Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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(Gaston, Surratt, Cherokee and Xinetvnine islands) capable of developing, without storeage, an aggregate of 7,250 horse power, which, it is estimated, with proper storeage, can be considerably more than doubled. The banks of the streams at all these sites are in every way admirably adapted to the development of the different powers to their utmost limit, and furnish splendid locations for necessary buildings. They rise from fifteen to twenty feet above the level of the stream, away beyond the reach of high water. Though but two of the shoals, Cherokee and Gaston, are now being utilized, all of these powers have, in time, been developed to so some extent for various purposes. Just south of the North Carolina line, and about seven miles northwest of Blacksburg, is the Surratt power, which has a fall of 35 feet in one and threequarter miles. The minimum power furnished at low water, without storeage, is 1,450 horse, and with storeage, the maximum runs up to 4,000 horse power. About two miles south of this, the Gas ton shoal, with a minimum power of 400 horse, is the site of a wheat and eorn mill. The shoal has a fall of ten feet in one mile of distance, and is capable, with storeage, of developing 1,150 horse power. Next in order comes the Cherokee shoal with a fall of fifty feet in two miles of distance. The available motive force at this place is estimated at 2,700 horse power at low water without storeage, and 0,900 with storeage. The furnaces and works of the King's Mountain Iron comSany were located at this shoal, and three undred horse power were obtained from an old fashioned breast wheel with ten feet of fall. Sixteen feet fall are easily available within two hundred yards of distance. About a mile and a half further down the river is the Ninety-nine Islands shoal, with a fall of fifty feet in three miles, and capable of developing the same power as Cherokee. The Augusta division of the Three C's railroad will cross the river over this shoal, making it a most desirable location for manufacturing purposes. Building stone of very good quality and abundant in quantity, is to be had immediately on the banks of the river at all of these shoals, and all necessary building material can be gotten in the immediate vicinity. Besides the water power of the river, this section is traversed by two creeks, (King's and Buffalo) both of which have considerable volume and are capable of 1UI UlSJIilJg HIUVI1 auuiliv/uoi [/v/nvi. 1/Ui falo creek has a drainage area of one hundred and seventy-two square miles, and a rapid fall, which is capable of developing from 5i to 15 horse power per foot. The power of King's creek is little more than one-third as great. THE CHEROKEE FALLS COTTON FACTORY, owned and operated by the Cherokee Falls Manufacturing company, and situated at the site formerly occupied by the King's Mountain Iron works, at the head of Ninety-nine Islands, is the only manufacturing enterprise as yet utilizing any portion of the vast water power of this locality. This mill operates 7,800 spindles with about 90 operatives, and is in a most prosperous condition. Commencing operation In 1881 with $75,000, it has, by its own earnings, increased its capital stock to $100?500 and is now paying a handsome semiannual dividend to its stockholders. The machinery is moved by three turbine wheels, of 100 horse-power each, and which utilize only about one fourth of the water that may easily be made available at this point. The mill is situated about three and a half miles south of Blacksburg, and will be directly on the line of the Augusta division of the Three C's railroad THE OLD IRON WORKS. SHORT SKETCH OF THE IRON INDUSTRY IN WESTERN YORK. According to tradition, the first iron makers jn Western York were the first set tiers, rne ores in mis vicinity ueing very pure and abundant, were easily converted into iron in Catalan forges, and as only a small quantity was necessary to supply the then limited demand, it was manufactured by this primitive process at a very early period in the history of the countrysome years previous to the Revolution. The first regular furnace (according to Col. John L. Black, who furnishes us with this information) was built along about the year 1809 by Jacob Stroup, and was located near the mouth of King's creek. After continuing in operation only a few years, during which time it did a most prosperous business, it was destroyed by a sudden rise in the creek, which flooding the hearth and chilling the iron in the iron box, as the iron makers say, "blew her out. The.chilled mass of