Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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? II ' ? " ISSUED SEMI-WEEKL^ ~ l. m. geist & sons, publishers, j % J-'amilri JJeirspaper: cjior the JSromotion of the gotitieal, Social, Agricultural, and Commercial interests of the people. (TBRMa^^oo^^e^Rjn ad^vanok. established 1855. YORKVILLE, S. C., SATURDAY, JULY 19, 1903. tSTO. 58. ' i?1 ?J T-? I POUR MR. VEST. Innd while not ftxnotlv ft drvlnir oil. Yet WHEN BOYS 13 "ST JOHN H Author of "Helen's Bj ingtoi Copyright, 1901, by John Habberton. CHAPTER XVII. AKTEK TIIE SIEGE. /? S 1 alU t0lJ that ^eneral Eongstroet is a gentlnmon Af fi no cnnvl. bilitles, I am very glad fB^Sif \l| be did not hear the expressions of deligbt with which the Thirty-eightb received the announcement that he had gone back to his old familiar hunting grounds. Nobody meant to speak unkiudly. but all were glad that he was gone, and we said so with as much intensity as was in us. We took the road at once, not to delay his departure. but just to see how he had left things. We did not at all approve of what we saw: neither did the natives. The woods and fields were scarified with miles upon miles of ditches and embankments. Among the uatives the conclusion seemed to be that if they were to have their forests shorn and their land turned upside down it didn't much matter who might do it?Yank or Johnny. Free colored people who lived outside the lines had grievances too. They had been able to hide some cows. pigs, chickens and turkeys from occasional Union soldiers who prowled about alone, but against a few thousand hungry men who were fully Informed on the secretive ways of the African it ? ~~ Thnr fnllnn'oH wus UM'ii'as iu n/uicuu. i ut,. us when we returned to camp nud became part of the colony of which Possum Hen was a bright and shining light. Por some weeks after Longstreet's departure we spent most of our time in the Geld. The general commanding preferred that Longstreet should have a9 few excuses as possible for coming back again on the plea of looking for forage, so he proceeded to take up 20 miles of railroad track on each of the two roads leading from our post It was a tedious job. but as we troopers had little to do but look on and occasionally he killed while repelling inquisitive Johnnies we rather enjoyed It A large force of infantry and light artillery was with us. So were some huudreds of contrabands, and while we kept the enemy on the river too miserable to come across iu a body and visit us the contrabands raised the rails, loaded them on platform cars and burned the ties. We worried General Lee's overburdened heart a good deal for two or three weeks, but that was one of the jobs for which we had enlisted. We made so many feints at attempting to cross the stream and advance in force on Richmond from the * south that he bad to send some of his meu down to watch us. We worried the natives too. Our horses ate all the grass, hay and fodder that Longstreet's men had left, and the assurance that the owners would be paid could tbey prove mat tney were good Union men did not seem to comfort the said owners a bit Tbey did not doubt tbat our officers told them the truth, butr-tbere were some stubborn facts In the way of their getting their pay after peace should be declared. A one legged farmer with a military look and a pair of crutches was a picture of agony while his barns were being emptied and his stack9 melted away. His wife went stark crazy over what seemed the Impending starvation of her family. Immediately after beholding such ox I United <in i)istant. pi'i'irr.ers or hearing of them a man who had any heart under his jacket would a little rather be shot than not, so after hearing that demented woman's ravings I was delighted to be assigned to very dangerous duty. It was to carry a dispatch to the general commanding a brigade on our extreme left. We felt so secure in our superior strength that the right, left and center were isolated commands rather than parts of a line. 1 started an hour or two after dark and was told that another titan who had been sent oil the same errand returned with the report thai there was Confederate cavalry in the woods. I had been selected because I bad a fast horse which ought to be abb to dash through any ordinary line be fore an alarm could be given, and tin chances of a single rider being tirei upon and killed in the dark were nol WERE MEN. : ii n [ABBSRTON. L v ibies," "George Wash- Ji i," Etc. l< s s very serious. I could not miss the " road, for it had no forks or brauehes. a There seemed enough risk in all this ' to insure my remaining awake. I stuff- r ed the dispatches inside my shirt, put 0 fresh percussion caps on my revolv- r ere and started. Nothing unusual oc- * curred for a quarter of an hour or more, but as I descended a gentle slope a 1 was sure 1 heard the clank of sabers In front of me. My horse, too. gave t the usual equine Indications of being n suddenly interested in something ahead. 