Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, March 17, 1908, Image 1
IgsinED SBSCX-VSBXL^
l. m. grist s sons, Publishers. J % |[amilg Jieirspaper: 4or the gromotion of (hi; political, Social, Agricultural and (Commercial Interests of the geople. { tebs?nole'2opVfEive ce!^VAN< E
ESTABLISHED 1855. YORKVILLE, S. C., TUESDAY, MARCH 17, 1908. NX). ^2. . .
J inn in m hi in iniimumu n
^^
By CLARENCE
mnwumumfwnumwwmi
CHAPTER X.
The Trial Begins.
It is fortunate, whatever may be said
of the Jury System, that The Jury desides
momentous questltons over which
The World may wisely or wickedly
have stumbled. The legal light which
is focused upon the jury box has an
illuminating power which the spectator
does not always adequately appreciate.
Guilty, a man might dazzle his
* * * * ' 3 - ? t ? - - A *>/! oo _
fellowmen wun nis auuuui.v, aim *7^cape
by the very boldness of his guilt:
innocent, he would find a greater degree
of safety in the searching scrutiny
of twelve honest men. sworn to do their
duty, than in the shifting partisanship
of an irresponsible and prejudice-blinded
populace. If law's raison d'etre be
justice, then The Jury must remain?
The World must bow in submission.
It took some time to secure a jury
in Gilbert Senn's case, for there were
few who had not talked about it. few
who had not formed and expressed
opinions.
But it is undoubtedly always true
that twelve men can be found who
know little enough of a given case to
qualify them to act impartially. They
found a jury for Senn: Senn heard
them sworn, listened himself in a sort
of indifferent stupor, and feeling as
though he could not be concerned in the
matter himself?feeling as though it
must be some one else whose life was
in danger?feeling a vague and impersonal
sort of pity for the luckless
wretch against whom the powers of
law were about to be invoked.
The winter sunshine fell into the
room. Outside, the day was beautiful.
Beyond this room there was life and
freedom and honor?surely he could not
be shut out from it all forever?surely
it must be a dream, a bad dream.
But no! Freedom and bonor belonged
to the dream: the horror all about
KolAntrOfl t n f h A r ATI 1
And he awoke from his day dream
suddenly
They were reading the indictment.
It did not take long. There was not
so much of detail as he would have
been glad to hear: when a man must
face a horror like this it is a comfort
to know?in all respects?just what the
horror is.
The indictment was read, its statements
of names and places and dates
being given with great particularity.
He glanced curiously at Aldrich. The
lawyer neither looked up nor moved.
Senn's face took on a look of proud
despair.
Then, almost before he knew what he
was doing, some one had assisted him
to his feet. Some strained, harsh voice,
which he could scarcely realize was his
own. so changed was it, had faltered
"Not Guilty!" and he was sitting in
his place again, his face buried in his
hands, trying to shut out the sight of
the hateful multitude who waited for
his doom.
The prosecuting attorney arose and
briefly explained the case. The murder
took place more than ten years be
fore, and in a country house some fifty
miles distant. The murder was peculiarly
atrocious from the fact that the
guilty man had so planned and executed
his crime as to leave the question of
the manner of his victim's death in
doubt.
The prosecution would admit that
there were those who had honestly believed
that Constance Craig died a natural
death: the prosecution presumed
such witnesses would be introduced by
the defense. The prosecution desired
to state frankly in the outset that they
had only circumstantial evidence upon
which to rely; they admitted that they
were unable to assign an adequate motive
for the commission by him of the
crime of which Gilbert Senn stoon accused:
they had no proof to offer tending
to show that ill-will or revenge had
anything to do with the horrible deed
?indeed, there was no reason for
thinking that Gilbert Senn had been
acquainted with Constance Craig prior
to the murder. No evidence would be
introduced tending to show robbery in
the ordinary and usual sense of the
term: it had been the intention of the
murderer to make it appear that death
was not the result of murder and one
little article, whose presence in the
room of death would have been evidence
of a struggle, had been removed:
this article was of little value: it would
he shown that Gilbert Senn had had it
in his possession. The facts, then,
which the prosecution would establish
by the testimony of reliable witnesses
were these:
"1. The death of Constance Craig.
"2. The fact that her death was accompanied
by a severe struggle, which
took place while a person who had never
confessed his presence there was in
the room with her.
"3. The fact that an article belonging
t<> her had been removed at the time of
her death.
"4. The faet that the murderer had
carried a small article of his own into
the room.
"a. The fact that the article stolen
from dead Constance Craig, as well as
the other article to which reference had
been made, had been traced to and
found in the possession of Gilbert Senn.
"6. The fact of the presence of Gilbert
Senn near the residence of Constance
Craig not long before the murder.
"7. The fact that the general character
of Gilbert Senn at the time of the
murder of Constance Craig was such
as to make the theory of murder or any
other infamous crime a reasonable one
in his case.
"8. The fact that when arrested he
had attempted to destroy the articles
on whose silent evidence the prosecution
largely relied to prove his guilt.
"And now," said the prosecuting
attorney, "there is one thing more tc
he considered before we call our witnesses.
I hold in my hand a document
dated in Roomville. Maine, on November
9th. 1870. in the handwriting of J
R Prier, as I believe, and signed with
the name of Gilbert Senn. In it Mr
Senn admits the finding by Mr. Priei
of two rings, duly described, under circumstances
which justify the conclusion
that they had been for many years
in his possession. Mr. Senn pledges
AN !
CJTSXDE!!
% r
; BOUTELLE. I r
t
mmynwiffuwiwwirm hi imu Ifn *
himself, in this document, not to deny!
the fact of the rings having been in his
possession. Now we shall introduce
this document in evidence; we shall
find little or no difficulty in proving
that the admissions made by Mr. Senn
are true; we shall prove them, if we
are compelled to do so. There exists,
so Mr. Prier tells me, a tacit compact
between Mr. Senn and himself,
however, that the circumstances under
which they were found shall not be investigated.
