooling centuries of civilization lay between them and their hotblooded ancestors, who practiced the doctrine of "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth' in all its horrible perfection and literalness. But they did forget. The danger was none the less, that it was in the midst of silence; it was none the less, that it was soon over. The fact that judge, and jury, and sheriff, and deputies, and spectators, and witnesses, and prosecuting attorney and all, practically ignored the danger which had existed?ignored it and spoke slightingly of its possibility when it was over?made it none the less. The fact that other men. in other courts, at other times, have felt as these men did while justice has gone on unnoticing and blinded?as it did here?made the danger none the less. There was danger, real danger, desperate danger?danger for Gilbert Senn's mortal body?danger for the immortal souls of those who were ready to do so wickedly with him a* they meant, for one short minute, to do. There are two ways of telling a story ?the way of fact and the way of possibility. Men forget the one way. too often, when the way of fact is in their favor. It is easy to laugh at danger? when its presence has left no scar. An earthquake piled Lisbon In ruins; what matter? Earthquakes thunder up and down in the earth, time and again, doing no damage. And so?New York and Boston will smile when a sudden shock has passed them which has rung their bells and left their steeples rocking. One whirlwind, tossing the grasses and leaves, dies out In calm; another, scarcely strong enough to crush out the tender lives of the Dakota prairieflowers over which it whirls, grows and ^ strengthens until nothing can stand before its might; it sweeps across Min nesota, leaving one long black trail of death and destruction, and beats itself to annihilation in the woods of Wis- a consin. But this is only once or twice, t And so?we joke at wind and weather, r when the breeze is sweet and soft in i the west and there are no clouds be- s tween us and the sunshine. Vesuvius has a has thundered and threaten for eighteen ^ hundred years since Herculaneum and j Pompeii walked the dark road of ob- t livion at her command. And so?Na- c r\loc Ktnilnu Iticr ?*ho f tho lmr ror of her future may be. s Ah, well! it Is human, I doubt not. c I Let me lie to their souls, saying* it could ( never have happened. r It could. xi Two men told the truth, to them- g selves and to each other. "You?you have saved my life li again," said Gilbert Senn, leaning for- n .ward and touching the lawyer. s "Yes, I have," said Aldrich, without I turning his head. s "God bless you; God bless you," said h Senn. in a broken voice; "I hope that a ?some time?you will?will know?" v But Aldrich was no longer listening t to him. v The prosecuting attorney was ques- v tionlng Prier again, after this interval of a minute, as though nothing had b happened. I And Aldrich was following every tl word. ! p To be Continued. v ti IN PRISON FOR DEBT. f' u The Way the Law Is Made to Fit the v Case In England. c It is commonly supposed that in these days there is no imprisonment ^ for debt in England, but the supposi- c tlon is wrong, both in substance and in fact. P True, the term "imprisonment for ? debt" is done away with, perhaps be- v cause the debtor does not pay his " debt by going to prison, yet to prison he goes for it all the same, although 11 in the eyes and in the phraseology of ^ the law he goes there for "contempt w of court." whereas in ninety per cent a of such cases the poor defaulter suf- ^ rl fers his seven, fourteen or twentyeight days "close confinement" solely " because of his inability to pay the monthly sum ordered by the judge or the magistrate. p Nor, as already said, does the in- ^ carceratlon pay what is owing. For ^ If the creditor chooses to do so he can 3< have the debtor committed again 1mmediately after one term has been served and so on as long as the debt- . or lives, because the judgment goes e] on forever unless the amount of it is , paid. c. But a second commitment on the ^ sam* judgment is very rare. n At the jail in a certain eastern t( county, where the writer of this article spent fourteen days, he was not z< received quite as a felon would be, w but decidedly not as a nonlawbreak- ci er should be received and treated. u The time of arrival was 2 p. m. rr He had no dinner, so after his pock- a ets had been emptied and the articles ei tabulated he was given six ounces of a brown bread and four ounces of rr "Harriet Lane"?i. e.. tinned Austra- a llan mutton. tl He was then put into a "receiving t? cell," eight feet by four feet six s< inches, with a concrete floor six feet a below the level of the earth and de- a cidedly damp, as was proved by the h wet salt kept there for the prisoner's si use. tl Two hours later he was removed to unnthpr rppplvinp1 rpll this tlmP with tl a wooden floor, twelve feet long and c: six feet wide. At 6 o'clook there ti came his supper, a pint of weak oat- w meal gruel and eight ounces of the b ubiquitous brown bread?the staple li article of diet and the best. w His bed was a two Inch thick mat- y tress of cocoanut fibre laid on three 0 boards supported on crosspleces o about three inches from the floor. ti The bedclothes were ample hut the pillow and bed boards were of a de- e cidedly