1 1 halted an instaut. and the noise ceas- s ed. but when again 1 rode forward the clunking was resumed so noisily that * 1 became thoroughly frightened, reined my horse under partial cover at the ' side of the road, turned pale?or felt that I did-and galloped back to camp. v The captain frowued when 1 reported 3 my failure. So did the colonel, who, [ with the captain, had been awaiting 1 the result of my effort. "I'll try still another man. If you ' think best." said the captain. "Try me. captain." said Brainard, who was always among the first to 0 greet me when 1 returned to camp. "You?" asked the captain, looking quizzically at the little fellow. "Yes. sir." said Brainard. "You see. I'm so small that it would be bard for ti | a UKirtiSIUail lU Ull uy uay ft light." It This remark made both officers smile, s< and I was told to give my dispatches to n .Brainard. The little chap was on his tl horse In an instant and. taking straps h from his saddlebow, bound his legs to a the tops of the stirrup straps. ft "What is that for?" asked the cap- w tain. si "So." said Brainard, "that if I'm shot u I can't fall out of the saddle. The tl horse will be sure to hurry back to camp, and the enemy won't get the dis- u patches, as they might if I were to v fall." p The captain nodded to the colonel, a who raised his eyebrows, and Brain- V ard hurried out the road at an easy 6l gallop. I walked a little way In the y same direction and strained my ears for shots, but heard none. 1 did uot ci sleep much that night. Should Brain- u ard be killed I would always feel that k I had sacrificed his life to save my t< own: should he succeed, why. confound tl him. I would again have to feel as un- g comfortable us I did when he did the work and got the glory of our rescue H when we were made prisoners. 1 did si not feel any easier at learning that E about an hour before I had started a o man on a harnessed horse had come tl galloping wildly out of that same road ami hurried to the rear. Until tattoo I paced the ground on which our troop was camped. After tattoo I resumed my tramp. The guards were changed at lb o'clock, midnight. '2 in the morn- e iug. and I was still nwake, for Brain- ^ ard had not returned. The captain. T who felt responsible for the safe deliv- e cry of the dispatches, awoke, joined 0 me and said lie hoped mv chum had got ^ through nil right: thou lie also began to 1 pace to and fro. which Increased my Rl anxiety. Toward dawn I fell asleep 11 through sheer exhaustiou. Just after c sunrise I was aroused by being shak- v a. When I opened my eyes, over me p bent Hrniuard. very pale of face, but v wonder: ul!y bright of eye. "Tell mi' about it." 1 demanded. "Oh." said Hralnard, "I never was so p frightened iu my life. After lopiug a along a few minutes it occurred to me that I had better know my way before s trying it. so I dismounted and hid my a horse in the woods beside the road. 1 leaving my saber there also. Then 1 sneaked down the road, with my re- 0 volver in my hand and my heart In my ? mouth, to find out where and what that ^ cavalry was. It might have been some of our own men. yon know. Pretty ^ soon 1 heard the clanking you spoke of. Didn't it sound dreadful in the ? dark, thoughV 1 crouched and sneaked g from one tree to another, and the noise ^ grew louder, but uot a human voice n could I hear, nor was there any odor t of tobacco in the air. These two facts bothered me greatly, for when soldiers who are awake cease talking and smoking there's something serious on hand. "Pretty soon 1 heard a splash. 'Aha!' is thought I. 'Somebody is watering his ii horse in a brook or pond.' I crept still n closer. The ground beeame lower, as tl if there might be a brook there. I got t< nearer still until I made out a bridge tl at my left, but not a trooper could I o I see. I began to shiver and recall ghost s I stories. 