Of course Mr. Prier is only
a witness for the State in this case,
and euually, of course, the State is not "
bound in any way by this implied per- "
sonal contract between him and the
prisoner. I wish, however, to regard
this agreement, if it is possible. I ask.
then, whether the defense will admit a
the genuineness of the signature and
the truth of the admissions made? or
whether they prefer that we should f
proceed to prove the facts therein 11
stated?" v
r
Walter Aldrich turned to his client.
"Deny the signature; refuse to make
the admissions; claim that you signed s
under the intluence of fear; let us make
a bold, hard fight, here and now," he '
whispered. t(
Senn shook his head.
"It's your best chance," pleaded Aid- ^
rich, in an undertone, "and it may be
your only one." n
Senn looked him squarely in the face
?squarely and a little indignantly.
"You know better than that," he said, ?
firmly; "I shall not deny my signature;
I shall not deny the truth of my admis- ?
sions there made; if I cannot tell the
truth and live, I can, at least, tell it ?
and die."
Aldrich turned from his client, and
toward the judge, the jury, and the
prosecuting attorney.
"We admit all that is asked," he said, 11
sullenly. v
"That is not enough." said the proseciiting
attorney, hlandlv, rising to his
. . u e
feet; "that is not Dy any means chough ^
in so important a case as this. I ask ^
to have the prisoner sworn." x
"You wish to question him?" asked
Aldrich. *
-1 do.- ;
"On this matter?"
"Certainly."
"And on nothing: else?"
"Nothing;."
"It's terribly irregular, isn't it?"
"We will not press the matter. We ^
will prove "
But Senn was already upon his feet.
"Do as you like," said Aldrich, savagely.
So Senn was sworn. .
The prosecuting attorney questioned ^
him. ..
"You have seen and read this docu- j
m?nt?"
"I have."
e<
"Is this your signature?"
"It Is." a
"Do you admit the accuracy of the
statements contained in it. and will you n
abide by the pledge given?"
"I will abide by the pledge given. I
admit the substantial accuracy of the ^
statements made."
"You speak of the 'substantial accuracy*
of the statements. Please explain
yourself? State briefly what you admit?"
t}
Senn raised his head a little higher;
* - * - 1 14
his r<>rm was more erecx man n nuu ti
been; there was no longer any need fir
those sitting in the far-away corners
of the room to give breathless attention
in order to hear. The prisoner's voice
was low. but firm and strong, and it \
filled the room with its power.
"I have seen the rings which are de- j]
scribed in the document. They were p
found under circumstances which jus- 0
tif.v the conclusion reached by Mr.
Prier. It would be useless for me to
deny that they have been in my pos- e
session, and " His voice broke.
He fell into his seat as though he had
been shot. He covered his face with a
his trembling hands. c
The audience drew a long sigh of re- p
lief.
The jurymen looked at each other e
in interested amazement. ii
Mrs. Senn, without raising her veil, (]
bowed her thanks to some one who t]
handed her something she had let fall, p
Prier smiled, grimly.
Aldrich did not move or look up. o
A gray-headed lawyer nudged the t
young law-student who sat next him,
and whispered:
"He's signed his own death-war- a
rant!"
The prosecuting attorney smiled, and
rubbed his hands softly over one another.
"That is all," he said, pleasantly; r
"that will do. We are ready to exam- h
ine the witnesses now. Will Matilda
\\ eno oe sworn ;
Matilda Webb came forward and was
duly sworn. Her testimony, condensed
from the form of questions and answers.
was. in substance, this: Her ape
was thirty years: business, that of a
house servant: she was in the employ e
of Constance Crate at the time of that
lady's death; was twenty years of age
at that time: it was her duty to assist t
the housekeeper in such ways as that c
person might require. The indictment t
charged that the murder had taken
place during a certain night. She re- t
membered that night well. It was a
Monday night. She spent tlie night
with friends, three miles away. She
> returned home quite early on Tuesday
morning. It was certainly not later
' than K o'clock when she reached the c
, residence of Constance Craig. There
was no one stirring in the house. She <
: hurried up-stairs. She went into her
> mistress's room. She found her dead. <
She ran downstairs. A team happened (
. to be passing. She gave the alarm and \
sent for help. She remembered a peculiar
ring which her employer had
owned: it was a silver ring, set with a t
ted stone: she saw Constance Craig
have it on her finger when she went t
away: it was not there when she found 1
her dead in her room: she had never s
seen it since. (
Cross-examined, Miss Webb added
hese facts: There were three servants g
tmployed by Constance Craig, a young d
nan for out-of-door work, the housekeeper
and herself inside. The young
nan was her cousin. He spent Monday p
light at the same house where she did. t
de was dead now; was drowned about
ive years after the time of the murder.
The housekeeper was absent during
hat night; she had been absent for a
seek prior to the murder; she did not
eturn until after the funeral of her v
nistress.
