Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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ISSUED TWIOE-A-WEEE?WBDNESDAT A.KTD FRIDAY. l. m. 8BIST * SONS, Pnbu.hen. } % Jfamitg Jfewsgsger: 4or gromotioii of the gotiticnl, Social, ^gricaltupt and (8ommei;tial Interests of the ?outh. {2SsSCE' vr>T,TTTVTTn 41. YORKVILLE, S. C^ WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1895. jSTTJMBER 83. from th: BY CAPTAIN CI Copyright, 1894, by the J. B. Llpplncott Co. CHAPTER VIL Before guard, mounting, almost half an hour before his usual time for appearing at the office, Colonel Maynard hurried into his desk, sent the orderly for Captain Chester, and then the clerks in the sergeant major's room heard him close and lock the door. As the subject of the shooting was already under discussion among the men there assembled, this action on the part of the chief was considered highly significant It was hardly five minutes before Chester came, looked surprised at finding the door locked, knocked and was admitted. The look on the haggard face at the desk, the dumb misery in the eyes, the wrath and horror in it all, carried him DOCK 2U years IU tuttt giuuiuj uiuimug in the oasemates when the story was passed around that Captain Maynard had lost a wife and an intimate friend during the previous night Chester saw at a glance that, despite his precautions, the blow had come, the truth been revealed at one fell swoop. "Lock the door again, Chester, and come here. I have some questions to ask ? you." The captain silently took the chair which was indicated by a wave of the , colonel's hand and waited. For a moment no word more was spoken. The old soldier, white and trembling strangely, reseated himself at the desk and covered his face with his hands. Twice he drew them with feebly stroking movement over his eyes, as though to rally the stunned faculties and face the trying ordeaL Then a shiver passed v *- - "? ?fit- ? through his rrame, ana wicn Buuaen of the head he fixed his gaze on Chester's face and launched the Question: "Chester, is there any kindness to a man who has been through what I have 1 in telling only half a tale, as you have 1 done?" The captain colored red. "I am at a loes to answer you, colonel," he said after brief reflection. "You know far v* more than you did half an hour ago, ' and what I knew I could not bear to tell ( you as yet" "My God, my God! Tell me all and tell me at ouoe. Here, man, if you need 1 stimulant to your indignation and can- 1 not speak without it read this. I found 1 it open, among the rosebushes in the garden, where she must have dropped it 1 when out there with you. Read it Tell me what it means, for, God knows, I can't believe such a thing of her." He handed Chester a sheet of note paper. It was moist and blurred on the first page, but the inner pages, though damp, were in good condition. The first second and third pages were closely covered in a bold, nervous hand that Chester knew well. It was Jerrold's writing beyond a doubt and Chester's tana erroTXT Viof no >in Tpnrl nr>H Viifl hfiart turned cold as stone when ha finished the last hurried line: My Darling?I must see you, if only for a moment, before you leave. Do not let this alarm you, for the more I think the more I am convinced it is only a bluff, but Captain Chester discovered my absence early this morning when spying around as usual, and now he claims to have knowledge of our secret. Even if he was on the terrace when I got back it was too dark for him to recognize me, and it seems impossible that he can have got any real olew. He suspects, perhaps, and thinks to force me to confession, but I would guard your name with my life. Be wary. Act as though there were nothing on earth between us, and if we cannot meet until then I will be at the depot with the others to see you off, and will then have a letter ready with full particulars and instructions. It will be in the first thing I hand to you. Hide it until you can safely read it. Your mother must not be allowed a glimmer of suspicion, and then you are safe. As for me, even Chester cannot make the colonel turn against me now. My jealous one, my fiery sweetheart, do you not realize now that I was wise in showing her so much attention? A thousand kisses. Come what may, they cannot rob us of the past. Howard. I fear you heard and were alarmed by the shots just after I left you. All was quiet when v I got home. It was some seconds before Chester could control himself sufficiently to speak. 1 wish to Ciod the bullet had gone through his heart!" he 6aid. "It has gone through mine?through mine 1 This will kill her mother. Chester," cried the colonel, springing suddenly to his feet, "she must not know v it. She must not dream of it. I tell you it would stretch her in the dust, dead, for she loves that child with all her strength, with all her being, I believe, for it is two mother loves in one. She had a sou, older than Alice by several years, her firstborn?her glory he was ?but the boy inherited the father's passionate and impulsive nature. He loved a girl utterly beneath him and would have married her when he was only 20. There is no question that he loved her well, for he refused to give her up, no matter what his father threatened. They tried to buy her off, aud she scorned them. Then they had a letter written, while he was sent abroad under pretense v, that he should have his will if he came back in a year unchanged. By Jove, it seems she was as much in love as he, and it broke her Jieart She went off and died somewhere, and he came back ahead of time because her letters had oeased and found it all out. There was an awful scene. He cursed them both? U ii J ? 