iron is still to be seen upon the spot. After this mishap, Stroup sold the property to Messrs. Win. McGill and Jno. B. Darwin, and having in the meantime discovered a more desirable location, moved up the river and commenced the erection of another furnace at the site at present occupied by the Cherokee Falls factory. This was about the year 182o. After nearly completing the new works, all but putting them in operation, he sold out to E. uraham A- Co., a firm composed of Emmor (Jraham, Jacob M. Deal, James A. Black, Robert, Peter and John Bryce. These gentlemen, upon taking charge of the enterprise, added to it on a large scale, building the first rolling mill established in the South, and commenced an extensive manufacturing business. About the year 1837 they in turn sold out the works to a joint stock organization, chartered and incorporated under the name of the King's Mountain Iron company, which, with $100,000 capital, continued to make iron up to the close of the war, in 18Go. Long before shutting down, however, the product of these works had gained a world-wide reputation, having stood every test required of a superior quality of iron, and commanded a high price even in England, where it was in great demand for the purpose of making fine cutlery. Neither was the iron of this locfllitv held in anv less annreciation in i this country. It found a market as far I north as Richmond, Ya., was hauled in j wagons to different points in North Carolina and Tennessee, and was extensively I used by the United States Government in the manufacture of ordinance at Harper's Ferry. One of the last orders filled by i the King's Mountain Iron company was for 1,400 car wheels, which were furnished 1 to the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta | railroad, and are still remembered as being j superior to any wheels ever used on that j road before or since. Notwithstanding all this, hi the demor- j alized state of affairs that succeeded the ! close of the war, the works were forced to | shut down. Before being able to recuper-! ate, the manufacture of iron was com- j menced in other localities possessed of the : advantage of good transportation facilities j and an abundance of coal, and the richer j ores of this vicinity, becoming more and more isolated, as compared with other j iron making centres, were necessarily neg-' lected. But the possibility of available | coal now being a settled probability of the ' immediate future, there is little reason to fear that this state of affairs will long continue. The most valuable ores have been secured by the Magnetic Iron and Steel Ore Mining company, which owned, controlled and directed by men of means, experience and enterprise, may be depended upon to develop their interests to their fullest capacity. BITS OF HISTORY ANI) TRADITION OF MORE OR LESS INTEREST IN CHEROKEE. The vicinity of Blacksburg was long known by the' people of the Cherokee section as "Stark's Folly." The first comers to this country found this particular locality an apparently barren waste, which they considered so worthless that it was many years before any one saw fit to build on and claim the lands, which was first done by a man named Stark, and for want of abetter name, the people of the neighborhood designated the locality as above. The Whitesides limestone spring and the branch which forms its outlet, are still marked Folly Spring and Folly Branch on surveyors' plats. Whitaker mountain is said to be named in honor of Sally Whitaker, who, with her father's family, at one time lived in the gap in the mountain. One afternoon, while searching for the cows, in company with her little brother, the latter was attacked by a large panther. Sally carried a rifle, with .which she succeeded in killing the brute, and the mountain has ever since been known by its present name. The aborigines of this country were the Catawbas, to whom all of York county originally belonged, Broad river forming the western boundary of their territory. The Cherokees were a remnant of a Canadian tribe, forced south by the French before the whites settled in this section. They attempted to establish themselves along the eastern banks of Broad river, but as the result of a great battle with the L 4*' Catawlms, were driven to the other side at the crossing known as Cherokee ford. Numbers of old Indian graves, marked by heaps of stones, are still to been along the high ridges in this section, there being probably a dozen on Whi taker mountain. Buffalo creek is said to have been so named 011 account of its valley having formerly been a favorite range of large herds of buffalo. Doolittle creek (corrupted from "little