Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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? ? ISSUED SBMI-WKBHLT. L *. 8iimi sons, Pibiithert. } % j[atmlj JJnrsjiaflfr: Jfor th< promotion o| thf galittwl, ?aaial, ^gritullapl and (femmeylal Infarcts of th^ |to{li. [ HIXGLE QtoPT.^rmE flUIM. ESTABLISHED I88g. YORKVILLE, 8. C., FRI DAY, 8EPTEM ^0^74^ SOUTH CftROiHI T How the Spirit of Libertj Unconquera By REV. ROBER' From the Torkvllle Enquirer of 1876. INSTALLMENT XXXI. The Battle of Cowpena and ita Results, Incidents, Etc. It Is natural for us to dwell with special delight upon the worthy deeds of our ancestors. By an Instinct which nothing but death can overcome, we cherish the spot which gave us birth. The exile from his native land revisits In dreams the play grounds of his childhood. In his lonely cell, thoughts All his mind which may be expressed in this short sentence: "Take me home to die." If we may Innocently love our -native land with an Intensity which no oppression can destroy, may we not also as intensely love those who gave us existence and bequeathed to us that native land? The part which the south took in the Revolutionary war is not understood by the American people, at least it has never received that prominence which it justly deserves. The battles of Lexington. Saratoga and Bennington, together with an almost countless number of skirmishes which took place in the north, form the woof and warp of Revolutionary history; whilst the battles of Kinsr's Mountain and Cow pens are treated with silent neglect. British offlcera did not think these bat- , ties small affairs, which might be forgotten in a few days. Lieutenant Colonel Tarleton, in speaking of the fall of Ferguson, deliberately declared that the discomfiture of the British at King's Mountain, put a period to the first expedition of the British into North Carolina and the affair of the Cowpens overshadowed the commence- i ment of the second with gloom. It is ( easy to see according to all human probabilities, what would have been the , result had Ferguson been victorious at King's Mountain. Cornwallis would have formed a junction with General Leslie at Portsmouth, and In that event ( it would have been impossible for General Washington to have concentrated troops to resist either Cornwallis or Clinton. The British camp would have swarmed with loyalists, whilst the American army would have been annihilated by desertions. Had Tarleton been victorious at the Cowpens, General Greene would have been ruined. Cornwallis could have either cut him off and forced him to surrender or run him Into the arms of the traitor, Arnold. The loss of either King's Moun- , tain or Cowpens, would have lost to , the Americans, Georgia, the two Caro- , Unas and Virginia and ultimately all of the thirteen colonies. It must be remembered that the vie- , torles gained at King's Mountain and the Cowpens. forever broke the spirit of the Tories and loyalists from the Dan | (o me jsavaanaa. as we win see >u the sequel, this class of citizens lost all , confidence In the king's troops to protect them. These were no Idle fears. It was a deliberate conclusion deduced from facts. At King's Mountain the British lost absolutely everything and the Americans comparatively nothing. At the Cowpens, the British lost in , killed and prisoners nearly as many men as the Americans had in the battle. The news of these sad disasters, spread amongst the loyalists from Cross creek. North Carolina, to Augusta, Georgia. Dreadful was the consternation which it produced among the friends of King ( George. On the other hand, Joy and , gladness filled the hearts of the friends of liberty. Perhaps most of those military chieftains who hgve learned all their theories of war second handed, would be ready to censure both Campbell and Morgan. Ferguson was well posted on a craggy mountain. He was well provided with men and the munitions of war. The patriot band who attacked him, were self-made soldiers. They knew little of the science of war as taught in the schools. The same remark will apply to the heroes of the Cowpens. Colonel Tarleton was centalnly a brave man and a skillful officer, His men were well provided with everything that such a corps required. General Daniel Morgan, the principal *? a ~* in cuiiiintiiiu ui me uoiuc ui me ^unpens, was one of those men whose real character is likely to be misunderstood. There are multitudes of the human family who have learned the art of selling themselves for more than they are really worth. In a social and moral point of view, they appear to be better than they really are. They put on airs and look wise and pretend to be good and wise and the multitude In process of time accord to them all that greatness and goodness which they claim. To this class of men General Morgan did not belong. He was a better man in every respect than he appeared to be. By birth he was a native of New Jersey. His ancestors came from Wales. In his viens no doubt there was some blood which the Caesars could not subdue. His parents were poor ana unaDie 10 oequeain 10 ineir son anything but a life of toll. His education was neglected as was the case with many others In those days. In 1781, when young Morgan was in his seventeenth year, he left the humble home of his parents and came to Frederick county, Virginia. He engaged with one of the wealthy planters of that region as a day laborer. Even at that early period of his life, he contemplated by Industry and proper management, bettering his condition in life. The planter made him his wagoner. Morgan so Increased his means that In the expedition which General Braddock led against the Indians and In which he was killed, he accompanied the army, driving a wagon of his own. During this expedition of Braddock, Morgan Incurred the displeasure of a British officer and was sentenced to receive five hundred lashes. After the punishment had been Inflicted, It was discovered that Morgan was not