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^ ISSUED SSaQ-WEEKL^
i. u. obists sons, Publisher.. } % jfantilg gwrapaptr: Jfor h
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resembled the felloe of a modern wagon
wheel. With large wooden pins
this hoop felloe, or whatever It may be
called, was secured to the hogshead;
one of these hoops being attached to
each end so high as to raise the"hogshead
Itself off the ground. In each end
of the hogshead a wooden gudgeon
was fastened. To these gudgeons were
attached something that might be
called shafts. The whole when complete
constituted a cart of the most
primitive kind.
In vehicles of this kind did the first
settlers of this country transport their
produce from all sections of the state
to Charleston. A trip to Charleston In
those days was attended with as much
romance as is a trip to Europe at the
present time. It was an onerous undertaking;
still It was fun of excitement.
To go to Charleston in the
manner above aescnoea was me mgnest
ambition to which the boys of the
country aspired. A long life time was
too short to tell all that they saw and
heard during such a trip. Really there
was crowded Into the space of a
month?the time during which one of
these trips was made?a vast amount
of human life in all Its different aspects.
Rarely did a single Individual?i
dertake a trip to Charleston alone.
Generally a small caravan was formed
before leaving home. On the way the
number was increased so that often
the road for a considerable distance
was crammed with primitive carts.
Every company made It a point to have
a supply of "the good greature." At
every watering place the "little brown
Jug" was brought out and its contents
tasted by the whole crowd. The caravan
consisted of wagons of all shapes
and descriptions, together with a number
of cows and calves and mountain
steers. The cows were milked night
and morning, Just as if at home and
the traders lived very much as they
did when on their farms. They were
In no great nurry. Tney took me
world easy and rarely deserted a fellow
trader In distress. If the wagon
of one of the party broke down, the
whole company called a ha'.t and went
to work to repair the injury. They
shared to the fullest extent each others'
Joy and sorrows. Around the
camp fire at night, they cracked Jokes,
discussed questions of grave importance,
both in church and state or
worked pranks on each other. Not unfrequently
their fun would end in earest
and a hearty laugh was often followed
by a hard fight. That was
however, in the days before big knives
and pocket pistols had been introduced,
and a fight only resulted in black
eyes and sore rib9. Neither did they
allow their anger to burn continually.
A fight generally was an end to all
strife.
A man who would have gone to court
in those early days of our republic
with an assault and battery case would
nave oeen reguiucu uy cicij vuc ???
the community as a consummate
coward and a sneaking puppy. We, In
this age of advanced civilization and
refined customs, may be shocked at
the barbarous manner in which the
first settlers of our country adjusted
their petty grievances, but it may be
questioned whether the ends of justice
are better secured now than then. A
fight cost the community nothing and
a good sound thrashing proved more
effective In reforming the disturbers of
the public peace than either the county
jail or state penitentiary of the
present day do.
We will undertake to defend neither
the fighting mode of adjusting private
Hifflpiiitips nor the trial iustice mode.
Both Indicate a bad state of morals.
In those primitive times in the wilds
of North America, every man constituted
himself a Judge, lawyer and jury
and settled his own difficulties without
troubling his neighbors. There
may have been more fighting in those
days than now, but there is more quarreling
and lawing now than then.
On one of those Charleston trips. It
was generally understood that some
trick was to be worked on every one
that was met. Sometimes in working
these tricks the moral law was not
observed very strictly. The following
Incidents will give the reader some
knowledge of the character of the
nrnnka that these nrlmitive traders
were accustomed to play.
Sometime after the close of the Revolutionary
war. four Individuals from
York county set out for Charleston
with a drove of cattle. Amongst the
crowd was one by the name of Ezeklel
Price. They passed down what was
then called the "Bratton road" in the
direction of Chesterville. The road
leading from the western portion of
Chester county to White's mill in the
eastern portion of the county and this
road united at that time about a mile
above Chester court house.