1 don't believe in ghosts, you li know, but the dim light and mysterious ti noises made me think of them iu spite h i of myself. Finally I got right on the s bank of the brook and looked over. t< , Then I was more surprised than scared, u for 1 could make out three horses with- ii out riders and something that looked a : like a tent, but all in the water. I I made hold to challenge, but there was " i no roplv. Then 1 became so excited o that I thought I might as well lie shot t< as die through bursting a blood vessel, ti so I got some matches out of tny jack- t et, struck a light and made a little tire s . of dry leaves und twigs, and what do (i > you suppose I saw? An ammunition |< t wagon lying on its side and three of its r . four horses partly hitched. Apparently ' 1 it had fallen frotu the bridge, which . was very narrow and had no rail. It ? . was the rattle of the chains of the hnr- ti . ncss that made the noise you and 1 and f I the other fellow had mistaken for the I t clank of saber scabbards. Hut wasn't provoked wiUi myself for having teen frightened V" "So worse. I'll het, than ! am at bav- ag been seared back to camp by such bogy." "I felt so ashamed," continued Brain- i rd. "that I really wished there might te soldiers somewhere in the neightorhood to give tne some honest ex- ^ use for being frlghteued. My wish j, vas gratllied pretty soon, for after go- s ug along pretty lively for a few mln- b ites I heard 'Halt!' right in front of a ue as a couple of men sprang from a f ence corner. Awfully hard to swal- ^ dw one's heart sometimes, Isn't it? I j oon saw. however. In spite of the ^ emidarkuess. that they weren't dressed Ike Johnuies. so I swallowed iny heart s nd gave them the countersign. Then j in,, if | imil nnv cnval- - ,lnn, w "iV " " u y In tin* woods. Three of tlie general's t rderlies In succession had tried to v each the center and had been frighten- f] d into returning. So. you see. you and b and the man who started before us j, re not without company." f "Ye-es." I replied. But the informaion didn't comfort me much. Brain- j; rd hail succeeded. I hadn't. That p eliection filled my mind to the exelu- r Ion of ail others. Brainard went on: r "I found the headquarters in two or ^ bree minutes, passing through a road b ull of men who liad been posted o repel an expected cavalry dash. 'here was a half battery of artillery ritli them. Tlie general, too. was ]( wake and nervous?all on account of t hose three horses standing knee deep ( a a brook and shaking in their bar- t ess! The general kept me until dawn . o bring buck some dispatches. But (| lere 1 am." The lucky little rascal! At least men ailed it luck. g TO BE CONTINUED. jj Deeornttnic the Teeth. n "It's a curious tiling." said the den- d st as he caught the end of a nerve on s crochet ueedle and knotted up a few lebes of it in chain stitch, "that, while s juie people consider gold tilliugs very d isliguring. more people look upon t jem as deslrulde decorations. I have e ad a great many people come in here g ml n*k im> to nut trold tillintrs in per- o ?ctly sound front tooth. Of course I t ouldn't do It; it wouldn't be profes- t ionul. A great nutny colored people u 'ant solid gold teelli whe re there isn't I te slightest necessity of liaviug them, p "Hut the oddest request I've had yet us front a variety actress ? vaude- t ille. 1 believe you say nowadays?who e layetl here a short time ago. She p ante in to have a front tooth tilled, t I'hen I told her that the gold wouh p how a great deal, what on earth do oil suppose she asked me? Why. she r anted to know if I couldn't drill the p avlty larger and make the tilling look t ot like a mere gold edge, but like the r ttter 'J.' She told me she was going v ) marry a man uamed John, and she c bought it would be lovely to have a t old 'J' in her tooth. 0 "Of course 1 couldn't do that either. 0 t would not be according to profes- u loual ethics. It would be malpractice, tut that woman offered me the price j, f a dozen gold tilllngs if I'd only make J he tilling in her tooth look like a 'J.'" -Washington Post A Floral Miracle. h "The most uiaguiticeut tlornl effpet I ver saw in my life." said Robert N. 0 nisou of the Morgan line, "was in k "oxas. They have :t llower there call- * d the ruiutlower. the hotauical name 0 f which is the cooperia. It usually 0 looms three or four days after u rain, was through the country to look after 1 Bine land for a friend, and the thing " lint struck me in that particular lo- 1 ality was the utter barrenness of the d rhole landscape. There was a low I1 iece of laud of ton ncivs or more that 1 ras covered with low, black vlues that <' fere decidedly uninviting. Four hours h iter, after a heavy thunder shower, 1 assed this piece of laud, and It was a bsolutely covered with what seemed <1 o be the prettiest flowers 1 had ever a eeu. It was one enormous bouquet, nd the fragrance from It was almost h a toxica ting. n "I could scarcely believe the evidence d f my own eyes, hut there It was, what t eetned to be an unsightly waste trans- t ornied as if by magic into a bower of i loom. I; "I made Inquiry of the natives and f jarned that once In a long time the ainflower bloomed in a few hours aft- t r a rain, though ordinarily the bios- e oms did not appear for three or four .d ays and then usually came lu the ^ light."