deer") derived its name from a similar reason. Col. Williams, one of the heroes of King's Mountain, was buried about four miles north of Blacksburg, on lands of Captain John B. Mintz, who lias considerately allowed a cluster of trees to remain around the grave. Mortally wounded in the battle, the colonel was borne away by his comrades as far as this spot, where he requested them to stop, and shortly afterward expired. It was near here that Colonel Frederick Hambright captured a tory courier bearing the well known dispatch to Cornwallis in which Ferguson boasted that he occupied a strong position 011 King's Mountain, and "all the rebels out of h?1 couldn't drive him from it." Adair's ferry, the favorite crossing place of Horseshoe Robinson, the hero of Kennedy's famous novel, is also within a short distance of this place. MUSCULAR STENGTH. .JO//.V I. SULLIVAN DISCUSSES PHYSICAL TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT. I suppose that a good deal of my strength i and activity is due to training and hard work. No man can keep strong unless he uses his muscles regularly, and almost < anybody can build himself up from a weak fellow who is no good into a first-class man. Of course a man who is born strong < has a vast advantage over one who is born sick or delicate. In my own case 1 had very healthy pa- ; rents and was, I am told, a very good specimen of a baby and a child. I iiad lit- , tie or no sickness in my early life or, in fact, at any time. I was a very strong and healthy boy as far back as I can remember. ; I always had a great love for sports and j exercise. Fortunately for me it took the i form of a taste for games and exercises i which demand quickness of eye and limb j rather than mere brute force. Any man's muscles can be developed in i two ways. He can work for mere bodily < strength or for active energy. Most people labor under the false impression that strength means huge muscles and the pow- .? er to lift big weights, and that everything different means weakness. They are partly right and partly wrong. They are al- ' ways disappointed when they see a first- .> * ~ ' * r? ? x! IT, 1 ^ ^ 1 class ooxer ior ine nrst nine, xie iuuks i small and insignificant according to their preconceived notions. The men they like i to look at are the performers in the circus or the museum, men who pull horses back- ] ward and lift heavy barrels with their teeth. ] In this respect there are hundreds of men ] who are stronger than I am. "Strongarm" Kelly, who used a 2()U-pound dumb-bell, ] Gus Hill who swings an Indian club weigh- i ing as much as an average man, Mile. 1 Angela, who lifts and carries half a ton, Prof. Frank Herreschaff, brother of the i great boat-builder, who raises 2,000 pounds 1 from the ground, and a lot of others are much stronger in this way than any prize- ; fighter, dead or alive. But such people are i only big machines; they can do the line of business in which they work and train, < but nothing else. t There are lots of clever young men who < are ambitious to go into gymnasiums and j exercise faithfully with heavy dumb-bells ; and clubs until they have developed big < muscles all over their bodies. Then all of i mwl/lArt +lim? om A niofoh 1 tt 9UUUCU HICJ' 1111V1 llici.v mvj cuv iiv iimivu ? for a man half their size in boxing, wrest- 1 ling, running,jumping, rowing, swimming < or playing athletic games. Generally they ] blame themselves for the inferiority and < are disappointed. It is very seldom that ] they realize that it is their training and not 1 their bodies that they ought to btyme. In : this way many splendid specimens of man- ] hood who would excel in general atletics and make great records in all the games they entered, convert themselves into heavy, ox-like fellows who can do nothing : more than lift, pull and draw. I did not fall into this mistake. 1 liked ] sparring, running and such sports, and . when I went to work I got into trades i where a man must be quick rather than I strong, and where he is in the open air a < good deal of his time and is always doing i something with his muscles. When I was < eighteen I was about as tall as I am now, ; but I was smaller in other directions. 1 measured about 30 or 37 inches around the ] chest, weighed about 170 pounds and was about 31 inches around the waist. I had a hearty appetite then and liked all sorts of food, especially those that are plain and substantial. 