On reaching the point at which the
AW
HE REMUTHHi
j Was Kept Alive By ail
ble People.
r LATHAN, D. D.
two roads intersect, a gentleman was
seen approaching them from, the direction
of Catawba river. He rode a fine
horse and was provided with saddle
bags. Everything indicated that the
man was not in his own neighborhood.
On approacmng wunin speaiuug uiotance
he Inquired of the four cattle
drivers If they could tell him the road
to Augusta. Three of them said they
could not. Price, however said, "That
sir Is the road that goes to Augusta,"
pointing at the same time in the direction
from which the traveler was coming.
No doubt Price only designed playing
a trick on the traveler. Whether
he knew the road that led to Augusta
or not he certainly knew that the road
he pointed out to the stranger did not
lead to Augusta. His object probably
was to Induce the traveler to turn
back. Be this as It may, the traveler,
without saying a word rode on. In
a short time, Price and his companions
reached the place where now Is
the town of Chester. At the corner
once occupied by George Kennedy,
h?ro watt a "nnhlln house" as a hotel
In those days was called. Price had
forgotten all about directing the
stranger as to the road to Augusta.
He was. It happened. In the rear of
the cattle, whilst his three companions
were, one in front, one on each wing.
Just as Price made the turn to go
down the hill, the stranger stepped out
of the door of the hotel and confronting
Price, asked him in a cool and deliberate
tone if he was the man who
had directed him the road to Augusta.
Price without suspecting anything said
he was. Without uttering another
word the traveler grasped Price by the
throat and first Jerking him forward
and then pushing him backward, threw
him on the ground. Without letting
go his grasp upon his throat he placed
his knees upon his breast and violently
choked him until poor Price was
black in the face and his tongue protruded
from his mouth, when the traveler
stooped down and bit off the top
of it. This done he rose saying. "Now
tell another man a lie." Price was un
able to proceed; but was forced to remain
under such medical treatment as
could at that day be obtained, until
his three companions drove their cattle
to Charleston, disposed of them
and returned.
The Incident which we are about to
matmtm, will give - us some idea of the
fighting proclivities of at least some
of the first settlers of this country. In
York county, in the region bordering
on King's Mountain there lived a numerous
people by the name of Henry.
Amongst the Henrys was one who was
known by the name of "Big Jim." At
a very early period in the history of
the country, Big Jim Henry had made
a trip to Charleston. On his return
some short distance above Yorkvllle,
he met a wagon. The driver was a
large man but advanced in years.
Neither Henry nor he knew each other.
On meeting him, Henry accosted
him in the following style: "I have
been to Charleston and am nearly
home again and have not had a fight
yet. Get down sir; I am determined
to have a fight before I go home." To
this the bantered man replied: "I am
too old to fight; you must let me off."
About this time the son of the old man
came up and without any other provocation
than what had passed, declared
his willingness to fight Henry.
Both stripped and at it they went with
as much energy as If they had been
enemies for years.
It will no doubt gratify the reader to
know that Big Jim Henry got not only
a fight but a sound thrashing. Who
the young man was, Big Jim Henry
never knew; but the thrashing he never
forgot. ,
At present when it is reported that
two men have fought, we conclude
that they were either drunk or one had
cheated the other. In fact, a modern
fight is a poor concern. It usually occurs
at a place where the parties are
sure to be separated about the time
they strike the first blow. Then they
foam at the mouth and rant. This was
*V*/v *? tV?AaA /\1/1 #A11AU>O fAiitrht
ivji mc r* ?t even hv accident, was
put to death. Diana assumed the
form of a cat and excited the fury
of the giants.?London Mirror.
Cat That Seemed to Understand.
As striking a cat story as I have
heard in a long time comes from Alton,
N. H., and is vouched for absolutely.
The cat was accustomed to
visit the next door neighbor after
each meal to be fed and petted, bringing
also two kittens.