?New York Commercial Adver- t iser. v The "Needle** Ej-e." A lady writes to me and asks what t really meant by the "needle's eye" a i the partible of the rich man. I re- j! letuber reading somewhere that it was lie smallest gate that gave entrance . 3 the walled city of Jerusalem and iiat a loaded camel had to be stripped f its burden and bend its knees to quceze through. And so a rich man ad to give up his riches and come ' o his knees before ho could outer eaveti. It was just one of the thouand proverbs that adorned the moral r\aehings of the Jews and the eastern e ations. The writings of Job and Solo- f ion and Coufucins and Mohammed ' bound in tlietn. T.. ti... ivitvnn is found this proverb, <1 The impious man will find the gates t f heaven shut, and he ean no more en- o er than a camel ean pass through a f leedle's eye." There is another in i he Koran which says. "You will never i ee a palm tree of gold nor an elephant r iass through a needle's eye." Tluse e troverbs simply meant that it was im- i inssihie. Strange to say. the world s ins long siuee <|ult making proverbs, g All proverbs have come down to us. f ven such as "A rolling stone gathers 10 moss." "Poor Richard" left us a j. ew. sueli as "A penuy saved is two- t] lenee gained."?Rill Arp in Atlanta j Constitution. f jfttiSttllattcouiS Reading. UTILITY OP : BY-PRODUCTS. mportnnt Industrial Discoveries Described In t'enani Bulletin. An important paper dealing- with the itilization of wastes and by-products n manufactures and showing the great trides that have? been made in this iranch of industry during the past decde, will soon be issued by the manuactures division of the census bureau, "he report was prepared by Henry G. Cittredge, of Boston, a well-known exert in manufacturing processes. The paper is not in the nature of a (otletlool i-orinrt hut It covers fl SUb eet so Intimately related to the develpment of the manufacturing indusries of the country and regarding fhich so little is known by the general lublic, that the officials of the census lureau deemed it desirable to publish t in connection with a census of manuactures. While methods and processes for utllzing wastes and by-products have been onstantly developed for many years iast, It appears from Mr. Kittredge's eport that the advances made in this lirection during the last decade have een particularly notable and advantaeous in the economy of manufactures. Chief Statistician North says in his ?tter of transmittal to the director of he census, that while It Is impossible r. measure statistically the addition to he wealth of the country created by urning to some useful purpose the resJues and by-products which were forr\erly thrown away or left to rot, the aaterinl thus preserved and turned to ome useful account is enormous, and n every instance cited in the report his utilization has resulted in a deflilte cheapening of the cost of the proucts to the consumers. Mr. North ays: "The subject is one that is vitally asociated with the progress of every inustry and inseparably connected with he development and prosperity of evry form of manufacturing. It has enraged the time and attention of the hemist and incited the ingenuity of he inventor and the skill of the artisan o effect economies and reveal new itilities. No branch of science has ieen appealed to and relied upon so HO UIICIHIObl jr. Mr. North says It would be assuming oo much to declare that the profitable mployment of wastes In manufacturng has approximated the highest point o which science is capable of carrying t. "This point will probably never be eached and further developments mu3t e exepected," Wfsays, "even to the,exent of converting by-products into the uain product of an industry. This reersion is exempified in notable instanes with the last decades of the nineeenth century, the most conspicuous f which is to be seen in the revelations f coal tar and the highly developed itilization of its many by-products. "What has taken place within the ast 100 years must be accepted more as . forerunner, a prelude, of what is to ome in the arts of manufacturing by he employment of materials now held n low estimation as contributory to a iigh standard of manufacture." Mr. Kittredge says that while the hoicest perfumes placed on the maret are made from oils and ethers, exracted from flowers, there are many thers which are artificially made out f bad-smelling elements. The