1 had no rule, but : ate and drank just as I felt like it. I ran a ; good deal towards meats and vegetables, and very little toward fancy dishes. About this time I began to exercise reg- i ularly with a view to better myself in spar- i ring and general condition.' I did not : know much about such things in those i days, but took points from those of my < friends that had more or less experience. Luckily for me they were pretty well posted and their advice did me good. In my exercise I went for light work and let < i _i. ..i ?.. /\ .... t ....... I It'll \ c\ \> l/I K 111(11 It". ( /UtC ('1 I Witt" l war? advised to try lifting machines and heavy : weights, hut I never did. If you examine : people who do heavy lifting you find that the muscles, though very large and often very hard, move very slowly and generally are uneven. They are what sporting men call "knotted." Besides that?and : this is far more important?the heart and : lungs tire almost always weakened by these "health lifters." With a man who boxes or rows, the heart heats faster and the blood moves swifter when he is at work than when he is resting. : The lungs sympathize and he breathes quicker and deeper. When such a man begins the season he gets red in the face * very rapidly, then grows "winded" and finally so weak as to be exhausted. As he keeps on day after day the heart and lungs become stronger, and after a good while work just as well as his muscles. An oars- : man in spring, or sprinter out of practice, gets "pumped;" but before a month of practice has gone by they are in first-rate form. The man who lifts heavy weights does so very slowly and so does not exercise the heart or wind. After a year or two he presents the odd picture of a giant in muscles with the heart of a young girl. "Strongarm" Kelley could not trot around the block where he lived, and Dr. Winship, who lifted nearly two tons, could not dance five minutes without being played out. There have been great athletes who never use any instruments, whatever, but merely indulged in every possible movement which would call into play the various parts of the body. To an expert the arm, leg, head, or truiik, are as easily employed to produce results as any club, bell, wand, pulley or weight. In punching, they used at one time a heavy sandbag, then a light one, next a sawdust bag and now a bladder or a football hung by a rope from the ceiling. Anybody can hit a sandbag, and after it has swung away hit it again on its return. Hut it takes considerable skill and practice to hit a light bladder and punch it again as it flies back at your face. In mv own training I rely upon the system I have described. I waik, but walk so fast as to throw a good strain upon the muscles and the wind. I run in the same way. 1 practice jumping forward and backward, broad and high. These develop the lower part of the uody. For the upper part, I try punching the bag, sparring with my trainers and friends and wrestling. I do not put much dependence on bells and clubs. There are some false notions about training. Many people think it is a serious process into which a man is converted into a mass of bone and muscle, and is obliged to live a life of self-denial under mechanical and very severe rules. It used to be so in the old days, but things have changed a good deal in this respect. A man's mind and temper should be kept good natured while training, and there is the chief value of trainers. It is very hard for any strong man to be happy and healthy when he leads a humdrum sober life all by himself. Exercise and training become' monotonous and stupid in no time under such circumstances. lie needs clever entertaining trainers and agreeable companions. Pleasant conversation, chafing, satire, ridicule and healthy laughter are good aids in training as well as at dinner. A pugilist in training spars and wrestles far better when he has an audience of friends he likes, than when he is alone. There seems to be a prevailing outcry by the press against sociability on the part' of members of the ring which is opposed to these ideas. Its only value is against that sociability which involves dissipation and wasted energy. In all other respects it is the opposite of the truth.?[John L. Sullivan. ahc ^ to I'D Seller. THE RUNAWAY SHIP. A STORY OF THE SEA. I had command of the old Overshot, a good ship, and one which put money into the hands of her owners. She was built for the India trade, and, with the exception of one voyage to Smyrna, she had stuck to the purpose for which she was put! together. On the present occasion I was] bound for India, and my cargo was made up of a curious variety. I bad for passengers an old gentleman, whose head was white and his form bent with years, and his three sons, the youngest of whom was about thirty-five, and the eldest not far from fifty years. Then there were several women, and some half-dozen children. We had doubled the southern capes of Africa, and were just poking our nose into the Indian Ocean, when a circumstance happened which was destined to try our nerves somewhat. One afternoon one of the men in the foretop reported a sail very near ahead, in the line of our course. "Some homeward bound Indiaman, probably," remarked Mr. Lee, my mate. I nodded assent, and then went to the cabin and told my passengers that if they '>"'1 cjnul linmotlior lmrl lint JIUVI an > iciitirj iu ov?ivt nv/iuv v?t\j ?