3 U/i V - latner ana muuier?tuiu ieii< uer Benseless at his feet, and from that day to this they never heard of him, never oould get the faintest report It broke Ren wick?killed him, I guess, for he died in two years, and, as for the mother, yon would not think that a woman to apparently full of life and health was 1 In desperate danger. She had some organio trouble with the heart years ago, E RAXk'S. tiARLES KING. they tell her, and this experience has developed it so that now any great emotion or sudden shock is perilous. Do you not see how doubly fearful this comes to us? Chester, I have weathered one awful storm, but I'm old and broken now. This?this beats me. Tell me what to da" The captain was silent a few moments. He was thinking intently. "Does she know you have that letter?" he asked. Maynard shook his head. "I looked back as I came away. She was in me parlor singing softly to herself at the very moment I picked it np, lying open as it was right there among the roses, the first words staring me in the face. I meant not to read it?never dreamed it was for her?and had turned over the page to look for the superscription. There was none, but there I saw the signature and that postscript about the shots. That startled me, and I read it here just before you came and then could account for your conduct?something I could not do before. God of heaven, would any man believe it of her? It is incredible! Chester, tell me everything you know now?even everything you suspect. ' I must see my way clear." And then the captain, with halting and reluctant tongue, told his story? how he had stumbled on the ladder back of the colonel's quarters and learned from No. 5 that some one had been prowling back of bachelors' row; how he returned there afterward, found the ladder at the Biae wan ana saw cue tall form issue from her window; how he had given chase and been knocked breathless, and of his suspicions and Leary's as to the identity of the stranger. The colonel bowed his head still deeper and groaned aloud. But he had still other questions to 'ask. "Did you see?any one else at the window?" "Not while he was there." "A*t any time, then?before or after?" And the colonel's eyes would take no denial. "I saw," faltered Chester, "nobody. The shade was pulled up, while I was standing there, after I had tripped on the ladder. I supposed the noise of my stumble had awakened he*. " "And woo thief: all? Did von see nothing more?" "Colonel, I did see afterward a woman's hand and arm closing the shade." ' 'My God! And she told me she 6lept the night through ? never waked or heard a sound!" "Did you hear nothing yourself, colonel?" "Nothing. When she came home from the party, she stopped a moment, saying something to him at the door, then came into the library and kissed me good night. I shut up the house and went to bed about half past 12, and her door was closed when I went to our room." "So there were two closed doors, yours and hers, and the broad hall between you?" "Certainly. We have the doors open all night that lead into the rear rooms ??"! TirinHrnrrc Thio <rivPS T1R fthnn dant air. Alice always has the hall dooi closed at night." "And Mrs. Maynard, was she asleep?" "No. Mrs. Maynard was lying awake and seemed a little restless and disturbed. Some of the women had been giving her some hints about Jerrold and fretting her. You know she took a strange fancy to him at the start It was simply be"I saw the stf/naturc and that postscript about the shots." cause he reminded her so strongly of the boy she had lost. She told me so. But after a little she began to discover traits in him she did not like, and then me growing intimacy with Alice worried her. She would have put a stop to the doctor's party, to her going with him, I mean, but the engagement was made some days ago. Two or three days since she warned Alice not to trust him, she says, and it is really as much on this as any other account that we decided to get her away, off to see her Aunt Grace. Oh, God! How blind we are! How blind we are!" And poor old Maynard bowed his head and almost groaned aloud. Chester rose, and in his characteristic way began tramping nervously up and down. There was a knock at the door. "The adjutant's cumpliments, and 'twas time for guard mount. Would the colonel wish to see him before he went out?" asked the orderly. "I ought to go, sir," said Chester. "I am old officer of the day, and there will be just time for me to get into full uniform." "Let them go on without you," said Maynard. "I cannot spare