guilty of the crime for which he had been so cruelly treated. At the time Morgan bore the indignity like a stoic, and in after life manifested no resentment toward British officers whom the foltunes of war placed in his hands. The AH) upmam r Was Kept Alive By an ble People. r LATHAN, D. D. whipping was performed by a bugler who discharged the duty with great reluctancy. In his excitement he made a miscount. Inflicting only four hundred and ninety-nine lashes. In speaking of this, Morgan was accustomed ever afterward to say that "the British government owed him one lash yet." Phvalrallv Morcan was a srlant. He was not quarrelsome, but had no Inclination to keep down disturbances. He was at one time a noted gambler and at the same time disposed to work all sorts of mischief on his associates. It so happened that Berryville, the town which he frequented was so noted for the flst and skull fights In which he and his associates were engaged, that It was known In the community by the name of Battletown. In these fights Morgan always came out best. All this Is calculated to give us an unfavorable opinion of the hero of the Cowpens. We must take Into consideration the civilization of the times. One hundred years ago a frolic without a fight was no frolic at all. We must not conclude that a man who would fight any and everybody In the community who wanted to fight, had no Influence. Such was not the case. Morgan possessed great influence In the neighborhood of Berryville and raised soon arter me cnmcumes oeiween me Americans and British commenced, a rifle company of near one hundred men. which had no equal in the American army. It is not our purpose, however, to write a biography of Qeneral Morgan at present. The manner in which he arranged the forces under his command for battle, at the Cowpens, was as a military man of no mean fame has said, "masterly." A little incident which is related by himself as having taken place on the eve of battle, gives an insight into the moral character of Morgan. When he was an old man, broken down with rheumatism, he would often exclaim, when speaking of the past: "Ah! people said old Morgan never was afraid?old Morgan never prayed. They were mistaken. I trembled at Quebec, and in the gloom of the morning when approaching the fort at Cape Diamond, I knelt' down in the snow and prayed. Before the battle of the Cowpens I went out into the woods and having ascended a tree, poured out my soul to Gtod, for protection." The men of those times were often much better at heart than they appeared to he. Tney naa rough work to do, and He who manages everything had fitted them for their work. One of the prominent actors In the battle of the Cowpens was Colonel William Augustine Washington. On that occasion. Colonel Washington was In command of the cavalry. These were less than eighty In number and were placed In tfee rear and composed the main guard. As we have already seen, at the moment the discerning eye of Washington saw the British cavalry charging In disorder upon McCall's militia, he dashed in upon them. This, together with a well directed Are by the militia under Howard and Pickens, struck terror among the troops of Tarleton. They commenced to* flee in the utmost confusion. Tarleton did everything mortal man could do to re?ll ?.?IM Ulo aiuic uiun, uui an 111 vaiu. nia iiuautry threw down their guns and surrendered and his cavalry, deaf to the threats and encouragements of their officers, fled in confusion in every direction. The field was cleared of every Briton in a few minutes. Washington impetously, dashed forward far in advance of his men. Tarleton with a few officers, still lingered on the margin of the battlefield. A body of forty cavalry remained with Tarleton as a guard. "The rest unmindful" as Tar iriuii says, ui men uuiy iidu icii men commander unprotected." So soon as Tarleton saw Washington alone he ordered his body guard to wheel about and charge upon the single horseman. In a moment Washington was surrounded by British dragoons. A hand to hand fight began. A struggle for life ensued. One of Tarleton's aids aimed a blow with his sword at Washington. At this Important Juncture of affairs, an American sergeant dashed forward Into the conflict and with a well guided blow, disabled the arm about to strike his commander. At the same moment, another British officer on the opposite side of Washington was aiming a blow at him with his glittering blade. A little bugler by the name of Ball, whose arm was too weak to wield a sword came up at the moment when all depended upon promptness of action, and with a pistol, wounded Washington's assailant. Tarleton and Washington were now alone, standing face to face. Tarleton discomfited, but still brave made a thrust at the head of Washington. The blow was warded off and as the heavy saber of Washington, glided down the sword of Tarleton, It glided down the sword of Tarleton, Tarleton. Some authorities say that some of the fingers of Tarleton were cut off. This statement Is probably exaggerated. After the battle of Cowpens, when the British army was on Its way to Yorktown, Tarleton was entertained at the house of an American Whig. The ladles were loud and perhaps a little tantalizing in their praises of Col. Washington. Tarleton could not bear to hear any one speak favorably of the man who had driven him off the field. To mortify the feelings of the ladies and in this way get revenge, Tarleton remarked "that he had understood that Colonel Washington was a very illiterate man, who could scarcely write his name." Mrs. Jones, a daughter of Colonel Montfort of Halifax, North Carolina was present. So soon as Tarleton had finished his remark, Mrs. Jones replied with keen emphasis. "Ah! Colonel you ought to know better, for you bear on your person proof that he knows very well how to make his mark." On another occasion Tarleton incon slderately, was speaking disrespectfully of Washington. With a kind of sarcastic Sneer he