hard nature. b At a quarter to 8 a loud bell rang b to go to bed, and at 8 o'clock the gas v (in a small hole in the wall and shut t< out of a cell by a piece of thick cor- P rugated glass) was turned out. All o debtors get this treatment. On the following morning at 7.30 it there came breakfast?a pint of weak ?l tea and eight ounces if brown bread. ^ Then the doctor called. h "Are you all right?" b "Yes, thank you." And the door h clanged like a clap of thunder. t< Then came the chaplain, a clergy- k man from outside, rather old. much E crabbed and certainly unfit for his w post. He snapped like a terrier with b toothache, yet there was a growl in w his snap. <1 "Umph! What are you here for?" ' Debt." v "Debt! Umph! Why don't you be d honest and pay your debts?" And 15 the door banged louder than before. S Finally came the governor on his daily round of inspection. ^ A day's routine was simply this: ? Up at the ring of a bell at 5.45, dress In the dark: then came lights, beds " and bedding were put away, cells a and corridor swept and dusted and J* cell utensils cleaned; at 7.30 break- " fast, each prisoner being then locked in his cell till 8.30, at which time all were mustered and marched to a chapel. s' Then from chapel to cells again, to u be locked in until the governor made s< his smart pace round of Inspection, s' saying as he sped past each cell door, * "Any complaint?" but one had to be 11 there a week before the two words became clear enough to be understood. ^ When he had gone all the debtors 'r were put into a room to pick cocoa- ? nut fibre. Then came an hour's exercise in a large yard, after that dinner and another locking In till 1.30 tl p. m., followed by another hours' ex- t( ercise and more fibre picking up to 5.30. At 5.35 there was tea. when each man was again locked In till 6 o'clock next morning. ic The debtors were allowed to speak n to each other while at work and at exercise; they wore their own clothes if they wished to; there was no stip- h ulated amount of work to be done, tl and here ended the only practical ^ differences between them and the lawbreakers in the other part of the ^ prison.?Pearson's Weekly. ci ittisccUiinrous heading. (VOMAN SUFFRAGE IN ENGLAND. rhe Movement Has Reached Proportions That Are Significant. That "hell has no furv like a wornin scorned" Is being brought home to he Liberal party in England with denorallzing force. When the woman s fighting for the franchise as wild mimals fight to guard their young, ind added to that, when she is imbued vlth a stinging sense of the scorn the rnrty in power has heaped upon her, he fury becomes something to reckin with as well as to laugh at. The women who were first called uffragettes in satire and are now so ailed by choice have a Grievance big "G") against the present governnent and are acting upon it in a way inique in English history. Their xievance is this: For twenty years while the Unionists held sway the Liberals adopted nany and various war cries in their ueceedlng campaigns. Now the Jnionists made no pretences about uffrage for women. They would lave none of It and laughed It down nd Ignored it. But the Liberals who rere busily promising almost anyhlng. Included the franchise for romen in their platform. And the I'omen helped them finally to victory. It is difficult for Americans to reaise how strong a factor women are in Irltish politics. Women do not hesitate to go. among the people in a ersonal canvass for candidates, using . omanly wiles as well as political inelllgence to gain votes. Well, for orty years much feminine effort was sed to further the Liberal cause and lways the enfranchisement of woman ras one of the party's professed priniples. The Woman Suffrage Union, the Voman's Liberal federation and sevral other societies devoted themselves > the Liberal cause and helped the arty to attain office. In 1903 a new rganization was formed called the Voman's Social and Political Union? V. S. P. U. for short. Mrs. Pankhurst the organizer of tils society, is the widow of Dr. Pankurst, with whom for thirty years she orked for the emancipation of womn. It was this Dr. Pankhurst who rafted and carried through the marled woman's property act by which a tarried woman's property remains er own instead of belonging to her nuhanH With her daughter Chrlatabel, Mrs. 'ankhurst founded the W. S. P. U. ecause she was weary of the quiet (Torts of the other woman suffrage acieties and longed for more militant lethods*. At first this new Union supported y its allies, the Liberals, at every byelection and finally at the general lection in 1906. Two years ago in ame the Liberal party with a tremenous majority and an even more trelendous burden of pledges to live up >. As soon as the Liberals reached the enith of their hopes and England as under a Liberal government along ame all the various woman suffrage nlons with polite requests to cabinet llnlsters and leading statesmen that woman's suffrage bill might be talkd over, drawn up and carried through t once. Then did all the cabinet ilnisters and members of Parliament ppear to disregard or quite to forget leir preelection professions. Depultions of women from various unions night interviews with their one-time Hies, but interviews were avoided nd every member of the government ad such a burden of business of tate on his shoulders that he