you now. Send word to that effect. Now?now about this man?this Jerrojd. What is the best thing we can do? Of course I know what ho most deserves, but what is the best thing under all the circumstances? Of course my wife and Alice will leave today. She was still sleeping when I left, and, pray God, is not dreaming of this. It was nearly 2 before she closed her eyes last night, and I, too, slept badly. You have seen him. What does he say?" "Denies everything ? everything ? challenges me to prove that he was absent from his house more than five minutes?indeed, I could not, for he may have come in just after I left?and pretended utter ignorance of my meaning when I accused him of striking me before I ordered the sentry to fire. Of course it is all useless now. When I confront him with this letter, he must give in. Then let him resign and get away as quietly as possible before the end of the week. No one need know the causes. Of course shooting is what he deserves, but shooting demands explanation. It is better for your name, hers and all that, he should be allowed to live than that the truth were suspected, as it would be if he were killed. Indeed, sir, if I were you, I would take them to Sablon, keep them away for a fortnight and leave him to ma It may be even judicious to let him go on with all his duties as though nothing had happened, as though he had simply been absent from reveille, and let the whole matter drop like that until all remark and curiosity are lulled; then you can send her back to Europe or the east ?time enough to decide on that?but I will privately tell him be must quit the sendee in six months and show him why. It isn't the way it ought to be settled, it probably isn't the way Armitage would do it, but it is the best thing that occurs to ma One thing is certain. You and they ought to get away at once, and he should not be permitted to see her again. I can run the post a few days and explain matters after yon go." The colonel sat in wretched silence a few moments. Then he arose: "If it were not for her danger?her heart?I would never drop the matter here?never I I would see it through to the bitter end. But you are probably right as to the prudent course to taka I'll get them away on the noon train. He thinks they do not start until later. Now I must go and face it My God, Chester, could you look at that child and realize it? Even now, even now, sir, I believe?I believe some way? somehow?she is innooent" "God grant it sir!" And then the colonel left the offloe, avoiding, as has been told, a word with o?tt man Phaatar tinttrmeri the telltale letter in an inner pocket, after having 1 first folded the sheet lengthwise, and then inclosed it in a long official envelope. The officers, wondering at the colonel's distraught appearance, had come thronging in. hoping for informai tion, and then had gone, unsatisfied and disgusted, practically turned out by their crabbed senior captain. The ladies, after chatting aimlessly about the quadrangle for half an hour, had decid1 ed that Mrs. Maynard must be ill, and 1 while most of them awaited the result two of their number went to the colonel's house and rang the bell. A servant appeared. "Mrs. Maynard wasn't very well this morning and was i breakfasting in her room, and Miss i Alice was with her, if the ladies would please excuse them.'' And so the emis' saries returned unsuccessful. Then, too, as we have seen, despite his good intention of keeping matters hushed as i much as possible, Chester's nervous irritability had got the better of him, ! and he had made damaging admissions ; to Wilton of the existence of a cause ' of worriment and perplexity, and this Wilton told without compunction. And then there was another excitement that set all tongues wagging. Every man had heard what Chester said; that Mr. Jerrold must not quit the garrison un1-~ I J A i. ~ A ???? Ill lie uuu hi bl tuujc ouu been ujc i-eiiiporary commanding officer, and Hall had speedily carried the news to his friend. "Are yon ready to go?" asked Mr. Jerrold, who was lacing his boots in the rear room. '"No. I've got to go and get into 'cits' first." "All right. Go and be lively 1 I'll wait for you at Murphy's, beyond the bridge, provided you say nothing about it." "You don't mean you are going against orders?" "Going? Of course I am. I've got old Maynard's permission, and if Chester : means to revoke it lie's got to get his adjutant here inside of 10 seconds. What i you tell me isn't official. I'm off now!" ; And when the adjutant returned to i Captain Chester it was with the infori mation that he was too late. Mr. Jerrold's dogcart had crossed the bridge i five minutes earlier. Perhaps an hour later the colonel sent for Chester, and tho captain went to his house. The old soldier was pacing slow i ly up and down the parlor floor. ' 'I wanted you a moment. A singular thing has happened. You know that 'directoire' cabinet photo of Alice? My wife always kept it on her dressing table, ;uid this morning it's gone. That frame ? the silver filigree thing?was found behind a sofa pillow in Alice's room, and she declares she