fusel oil obtained in the dlstillaion of spirits has an odor that is pecularly disagreeable, yet it is used after reatment with proper acid and oxiizlng agents in making the oil of ap ?ies ana me on 01 pears; anu, in amnion, the oil of grapes and the oil of ognac are little more than fusel oil dinted. Oil of pineapple is best made by the ction of putrid cheese on sugar or by listilling rancid butter with alcohol nd sulphuric acid. One of the most popular perfumes las for one of its essential Ingredients naterial which is obtained from the Irainings of cow houses and is also obained from one of the products of gas ar, out of which is also to be obtained he oil of bitter almonds, which is so argely used in the manufacture of perumed soaps and confectionery. The refuse of cities throughout the ivillzed world is now generally collectd and disposed of for sanitary reasons, nd in many instances it is in addition itili/.ed to good advantages for indusrial purposes. Formerly this refuse vas simply accumulated and was dislosed of by burning it or casting into treams or on waste land. Now, bones, glass, rags, iron, paper iiul other articles are separately colected and sold. Old tin cans are used or the recovery of the solder, for the ecovery of the tin, and for remelting n the manufacture of steel or iron. The waste heat from furnaces, into vhich the innamable material is hrown, may be utilized for steam pur iukcs in operaiing engines ior cictini. ighting and power. As an Instance of his, the city of Glasgow, Scotland, obains waste heat from such furnaces equivalent to nearly i),000-horse power ter day of ten hours, for manufactures purposes. The food wastes of New York city are lisposed of by a process which is, >rietly, steam digestion and separation if the cooked products into greases and ertilizer products. The solids after beng dried and screened are sold to manilaeturers of fertilizers and by them nade up into grades particularly adaptd to the cotton belt. The greases are learly all shipped abroad, refined and eparated into various grades, such as dycerine, red oil, lard oil and more inferior classes. The economic uses of furnace slag lave, Mr. Kiitredge says, been greatly leveloped within the last few years, formerly this slag was carted away roin the furnaces and disposed of as wasue maiMIUi, auu f anin icvcui JWO it was estimated that the cost of removing this waste from the furnaces of Great Britain was about $2,500,000 annually. Now a considerable portion is utilized as a substitute for artificial porphyry in the construction of buildings, and for street pavements. Paving stones are made from it for the streets of Metz, Brussels and Paris. Good bricks are also made from it and it can be manufactured into a cement equal to the best Portland. Mr. Kittredge says a very important innovation in the metallurgical industwir (a tKu nt ii i?n Hnn nf the waste erases of blast furnaces for working: gas engines. This improvement Is shown to mean, by a theoretic calculation, an additional profit of $1.25 on each ton of pig Iron production, and this means that Germany alone, the only country where the utilization of these waste gases has as yet been effected, a gain of more than $10,000,000 on her entire wrought iron production. The report shows that all the products of lumber and timber formerly wasted are now turned to some utility and some of the new products are of considerable value. Of this class Is sawdust, which was formerly considered an absolute waste material and was allowed to float down stream or was thrown In a heap and disposed of. A way has been found of preparing this material which gives It a value far above that of solid timber. By the process the particles of sawdust are formed into a solid mass capable of being moulded into any shape and of receiving a brilliant polish and possessing a durability and beauty of appear ance not round in eoony, roaewwu w mahogany. Mr. Kittredge says that artificial woodworks has a most promising future. The production of acetic acid, wood naptha and tar from sawdust is one of the latest enterprises in Norway, a factory being now in operation at Fredrikstad capable of distilling 10,000 tons of sawdust In a year. It also manufactures charcoal briquettes from sawdust. By a recent English patent, sawdust may be so prepared as to be non-inflammable and may then be applied to the jacketing of boilers and used for similar other purposes. . Experiments have been made by which a high yield of sugar has been obtained from birch sawdust, and alcohol can be profitably distilled from either coarse or fine sawdust, the product being of high quality and