Redirect examination: Miss Webb ti
lad always had the highest opinion of
he housekeper; the housekeeper had
>een a very old lady; she had been
lead now for several years; Miss Webb 0
lad herself attended her funeral. Miss
Vebb had been engaged to the young v
nun who was accidentally drowned; no d
[uestion regarding his character and j,
ntegrity had ever been raised. Miss
Vebb had been on the best of terms
ritli her employer: never had any trou>le
with her; had permission to be ab- 0
ent. The witness knew that Con- p
tance Craig wore the silver ring with p
he red stone regularly and constantly; n
he did not know where she obtained t;
t. nor whether it was a gift. p
The prosecution called Dr. Oscar f:
Velton:
"I am a physician and surgeon; I am tl
regular graduate in medicine; I have c
mcticed my profession for over thlr- p
y-live years; I am sixty-one years of p
ge; 1 have testified on several trials v
11 this state as a medical expert. I r,
.as the regular medical attendant of v
'onstance Craig, if it is correct to say c
he had any; I was always called when h
he needed a physician; she was usual- d
y well; I attended her but seldom. I n
. as the first physician at the house af- c
er the discovery of the murder. I was a
he first Derson who touched or moved t|
he dead body after she was discovered tl
y Matilda Webb. Constance Craig1 did p
ot die a natural death. I insisted from a
he first that she was murdered. She tl
,as smothered to death There was no w
thor post-mortem examination of the e
ody than was possible without the use n
f instruments. I feel certain that she c
?-as killed by the placing and holding g
ver her face of something which pre- w
ented the access of air to her lungs. h
Dr. Oscar Welton was cross-exam- s
led: a
"I was not the only physician called
i, in connection with this case; there q
rere two others present; one was an f(
lder man than I; each had had advan- a
ages, in education and in practice, b
qual to mine. One of them, the young
inn. agreed with me; the other insisted p
hat the death was a natural one. w
.'either of the other doctors Is living; b
t present there are only two persons, tl
Iiss Webb and myself, to be found _
;ho were there that Tuesday mornig."
All this, of course, in answer to c
uestions. h
"Was a post-mortem examination jr
roposed, and if so, by whom?" h
"I proposed a post-mortem examina- a
Ion." a
"Why was none made?" a
"The other physicians objected." tl
"On what grounds?" C
"The reason, as I remember it now, n
ad something to do with the probable c
'ishes of surviving friends and rela- e<
ives who had not yet been notified of ir
tie death." it
"What did the physician who regard- a
d the death as due to natural causes n
? ?Vio linmo/linto fmisp nf
eath?" si
"I do not remember. Perhaps he v
lade no suggestion: I really cannot
ay." fi
"What sort of natural cause would u
roduce death in such a case?"
"No natural cause in such a case,
'onstance Craig was murdered." c:
"You seem very certain?" ti
"I would risk my professional repu- o
ition upon it." cl
"A post-mortem was not a necessity, ti
hen ?" n
"No. sir; that is " li
"You proposed one?" b
"I did. but " ti
"Never mind: that will do," said
Valter A Id rich.
"Wait a moment," said the prosecut- tl
ig attorney: "I have a question or two w
r> ask: Did both the other physicians
bject to a post-mortem examination?"
"Yes. sir." c;
"And for the reasons you have stat- tl
d?" ti
"I so remember it."
"You told my legal friend a minute
go that an examination was not ne- fi
essary. Will you state why you proposed
one, that being the case?"
"Simply for the satisfaction of oth- a
rs. I had no doubt whatever regardng
the cause of Constance Craig's
eath. I do not see how any one could
oubt that it was the result of vio?nce."
?
"Do you remember whether all three
f you remained in the house for a long
ime." j
"Only two of us did." j,
"Which went away, the one who
greed with you or the other?"
v
"The other."
c
"Why?"
"I do not remember." .
"I mean to ask whether it was the
p
esult of the disagreement, or because
ie had other duties elsewhere?" ^
"It was because he had duties elsewhere."
3
"How long was he in the house?" h
"I cannot say exactly."
"Was it more than an hour?"
"No. sir: it was less than an hour." p
"And how long were you and the othr
doctor there?" ^
d
"Ten or twelve hours." j
"Very well. You say you were cer- r
ain Constance Craig was murdered: j*
lid you take any action based upon
hat opinion?" t
"We did. We notified the authoriies.
We telegraphed for a detective." j.
"For what detective?"
"For Mr. Prier."
"And he came?"
"He came."
"That is all. said mo pmsecuuns v
ittorney. p
But Wtilter Aldrich had still other
luestions to ask:
"You do not see how any one could
loubt that the death of Constance
'raig was attended with violence? Did
:ou so testify?"
"1 did."
"Did not one physician doubt the
heory of violence?"
"No. sir, not exactly; he admitted
hat there had been a severe struggle;
te insisted that it was due to convulsive
activity resulting from natural
a uses."
"I see. The oldest doctor, the disa
Teeing- one, went away after a little,
lid he?"
"He did."
"Perhaps lie had a more extensive
ractiee?with more frequent calls?
han you had?" ^
"Perhaps so."
"Did he?"
"I do not know." p
"What Is your opinion?" e<
"I do not know that I have data on ir
fhich to base an opinion." a
"What action did the authorities (]i
ake?"
"None." o
"Why?" p
"Because they took sides with the j
ldest physician." v.
"The detective," said Mr. Aldrlch, ei
ery slowly and very sarcastically, "no o
oubt took sides with the medical ma- n
irity?" tr
"He did." h
"That is all," said Aldrich. ti
And the prosecuting1 attorney had no e<
tlier questions to ask. Dr. Oscar Wei- ci
in retired, having made about the im- 11
resslon that a capable, honest, simple p
lan usually makes when he under- a
ikes to follow a train of thoughtful a
ruth under the guidance of the legal ai
raternity. tl
It is doubtless unnecessary to say n
liat Dr. Oscar Welton had hurt the it
ase of the prosecution, and hurt it tl
adly: iialf the spectators, counting out h
tie judge, jury, witnesses and lawyers, r<
ouhl have voted hiin a fool, while the yl
est?with very, very few scattering
otes?would have denominated him a c<
lumsy liar. It is unfortunate that tl
onest men must submit to the moral w
egradation of being "important wit- e<
esses." There was no way in which ti
scar Welton, M. D., could show what
n honorable record his had been as u
lie servant of health and humanity; a
liere was no way in which he could ?
rove that his younger friend had been S(
prodigy of learning and skill; over ,
lie grave of the other older man there ai
as a costly monument, covered with S1
ulogy and regret, and one could no w
lore show how little his opinion in the n
w
'onstanee Craig case should be rearded,
and how little it was really ^
rorth, than he could go and write the
8c
aixl, harsh truth "Incompetent, obtinate
quack," on the stately marble ^
bove his ashes.