has no idea how it got there. Chester, is there any new significance in this?" The captain bowed assent. "What is it?" "That photograph was seen by Major Sloat in Jerrold's bureau drawer at reveille this morning." And such was the situation at Sibley the August day the colonel took his . wife and her lovely daughter to visit Aunt Grace at Lake Sablon. ' JHiscrilanrnus Reading. BE FIRST. What your conscience bids you do, Hasten to obey it. Evil promptings soon would win, If you should delay it. If a quarrel should arise, Be the tirst to leave it, Be the first to pardon ask, Be the first to give it. If to others evil comes, Do your best to stay it. If they need a helpful word, Be the first to say it. If a toilsinan duty calls, Put your efforts to it. If you see a work to do, Be the first to do it. If a slander should arise, From your lips repel it j But if any gooa you know, Be the first to tell it. Conscience holds the prize of peace; Do well, and obtain it. Duty gives the crown of joy; Faithful be, and gain it. THANKSGIVING DAY. From the Washington Times. The custom of issuing a national J proclamation has beeu annual only since Lincoln's time, though George ( Washington issued, as early as 1789, a proclamation, which has served as a ( model for his successors. The Revolutionary fathers believed they had particular reasons for giving . thanks, and they lost few opportuni- 1 ties of doing so. Thus, in the Continental congress, there were resolutions passed setting aside days for acknowledging the kindness of Provi- ( dence in giving victory to the Revolutionist forces. 1 The chaplains of congress were the prime movers in this. But the thanks i of the nation were given rather grudg- i ingly afterward, and it was due to a c Boston women's efforts that President i Lincoln made a habit of proclaiming i a special day for giviug thanks. t Since Lincoln's time the presideuts e have all issued Thanksgiving proclama- j tions early in November. These proc- t lamations are composed usually by the i presidents themselves, and in most instances they have been written with the president's own baud. From the White House they have gone to the state department, where they have been copied with exactness on that official's blue paper. The proclamation is never typewritten. The typewriter is used in all the departments freely with the exception of the state department. Here Secretary Gresham used it for his correspondence ; but before him it was not even used for the secretary's letters. No official document emanating from the state department is ever written on the typewriter. It is invariably engrossed in flowing script on the department's blue bond paper. When the proclamation has been engrossed, at is sent to the office of the clerk of pardons and commissions. He has the custody of the great seal. No impression of this seal can be made without a special warrant signed by the president of the United States himself. This seal is kept constantly under lock and key, except when it is in use for the attesting of pardons, commissions, or proclamations of the president. It is an elaborate affair, which cost $1,000, and the making of the impression is accomplished with much ceremony and not a little labor. When the seal has been affixed the ( document is copied by clerks, and ] copies are sent to the governors of all the States. It is given to the press at c the same time, and the press associa- ( tions telegraph it to all the quarters of i the country for publication. It finds s its way into a good many thousand i newspapers, and probably is read by t 10,00,000 or 15,0000,000 of the people y of the United States. 1 The first thanksgiving proclamation, that of President Washington, was issued in New York, October 3, 1789. President Washington, it will be seen, took time by the forelock. There was t no telegraph in his day and no United t Press to transmit the proclamation to f the uttermost parts of the United r States. It had to reach the interior by j stage and carrier, and no doubt many s of the people who had some reason to < give thanks did not hear of this ap- s pointment of November 26 for that J purpose until November was long j past. s The original of the Washington proc- < lumation is in the hands of the Rev. j J. W. Wellman, who inherited it re- ( motely from his great grandfather, . William Ripley, of Cornish, N. H. It s was much like the proclamation of j to-day. It began with the formal: "By g the President of the United States of ^ America?A proclamation." THE ORIGIN OF MISTER. J Did you ever try to seek an explan- 1 ation for the title of "Mister," the term c so commonly applied to all full-grown ( men as a mark of courtesy or respect ? If you have never undertaken such a task, but feel confident that explana- a tion of the term could be easily found, v lay aside this paper as soon as you.k finish this sentence and make a thmfi i ough search of your encyclopedias i and other works of reference. Ifryou i do as directed, and succeed in fijbding s the explanation sought, the book con- c taining such information sh/juld be ? bound in gold and