said, "he would be glad to see that Colonel Washington about whom the Americans made so much ado." It so happened that Mrs. Ashe another daughter of Colonel Montfort was present. This Whig lady replied, "If you had taken time to look behind you at the battle of Cowpens, Colonel Tarleton, you could have enjoyed that pleasure." Colonel Tarleton lost all control of himself and laying his hand on his sword manifested a disposition to take revenge. General Leslie was present and checked the rage of Tarleton, saying at the same time to Mrs. Ashe, "'say what you please Mrs. Ashe; Colonel Tarleton knows better than to Insult a lady In my presence." TO BE CONTINUED. > I HIRAM, KING OF TYRE. i The Phoenician Monarch and Hie Ef- 1 fort to Imitate the Deity. Hiram, the Phoenician monarch ' strove to imitate God by erecting ' four mighty pillars upon which he caused seven heavens?apartments? ' to be built. The first 6as constructed of glass, 500 by 500 yards, storing therein mock Images of the sun, ' moon and stars. * The second com- ' partment of Iron, 1,000 by 1,000 yards, was the receptacle of precious ' stones, causing a terrific noise resem- 1 bllng thunder when they crashed against each other and the casement 1 of the inclosure. The third chamber ' was of lead, 1,600 by 1,600 yards. 1 The fourth was of tin 2,000 by 2,000 1 yards. The fifth was of copper, 2,- ' 500 by 2,500 yards. The sixth was ' of silver, 3,000 by 3,000 yards. The seventh was of gold, 3,500 by 3,500 yards, containing precious stones, I pearls and a magnificent throne. A 1 channel of water separated the ' apartments. . Hiram, Imitating the rkyal spendor of the court of King Solomon, surrounded himself by the grandest conceivable display of magnificence. In the seventh apartment was stationed a golden bed, the corners of which were set in pearls without value in all the world, sparkling forth beautiful flashes resembling lightning, which spread wonder and terror among his subjects. The prophet Ezeklel was ordered to appear before Hiram, who, at a loss as to how to reach the seven heavens wherein the monarch presided, was transported Into his castle by the locks of his hair. Upon perceiving the divine messenger Hiram trembled. "Who art thou?" demanded the indignant harbinger of future events. "Why dost thou boast? Art thou not born of woman's womb?" "I am," replied Hiram, "but I live forever. Like God dwelling over waters, dwell I. Like him reigning over seven heavens, I rule In seven apart ments. As God Is surrounded by lightning and thunder, so am I.' I God has stars in heaven; so have I. f Many sovereigns have succumbed to < mortality, and I still exist. Twenty- ' one kings of the house of Israel and 1 David, twenty prophets and ten high priests have departed this earth, but s I outlive them all." , i "Why dost thou boast?" again de- t mantled Ezeklel. ? "Because thou didst supply the < cedars for Solomon's temple? This r puts me in mind of a subject who < prepared a splendid garment for his ? sovereign, and as often as the ser- t vant gazed at the glorious piece of * work he boastingly remarked. 'This 1 is my manufacture,' until the king, < observing his vanity, tore it ofT in f disgust. Such will be thy lot. The temple which thou helpest to build r will be destroyed. What will then * become of thy pride?" 1 I Two Winston Churchills. 1 Just at this time there are two 1 Winston Churchills, one in England and the other In the United states, who are attracting considerable public attention. The London Sketch, an illustrated magazine, has recently printed portraits of the two men side by side, with the prophecy that the one may become premier of England and the other president of the United States. It says: "Two of the men most conspicuous in the foreground of public life at the present moment are the Winston Churchills. Ours has set the empire ringing with his speech on the Tranvaal Constitution; America's is the cynosure of eighty million pairs of eyes in the states on two accounts. He has just published a new novel acclaimed on one hand as better than Thackeray's best; on the other as worse than Thackeray could have written at his worst. Moreover, he fills the eyes of politicians because he is a candidate for governor of New Hampshire." I Winston Leonard Spencer Church- 1 111, son of the late Lord Randolph 1 Churchill, who was a politician of 1 considerable distinction, was born in ' 1874. He was educated at Harrow ' and Sandhurst and entered the Brit- 1 ish army. He saw service in India 1 and in the campaign in Africa * against the Boers, and was lleuten- i ant in the Queen's Own Hussars. He 1 did service as correspondent for the ' Morning Post and is now a member ! of parliament. He Is attracting considerable attention in British poll- ^ tics, and the premiership is a possi- ' bility to him as is the presidency of 1 the world's greatest republic to his 1 American namesake. Winston Churchill In America was ' born in St. Louis in 1871. He grad- < uated in the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. He was a 1 member of the New Hampshire leg- I islature from 1903 to 1905, and is now a candidate for the governor- I ship of that state. He has published 1 several popular novels and contrib- i uted naval and other stories to magazines. Of course he has the American boy's chance to be president, but i it is not likely that so Inconsiderable a state as New Hampshire will furnish a man to fill that office under existing political conditions. The fact that these two young men are of the same name, who possess much the same sort of talents, and have attained much the same sort of distinction, and who are nearly of the same age, has created conditions Kouo Krniicrht thpm tncpfhpr in. to public notice and has given them both more celebrity than either had attained alone. They have the world's good wishes at least, and there are possibilities of greatness for them.?New Orleans Picayune. 