Q1
As for the citizens among whom ^
'onstanee Craig had had her home?as
ir the self-important petty country
uthorities?their opinions were possi- ^
ly as valuable as those of the throng
ho had assembled to see Gilbert Senn
e<
ut in peril of his life; they certainly
ere no more so. Fixed and stable In |
CJ
elief?as the ocean is fixed; following .
ri
lis way in a flood?that way in a.n ebb
-as the sea follows the moonshine. ^
And look! See! The crowd once .
di
lamorous for the blood of Gilbert Senn
as turned. Fortune's tide is llowing c(
1 for him once more. He holds up his ^
ead, and there are smiles of encour- ?
01
gement for him everywhere. There is b(
buzz of pity?a murmur of repressed
pplause?in the air. Those so sure, in
ie morning, that Senn killed Constance
dl
raig, are sure now that she died a
aturnl death. It is not alone what Dr. g
'scar Welton has said which has turn- m
d opinion in this way?it is the way ti
l which he has said it?it is the hes- jj.
ation in his honest face, his great w
nxiety to be accurate?which has done pl
inch. c,
The prosecution had meant tf? prove a]
i much by the testimony of Dr. Oscar p]
Helton!
The prosecution has so lamentably f
tiled to prove anything?has done \V
orse than fail! hi
But wait! ^ hi
The same waves which climb the si
rags when it is tlood tide, go down in- w
i the dark sea again. The men whose tl
pinions have changed once?may di
hange their minds again. Human na- ot
jre would be one tissue of folly, hu- pi
lan action one gigantic farce, were not cr
fe?with its lofty ambitious and its m
itter disappointments?so terrible a tt
raged y. w
"J. B. Prier." ci
The great detective comes forward, >*<
tie same grim smile upon his face vi
hich we have seen there before.
He raises his right hand. w
"You do solemnly swear that in the w
use now on trial you will tell the truth, H
lie whole truth, and nothing but the 'n
ruth?so help you God!" *(
He bows his head reverently. ?
He pauses to look over the anxious a:
ices before him.
And? ai
The tide of opinion is turning again Cl
1 ready! yi
To be Continued.
PROLONGED LAWSUITS.
w
iermany Holds Record With One Set- ,.(
tied After 478 years.
The celebrated chancery suit of
arndyce against Jarndyce no longer st
lolds the record for duration. A case
rhich has lasted at least 1 ">!? years r(
ras mentioned in the law courts re- ^
ently. f(
Among a number of motions before Q]
he divorce court judge frrr leave to ^
resume the deaths of different per- e]
ons was one in the name of C. S. 1'ul- c.
eney. ai
Counsel asked that the death of C. c,
I. Pulteney might be presumed to
lave taken place in the year 1780.
"When?" demanded Sir Oorell b
larnes, in amazement.
"In 1780," repeated counsel, amid j,
oud laughter.
"Mr. Pulteney." he explained, "was? 11
narried about 177ft. and had a sc
laughter. In 17sft he left England, tl
le has been advertised for, but he has .,
lever been heard of since. In 1709a
um of ?1,000 was paid into court and ''
t now amounts to ?1,600." T
"What has it been doing there all (j
his time?" the judge inquired.
Counsel replied that legal proceed- n
ngs were started in 1790, but nothing ti
urther was done until 1S99. a
"Why not?" asked the judge. f.
"I do not know." counsel answered.
"Extraordinary!" exclaimed Sir a
lorell Barnes. "Who wants it now?" w
"I am afraid a good many people u
rant it now," said counsel. "The pros- .
nt applicant is a great-grandson of
he wife of the brother of Charles b
^ulteney." S
"Certain persons," he added, "claim t]
he sum and proceedings are being
aken in the chancery court. The
leath of C. S. Pulteney is the only n
ink wanting in the title." a
"I have not much hesitation in pre- r
uming the death of Mr. Pulteney."
he judge stated. "I am quite sure he rI
s dead." e
Germany, however, has beaten even
his record.
A lawsuit between the local author- '
ty of Priemar, a suburb of Ootha, >'
ind certain mill owners in a neigh- p
>oring village was amicably settled c
ecently after 4 78 years of constant
itigation, says a Central News Berlin P
elegram.?London Express. Is
iUisrrllanrotis ^radini). ;
MAKE CORN RAISING PAY. 1
c
l&re Are Some Rules That Are Interesting
and Valuable.
As grain crops go, corn Is a com- 1
aratively new one; and hence oflers '
orrespondingly greater opportunity for '
nprovement under careful methods '
s well as for rapid deterioration un- '
er careless methods.
The best and most practical method 1
f breeding it up is systematically to 1
lant seed from a single ear in a sin- 1
le row, to plant other rows the same 1
ay, and then weigh the yield from '
ach row seperately: then keep a roc- %
rd of each row, select flic best for 1
ext year and so on from year to year, J
? the end that the seed corn may '
ave a pedigree that is definite and a 1
fue guide. From the few rows plant- ^
J, seed will be selected for the in- p
"eased plat that is to supply seed for 1
le larger fields. Those who want to '
ursue this kind of breeding will be
ble to get from their state experl- c
lent stations or the department of 1
gficulture at Washington bulletins c
lat explain the plan in detail. The
ext best plan is to select the seed ears 1
i the field, and to observe whether 0
r
ie stalks that bore extra fine ears
ad choice locations, rich spots, much
aom. etc., which might make a large 1
leld was not really in the seed the 0
ars came from. If we wait till the *
nrn i? in the crib, we cannot do more
lan select good enrs, irrespective of 1
hether they grew on specially favor- r
3 stalks. Hut even such selection as e
lis will be better than none.