had no me for deputations. The Woman's Liberal Federation nd the Woman Suffrage Union were rushed by this treatment, and though ley held agitated meetings and rote agitated articles, they were eginning to sink back into that ladyke acquiescence and gentle patience hlch has marked their campaign for ears. Then stepped forward the racchi, as they are called, the three ffsprlng of that militant Roman ma on Mrs. Pankhurst. They were young, nourished on the mancipation of woman, and with the lood of the twentieth century college red athletic girl flowing in their eins. They refused in downright ?rms to submit to such treatment and roeeeded to give the Liberals a taste i new laeiiua. At a great meeting in Albert Hall 1 1906. when many leading Liberals poke. Miss Christabel Pankhurst and liss Annie Kenney, a north of Engind factory worker, rose and waving irge flags with "Votes for Women" iscribed thereon demanded of the aswished speakers: "Are you going to eep your promises to the women of Ingland? What about votes for omen?" Instant confusion and hubub followed, which ended in the two omen being carried off to jail for isorderly conduct. The next day every newspaper dented a column of wit to these offeners, and as they were not worthy of eing suffragists they became Suffraettes. That was the first taste of the fury," hut others followed. Every liberal meeting had in the audience uffragettes who interrupted imporint speeches with the reiterated and lost inconvenient question. "What bout votes for women?" Of course ?ers and ridicule were showered upon lem, yet their numbers increased and leir campaign funds swelled. The other women's societies stood little aghast at these tactics and disjointed themselves from their sister nlon whose members allowed them?lves such abandon of conduct and uch disregard of conventionalities, 'inaliy one sympathizer with the lovement attempted to put a bill irough parliament. It was to be talked out. so its lends believed, and the women hearlg this the contingent in the ladies' allery defeated their own cause by ailing out and generally upsetting flings during the debate. Just why ills tactical error was made is difficult i discover, for it really defeated the ill. The Suffragettes themselves are ret;ent on the subject but will not adllt any bad mistake. Many think liat a misunderstanding arose. Seeig and hearing are difficult behind ae grill of the ladies' gallery of the ouse of commons, and perhaps the uffragettes misinterpreted the proeedings below. After that fiasco more interrupted speeches, more imprisonments, more ridicule, yet always more and more women Joining the union and ready to do all manner of disagreeable work for the cause, and always more money pouring in from those ready to help with funds If they were too timid to contribute personal martyrdom. It should be explained that the "martyrdom" of the Suffragettes Is all purely voluntaiy. Not one of them has ever received a sentence of Imprisonment. < First offenders are ordered to fur- < nlsh bonds to keep the peace or in de- , fault to go to Jail for three or six ! | weeks. Second and third offenders 1 are fined from ten to twenty-five dol- I lars or sentenced to a month impris onment in case of non-payment. In almost all cases the offenders have i preferred to go to prison. It will be , observed that the curious anomaly has arisen that second and third offenders get a shorter term of imprisonment i than those who are merely required s to furnish recognizances for their ] good behavior. i With the closing of parliament last < summer came a temporary lull In Suf- ; fragette warfare In London, but Mrs. Pankhurst and her three daughters \ organized bands or women who traveled all over England and talked woman suffrage and the treachery of the Liberal party everywhere. And it tvas easy to And women who were willing to go Into factories and schools and churches to talk to their sisters on the rights of women to citizenship, on the injustice of taxation without representation, etc., with always a denunciation of the Liberal party, which had betrayed womanhood and broken promises. Many of the women agitators paid their own expenses during this country campaigning and the others were provided for by the society. Everywhere enthusiasts joined the suffragist ranks; from north of England homes, from factories, from ail sorts of callings and places came women to enroll themselves with the Suffragettes. In London a league of men was formed. Among the members are Lord Russell. Israel Zangwill, the Rev. R. J. Campbell, Alderman Sanderson and many other men prominent in various walks of life. Some of these supporters of the movement are not altogether in sympathy with the methods of Mrs. Pankhurst and her followers. 