trifling impurities contained in It being susceptible of ready removal. The utilization of the needle-shaped leaflet of the pine tree, either alone or in combination with other fibre as cotton, has frequently been attempted lat terly with success, to proauce an article of commercial value for textile or other purposes. Near Breslau, in Selesia, there have been erected factories that convert the pine leaves into what is known as forest wool for wadding. Other factories have been erected in different parts of Europe for a similar use of these leaflets. The products made from pine tree leaflets have been exhibited at a number of expositions where they have attracted great attention as furnishing suitable material for stuffing mattresses and articles of furniture in place of horsehair, for manufacture in hygenic fabrics for medicinal use and for articles of dress such as underclothes, chest protectors, etc. Attempts have been made very recently in Oregon to make use of these leaflets by reducing them to fibrous conditions suitable for mixing with cotton to be spun into yarn for weaving. In the preparation of the textile material an oil is produced which is employed as a curative agent and oftentimes as a useful solvent. Mr. Kittredge treats of a great number of instances of the utilization of the wastes and by-products of other industries, but they are either too well known to the general public to make mention of them necessary, or else Involve technical discussion of discoveries in purely scientific branches of the industry. Those described are the instances which receive a prominent place in the report and are mentioned as among the most Important discoveries of the last decade, in the utilization of material that not very many years ago it was not dreamed could be made of use or commercially valuable. Tub National Game.?While idling upon the deck of an ocean steamship recently, the attention of a group of voyagers, comprising several prominent Americans and two English baronets, was directed to the fact that no less than a dozen passengers were deeply engrossed in books relating to bridge whist. Whereupon the merits of that fascinating game were discussed and differing questions made to the question as to whether it would retain, by virtue of inherent worth, its present extraordinary popularity. The most interesting point, however, was reached when Sir Edward Coiebrooke wondered whether it was quite patriotic for Americans to dislodge their famous national game. "Meaning draw poker!" ejaculated Mr. Morgan. "That is not the game characteristic of the American people. It never was. It never will be. It Is a bad game. It is based upon a lie. The man who has the greatest capacity for deceit, wins. To become a strong player he studies to develop the most ignoble and most unAmerican faculty. The effect upon boys is to make them think deceit and bluff are 'smart,' and essential to success In work as well as in play. It is an iniquitous game and ought to be abolished. Nothing could be more foreign to American ideas. The man who labelled It our typical national game ought to be shot. I never heard It referred to by that term without wanting to shoot him."?This ended the argument.?Harper's Weekly. 1 Party Integrity luder Suspicion At- ^ ter Life of Faithful Devotion. U Senator Vest expressed his opinion very decidedly that a man may be a good Democrat without endorsing the fi declaration in the Kansas City plat- " form for free and unlimited coinage of 81 silver at the ratio of 16 to 1. His con- ** nectlon with the party, running through half a century, his long and 0 distinguished career In the senate, S< where he has been a leading exponent s' of Democratic principles, make the ex- ? presslon of Senator Vest very important at time. " The senator said to The Republic correspondent: w "I have no objection to stating that c while I am a blmetallst, sincerely and u truly, and believe that silver is money ir of ultimate redemption, I do not think ti.at this is the time to make the free and unlimited coinage of silver at 16 to 1 a paramount issue. I believe that a u, man can be as good a Democrat without endorsing the declaration in the Kansas City platform for the free and unlimited*coinage oi silver at 16 to 1 ^ without the consent of foreign coun- ^ tries. "I will further state that I think Mr. " Bryan's declaration, made in his paper . and in his speeches at Chllicothe and ^ other places in Missouri, that no man ^ should be sent as a delegate to any county, state or national convention who does not endorse the Kansas City rr platform in its entirety is a very great ^ mistake. If this is to be the