*?v* . ter have them ready, for perhaps we were about to meet a ship hound for old Eng- j land. They went to work upon my suggestion at once, and in the course of an hour we had a letter-bag neatly sewed up and directed. The wind was now a little south of east, so that we stood upon our course northeast with freedom, and the coming ship was heading very nearly upon us, though as we came nearer she kept away a little further to the westward. "Is it an English ship ?" asked my whitehaired old passenger. "I think it is," was my reply ; and just as I spoke my mate came down from the foretop, where he had been with the glass. I noticed that his face looked troubled, and dso that he kept back some remark which he was on the point of dropping, at the same time regarding the old passenger with \ look that seemed to indicate that he was in the way. I took the hint, and carelessly walked forward. Mr. Becket, the mate in question, followed me. At the gangway I stopped. UUTl.^1 !.. !i. on T " W Jllll l? It ." i iishni. "Why, sir that ship is the old Dorset," ?iid he. "The Dorset?" I replied. "Impossible!" "But I am sure," persisted Becket. 'There's not another ship in England with $uch a figurehead. Those two girls are not to be mistaken." "But are you sure that she has that figurehead ?" "Certainly. You'll be able to see it from here in a few moments." "But," said I, "the Dorset has not yet bad time to reach Sidney, let alone getting back as far as this." "Of course," answered Becket, with a keen glance about him, "but don't you think a ship could run away without doing the errand she had in hand?" "Eh?" That's all I uttered at the moment, for a strange thought was beginning to work its way to my mind. "You remember what sort of a cargo the Dorset had, don't you ?". my mate remarked. Of course I remembered, for I met the captain of the Dorset the day before she jailed, and had a quiet dinner with him at Cowley's. He was an old friend of mine, md named Bumstead?Harry Bumstead? ind as good a sailor as ever trod a deck at ;ea. Now the facts, as they came crowding rather unpleasantly upon my mind, were Uiocn rPlir> iiwf tivn U'Ppks before I did, and took out twenty-three convicts who had been sentenced to transportation. These, of course, he had to :lrop at Sidney or Port Jackson, and as he had part of a cargo for that place, lie was to go there first. So I knew that the Dorset had no business to be running away from the Indian Ocean now. "What do you think about it?" asked Becket who had been watching nie. "Let me take the glass," said I, without seeming to notice this question, lie handed me the glass, and I at once I 1 1 .1.1 1 ..,.4- 4-1.^ leapuu upuu iiiu iiurseuiuuiv ami ?ui mc focus. The coming ship was now so near that the hull was nearly all up, and my tirst look was upon the figure-head. There could be no mistake now. I could distinctly see the two female forms clasping each other by the hands, I knew to be the ulorning figure of the Dorset's cutwater. "Mr. Becket," I said, after I had satistied myself upon this point, "that is the Dorset, and no mistake." "Yes, but what do you make of it ?" "What do you make of it?" I asked. He pondered a few moments, and then aid : "I think the convicts have taken the ship." "So do 1," was my rejoinder. As 1 thus spoke 1 walked aft to where my first mate stood by the wheel, and ilrawing him to one side, I told him my fears. He leaped upon the rail and gazed ;it our neighbor, and when he reached the (leek again he was of my opinion. "It must be so," he said. "What shall we do ?" That was the question. What shall we do? The ship had now come to within half a mile, and all doubts respecting her identity were at an end. I now knew that >he was the Dorset, and, of course felt confident that the convicts must by some means have gained possession. "She didn't have the best crew that ever was," remarked Lee, nervously. "1 knew some of her men, and they were as previous a set of scamps as ever breathed." This made the matter worse still. Of my whole crew 1 could muster but thirty men, counting the three able passengers, having set live men on shore at St. Helena sick with fever, and being unable at the time to make their places good. On board the Dorset there would be the twenty-three convicts, and, in all probability, a great part of the crew?perhaps forty men in all. What shall we do? To let the ship pass on under such circumstances seemed hardly the thing for an|Englishman, and to engage with such a renegade crew was sheer madness. 