2His?Naitrous ^railittg. THE PIT OF MAOTA. Climax of a Mercilasa War Bttwwn Samoan Tribaa. I have always had a great admlra-, tion and afTection for the Samoans. Practically I began my island career in Samoa. More than a score of years before Robert Louis Stevenson went to die on the verdured slopes of Vaillma mountain, where he now rests, I was gaining my living by running a small trading cutter between the beautiful Islands of Upolu, 8avai'l and Tututla, and the people ever had my strong sympathies In their struggle against Germany for independence. Even so far back as 1865, German agents were at work throughout the group, sowing the seeds of discord. encouraging the chiefs of King M&lietoa to rebel, so that they could set up a German puppet in his place." And, unfortunately, they have succeeded only too well, and Samoa, with the exception of the island of rutulla, is now German territory, and the liberties of the people are gone forever. Tlte Samoans were always a warlike race. When not unitedly repelling Invasion by the all conquering rongans, who sent fleet after fleet to subjugate the country, they were warring among themselves upon various pretexts?chiefly successions to titles, land disputes, abuse of neutral territory, and often upon the most trivial pretexts. In my own time I witnessed a sanguinary naval encounter between the people of the island of Manono and a war party of ten great canoes from < the district of Lepa on the island of Upola. I saw sixteen severed heads wrought on shore, and personally attended many of the wounded. And all this occurred through the i Lepa people having, at a dance In i their village, sung a song in which a satirical allusion was made to the lianono people having once been re- 1 Juced to eating shell flsh. The result vas an immediate challege from ilanono, and in all nearly one hunlred of the men lost their lives, vilages were burnt, canoes destroyed i ind thousands of cocoanut and bread i !ruit trees cut down and plantations < hined. ?' Sometimes in battle the Samoans : vere exceedingly chivalrous, at oth- I rs they were demons Incarnate, as < nerciless, cold blooded and cruel as he Russian police, who today nlaugh- I er women and children in the streets ' >f the capital of the Great White ' Tear, and I shall now endeavor to i lescribe one such terrible act, which < Lfter many years is still spoken of vith bated breath and amid sup- ' iressed sobs and falling tears. On the north coast of Upolu there a a populous town and district nam- < d Fasito'otai. It Is part of the A'ana ' livision of Upolu, and Is noted evin ' n Samoa, a paradise of nature, for I ts extraordinary fertility and beauty.' ' The A'ana people at this time were 1 lulferlng from the tyranny of Han- I mo, a small island which boasted of i he fact of Its being the birthplace tnd home of nearly all of the ruling < ihlefs of Samoa, and the extraordl- 1 rnry respect with which the people >f chiefly lineage are treated by Sa-' I noans generally led them to suffer ' he greatest indignities and oppres- 1 ilons by the haughty and warlike ' ddnonoans, who* exacted under 1 hreats a continuous tribute of food, > lne mats and canoes. Finally a valorous young chief ' tamed Tausaga?though himself con- < lected with Manono-^revolted and i le and his people refused to pay 1 farther tribute to Manono, and a 1 bloody struggle was entered upon. 1 ifar some months the war continued. No mercy was shown on either ilde to the vanquished and there is low a song which tells of how Palu, ( t girl of seventeen, with a spear ( hrust through her bosom by her 1 jrother-in-law, a chief of Manono, ' ihot him in the chest with a muzzle oadlng pistol breaking off the spear, 1 cnelt beside the dying man, kissed ' lim as her "brother," and then de- 1 :apitated him and threw the head :o her people with a cry of triumph 1 ?and died. I At first the A'ana people were vicarious and the haughty Manonoans 1 were driven off into their fleet of 1 var canoes time and time again. 1 Then Manono made alliance with Jther powerful chiefs of Savai'i and 1 Upolu against A'ana and 2,000 of 1 hem after great slaughter occupied he town of Fasito'otal, and the A'ana ( people retired to the Inland fortresses, esolved to fight to the very last. Among the leaders of the defeated ! people were two white men, an Engishman and an American, whose 1 I'alor was so much admired even by ' Manono warriors that they were ( jpenly solicited to desert the A'ana ( people and come to the other side, 1 nhere great honors and gifts of lands iwaited them. To their honor, these two unnamed and unknown men rejected the offer with scorn and announced their intention to die with ' the people vlth whom they had lived 1 jo many years. At their ii stance many of the Manono warriors who had been taken prisoners Pad been spared and kept prisoners instead of being ruthlessly decapitated In the usual < Samoan fashion and their heads exhibited with much ignominy from one village to another as trophies. For two years the struggle continued, the Manonoans generally proving victorious In many bloody battles. Faslto'otal was surprised in the night and two-thirds of Its defenders, including women and children, were slaughtered. Among those who died were the two white men. They fell with thirty young men who covered the retreat of the survivors of the defending force. The extraordinary valor which the people of A'ana had displayed exasperated the Manono warriors to deeds of unnamable violence to whatever prisoners fell Into their c."uel hands. One man, an old Manono chief who had taken part in the struggle, told me with shame that he saw babies impaled on bayonets and carried exultlngly from one village to another. Broken and disorganized, the beaten A'ana people dispersed In parties large and small. Some sought refuge in the mountain forests, others put to sea in frail canoes and nearly ail perished, but one party of seventeen : in three canoes sucoeeded In reaching Uea (Wallls Island). 