1 In every bye-election before the > opening of the present session of parliament the Liberals were defeated overwhelmingly. "A desire for tariff reform," say the politicians. "Our agitation fur the enfranchisement of woman." say the Suffragettes. Whatever the cause, undoubtedly the never ceasing campaigning of the leaders of the W. S. P. U. has had its effect. With the opening of parliament came more demonstrations, more agitations. Two women tried to present a petition to the king as the royal procession was on its way to the house of lords. Then came appeals to Asquith, Haldane, Birrell, Gladstone, anybody, to receive deputations of women. All refused. Finally Mr. Asquith consented to see a committee of women from the various unions working for woman suffrage. He flatly refused his help, saying, "During this parliament hope nothing from us." When this decision was published frantic agitation followed from the Suffragettes. They rang cabinet ministers* doorbells at nine in the morning demanding interviews, and then chained themselves to the railI n rro da tViof tVs a nnl loo nntilrl n at Qf. 1 1 I ?) D nu UKU 1UC VUUiU au w ui rest them without great difficulty. They attempted to enter the prime minister's house, and every day arrests have been made, and women ol gentle birth and gently nurtured have gone off to Holloway Jail to serve three weeks sentences in the second division with prison clothes, prison fare, no books, no papers, nothing to do but sew on the king's mall bags in the semi-obscurity of a prison cell. The great hope now is to get another bill through parliament before this government goes out. With tnis In view the workers at the W. S. P. U. and indeed all the other unions never relax one moment. They keep their case before the public night and day. Ridicule, scorn, mockery?they invite all that, if only the people will think of them, talk of them, write of them, so that whether women may have the suffrage shall become a burning national ques- / tion which cannot be ignored. The Suffragettes justify their acts of absurdity by the argument. "All t you say about ridicule is true, but is s not our cause more talked of and written of than ever before?" And of v course it is. s In regard to the women who are ^ carrying on all this semi-humorous, deeply serious campaign against this t government and all other govern- i ments that will not give them what | they demand there is a tremendous j. difference in personalty, position in l; life, temperament. First there is Mrs. Pankhurst. ' whose general character has been j sketched. She has now gone to prison s with about sixty of her followers. Then c there are her three daughters. Christa- ? bel, Adela and Sylvia. r Christabel has been the moving k factor in all this women's campaign, d Young, pretty, clever, with a keen sense of humor and a mind undaunt- a ed by any amount of discouragement, she is the bulwark of her sister work- 8 1 A qualified lawyer, an able speaker a and writer, she never fails to interest f an audience by partly amusing them. 1 Many of her speeches have been made under ttying circumstances as have t those of all the other Suffragettes. I Students have thrown eggs and chem- *! icals, let loose rats and mice, and used r any means they could to annoy and l injure these women speakers. I The two other Pankhurst sisters are less well known in London. They are r chiefly working in provincial towns. g Then there is Mrs. Pethwlck Law- 1 rence, the treasurer of the society. She t is a quiet, thoughtful woman, who r speaks well and edits the paper. Votes v for Women. 8 Annie Kenney, a millhand and Olive Smith, a trained nurse, prominent i among the agitators, speak constantly f and have served several terms of im- ' prisonment for the cause. There are c artists, actresses, women journalists \ and authoresses also in the ranks. 1 Elizabeth Robins, the well known * writer, is secretary of the society, y Beatrice Harraden, whose "Ships That g Pass in the Njght" made her as famous In America as here, is an earnest worker and speaker. May Sinclair, Clemence Mousman, Evelyn Sharp and Violet Hunt are now on the streets with collecting boxes asking money from passersby, who sometimes recognize them as the popular novelists they are but more often laugh at them as Suffragettes. .n mece ui juacnim went xo prison last week and her maid went also. Two daughters of Gen. Brackenbury were obligated to send a wire to George Meredith and say they could not beat his birthday celebration, as they have been taken to Holloway jail for trying to get into the house of commons with their sister Suffragettes. It was Christabel Pankhurst's idea that a whole week should be given over to collecting funds. So every woman interested in the question of woman's suffrage was asked to give money or her services to get money, jo that the campaign will not he hampered by lack of funds. And it will not. Money has poured In from every quarter and there Is no busier place In London today than the rooms of the W. S. P. U., where workers, contributors, friends, etc., are continually coming in and out and where method, ystem and order reign in the midst pf constant work. The agitation will undoubtedly continue to grow. It will become still noisier. still more insistent. But if one sxamines It from the point of view of sold, practical politics he is forced to the conclusion that it Is only a surface eruption. It has not begun to stir the body politic as have the fallacies of socialIsm. The men of this country once forced an unwilling government to frant them the franchise. They were ready to fight for what they believed to be a boon that would bring in its train the reform of all social and political evils. They got it?and were wofully disappointed. They found that the right to vote lldn't increase any man's wages by a penny no matter which party was put In power. It mitigated none of their ivery day grievances, it