1 asked my officers what they thought, and they thought just as I did. 1 explained the matter to my three passengers, and they said they would help me if they could be assured they would be of any use. * But during all this time the ship in question had been nearing us, we having steered, so to speak, with her, and now she was not more than two cables' length distant upon our lee bow. "Ship ahoy!" I shouted through my trumpet. "Hallo!" came from the other ship. "What ship is that ?" "The Ben Franklin," answered the same voice, the owner of which wore a Scotch cap and red shirt. "Where are vou bound ?" "To New York." "Belong there?" "Yes." At this moment she had ranged ahead far enough so that I could see that she had the American flag at her peak, which had been before hidden by her canvas. There were certainly forty men leaning over her rail, and I knew at once that we could not easilv overcome them. At that moment, i..,,i ..... i...................I. i ......I.! nuu iitcv t uucn iivui \Jiiui4j;iij x \.vyiii\i have jumped on hoard and engaged with those men single-handed. What had hecome of poor lfarry Bumstoad, thought J, and the few men who might have remained faithful to him ? While these thoughts and a thousand others were wildly rushing through my mind, the Dorset passed on. I knew it was my old friend, for all the lies they had told in answer to my questions. I had no thought of conjecture on the subject; hut that the ship was the Dorset 1 knew just as well as I should have known my own brother's. As the shipped passed on I saw a face at one of the quarter windows. I seized a glass and leveled it. It was the face of Harry Hu instead, as sure as fate And he waved a handkerchief toward me with the most frantic gesticulations. The sense of pain was just sinking into my whole soul, when an idea flashed across my mind that caused me to fairly leap from my feet. All was now hops and bustle in my brain, and as soon a. possible I got my wits into working order "Put the ship upon her course again," 1 ordered. "We can do nothing?" said Docket, interrogatively. "Wait," said 1 in return. "It isn't too late vet." "But?" "Stop. Wait until I have shaped out a plan, and then you shall know it." It was now quite late, for, just as poor Harry Bumstoad waved his handkerchief at me the last time, the sun was sinking into the western waters. J watched the Dorset until distance and gloom combined to hide her from me, and I knew that she was bound for the Atlantic. I saw her ; take in the lofty sails in preparation for the ; night, and 1 felt my hope increase. The last I eouhl see she was steering southwest. As soon as it was dark 1 had the helm up, and ordered the ship to he worn around i upon the other tack, and as soon as this was done 1 set the course due south, and crowded on all sail. The officers and men gathered around me, and wished to know what all this meant. "It means," answered I, "that I will have those villains in irons again, if I can." "Hut how?" came from a dozen. "I'll tell you. Our ship is by all odds the best sailer, with every sail set; hut now that the Dorset has only topgallant sails over doubled reefed topsails, we can shoot ahead fast. By midnight I calculate to he further south than she will he, so I'll keep on this course until I'm sure, and then I'll run to the west'rd, and lie in waiting for her. I can tell you better when the time comes. Hut I'm not afraid, for I won't run into danger." The breeze held fair, and we carried our royals and studding sails below and aloft. At midnight I knew that we must be considerably further south than the Dorset; but, instead of running directly west, 1 changed the course to west-sou'-west, knowing that thus we should come upon the other's track soon enough. At three o'clock I made careful reckoning of the point the Dorset must strike if she kept her XI x 1 I iuu course souuiwesi, ami 1 icu .iuiu wac just where we should be. My first move was to heave to and take in sail, and then 1 sent the topgallant masts on deck and housed the topmasts. Next I had all our arms brought upon deck, and I found that we had more than enough for a brace of pistols and a cutlass to each man. After this I had the pumps rigged; and hardly had this been accomplished when the lookout reported a sail. I hastened forward, and could plainly