300 miles to the westward of Samoa. Among them was a boy of seven years of age who afterwards sailed with me in a labor vessel. He well remembered the horrors of that awful voyage, and told me of seeing his father "take a knife and open a vein in his arm so that a baby girl who was dying of hunger could drink." Relentless in their hate of the vanquished foe, the Manono warriors established a cordon around them from the mountain range that tra verses the centre or upoiu to tne 1 sea. and at last, after many engagements. drove them to the beach, where a final battle was fought. Exhausted, famine stricken and utterly disheartened by their continuous reverses, the unfortunate A'ana people were easily overcome, and the fighting survivors surrendered, appealing to their enemies at least to spare the lives of their women and children. But no mercy was shown. As night began to fall the Manonoans began to dig a huge pit at a village called Maota, a mile from the scene of the battle, and as some dug others carried an enormous quantity of dead logs or timbers to the spot. By midnight the dreadful funeral pyre was completed. In case that it might be thought by. my readers that I am exaggerating the horrors of the pit of Maota, I will here relate not only what I personally was told by people who were present at the awful deed, but repeat the words of Mr. Stair, an English missionary of the London Missionary society, whose book entitled "Old Samoa" tells the story in quiet yet dramatic language, and, although in regard to some minor details he was misinformed, his account on the whole was correct, and Is the same as was told to me by men who had actually participated In the tragedy. The awful preparations were com pleted, and then the victors seized ** those of their captives who were bound on account of their strength (and had a few hours previously surrendered) and hurried them to the fatal pit. In which the huge pile of timbers had been lit. And as the (lames roared and ascended and the darkness of the surrounding forest was as light as day, the first ten victims of 462 people were thrown in to burn amid the howls and yells of their savage captors. Mr. Stair says: "This dreadful butchery was continued during one or two days and nights, fresh timber being heaped on from time to time, Bts it was with difficulty that the fire could be kept burning, from the num- ' ber of victims who were ruthlessly sacrificed there. "The captives from Fasito'otal were selected for the first offerings, 9 and after them followed others In 1 quick succession, night and day, early Sn"d late, until (he last wretched vie- * tim had been consumed. Most heartrending were the descriptions I rb- * celved from persons who had actually looked on the fearful scenes en- * ictud there. "Innocent children skipped Joyfully along the pathway by the side of their conductors and murderers (I was told that the poor children were led away as they thought to be given 3l mea al vela?something hot to eat), deceived by the cruel lie that they were to be spared and were then on their way to bathe, when suddenly the blazing pile in the pit Maota. with the horrid sight of their companions and friends being thrown alive into the midst, told them the dreadful truth, while their terror was Increased by the yells of savage triumph of the murderers or the fearful cries of the tortured victims which reached their ears." When I first saw the dreadful tlto (Dit- of Maota It was at the close of a , calm, windless day. I had been pigeon shooting in the mountain forest and was accompanied by a stalwart young Samoan warrior. As we were returning to Faslto'otai he asked me if I would come a little out of the way and look at the tito, i place he said "that is sacred to our hearts and is holy ground." He spoke so reverently that I was much impressed. Following a winding path, we suddenly came In view of the pit. The sides were almost covered with many beautiful varieties of crotons, planted there by loving hands, and it was evident to me that the place was indeed holy ground. At the bottom of the pit was a dreadful reminder of the past?a large circle of black charcoal run ning round the sides and enclosing In the centre a space which at first I thought was snow white sand; but on descending into the pit with uncovered head and looking closer found it was composed of tiny white coral pebbles. Hardly a single leaf or twig marred the purity of the whiteness of the cover under which lay the ashes of nearly five hundred human beings. Every Saturday the women and children of Fastlto'otai and the adjacent villages visit the place and reverently remove every bit of the debris, and the layer of stones, carefully selected of an equal size, was renewed two or three times a year as they became discolored by the action of the rain. All around the wooded margin of the pit were numbers of orange, lime and banana trees, all in fruit. These were never touched?to do so would have been sacrilege, for they were sa- s cred to the dead. And above us were hundreds of doves and pigeons, and r their peaceful notes filled the forest v with a saddening melody. s "No one ever fires a gun here," t said my companion softly; "it is for- ? bidden. And it is to my mind that j the birds know it is a. sacred place | and holy ground."?Louis Berke in { New York Sun. j "Good friend," began the crippled beggar, "I have cork legs and?" \ "No," growled the busy merchant, j "don't need any today. Good-day." 1 tr "O!" said he, with affected indif- s ference, "there are Just as good fish ? in the sea as ever were caught." 