If one does not have corn from N
hieh really good seed can be selected,
strain that Is a good ylelder, he '
light to buy good seed. He ought al)
to test his seed before planting, to a
arn whether It is going to sprout well s
ad grow with vigor. Much will ^
srout well and not have vigor to grow '
ell. Skips In the row cost just as c
mch to cultivate as a like space In u
hich corn is giowing, and produce s
athing. The unshaded soil may even ^
r> injured by being exposed urmeces- a
irily to the sun.
Much Is said and written ahout deep 8
reaking for corn. It is one of those
Liestions that will never be settled, for 8
le reason that some types of land 1
eed one treatment and some need an- a
iher. It is rare that deeper than six- 1
ich plowing will pay: and sometimes ''
will be detrimental. If land is plow- 1
1 much deeper than formerly, plow in 1
ic fall. Loose soils and bottom lands 11
in be plowed deeper than black pral- 0
e soils. Never go off to dinner or to
le house for the night before all the
c
nd that has been plowed that half
ty is harrowed. Later, the use of the 1
isc will put the seed bed in better
s
)ndition, but do not abuse the land by
s
lrning it up to the air and sun to dry
it before it is harrowed. The seed
?d Is more important than usually ?
lpposed. Make it fine and mellow. It
3es not take much work, as harrows v
id discs cover much ground at a time. '
Planting should not be too deeply in
f]
>ring, when the soil is cold and much
loisture is in the ground. At that a
me the warm soil is the layer next to 8
le surface. Deep planting is also bad a
hen the seed bed has not been well ^
repared. Some sort of drill or melanical
planter should be used, since F
1 seed will be put in the ground ap- ^
roximately the same distance. Then
lere is either a stand or not a stand.
r
he grower will not be in doubt as to
hether he should replant: but he may
r
? in doubt if the seed is dropped by
*nd and some are deep and some are '
lallow, so that a part meet favorable
eather conditions and come up. while
le rest do not come up. Watch the 11
rill carefully for some time, and dig
it enough hills to know how deep the j
lanting is being done. It will be a
?stly corn crop if labor saving implelents
are not used for cultivation; and .
t
ley can be used with greater success
hen the rows are straight, so that the
jltivators can run so close to the
>ung stalks that very little unculti- 1
ftted earth will remain in the drill.
c
Many neglect corn for two or three
eeks after the seed is planted. Meanhlle
grass and weeds get well started, j.
[arrows or weeders, or both should,
i most cases, be run over the corn be>re
the young plants get out of the
round, and even later?just as long
s the corn Is not injured too much
y such working. The young grass
nd weeds will be easily killed and a .
rust is not allowed to form over the
oung corn plants to make it hard for
lent to get out of the ground. Furlermore,
this stirring of the soil preents
evaporation of moisture from
le land. In the hands of a careless
orkman a team of mules and a harJ\v
can do much damage to corn af r
it is out of the ground. Suppose a
loughtless workman permits cornalks
to catch in the harrow and
rag out the young corn row after *
)w. Such a thing has been done more
lan once but such a laborer is not tit
>r the work. The writer knows of
ne good farmer who thinks it pays
im to plant corn considerably thicki'
than he wants it to grow, so that he
an harrow it over and over as often
a he likes, uprooting part of the young
rop, but leaving enough for a good
:and. While his plan has its drawacks.
it also has its good points.
Corn is a very shallow rooted
lant. Most of its feeding roots are s
ear the surface of the soil. Roots al- g
> iVed only at their ends; and when
ley are cut off they cannot nourish
10 plant much till new feeding hairke
roots put out to gather the food,
hese facts show that deep cultivation
uring the early life of the crop ntay
ot he injurious; while deep cultivaon
later, when the roots have spread
cross from row to row near the surice
of the soil, cut off the roots just
t the time the crop needs to be fed
ell. IJo not make the work stock do
nnecessary hard work by running
tie cultivating implement deeper than
: necessary to keep the ground clean,
ome growers act as though they
bought they would lay by the corn
ell if they run the cultivating implolents
deep; and this means that they
re laying by the crop by cutting its
oots off. Yet, cultivation must be
eep enough to kill grass and weeds,
veil if the corn roots are pruned off.
Corn should not be raised on the
tine land year after year, for several
easans. It is a rank feeder, and the
ind should have raised some grass
rop, or a crop of clover or peas, to
ut it in the condition for making.a
irge yield of corn. It is rare, indeed,
:hat those who do not rotate their
?rops think it pays them to raise corn.
The question goes further than to sup- I
E>ly the corn with plant food. When
;orn Is raised on the same land year
ifter year, insect enemies Ret to mak- <
nr their homes in the land; and they <
tre there to destroy the next crop as J
'ar as they can. Depredations from I
nsects are accepted by the average i
armer in much the same way that 1
ains and drouths are. on the tupposi- i
ion fhat these things are sent by na- I
ure and that man can do nothing about I
- * j 1
hem. But the farmer can rest assured i
hat if he raises corn on the same land 1
ear after year he is turning his field 1
nto a hatcheiy of enemies that will de- t
our his crop, and this injury Is far i
nore serious than generally supposed, i
f the crop does not do well, the matter :
s dismissed with the supposition that <
he weather or the soil was unfavorable, t
Hie corn grower should certainly be a 1
frower of clover or peas, and one of <
hese crops should be grown on the <
and the first year preceding the corn. 1
The time will come in the south when <
orn will be planted in checks and cul- i
ivated both ways, as it is in tlie great 1
oin states. Many tilings may contri- *
tute to make tills impracticable now, '
>ut some of these things can be done <
iway with by a man who goes at it
Ight. Very shallow plowing thai is i
iroudeast or plowing in narrow beds l
nake it impracticable to check corn i
nd cultivate il both ways; so may 1
teep hillsides or ditches, also irregular <
lutlines of the Held, or stumps or trees 1
in the land, and the land may lie so i
ioor that thicker seeding will be pref- 1
rable. It will lie noted, however, that '
eally good farming cannot be done i
rith such drawbacks: and they ought 1
o he done away with even if the corn 1
.. i.l.mla/1 In nhoi>l/n Siiinip of tlieSC i
n inn |<io..?? ... ~ - .