One of the women at the house
thus visited, who had entertained a
dislike for cats, finally, on observing
the animals, expressed aloud a liking
for the gray kitten and said she Intended
to ask to be allowed to keep
it.
The next day when mother cat
came for her bits only one kitten accompanied
her, but she took away
some choice morsels for the one left
at home. This continued several days,
when the woman who had at first expressed
intention to get the kitten
which the cat was feeding remarked
that she had given up whoUy the
* -? ' All
laea OI securing me Sia; amcu. ?... |
three felines appeared at the next
meal and have done so since.?Boston
Record.
A South. Amarioan Cat
Among the many Interesting animals
received at the Zoological Cardens
is Ceoffroy's cat. It is a good
sized species, about two feet in length
of body, and furnished with a tall
about fifteen inches long.
In color it is much like a leopard,
having a coat of reddish brown covered
all over with black spots. The
Argentine republic is its home, and
it is generally known there aa the
wood cat In habits tt Is like all
the members of its family, being exceedingly
bloodthirsty and a terror to
all the denizens of its haunts possessed
of less power than itself.?London
Daily Graphic.
Cat That Ata Cucumberu.
A cat that ate cucumbers and
squashes has just been dispatched
in the town of Wells and, so far as
? ?1 I- .nnth.r lllra (t
JVIIUWII, U1CIC 10 UVb auuhiivi iimv %
In York county.
The animal had been living on
Elm Farm, which Is owned by Mra
Vesta E. Hammond, and for some time
the people living near the place have
been troubled by some animal eating
Into the cucumbers that were left and
the squashes were faring about as
badly.
It was a long time before It was
discovered what was doing the mischief.
The cucumbers and squashes
were harvested and It was thought
that they would be all right In the
barn.
One day Charles Graves, the hired
man, went Into the barn rather
quickly and there found the cat eating
away on a ripe cucumber. It had
already put one of the squashes out
of business so far as its ever being
made into pies was concerned.?Kennebec
Journal.
8aluting a Cat.
In Poona, at the government house,
for more than a quarter of a century
every cat which passed out of the
front door at dark was saluted by tW
sentry, who presented arms to the
terrified pussy.
It Beems that in 1838 Sir Ilobert
Grant, governor of Bombay, died in
the government house, Poona, and on
the evening of the day of his death
a cat was seen to leave the house
by the front door and to walk upland
dow.n a particular path precisely as
the late governor had been used to
do after sunset. A Hindu sentry observed
and reported this to the sepoys
of his faith and they laid the matter
1 ?'V*A Avnlolna^ fn tkom
ueiorc a, piicai, nuu CA|J|eing landed, the survivor being Texas.
The latter was the president's
mount during his service In Cuba and
returned with him to Oyster Bay.
There he died a few years since, and
the president, out of gratitude for the
faithful service of the beast, gave him
a decent burial on Sagamore Hill.
Doubtless some day the president will
erect over Texas' remains a monument
on which will be Inscribed fitting
words.
Oen. Robert E. Lee, like nearly all
the Lees, was not only a splendid figure
on a horse, but a fine horseman
and a good judge of a horse. When
a young man, and in middle life, he
lilted a dash of thoroughbred in his
mounts. His father, the celebrated
"Light Horse Harry" of the Revolutionary
war, was, next to Washington.
the best horseman In the Continental
army, and the most commanding
figure. The Lees of Virginia inherited
their love for the horse and
ease, grace and skill in the saddle
from a long line of ancestors who had
served their king In the field. It was
one of Robt E. Lee's progenitors,
Lionel Lee, who rode to the Crusades
^gj.th the lion-hearted Richard, and It
if"Imported that the coat of armor
worn by this Lee can still be seen In
the Tower of London. It was General
Lee's father who Imported Into
(,hls section the celebrated Lindsay's
Arabian from New England. The
horse stood In the District of Columbia
one or two seasons subsequent to
the Revolutionary war, and It Is a
matter of history that his get were
highly prized here and In Virginia.