1 "Better," the girl who had rejected < him replied, pointedly, "better from | their point of view, because they may \ never be caught" i EARLY LEADERS OF METHODI8M. Hard-Working Pioneer Circuit-Riding Preachers. The Methodists of Charlestown. Ind., ire preparing to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of the dedication of the first Methodist church in Indiana, rhe building, a small log structure, is dill carefully preserved, though some-what dilapidated, on its original site it Charlestown. In general appearance it resembles >ther log cabins, and as far as any attempt at church architecture Is con j .A 11 O.n.arf fn? jvrntfil li mrsiii as ncn Iiavc oei wu w. ? i Jail as for a church. , It dates bach to a period long before the advent In Indiana of stops walls, frescoed cellngs, stained glass windows and lofty iplres. It was a most Insignificant itructure in appearance, but its ereckon was an event of historic Importince, as being the beginning of great hlngs. The celebration of its centennial will >e an interesting occasion in Metho11st circles, says the Indianapolis Mews. Its construction was the result )f some early visits to Indiana territo y and missionary work done by Pete* Cartwrlght of Kentucky, a noted borier preacher of that day. He is beleved to have delivered the first Protestant sermon ever preached in InHana. Cartwrlght was traveling what was cnown as the Salt River circuit, inf Kentucky, and in 1804 he crossed the| 1ver and preached and organized a; bfethodlst society near Charlestown* rhere were a few Methodists then, but hey had no organization and were kutnumbered by the Baptists and Cumberland Presbyterians. As a remit of Oartwrlght's missionary work he Methodists got together and built he log church at Charlestown. When; le visited the place in 1804 he held lervlce in the log cabin of one of the ettlers. In his autobiography Cart wright rives a characteristic account of how le battled with the Baptists, Cumberand Presbyterians and Shakers in the Tl&rk' county settlement, beating them n joint debates and converting many if them to Methodism. After telling if an open air address lasting three tours, he says, "When I closed my arrument I opened the doors of the ihurch and invited all that would re-i kounce Shakerism to come and give ne their hand. Forty-seven came orward and "then and there openly relounced the dreadful delusion. The kext day I followed those that fled, and he day after I went from cabin to abln taking the names of those that "eturned to the solid foundation of ruth, and my number rose to elghtyieven. I then organized them into a egular society and the next fall had a ireacher sent them." The Methodist circuit rider was a lerotc character in the early history of ndiana. R. W. Thompson thus deicribed the pioneer Itinerant Methodist ireacher as he had known numbers of hem at an early period: "All his voriaiy possessions consisted 01 uie lorse he rode and the few clothes he core and carried in his saddlebags. Phus equipped he went forth to do his vork, stimulated by his manly energy md the exuberance of his hopes. He tad no other than the homely fare rhich was always cheerfully given at he log cabin of the early settler. He vas often compelled to camp out and o sleep on the ground with his head itllowed on his saddle. He swam rlv rs and encountered storms of the utnost fierceness. "He studied theology on horseback ind drew from the wlldness of naure around him such figures of meta>hor and illustration as often gave ireslstible power to his eloquence and he most compelling force to his logic, rhere was no scholastic adornment in lis style?none of the polish of the ourtier about his manner. He was lot decked for the drawing of fashion, >ut he carried with him the mannersm of truth and sincerity, which is Irawn alone from nature's laboratory, ind what he said went directly home o the hearts of his hearers because it ame spontaneously and directly from lis own." One of the pioneer preachers, recall ng lilt IHl'K UI 1U1U13 ttllU U1 lUtco, oaiu hat practically the only means of ravel was on horseback or on foot. The horseback and saddlebags," he iald, "were the surest reliance for ravel, but even to this mode there vere many hindrances In swollen treams and want of bridges. In such ases the perplexed preacher had eithr to turn back or swim the stream, md generally he did the latter. Disnounting he would take off his troulers, tie them about his neck, lift his laddlebags from their usual seat and >ut them on the highest point of his lorse's withers, then remount and rneel down on the saddle bags and give ree rein to the horse, which scarcely iver failed to bring him safely to the ipposite shore." A distinction was made In the com>cusatlon of preachers who were marled and those who were not. The parried man got next to nothing and he sin le man about half as much. [*h< ro were no stated salaries, but the u mpensation came in the shape of "luntary contributions called "quarerage." The married preacher might lave a home, but he saw very little of t. The young preacher had no settled lome or boarding place. His headjuarters were in the saddle. He carled his wardrobe and library in his laddie bags. He was at home under (very hospitable roof beneath which he ook shelter, and his study room was he "best room" of the better houses, ?r the one room of the log cabin which lerved as dining room, kitchen, parlor, iltting room and bed room. The Rev. John Strange was a very 'emarkable man and traditions of his vonderful eloquence are still current imong old Methodists. He was a naive of Virginia, was licensed to preach n Ohio, and came to Indiana in 1824. 