added nothing to their happiness. So the average Englishman today refuses to be stirred to active sympathy with his wornjn folk in an agitation for what he "PMTflS na on ornnfv rvrhrllnxro " pii?uv6c. It is an open question also how extensively the demand for the suffrage really prevails among the women of England. Ten per cent of the female jopulation are quite capable of making noise enough to deceive the country, themselves included, Into believing that they represent the majority of their sex. It should not be inferred that the present movement includes so small a proportion of the women of England, rhe suffragist campaign is stronger than that, but it is by no means prov?d that a plebiscite of adult women, if it could be taken, would ask for or jxercise the franchise. There arises therefore the very seri>us objection that the granting of the lemand for votes for women would , nave a distinctly undemocratic effect, rhe results of elections would be unrepresentative and be virtually a government of the minority unless indeed :he exercise of the franchise should be nade compulsory, a provision which s not included in any of the measures :hat are put forward by the Suffragettes. Most practical politicians in the country regard the present agitation is a tactical mistake. They believe that it has seriously postponed Instead if hastening the passage of a woman luffrage measure. It is said that two or three of the eaders of the suffragist movement vhen they realized two years ago that he Liberal government had no inten:ion to fulfil it promises went in deipalr to Arthur Balfour and asked his idvice. He replied in effect: "Agiate, agitate, agitate?you can get anyhing you want in this country by igitation." They have acted up to his precept?too literally perhaps. The more militant ones say: "Conventional argrument, mere decorous alk would never arouse the country. iVe were compelled to be- either :rlminal or silly. Men would have )een criminal. We prefer to be silly." rhe silliness has baen carried too far >n more than one occasion, notably vhen it destroyed the chance menioned above of their bill passing the :ommons. They have antagonized all the leaders of the Liberal party. Members of he cabinet who go about guarded by letectives loathe and abhor the very lame of Suffragette. They declare in ilmost so many words that what they vere prepared to grant in due time as i matter of equity they will never gfive mder the pressure of threats and inimldation. not even petticoat intimiiation, which they ruefully admit is he most galling* kind of all. But whatever may be said of bad actics silly Suffragette antics and VIrs. Pankhurst's attempts to coerce he Britsh government, it may be jredicted with some confidence that Via navt OTOat nnlltlf>Q 1 ildl-plfimriPnt n this country will be the granting of miversal adult suffrage.?London ?or. New York Sun. AS THE INDIAN SEES IT. \ Point of View That the Paleface Fails to Take. "Ah, well?white people do not mean o harm us?may be," says Hiparopai, in Indian. "But you do not understand ny people, and," she added slowly, "you lever even try. You want now to divide for us the little land that we may till call our own. You never ask us vhat we would like or would not like. Ye are ruled by your laws and you lever try to make plain to us what hese laws mean. White people came ipon our land and "built a chapel for us here. Did they ask us if we wanted t? Did they pay us for the land? Periaps we would rather have had the and for our farms. They want us to lave their religion. Would it not be airer if they built their chapel on their ivn land and asked us then to come to t? You want our children to go to chools that you have for us. Do you ome to us old people first and tell us , .bout the schools, and explain to us ihat the schools are for, so that we nay understand? We Indians only ;nov? that schools will make our chilIren like white people, and some of is?" she paused, then said quietly, some of us do not like white people nd their ways. "Of course I know that schools are rood and that white people mean hem to neip my peupie. bvmuuis a.?r rood; it is right for every one to learn ill he can from every one. But white >eople should be more gentle with he older Indians If we cannot quickly mderstand. Our lives are sad?and ve love our children. If I came to ake your children to some strange dace to learn things of which you tnew nothing, would you like it? Tf , an Indian woman, took your childen to the desert to make them grow ike Indians, would you like it? We ndians have the same love for our irown children that you have for your vhite ones. Explain to us all the lew things that you mean for our rood; take the trouble to know us a ittle if you really want to help and each us. You do not understand he way we think and feel. A white nan laughed when he asked me why ve cared when the white people heared us like sheep. Are we not nen, too? Should not each man think md dress as suits his life? We like ong hair. Is it not beautiful? Why lave we not a right to what is ours? Ve never interferied with you until ou interfered with us. How does >ur long hair harm you? Your men vear stiff clothes and hard collars, four dress seems foolish and uncomortable to us, as ours may to you. fet you would not like It if we took our collars ofT."?Philadelphia Ledrer.