test of fl Democracy in Missouri, men will be ^ read out of the party who like myself, have voted the ticket for 50 years, but who now believe that circumstances have made the free and unlimited coinage of silver a i. the ratio of 16 to 1 an impolitic declaration. . "i* fViic, ohnniH ho tho tost of Democ racy, numbers of Democrats who stood 15 o by the doctrines and principles of the party when it was worth a man's life ^ to do so would be driven from the organization. I know a great many old veteran Democrats in Missouri who stood, in the dark days after the civil war, by the side of Frank P. Blair, pistol in hand, who would be read out of the ranks if the issue should be made as repeatedly declared by Mr. Bryan. ? "I am a blmetallist upon principle, ' but I do not believe that men should be " ostracized or declared traitors to the 3 party because they do not think that free and unlimited coinage of silver at p 16 to 1 is to be always the test of De- p t mocracy."?Washington correspondence St. Loui^ Republic. s > < a v THE COTTON SEED INDUSTRY. Remarkable Development of a Great p Source of Southern Wealth. s The census report of industrial growth tj and conditions In the United States embodies in one of its latest publlca- n tlons a valuable article by Mr. Henry G. Kittredge, of Boston, on "Cotton 0 Seed?Past and Present." tl The writer summarizes the rapid in- c ciease of the value of cotton seed in the p remark that it was a garbage in 1860; t: a fertilizer in 1870; a cattle food in 1880; $ and. a table food and many other things 0 in 1890. The production of cotton seed a oil really had its beginning in 1870, when p about 4 per cent, of the seed produced v was used. In 1900 the production had increased to 53 ner cent. According to ti the census of thJs year the "value of c the entire cotton seed crop was 13.8 per p cent, of the total value of the cotton h crop. Including the value of the seed, t while the value of the products from t the manufacture of all the seed produc- a ed would have been 20.4 per cent, of the c total value of the cotton crop. r The full value of cotton seed and Its h products to the agricultural and com- i| mercial Interests of the south has not d yet been realized. Great as It is now, f It Is bound to become far greater. It Is n demonstrable that the present meth- g ods of producing merchantable com- t modltlesfrom cotton seed makes Its possible value in a crop the size of- that of 1SOO, $26,000,000 greater than what was gotten out of It. It has been proved that for feeding and fertilizing purposes what is left oi the cotton seed after the oil has been pressed out of it Is of more economic value than was the whole seed before it was sent to the mill. It will not be long before all the cotton seed in this country, except that reserved for planting, will be worked up In cotton seed oil mills. The value and variety of the products prepared at these mills is increasing every year and will become far greater than they are now. Mr. Kittredge says: "The clean seed consists of about 2 per cent of llnters. 48 per cent, of hulls free from lint, and 50 per cent, meats, A ton of seed yields about 1,000 pounds of hulls. Perhaps one of the greatest developments in the business during the past few years Is the utilization of these hulls for cattle food. There have also been developed, although not to * o n tmf nrncoaoaa nf Clllj ft I CtXL CAlCIll UO jwt, vrvvwwvw ?removing the fiber from the shell of the hull and making a fine paper stock from it, utilizing the bran in making mixed cattle food." One of the chief uses of cotton seed oil now is the manufacture of compound lard, an article more wholesome than the best hog lard that is made, 3 and much cheaper. Another very important product is ^ refined cotton seed oil which is coming constantly Into larger use. It is a de- . licious and nutritious article that has , a many excellent culinary uses. 5( A very large part of our salad oils a and the oil used in packing sardines e] comes from cotton seed and is coming ^ In favor all the while. Cotton seed oil c< is also used very largely in the oleo- S margarine industry which has recently ^ been the object of such unjust legisla- n tion by congress, and for many other purposes, such as miners Illuminating ei oil, tempering oil, oil for heavy toolcutting machines, mixing with putty, k 3r rough painting the oil can be and is sed to a considerable extent. Mr. Kittredge says: "For these and many other uses, cot)n oil possesses two distinct advances?cheapness and purity. It is not urprlslng that the use of this valuable roduct is gradually being extended, iakers are now using it, and