Washington and "Light Horse Harry"
had noticed during the war that the
New England men were mounted on
horses of unusual beauty, strength,
courage and endurance, and learned
that nearly all were descendants of a
horse called Lindsay's Arabian.
Whether he was a ruiiDiooa or noi is
not known. It was at Washington's
suggestion that Henry Lee purchased
the stallion. Pure-bred Arabians are
classed in the stud books as thoroughbreds
and can be registered as such.
General Robert E. Lee's favorite
war horse was a cob-built gray gelding
called Traveler, probably named
after the celebrated running horse
that his father had once owned which
was a son of the thoroughbred Traveler.
The gray gelding was foaled In
West Virginia, where General Lee discovered
him, and he rode him in every
battle In which he was engaged
from the siege of Richmond until he
surrendered the Army of Northern
Virginia at Appomattox Court House
to General Grant. Traveler survived
his master one or two years, when his
life was cut short by lockjaw, one of
his fore feet being punctured by a
rusty nail. While at the head of
Washington and Lee university at
Lexington, General Lee was in the
habit of taking daily outings on Traveler.
and aulte freauently might be
seen riding along the streets of the
town with a little miss perched In
front of him on the saddle bow.
General Ulysses S. Grant had a
great fondness for a good horse and
was a prime Judge of horseflesh as
was his antagonist Lee. During the
Civil war he 'iad many mounts, but
the horse he liked best and prized
most was a small-sized bay-geldlng,
which was taken from the plantation
of Jefferson Davis In Mississippi while
the general was engaged In the siege
of Vlcksburg. and which he named
Jeff Davis. Jeff, from the date of
ownership, was the general's constant
companion. He rode him on nearly
all the stricken fields of the southwest.
The faithful beast carried him
safely through the morasses, bogs and
entanglements of the Wilderness and
along the bloody trenches In the region
around Spottsylvanla Court
House. He witnessed, with his master,
the terrible slaughter at Cold
Harbor, where 12,000 Federals turned
rigid faces to the sky In upward of
one hour; he bore the general across
ihe James and In front of Petersburg;
he traversed the long lines for months
at all hours of the day and night.
When the end came he shared his
-nnofor'n trlumnhs. and If a dumb
beast, through the mercy of God, be
permitted to think as well as feel,
shared his hopes for a restored Union
and a stronger bond between the
states than had existed from the hour
of the adoption of the Federal constitution.
It has been demonstrated over and
over that large horses, like large men,
are not as well fitted for the march
and other duties of the field as horses
and men of medium size. A single Illustration
will suffice. During the
four years of Civil war General Abe
Buford of Kentucky rode a son of the
thoroughbred Wagner, he that defeated
the pride of Kentucky, Gray Eagle,
in a famous race of three mile neats
along in the 60s. The son of Wagner
was scarcely 15.3 hands in height and
weighed only a trifle over 900 pounds,
while General Buford stood six feet in
his stockings and weighed 350 pounds.
It is almost Incredible that a horse of
such size and weight could carry a
man of such bulk, especially when it
is to be remembered that, added to
the general's weight must be taken
Into account the saddle, blanket and
other necessary accoutrements, which
must have weighed something over
100 pounds. Nevertheless It is stated
that he did all these things and came
out of the service sound, as far as
limb and wind are concerned.
"Stonewall" Jackson was as picturesque
in the saddle as he was on foot.
The grim old Presbyterian elder had
ridden in his youth in West Virginia,
in races for an uncle, of which act in
later years he was not proud. At the
beginning of the Civil war or thereabouts,
some of his admirers presented
him with a war charger suitable for
a man of growing fame and bright
military future. He had been riding
up to that date a rather undersized
sorrel gelding of very meek appearance,
which was one of a carload captured
by his command at some point
on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad,
and consigned to Washington. This
particular animal the general gave
the name of Fancy, although from all
accounts of Confederate soldiers it
fell far short of the title in equine
attributes, excppt in one respect; he
had a fancy whenever the command
halted for lying down and rolling like
a dog. What the general most liked
about him. aside from his auiet man
ner was his gait, which he himself
described as being as "easy a.; a cradle."