Irawbacks seem more serious than they <
re. because checking Is rare in the 1
outh and those who have not seen It <
lone successfully conclude that It Is <
rnposslble. Here and there corn Is *
hecked with success in the south, and '
inder conditions which other farmers <
ay make checking corn impracticable. 1
'orn is grown cheaply when checked; 1
nd a somewhat smaller crop would
nake as much money as a larger crop l
Town by a more expensive method. I
The Williamson method of corn I
rowing has its advocates; but It re- 1
aains to be learned whether the same '
.mount of plant food and labor used by 1
nore common methods will not get as
urge a yield, if not a larger one. Food '
he crop must have; and cultivation <
nakes plant food that is not yet avail- f
ble turn into available forms. In oth
r words, a good cultivation is some- s
hing of a substitute for fertilizer; and s
forking the soil well before the crop
omes up is another substitute. That '
s one reason that harrowing corn is 1
o helpful. It makes grass and weeds 1
prout and then kills them; but it al- ^
o prepares food for the crop, and that *
s the important thing. The cry will 1
;o up that so much working of the soil 1
s expensive; but that will depend on 1
whether the working is of an expen- *
ive or an inexpensive kind?by men or '
>y mules. Working with mules can be
nade expensive, too. if the Implements
.re of a kind that one must keep going
round and around the row, instead of ^
, kind that will finish one row or one
niddle at each trip across the field,
rluch cultivation at so smali an ex- f
iense that the cultivatoin can be re- r
eated frequently should be the aim t
if the com grower. J
When the corn is cultivated in ridges t
nore surface is exposed for the sun and I
ir to draw moisture from: and the f
ule will be that if the previous work- I
ng of soil has been what it should have t
ieen. fiat cultivation will he better. 1
it ill. this is conditional, it should be t
loted. For the same reason that culti- v
ating a crop in ridges is detrimental, \
danting in narrow beds is detrimental i
n dry weather-Mt dries out more than r
S good lor ine crop. isecp piun Nig
rould be worth more than narrow a
>eds, provided the field is otherwise i
veil drained, in the opinion of the wrl- \
er: but there are many good, practical c
nen who hold the opposite view, and \
inly the future will show whether all 1
annot succeed by methods by which a i
ew are succeeding now. t
There are many years when cotton \
armers make no money: but who can 1
>oint to a year when corn raised by ?
ational methods did not pay a reason- i
ible profit? There is always a market \
or it, and bears do not manipulate the t
narket to the loss of the grower. The t
uarket is found right on one's own
arm and on the surrounding farms, r
iears cannot mix up with it. When t
he stover is saved by rational meth- a
ids?not by pulling the leaves?the j
tover has as much feed value as the t
rruin: and the south is slow to realize r
his. If that idea is made one of the i
rorking rules of the farm management. ?
twill not be difficult to see how a corn \
rop will yield more net profit than a t
otton crop. More net profit, mind ?
ou: we do not care for the gross pro- ?
it. It is the money that a farmer can t
ay away that he should be interested c
n. A cotton crop makes a big income, a
ut the big outgo is right there beside c
he big income. With corn under c
rood management, there is relatively i
nore profit left behind; so much profit s
hat. while corn will not replace cotton t
s the great southern crop, it ought to j
>e a close second and help to make a
otton laising more gainful. At least. \
here will be none to dispute that the e
aislng of more cotton bodes ill for the r
outh, while the raising of more corn
fives blight promise of a more prosperous
south and more thrifty farmers,
iome raised corn will keep money ut
mine. that now goes to enrich other ,
ections; it will keep money right on
he farm where the corn is raised in
he south.?Progressive Farmer.
Mt'HPKK COMI'AUITI VELY SAFE.?A
sew York minister with plenty of time
o "figure out things" said recently that
t was more dangerous to he a railway
irakeman than to be a murderer. And
le goes on to prove his assertion with
tatistics. showing that only one murlerer
in seventy-three is hanged,
chile one brakeman in every thirty is
tilled. Dr. Huntington, the clergyman
n question, attributes this state of afairs
to a wide-spread spirit of selfishless.
"W'e are too much like the art
itudent," remarked the doctor.
"There was, you know, a poor Vernont
ait student who shared a studio
jedroom with a journalist from Wis onsin.
The Vermonter went out one
norning to do the marketing and
>rought home two chops. He laid them
>n the table and the cat leaped up and
levoured one. "Hang it,' he said to his
A'iseonsin friend, 'the cat has eaten }
our chop.' "?Wilmington Star. ?
THE FLEISCHMANNS. f
c
Bin Liquor Dealers Have Great Influ- c
ence With Powerful People. i
The Flelschmanns, the liquor people 1
it Cincinnati, who were the principal t
ines to persuade Judge Prltchard to ?
ippoint receivers for the dispensary
Tund, are influential citizens of Cincinnati.