3e was one of the most noted revivalst and camp-meeting preachers of a >eriod when extemporaneous preachng was in vogue, and the fame of his (loquence was not confined to Indiana. Without being highly educated he vas fairly equippd for the ministry and assessed a fervid Imagination, zeal In lis calling and a most Impressive perlonallty. He had personal magnetism ind was an lmpassl oned orator. On lis arrival in Indiana he was placed In :harge of a work in the southeastern i>art of the state. At that time there vere still a good many roaming Indians n the country and Mr. Strange always carried a rifle with him when traveling the circuit, often on foot. The Methodist preachers of those days were very poorly paid. As late as 1830 the preacher on the Rushvllle circuit. embracing the counties In whole or in part of Decatur, Shelby, Hancock, Henry and Rush, received only $176 a' year, and this partly In "dicker." He was a married man with several children. The circuit embraced thirty-two preaching appointments, being one appointment for every day In the month and for each Sabbath. This man preached thirty-two times during every month In the year, without a vacation, for $176. The presiding elder of the circuit received $20 a year. John Strange was very poor and gloried In his poverty. Once while he was traveling the Madison circuit the people of that town knowing his poverty, offered to secure to him In fee simple a house and lot for a home. He declined It, saying: "I would not for all the land in Indiana deprive myself of singing those grand words, 'No foot of land do I possess, no cottage In the wilderness;. a poor, wayfaring man.'" Often in the midst of a powerful camp meeting sermon, when thousands were being swayed by his eloquence, his gestures would show great rents in his coat while the knees and seat of his trousers were patched. But when preaching he rose above all environments, and the people did not care If he was in rags. They flocked to his appointments and came long distances op horseback or on foot to hear him. The last sermon that John Strange ever preached was In this city In the fall of 1831. It was a funeral sermon In memory of two preachers, very dear friends of his, who had died a short time before. He himself was In feeble health, and his sermon so exhausted him that at Its close, after an eloquent peroration, he fell fainting In the arms of a friend. He died about three months later and was buried in the old Greenlawn cemetery in Kentucky avenue.?New York Sun. H08P1TAL CAMP IN THE DESERT. St. Louis Philanthropist Foundsd a Unique Retreat For Consumptives. To found a charity out on the great American desert for persons In that, stage of health where It is to be supposed they should want to go anywhere else than on the sun-baked plains Is the novel fad of a St. Louis philanthropist, N. O. Nelson. Not alone that, but It was his original idea to make this desert charity selfsupporting, fitting It with ranches where alfalfa and barley and cantaloupes and the like could be raised, and while the tenants paid but a nominal dollar a week for tents, or $3 where board was Included, the farm should make up the remainder. The story of his going Into what Is almost the Death Valley for health Is interesting. The site of the place Is Indlo, Cal., a mere hamlet, given over; almost exclusively to railway employ-j ees and fugitives from the great white] plague?consumption. On what was the bed of a primitive ocean, the sand still made up of millions of marine clam shells and other tiny spiral conches, and supporting no cacti, but only a low brush, the Nelson philanthropy purchased ,114 acres of land at an average of $100 an acre. The outdoor camp for consumptives was then opened and put In charge of a general foreman, who was to supervise the ranches for raising the crops indicated. At first things went well, but it soon became apparent that sick men I can't work well and that it would be exceedingly difficult to keep up the farming. As a result that side of the' venture has been dropped and the place is supported almost entirely by the St Louis man. At the same time it is not made absolutely free, but where persons cannot pay the nominal $1 to $3 means are found to let them work off their board. Obtiously the desert camp does not cure. It does, however, cause wonderful rallying. Men have been: brought here on stretchers, and underi Influence of sleeping powders, and * ? ??~i.i tney nave Deen uruugm iu aimwi perfect health. The camp Itself constats of about thirty tents, set in a hollow square about a field of very long, dry grass. Each of these tents rests on a wooden flooring, and facing the centre, where there is an open summer house, with books and magazines and a flagstaff. At one end of the piazza the adobe cottage of the superintendent is located. Inside the area the Inmates drag away, time as they can, the women at qullt-l ing, the men in lounging or fixing ?..?? Maw on/1 ?han thpv m IIICII guns. nun miu VMVH 0 hunting out in the desert for hare or quail or ducks. At each tent there burns a gasolene lamp at night. Inside there is a shelf for the little cup used by the sick, a double iron bedstead, whitened over, a small iron cot, and a table resting on a rug. These tables have their oilcloth covers, a lamp and books and papers. Old soap boxes beneath serve for stowing away other objects. The tents are practically all the same size, 12x14 feet. To them the charity furnishes bed and bedding, chairs, stove and washing utensils. The charity is open to any one. The day's work at the camp is most simple. Patients breakfast at 7.30 o'clock on mush and milk, eggs and coffee. At noon there is soup, a little meat and potatoes, but no dessert. In the evening at 5 o'clock supper Is served. Sunday meals are the same. There are now some twenty-five persons at the camp. Those who do not do their own cooking or eat at the gen'" "l mooa tint hnarH themsplvM in the hotel. The Idea of the cure, however, out in the blistering desert for health is unique. Something like 1,877 miles from New Orleans, Indio lies twentyfive feet below the sea level. Its nonhumidity is the wonder of the medical world. Complete saturation of the air by water is marked by 100 per cent; absolutely vaporless air Is set at zero.' Ten per cent is rare, even in arid Arabia. In fact, the average humidity of the north Atlantic is 80 per cent. Here in Indio they have registered 9 per cent; the average Is 15. As a result, there Is not much water for the benefit of the thirsty pulmonary tubercle, and without moisture he cannot incubate. Hence the value of the site for the charity.?St. Louis Globe-Democrat. tr Even a wise