Evidently the animal was of
the hobby horse variety.
The mount selected for Jackson was
quite another animal in blood, disposition
and spirit On a certain review
the general, dressed in a new uniform
In the place of the dingy gray he had
long worn, appeared on the held
mounted on his blooded charger, but
when the band struck up "Hail to the
Chief" and his men burst into loud
cheers, the horse bolted, threw "Old
Jack," and trailed the new uniform
in the dust. Fancy was never thereafter
displaced in his affection and esteem.
He rode him in his valley and
neninsular campaigns and was on his
back on the evening of May 2, 1863, at
Chancellor8vllle, when he received
the wound which resulted In his untimely
death. For a lcng time Fancy
was lost after the above event, but
was Anally found by a Confederate
soldier, and subsequently given a
home in the family of Jackson's father-in-law,
Dr. Morrison, Lincoln county,
N. C. Fancy lived to a most extraordinary
age, dying about eighteen
years ago. His skin was prepared by
an expert attached to the Smithsonian
institute and is now on exhibition at
the Confederate Soldiers' home, RlchThe
black gelding Sheridan rode in
his campaigns in the southwest and
In Virginia was a Michigan-bred animal,
and must have come from good
stock to have performed such long
and arduous service. Those who knew
Sheridan best admit that he was a
hard taskmaster. "Little Phlll" was
a human dynamo. The nervous energy
confined within his compact frame
was sufficient to stock the organism of
half a dozen commonplace beings.
Champions of the Morgan breed of
horse have always maintained that
Sheridan's favorite charger was a
Morgan, and from the description that
Sheridan gives himself of his characteristics
and general conformation it
is quite possible that they are correct.
Despite brevity of stature Sheridan
was an inspiring figure on a horse.
Wature mat a anlriler after her own
heart when she brought forth Sheridan.
. Wherever and whenever he appeared
In public no placard was needed
to be pinned to his back to tell
one he was a soldier. He was war Incarnate
In war times, and whether In
peace or war he was a man of action
?a man who did things. Time, the
crucible In which public reputations
are tested, will demonstrate that In
the facility to use Infantry and cavalry
effectively at the psychological moment
but one other ever existed
worthy of comparison?Napoleon.
I Rlenl, Sheridan's war charger, also
lived to a ripe old age, proving that In
some Instances active service Is conducive
of longevity.
General Joseph E. Johnston's favorite
mount was a beautiful thoroughbred
bay mare called Fannie.
Although she carried her master
through numerous battles she was
never wounded, and the general never
seriously but once, which occurred
on his retreat to Richmond In 1862.
After the war Fannie was retired to
a rarm wnere sne spent me remainucr
of her days In leisure.
General Longstreet was a connolseur
of horseflesh. The best was none
too good for him. His favorite charger
was a handsome 16-hands bay gelding
called Hero, by thoroughbred Red
Eve. and he by a son of the celebrated
Boston, who ran forty-eight races
at one, two, three and four mile heats
and won forty-five. Boston was by
Tlmmoleon, his dam being a daughter
of Ball's Florlzel, which John Randolph
once said was never beaten and
never felt the touch of whip or spur.
Boston sired Lexington who was an
Inmate of the stables of Senator
Uava IrtvQplahlv
cmunuui u a minci. nciv, nifi*???*wV
pronounced by Longstreet's Irish
groom, Haro, was the general's mount
at Gettysburg and also In the Wilderness.
where his master was desperately
wounded while on his back.