There are two of them associated
in the business, Julius Flelschmann,
who came over to this country
from Hungary or some such other
[>lace, built up a business, made millions.
and turned it over to his boys, r
>vho have used it partially to accumu- ?
late other millions, partly to indulge ?
the taste of the elder brother for pol- 8
tics and somewhat considerably to fl
nance the sporting proclivities of the
iroungcr brother. Max. Julius, the eller.
was mayor of Cincinnati for two 1
terms, and Is now one of the Taft '
manipulators in alliance with the no- '
iorlous Boss Cox of that burg. Max,
the younger, got married something .
(
ike a year ago and took a honjymoon
trip to the north pole. He Is |
now planning a trip to South Africa
where he will recreate himself by a
?hort nklulgence in his favorite pastime
of shooting elephants, tigers, hyinas
and other game.
They are millionaires, these Fleischnanns,
many times over. In addl- 1
tlon to their liquor business they have *
i yeast manufacturing concern. The *
Fielschmann Yeast company is the
jfticiul entitlement of the thing, I be- e
leve, and the business brings in prof- 1
ts like unto the richest of gold mines. 1
Likewise they have always found the 8
iquor business profitable. Julius
Fleisehmann. the ex-mayor, is the 1
justness man. Max is the sport and H
,'reak advertiser of the company. Jul- c
us Flelsehmann, so these people from r
Cincinnati here say. Is known as a 1
ilgh clean man, as politicians and 11- 1
luor dealers go in Cincinnati. Al- *
:hough put into office by the unspeak- *
ibly corrupt Cox machine, they tell 2
ne that he was better by far than his c
rrowd and administered the afrairs of *
lis office In a manner without re- e
proach. *
The Hon. Nicholas Longworth. the
president's son in law, is the represen- 0
ative In the lower house of congress c
'rom Cincinnati. He and Julius *
Flelsehmann are close friends, espec- e
ally at present when they are both at *
;vork trying to get the president's man 1
Tuft nominated. The Idea that the
Fleischmanns should be detected in a
:rooked ways of doing business ''
teems a little startling to men here I
ike Longworth. Senator Foraker al- s
so lives in Cincinnati. I asked the c
senator about his fellow townsman. *
The senator just at this time is not s
led up politically with the ex-mayor. c
fie made only a few of his fascinating '
remarks, answering all my questions 0
vlth a twinkle of his eye and volun- '
:eering very little. He told me about 1
:he north pole trip of Max Fleisch- r
nann and that Julius was the business
nanager and an ex-mayor.?Zach Mc- '
Chee's Washington letter to Columbia
state. ^
m r
THE POLITE DOG.
A^hat the Animal Has Now Been
Taught to Accomplish In Paris.
Quite an unusual sight was witness?d
today on the race course at Vincenles.
Instead of steeplechasers or trotIng
horses, with their multi-colored
ockeys, th? pesage, or inclosure, was
aken up by the curious collection of
jolice dogs and their masters or traintrs.
The "Club Francaise du Chlen do
defence, de Garde, et de Police,' an enirely
private association of amateurs,
lad obtained permission to use the race
rourse for a series of experiments, to
vhich the police authorities were incited.
The ground was frozen, and the
mmense plan of the largest race course
lear Paris looked like a piece of some
emote desert. About fifty persons In
ill, including three fashionable ladles,
lad come to witness the trials, which
vere to consist, first, in a test of the
log's obedience and intelligence. He
vas to walk quietly beside his master
leld in a leash, and then loose, to ex)lore
the ground, sit guard, crouch
lown in concealment, or bark at the ^
vord of command. Rolf was told to
)ark, and a deep rythmical sound came
>ut of his throat three times, as if he
inderstood exactly how many times
vere sufTicient for the occasion. All ^
he dogs went through the first part of
he programme with success.
The most interesting trials were the i
nan-hunt and arrest of supposed r
>urglars. Two men were dressed up j
is Apaches. They were thoroughly c
mdded from head to foot with mat- v
ress-like coverings, and well did they <
?eed them, for the dogs took their bus- jness
in earnest. Each man also wore r
in iron mask and a steel helmet, as 5
veil as iron gloves. A dog was first p
old to escort one of his prisoners to a r
,'iven place. He marched close at his r
;ide, and woe to the man if he made q
he slightest attempt to escape. The t
log would make fierce bound at him fc
ind throw him down in an instant, p
atching, as a rule, the mattress pad- q
ling where it was thickest, and bury- jj
ng his teeth viciously in the man's 0
iupposed Hesh. An armed attack was f
hen represented. A man, represent- s
ng a burglar, crouched with his back
igainst a wall, stood concealed, armed e
vlth a club and a revolver. The train- s
r came along with his dog, and was t
lot supposed to see the man in con- t
ealment. The imaginary burglar sud- t
lenly pounces out at him, fires a shot, y
ind catches the man by the throat, y
rite police-dog, however, hardly gives r]
lim time. In an instant he seizes the r
nan and bowls him over, belaboring t
lim at the same time with his teeth, f
The man is allowed to use his club as r
>ext he can on the dog's back, but the
inimal easily has the better of him, and ^
he blows only stimulate his vigor. r
Only one animal out of nineteen, a s
lerman sheep-dog. refused battle, and v
icted the coward. All the rest per- v
'ormed their part with powerful con- r
;ictfon, and it may well be surmised c
hat a real burglar, though armed with j
dub and revolver, would have fared r
,-ery badly under such an attack. Seven t
logs especially distinguished them- e
selves by their clever and almost scien- g
ific behavior. The best of all seemed v
:?> be a big mastiff called Garcon, who t
las been for some time already in the v
wlice service of Roubaix. Prizes have g
jeen offered by M. Clemenceau, the c
jreinier. who takes great interest in f
hese experiments, and by M. Lepln, j
irefect of police, who was represented t
it Vincennes by the police commissary c
?f Joinville. The prizes vary from 205 _
ranc to 75 francs. M. Hennion, chief
)f the detective bureau, will be present
at the next trials. Further experinents
will also be made witn ambuance
dogs, in which the war office
akes groat interest.?London Telegraph.