it is one f the most profitable stocks of the aap factory. Thus has the once deplsed cotton seed been developed into ne of the most Important factors of le age in agriculture and commerce nough the medium of manufacture." The south has a source or great realth in cotton seed which not very >ng ago was regarded as worse than orthless. It is now bringing increasig millions of money to this section k*ery year.?Atlanta Journal. MORGAN'S GREAT BUMP. Sublimity," Which la Decidedly Different from "Cheek or Aaanrance" The current numoer of The Phreno>glcal Journal prints a portrait of John 'ierpont Morgan, with this brief cornlent upon that gentleman's cranial deelopment: Sublimity is very actively displayed I Mr. Morgan's head, as In all large lvestors who strike out for extensive ontrol of immense corporations. It rill be noticed that whatever Mr. Moran does he does on a large scale. 'Irmness. self-esteem, combatltlveness, II help, but sublimity sets the ball rolllg, starts the commercial tune and fiances the enterprise. The sublime faculty is located midray between the faculty of acquisitive i J 1- oooK es? una iiujjc anu 10 uanivcu uu ram Ide by ideality and cautiousness. In lie ordinary head the space occupied y sublimity depends a good deal upon lrcum8tances. Like all the other facIties, sublimity is, of course, subject 9 contraction and expansion and, like 11 others, it may oe cramped by disouragement or developed by success. There was a time when phrenologists ere wont to speak of this faculty as ssurance, and Irreverent persons, even i our days, are prone to allude to it as heek. And it is, perhaps, interesting 9 note the peculiar conditions which lake the use of each of ihese terms pproprlate. Should a man rush into Mr. Morgan's resence on a busy morning, for examle. and say to him: "John, I need fifty housand dollars Immediately; kindly ive me a credit slip and I'll send you round collateral after awhile," that ould be assurance. Should a man rush into Mr. Morgan's resence on a busy morning and say: See here: I've got to have fifty thouand before noon and I haven't got a hread of security, but I'm making a <-?? iVio OT-r-ViQ ri D-O a nil T'll nav t back by 3 p. m.," that would be cheek. But should Mr. Morgan call a group f capitalists together and say: "Genlemen, you represent Interests which omblned have a value of $100,000,000, I ropose to consolidate you and stock he combination for $400,000,000, taking 100,000,000, or an amount equal to your riglnal capital stock, for my share as promoter of this magnificent enterrise." It goes without saying that this fould be sublimity. It Is well for students of phrenology o heed these shades of difference. A lose observance of them Is likely to revent awkward mistakes. One who as merely assurance may perhaps ataln to a certain degree of success, paricularly If It becomes known that his ssurance Is based upon what the world alls nerve. Another who has cheek nay for a time sweep everything before 1m. But It requires the faculty of subImity In its largest and most perfect evelopment to sweep up everything rom a coal trust to a steamship comblation, and then to keep right on weeping without pause.?Chieago Iner-Ocean. Length of Reign of British Ruler*. iears. William the Conqueror 21 William II 13 William III 13 King Stephen 19 King John 17 Henry I 35 Henry 11 ?io Henry III 56 Henry IV 14 Henry V 9 Henry VI 32 Henry VII 24 Henry VIII 38 Edward I 33 Edward II 20 Edward III 49 Edward IV 22 Edward V months 2 Edward VI 6 Richard I ?0 Richard II 22 Richard III 3 Mary I 5 Queen Elizabeth 44 James I 22 James II 16 Charles I 23 Charles II 24 Queen Anne 12 George I 13 George II 33 George III 60 George IV 10 William IV 6 Victoria 64 Best Use Of Corn.?It appears from fie census report that the value of the istllling business to agriculture is poplarly overrated. It is often urged as n argument against the prohibitory olicy In Kansas that it reduces the rice of corn in this state. How little Dree there is in tnis contention is In-ieated by the census report, showing he total amount of corn consumed in istilling in the United States was 16,10,000 bushels in the census year; the mount of rye less than 4,000,000 bushIs, and of wheat but 17,419 bushels. If lansas produced one-tenth of all the lcohol and alcoholic spirits, including Dlogne spirits, produced in the United tates, it would consume less than 2,>0,000 bushels of corn per annum, or insiderably less than the average anual crop of Shawnee county. The live stock business of a half dozi eastern Kansas counties consumes lore corn every year than the dlstilries of the United States.?Topeka, an., Capital.