Gen. Jeb Stuart had many mounts
In his strenuous, but short military
career. His favorite was a thoroughbred
mare called Virginia. In his last
battle at Yellow Tavern, where he met
Sheridan's forces, he rode a handsome
gray gelding which made the great
cavalry leader a conspicuous mark for
Federal bullets. Another horse of
which the general was fond was a
handsome bay called Bullet.
General Wade Hampton, who succeeded
Stuart In command of the Confederate
cavalry of the Army of
Northern Virginia, had so many horses
wounded and killed under him that it
is hard to keep account of them.
More than any other officer In the
service of the south he had large reserves
of horseflesh to draw from,
and of the very best blood In the country.
His father was not only a very
large breeder of thoroughbreds, but
imported numerous nuieu uurws
from England, the home of the ihodern
thoroughbred. The most noted
. runner the Hamptons owned was the
I famous Black Maria, which in one
race of the split heats ran twenty
miles, an event unparalleled up to
that date. General Hampton rode
none but horses of proudest lineage.
The one he best liked, on account of
his superb courage and endurance was
a 16 J hands bay, and described as the
handsomest horse in the Confederate
army. He was named Beauregard.
He was wounded at Gettysburg, soon
after his master was borne from that
stricken held. He followed the geneI
ral to the hospital. There he was un
! saddled. Then throwing himself
down outside the hospital tent he
[died.
[ General Fltzhugh Lee, like Stuart
| and Hampton, was & bold and ubiquitous
rider, and like them he also had
many mounts during the civil war.
No liner horseman ever drew rein
than this favorite son of Virginia. In
war days he was slender and supple,
and withal muscular. All the Lees
rode like centaurs; it was their birthright.
His choice of mounts was a
beautiful dapple-gray mare with a
mane and tall like sliver, and he called
her Nellie Gray, the title of his favorite
ballad. Nellie Gray was killed
while under the general at the battle
of Winchester, when Sheridan drove
Early up the valley.
General W. T. Sherman did not
care so much for style in his mounts,
but he would demand that the horses
in his menage should look well fed,
should be well groomed and able to
carry him wherever he wanted to go.
A "fool horse,"*' one that could not be
taught to stand Are, he would not own
long. During his four years of war
perhaps a score or horses passeci
through his hands. The horse that
stood him best and which he rode on
the march to the sea and at the grand
review in Washington was old Cumph.
He was a large sised bay or brown
gelding, muscular In all his proportions
and a horse of great gameness.
Whenever the general could be induced
to mellow up and talk on war
times (which was infrequent) he always
took occasion to pay a tribute
to the good sense and endurance of
Old Cumph.?Washington Star.
D0Q8 OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
Turks Treat Them Kindly, Refusing to
Kill Even the Maimed.
The dogs are a great feature of Constantinople,
and, Indeed, of all Turkish
towns. They lie about In amiable
heaps in the sunshine and are most
; considerately treated by the Turks,
though occasionally they suffer at tne
hands of Greeks or Armenians. One
constantly sees a slumbering group,
over which the passersby carefully
step, monopolizing the very centre of
a busy, crowded street. Each road has
its own pack, which protests vehemently
against any foreign trespasser.
Tet a dog may pass where he pleases,
says a writer In Blackwood's Magazine,
by making, In the Turkish phrase,
"tessllm"?that Is, "resignation." In
a street not his own he is obliged
every few yards to lie on his back and
wave his paws propltlatlngly, while an
Inhospitable chorus barks around him.
The progress Is slow and undignified,
but In the end sure.
Some of the dogs are handsome, and
nearly all have most courtly manners,
but the great majority are either crippled
by carriages or mange stricken.
When puppies appear upon the scene
the nearest Turk provides a basket and
milk, and sees generally to their welfare,
and woe betide the foreigner
**Va -'ao lr111 o hnnnd
Once I was passing down a street at
dusk, but stopped to make the acquaintance
of a puppy like a ball of
worsted. I had established a very satisfactory
basis for future friendship
and was going on my way when I heard
the rattle of wheels and yelping. Going
back I found the poor little beast
had been run over and had two legs
broken. As a big Turkish porter was
passing I offered him a franc to put
the puppy out of Its pain, a work I
did not relish. He was ready to take
it roughly from my hands, but not to
kill It. "That's different," he said; "to
take life is wicked."