KJAIOCI CQC O.IIM IC UCDC
daxim's Invention Terrifying In War
and Peace.
Hiram Percy Maxim, son of Sir Hiam
Mlxlm, who Invented the machine
run which bears his name, has been
granted a patent for a "silent firearm,"
tnd this new weapon In the eyes of
ixperts, threatens to revolutionize the
vorld of firearms.
By the device of the younger Invenor.
now formally announced as fully
>erfected, the discharge of a rifle or
evolver is rendered practically noiseess.
This possibility, combined with
he use of smokeless powder, introtuces
a new factor upon the stage of
varfare. The "silent firearm,' so miltary
experts say, led to entire re>quipment
of the armies of the world.
In the hands of the sportsman, too.
he noiseless weapon offers posslblliles
hitherto unknown. On the other
land, if within reach of the criminal
dasses it presents a new and difficult
iroblern with which the authorities of
he world may have to cope.
Strange, indeed. Is It that the modern
automobile should have been a facor
in contributing this new weapon to
he world. Yet Mr. Maxim, who resides
it Hartford, Conn., asserts that the
'silent firearm" really was as accident,
esulting from his long and careful
itudy of the problem of silencing the
:onstant explosions incident to the
-unning of an automobile engine, for #
he principle Involved in the new wea>on
is similar to that made use of in
h? nutnmnhlle muffler the renort due
0 sudden release of gases at the muz;le
of a firearm when the discharge oc:urs
being prevented through the aclon
of a valve which allows the gas to
scape gradually and with but a slight
ilssing sound.
The result Is obtained by means of
1 "Iston valve sliding across the bore
if the barrel Immediately after the
>ullet passes. This valve is actuated
ntlrely by the pressure of the gases
hemselves, and is not operated by any
ntricate mechanical device.
Preventing the gases from escaping
luddenly nnd provoking a consequent
oud report, this valve allows them to
ssue gradually through a series of
mall holes thus obviating all noise exept
a slight hissing sound. The valve
hen resurfies an open position and a
afety device prevents the firing of anither
cartridge unless the valve is ip
ts proper place. Further, ammunition
f various kinds may be used, ranging
rom leaden bullets and ordinary gun>owder
to forged steel projectiles implied
by smokeless powder.
Military experts, apprised of the new
nventlon, assert that it holds the powtr
to force revolution of modern methods
of warfare. By the use of this
loiseless weapon skirmishers could
vork along an enemy's front and shoot
lown pickets without their presence
>eing noted except on discovery of the
1 1J 1
nam. oiiarpsnuuiers wuuiu uc tuiauicu
o pick off their victims without re>orts
of weapons betraying: their portions.
The extended front of an enIre
army, carefully masked by under>rush
or natural formations, might
ven operate with tremendous execulon
before Its position could be accuately
defined by an opposing force.
Therefore, the force equipped with this
ceapon would hold an initial advanage
overwhelming in its possibilities.
In the world of sport It Is held by
he Inventor that the new weapon
vould render it possible for a man.
>roperly concealed, to kill at his lelsire
probably every deer in a surpriesd
terd, as no alarm would be sounded.
Yom his cover on shore a man armed
vlth his noiseless gun might pick off
ivery bird in a flock without alarming
he lessening number to flight.
Because of its dreadful possibilities
n the world of crime many poMce ofIclals
already have Insisted that the
nanufacture and disposal of the new
levice should be safeguarded by law.
A ROUGH DIAMOND.
To the Touch It Greatly Resembles a
Lump of Alum.
I asked a dealer: "How is It possi>le
to distinguish a diamond in the
ough from ordinary pebbles of jas>er,
quartz, carnelian, heliotrope and
>ther similar stones? Are not many
'aluable stones lost In the sorting?"
'Millions of dollars' worth annually."
le replied. "Here is a rough dianond.
It weighs fifteen carats.
Shut your eyes and put It in your
>ocket. There. Now feel of it, and
emember exactly how It feels. You
lotice a smooth soaplness? Of course,
'hat soaplness or olllness is shared
?y no other mineral, or at all events
>y no other white stone. Now hand
t to me, still keeping your eyes shut,
.'hanks. Put this In your pocket. It
s another fifteen carat stone. I have
illy two of that kind. How does it
eel? You find the same olllness or
oapiness, do you not? Of course.
"Give it back to me. Open your
yes. Here are the two diamonds,
I "3 ~ V?.? oMa (o o *?ao1 Hiamnnti
1UC uy OlUC, lie J is a i eat u
he other Is a piece of alum. Alum is
he only substance that can be misaken
by the feel for a diamond. If
ou had not been so anxious about
our sense of touch you would have
lotlced that the alum diamond is
nuch lighter than the genuine. Play
his trick on some of your expert
riends who think they can tell a dianond
as far as they can see or feel it.
"I recollect a Boer who, having
leard that the diamond is the hardest
naterial in nature, placed a good
ized one on the tire of his wagon
vheel and gave it a mighty crack
vith his sledge hammer. This naturally
splintered it to atoms, for the
liamond, singularly enough, is not a
lomogeneous substance, but is lamilated,
or in layers. In some diamonds
hese layers may be easily separated,
specially in the so-called "plate
rlass" ones. Cutters always take advantage
of the layers in their oporaions.
"Plate glass" diamonds are alvays
white and peculiarly clear. They
ire so brittle that they often splinter
?f themselves on being disemboweled
rom the earth and introduced to the
Ight. It is the practice now to.wrap
hem in cotton wool and let them reeive
the light and air very gradually.
?New York Press.