man and his money are soon parted by the undertaker. ROMANCE OF AN EXPLORER. Remarkable Information That George Grenfell Brought to Light. George Grenfell, the African explorer and missionary, who died the other day, had lived nearly a third of a century on the Congo. In all that time he had visited his home In England only twice. While white men were dropping all around him he seemed to bear a charmed life, but be died at last of a disease that carried off many of his cola borers. This II t f 1a man mnHoal an/I elnv r?f speech, was a leader among Congo explorers. No other man ever brought to light so many of the rivers, so many of the tribes, so much of the country as Orenfell did. 9 \ Alexander Delcommune surpassed him for a while In the extent of his discoveries; but in the long run the laurels were with fcrenfell. Stanley's great name overshadowed thdm both, and his discoveries extended from Victoria Nyanza to the Atlantic. Stanley's greatest geographical distinctions in the Congo basin were his revelation of the Congo for 1,800 miles of its course, his exploration of the Aruwlml and his <^amatic journey through the vast northeastern forest But in working out the details of this second greatest hydrographic system In the world both Orenfell and Delcommune far surpassed him. Delcommune's work was chiefly the exploration of the upper part of the southeastern Congo system, which Btanley never saw. Qrenfell's field was the north and south tributaries of the middle Congo in the 900 miles between Stanley Pod! and Stanley Palls. ' It was here that he completely revolutionized our Ideas of Congo hydrography. In his little missionary steamer Peaoe he pushed up one of tnese great tributaries after anotner; exploring them as far as he could force his vessel. None of the thousands of natives he met had ever seen a white man before and the most remarkable things about him, they thought, were his white skin and his gold bowed spectacles, which seemed to them a fetich charm of remarkable power. The first words that Orenfell wished to learned In any language or dialect were those meaning "friends" and "peace." He was a man of peace and never harmed a native in his life. Scores of times his pnfllng little steamer was attacked by showers of poisoned arrows and all the time Orenfell would stand behind the wire network tint protected the roof and deck of his vessel holding aloft strings of beads and lengths of brass wire and calling out "friends" and "peace" to the infuriated natives on the banks. He never ran away from them. He would wait till they were convinced that he meant them no harm. Then he would parley with them, learn all he could about their life and habits, give them presents and, on bis departure, he was usually invited to come again ? ' r . SOOU. . ; W flj. . It was Orenfell who brougty to light the dwarf tribe*" of 1M mMdw Gokgo. Tears before Schweinfurth had found a pygmy group hundreds of miles to the northeast, but Orenfell was the first to see the much larger groups of -$58 dwarfs on the southern tributaries of tbe Congo, and as be steamed up the rivers many or rne nimoie niue Allows would clamber out on the branches of trees overhanging the water to Are their arrows at him. He discovered that our ideas of the great southern tributaries were wrong, for Stanley's Inferences had led us to suppose that they came from the far southern and flowed almost due north, while Orenfell discovered that the Chuapa, Lulongo and other great streams rise In the east and flow far to the west before joining the Congo. It was his maps of their courses that ? rectified the delineation of the southern affluents on our atlas sheets. One day Orenfell was ascending the Congo when he got among a group of Ifllandn that concealed the mouth of the largest Congo tributary. It came from the north, is called the Ubangl and It Is 1,600 piles long and larger than any European river excepting the Volga and the Danube. Grenfell ascended It 400 miles, where he was stopped by the Zombo Falls. It was found later that the Ubangl is the lower part of the Welle, discovered seventeen years earlier by Schwelnfurth and supposed to flow northwest tn Ijikp Chad, on the edcre of the 8a hara Desert. Grenfell's greatest scientific work was his mapping of the Congo for 900 miles between Stanley Pool and Stanley Falls. It was the result of years of surveying along the shores of the river and of the islands that often divide it into many channels. He took Infinite pains to assure accuracy, and it will probably be many years before his map of this long stretch of the river is supplanted In our atlases. The map was published in six large sheets by the Royal Geographical society. Grenfell never wrote a book, but his reports of his many discoveries were published at length in the geographical periodicals. Tears ago he married a bright young negro woman who had been well educated at the mission school at Accra, on the Atlantic coast far north of the Congo. She accompanied him on many of his geographical expeditions and has been referred to by those who know her as a competent and faithful helpmeet. When Stanley was last in this country he told of "Grenfell's two beautiful children." In his long African career Grenfell did much good to the Congo peoples, and he will always be remembered as one of the pioneers of discovery in this part of the Dark Continent?New York Sun. -? Lack op Space.?There are some trials which beset one at an early ace. Bobby visiting his grandmother, suffered one of them. "Did you have a good time?" asked Bobby's mother. The small Bon hesitated before he answered. "Not so very," he said sadly. "You see. grandmother kept telling me to eat all the dinner I wanted, and I couldn't!"?Youth's Companion. or "Dear," said the physician's wife, "when can you let me have $10?" "Well," replied the medical man. "I hope to cash a draft shortly." "Cash a draft? What draft?" "The one I saw old Mr. Jenkins sitting in this morning."