There are many repellent sights in
Constantinople and It Is hard to conceive
a picture which more realistically
represents a scene from the Inferno
than an ordinary business transaction
that occurs nightly. Dogs are the
scavengers of Constantinople, and ev
-- anif
ery night tne reruse 01 uuwu ???.*.
houses Is thrown out into the streets.
A class of men exists which lives
*y rag picking and diligently Investigates
the contents of these heaps, while
the dogs snarl and bay around him
-mvageiy, resenting his intrusion into
their perquisites.
IN ARMOR YlMES.
Strength of English War Horses In the
Days of Henry VIII.
The size of the English war horse
reached its maximum In the reign of
Henry VIII., when the relations of
body armor to "hand guns" were analogous
to those of the early ship armor
and cannon. There was good reason
to believe, says the London Spectator,
that by adding a little to the thickness
of the coat of steel the soft, low
velocity bullet of the day could be
kept out. So It was for a time. But
the additional weight required a still
larger horse to carry it. The charger
" * ?aa won nq his rider.
naa lu ue anuuicu ?
and the collection In the Tower of
London shows the actual weight
which It carried. The panoply of
Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk,
the brother-in-law of Henry VIII.,
still exists. Thai of the horse covers
the whole of the hindquarters, the
back of the neck, forehead,' muule,
ears, shoulders and chest. It Is exactly
like a piece of boiler plating
and fastened by rivets.
The rider sat In a saddle, the front
of which was a steel shield ten inches
high, covering the stomach and thighs
as the "breastwork" on an ironclad's
deck covers the base of the turret.
The total weight is eighty pounds
fifteen ounces. To this add the weight
of the rider's armor, ninety-nine
pounds nine ounces, and of the rider
himself, say sixteen stones (224
pounds), and the total is twenty-eight
stones twelve pounds eight ounces, or
404 pounds 8 ounces. This bears out
Holllnshead's statement that In the
days of Henry Vlll., "who erected a noble
studderle for breeding horses, especially
the greatest sort," such as
were kept, for burden, those animals
would bear four hundredweight commonly.
ins DUT o n?nu kv i
Rules For Thoir Supervision In Colonial
Times.
Along with other enllghtennienta of
the age the genua boy seema now to
be better understood and appreciated
than in the days of the colonies. The
worthy advocates of the precept that
"children should be seen and not
heard" were apt to forget that If
young people were "heard" at proper
seasons they were much more apt to
be "seen" to advantage when occasion
required. The boys of 1700 were no
worse than those of today. What
modern lad could sit through a two
hours sermon without the aid of much
wriggling and squirming and an occasional
kick or two? Mr. W. R. Bliss,
in his book on colonial meeting
houses, tells how the youthful portion
of the congregation was regarded by
our very great-grandfathers.
Certain laws enacted In Massachusetts
at the end of the struggle with
King Philip declared that the war
was a punishment for "the disorder
and rudeness of youth in many congregatldns
In time of the worship of
God." John Eliot, pastor at Roxbury,
evidently thought this a harsh charge
to lay at the boys' door, for he expressed
his opinion that they had
nothing to do with It, ana tnat tne
war waa a judgment on the people for
wearing wigs.
In 1666 John Dawes of Boston was
empowered to take care of all young
people "that are disorderly In time of
Ood's Sollem worship" and to correct
the unruly one with a small wand. In
1723 John Pike was paid ?16 for
keeping boys in subjection in the time
of service, for six months. When
hired the second time he doubled the
price.