put away a price- \ less treasure. The best explanation of i the term which the writer \ias succeed- c ed in resurrecting from the musty ( tomes of the past is this ; At a time f when Europe, and particularly Eng- f land was overrun with the nobility and j titled clerics, the common people were { / I known only by their "Christian" or baptismal name. As time passed and certain tradesmen became skillful meihauics they were looked upon as persons above the average intelligence. Being noble, and yet not belonging to the nobility, they began casting about ror a mark. In those days a trade was <ept as a secret and the workers were eferred to as persons who had learned i mystery. Such persons were soon ooked upon as being of higher rank than mere day laborers and husbandmen, and were called "Mysters," or 'Master Misters," because they were proficient in the particular mystery they bad learned. Those who have had the rare opportunity of reading books published in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth centuries will recall the oft-repeated question, 'What mister wight is that?" meaning, what is that man's trade or employment? Smart, the antiquarian, takes a ditterent view of the origin of the term. He says that it was adopted simply for he sake of the analogy it bears to mis;ress, but does not give the origin of die latter word. That the reverse of Smart's view is true, there is but little ioubt. Walker, another authority on the irigin of obscure words and phrases, says that "the same process of change vbich has corrupted 'master' into mister' has also corrupted 'mistress' nto 'missus.'?St. Louis Republic. OLD FORTUNE. )rigiu of the Name " Fortune's Spring Woods." rrora the Wlnnsboro News and Herald. Dr. Morris Moore, of Spartanburg, nany years ago, wrote for The York?'ille Enquirer the following incilent of La Fayette's visit to Columbia u 1824. A guard had been 'placed jefore the door of La Fayette's quarers with instructions to let no one mter without permission. An old Vfrican, neatly dressed, came to the loor and started in ; but the dentinels nterposed their bayonets to bar his mtrance. The old man contemptlously pushed them aside, saying, 'Pshaw, see guns 'fore you was born ; ieen where they been shot by soldiers, ,00," and without further opposition gained his way. He went straight to ,he room where the distinguished juest was standing in a crowd, and :ried out, "I come to see General La Fayette." La Fayette turned, looked it him, and remarked, "An old acjuaintance ; don't tell me who he is." rhe Negro advanced, and bowing, leld out his hand and said, "Howdy, Vlass La Fayette, how do you do, sir. *ou 'member me?" "xes, stop; aon t ,ell me your name. Ah, I have it! Fortune, belonging to Captain Buchanm. The first servant who waited on ne when I came to America. When I anded at Georgetown, I was taken to .he camp of Captain Buchanan near .here, and Fortune waited on me," laid he, as be shook warmly the old nan's hand. The nobleman called for i glass of champagne with Fortune .vhich that worthy took with great lignity. Then he extended his hand, ind said, "Goodbye, Mass La Fayette, ve are getting old; we'll never meet igain. God bless you." They shook lands again. Fortune went out, ??nntpH his nnnv. and started for lis home at Winnsboro, saying he had come to see General La Fayette, now ie'd done that he was going home. When quite a small boy I remember ild Fortune. He was taken care of by Jeueral John Buchanan, and had nothng to do except work a little for himself. He bad a rice patch on the land low owned by the town, and hence ,he name Fortune's Spring. For many r'ears this has been the favorite place or military barbecues and picnics. g. h. m. The Convention's Good Deal.? To our mind the most important issue hat has received the consideration of .be constitutional convention is the irticle affecting the free school system. There is nothing, absolutely nothing, hat will result to the benefit morally, socially, politically and materially of >ur people more than a general diffusion of knoledge, a good practical education. We note that the convention las imposed a tax of three mills for school purposes, thereby increasing it >ne mill. This is like it should be, for ike in everything else it takes money ,o run schools, aud this increase of the lublic funds will insure longer annual sessions, procure more competent eacbers and give a more efficient system. It would be an idle task to ead a lesson to our people on the imjortance of education, and we feel quite lire that thev will cladlv and freelv )ay almost any t^x that will give us >etter free schools. It is certainly a :ase of pro bono publico.?Edgefield Chronicle, ' r flST^Experts in chemistry are now ible^ to utilize various products in a i^ay which would doubtless have been leemed impossible a few years ago. skillful, scientific men can turn scrap ron into ink, old bones into lucifer notches, the shavings of the blacksmith's shop into Prussian blue, fusel )il into oil of apples aud pears, beggars' rags into new pilot coats, and tar vaste into aniline dyes and saccbaine. In Paris rats are utilized to dear the flesh from the bones of car:asses. The rats are then killed, their ur used for trimmings, their skin for gloves, their thigh bones for toothficks, and their tendons and bones for gelatine wrappers. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. THURSDAY. Under the guidance of the steerage committee, things went through with a rush. The homestead section of the article on legislative department consumed considerable time. As adopted, the article leaves heads of families homestead exemption to the amount of $1,000 in realty and $500 in personalty, and to any other insolvent debtor, an exemption of$300. FRIDAY. On Friday, it was decided that the supreme court should consist of four judges, elected by the legislature, and that their terms should continue for eight years. In the new judicial article as adopted, there are many points of difference from the old, and provision was made for the establishment of county courts, whenever the legislature shall see fit. SATURDAY. A great deal of heavy work was done with but little friction. The article on corporations was completed with the rejection of the provision prohibiting the releasing of freights. The proceedins were not possessed of any striking features of general interest. MONDAY. A great deal of work was done. The proposition to create the county of beabrook came up. An amendment to tack on the county of Rock Hill was offered. Mr. Bellinger objected on the grounds that the amendment was not germane to the subject, but was overruled. Mr. W. B. Wilson started to make a speech, and Mr. Behre raised the point that according to a resolution introduced by Mr. Estridge, no man could repeat the same speech more than three times. [Laughter.] Mr. G. D. Tillman tried to get in bis 300 square miles amendment again; but failed. Mr. W. B. Wilson then repeated his former speech in favor of Rock Hill county. Mr. Brice replied as before. Messrs. Stanyarne Wilson and S. E. White spoke in favor of Rock Hill. There was further discussion, and upon a vote, the Rock Hill proposition was lost 65, to 31. The Seabrook proposition was killed by a vote of 64 to 53. A proposition to have the court expenses of the counties to be be paid by the State was voted down, 75 to 38. The proposition to levy a tax of 1 mill to put counties on a cash basis was killed. Senator Tillman made a special effort to require the support of Winthrop college. Mr. Patton moved to amend by requiring the support of the other colleges. The Patton amendment was voted on and defeated 65 to 49. Ashe, Brice and W. B. Wilson voted with the minority. The votes o! s. jh. ana a. h. wniie are not recorded. Senator Tillman voted with the majority. The question then came up on requiring the support of Winthrop alone. The proposition was rejected, 79 to 39. Ashe, Brice, Wilson and A. H. White voted with the minority. The vote of S. E. White is not recorded. Senator Tillman, of course,, voted for the amendment. All the articles but those on legislative departmeut and judiciary were completed on Tuesday, when the convention would adjourn until next Monday. There will be but little to do on Monday, but to ratify what has already been done. A Hard Fought Battle.?A KeyWest cablegram of Thursday says: "Passengers by the Olivette tonight report that General Antonio Maceo, itfifti 1 SOn men bar! a battle with General Navarro, on the 17th near Santa Clara, which lasted 17 hours. The Spanish were defeated with a loss of 500 killed and wounded. General Navarro, having been wounded, narrowly escaped being captured. The insurgents' loss is said to be very small. Advices also state that yesterday General Maximo Gomez fought a battle with General Suarez Valdez in the Santa Clara province. The battle lasted for several hours, the insurgents finally defeating the troops, seriously wounding General Valdez and killing Colonel Aldave. Full particulars of the battle were not known on the departure of the steamer Olivette from Havana today." V&T An Illinois schoolteacher severely whipped a pupil recently, because the odor of onions was on his breath. The children of the school promptly rebelled against the introduction of the rod as a punishment for eating onions, and all have eaten raw onions at every school day meal since. The parents of the children have taken up the cause, and now nearly all the inhabitants of the town are eating ODIOUS* tiSF A Connecticut man has patented a machine for making hats out of wood. A log of wood cut square, fed to the machine, is converted into fine strips of wood much resembling excelsior. It is claimed that when these are moistened they can be woven much more rapidly than straw, and make a durable hat. The inventor says the substance is lighter than straw, and that because of its easier manipulation and lower cost it will supersede the straw now used for headgear. We see that a man really becomes better or worse morally, advances or retrogrades socially, according to the standard of life which prevails around him?a standard which he himself is at the same time helping to depress or raise.