On Cape Cod four men were appointed
by a town to take care of the
boys on the Lord's day and to whip
them If necessary. Such officers were
termed 'Inspectors of youth." In
Duxbury, as late as 1760, a committee
was chosen to look after "the wretched
boys" on the Sabbath.
What did these colonial lads do to
require such supervision? One almost
shrinks from examining Into their
lawlessness; but the records reveal
the depths of their Iniquity.
They did not stand up as their
elders did for the long prayers, but
sat with their hats on "during ye
whole exercise." They ran out before
the prayer was done and "ye
Blessing pronounced." They were
guilty of "Rude and Idel Behaver
such as Smiling and Larfing and Intiseing
others to the Same Evil"; of
"Puling the heir of their naybers in
time of public Worship."
"One's Imagination might go or and
* St? J ...Aakalls
add tne paper uu.ua uuu uuwumu
which were probably thrown from
the galleries where "the wretched
boys" were imprisoned, the shaking
of benches, the sly pinches and the
similar ebullitions of youthful spirits
which went to make up the sum total - , h
of colonial wickedness.
COLOR COMBINATIONS.
How They Were Cleverly Used In Ex*
posing a Fraud.
In a large factory In which were employed
several hundred persons one of
the workmen in wielding his hammer
carelessly allowed it to slip from his
hand. It flew halfway across the room
and struck a fellow workman In the
left eye. The man afterward averred
-1--* Ul- ?? moo hllnriari hv thft blOW.
Vliat 11IO XJJ O TT UW ~ ,
although & careful examination failed
to reveal any Injury, there being not a
scratch visible.
He brought suit in the courts for
compensation for the joss of half of
his eyesight, and refused all offers of
compromise. Under the law the owner
of the factory was responsible for an
Injury resulting from an accident of
this kind.
The day of the trial arrived, and In
open court an eminent oculist, retained
by the defense, examined the alleged
injured member and gave It as his
opinion that it was as good as the right
eye.
Upon the plaintiff's loud protest of
his Inability to see with his left eye
the oculist proved him a perjurer and
satisfied the court and jury of the falsity
of his claim. He did It simply by
knowing that the colors green and red
combined make black.
He prepared a black card, on which
a few words were written In green Ink.
Then the plaintiff was ordered to put
on a pair of spectacles with two different
glasses, the one for the right eye
being red, and the one for the left eye 1
consisting of ordinary glass. Then the
card was handed to him, and he was
ordered to read the writing on It
through the glasses.
This he did without hesitation, and
the cheat was at once exposed. Owing
to the effect which the colored glass
must have had upon the green writing
the sound right eye fitted with the red
glass could not possibly distinguish
the writing on the black surface of the
card, while the left eye, which he pretended
was sightless, was the one with
which the reading had to be done.?
London Standard.
POLICE OF PARI8.
How the Third Brigade 8pies Upon
he Whale Force.
Vance Thompson describes in Everybody's,
the famous Third brigade
of the Paris police, whose business is
to supervise the police. It is composed
of an officer de paix, a principal inspector,
a brigadier, five sub-brigadiers
and about seventy-live picked
men. About half are assigned to
watch the policemen. He is a bold
policeman who commits any of the
little sins dear to the patrolman's
heart. There is hardly a chance that
he will not be detected in time. Reprimand
follows, after that fine and
lastly dismissal. There is always a
long "waiting list" of candidates,
sound young fellow, fresh from the
army, and the city can choooe its new
servants among the best.
The other half of the Third brigade
is engaged in work of a more typically
Latin kind. It investigates all comDlaints
made against the patrolmen
by chiefs and citizens, and it maintains
a regular system of espionage
upon the private lives of all policemen.
'This, of course, Is tne la tin way
of doing things," writes Mr. Thompson.
"Wrong as It may be In principle.
It serves to weed out the men of
bad character and bad habits and bad
associations, and prevents that monstrous
alliance of the police and the
The Third brigade in turn Is watched
by a smaller body of detectives,
who report directly to the prefect of
police.