see the outlines of the tophaniper of a heavy ship looming up darkly against the sky. I had the lanterns hoisted, and then set the men at work at the pumps. Ere long the ship came near enough to hail. She put down her helm, and laid her course to run under our stern. "Ship ahoy!" came from the Dorset?for I could make out the drapery of the figurehead. I made my mate answer at my suggestion for fear the villains should recognize my voice. "Ilallo! send a boat 011 board," yelled Lee, just as the Dorset passed under our stern. "We have sprung a leak, and our ship is sinking." "What have you got on board ?" "Furniture and provisions, and forty thousand dollars in money." The Dorset hove to and lowered a boat, which was soon alongside full of men. The villains quickly began to come over the side. "Haven't settled much yet," one of them remarked, as he noticed how we stood. "We've kept the pumps going well," I nmiu "Where's your gold ? Let's have that first." "This way," said I, moving to the poop. When half way there I motioned for the men to stop pumping. "Down!" I uttered, and as I spoke I gave the man nearest me a hlow with my cutlass across the head that knocked him down. Only fifteen of the men had come from the other ship, and as my crew were prepared, these fifteen were down and gagged almost before they could realize that anything was out of the way. They were unprepared, and nearly all of them were unarmed. "Ship ahoy!" I cried, through my trumpet, speaking as grimly as possible, to imitate the voice of the fellow I had knocked down. "Hallo!" came in reply. "Send another boat. * We can't bring half. Send quickly, for the old thing is sinking." The Dorset soon lowered one of her quarterboats and came alonside, with ten men in it. 'j. hey came hurrying over the side, and as soon as they were on the gangway we fell upon them?not wildly, but with regular system?and in a short time they were secure. My course was now simple. I first saw every man so firmly bound that he could not move, and then I called twenty-four men into the two boats, still alongside, | leaving only six men on board my ship. We pulled for the Dorset as smartly as possible. When we came to her gangway I saw several heads peeping over the rail, hut we had taken the precaution to put on the Scotch caps of the convicts, and they had no suspicions. Docket was the first on her deck, and I followed next. "Got the money?" asked the coarse fellow. um .4. - r :a . ak,. ??*%? n r I "".HOSl 1)1 11 IS HI UIV." llUiim lll/n , Jl 1\-pliecl. "ltig a whip, and we'll have it aboard." The villain had not noticed my weapons. I recognized in him at once the boatswain j of the ship, a man who had been hired at Liverpool, and whose character was not among the best. As he turned to order the whip rigged, and T saw that all my men were 011 hoard, drawing my weapon, T sprang upon him and cut him down. At the first onset 011 board my own ship I had been careful not to kill any one, for fear I might he mistaken; hut i was not doubtful now, for some of the prisoners had confessed the crime. There were seventeen men aft on hoard theship for me to capture, and we captured them without losing one of our own men and only killing four of them. As soon as our prisoners were safe, T made way to the cabin, and in one of the quarter galleries 1 found ('apt. Humstead. In the hold of the Dorset we found lifteen of the crew in irons. Iiuinstead ex plained to nie in a few words what had happened. Only five days before, the boatswain, who had shown much insubordination during; the voyage, headed nineteen of the crew, who had joined him, and, having set the convicts free, they fell upon the rest of the crew at night, and made an easy victory. The lirst and second mates they had killed, and the boatswain would have killed all hands, but the rest of the mutineers refused to have it done. So it had been arranged that the captain and his friends should be confined and set on shore on the first out-of-the-way island they could find. It was soon arranged that Bumstead should proceed to Sidney within bis fifteen faithful men, feeling sure that the convicts could be so confined as to be safe. So I saw his prisoners faithfully ironed, and then took the mutineers on board my own ship, intending to carry tbem to Calcutta. There were fifteen in number, four only having been killed in the conflict. That night the Dorset tacked and stood away for Australia, while we kept on up the ocean. We arrived safely at Calcutta, ' ' ' T ' * A. .9.. X.... .1 1 aim neiore 1 icit i /a pin in minisioauaii-ivou, and the mutineers soon after paid for their crime with their lives. ^ +. Ixckusoix's Idka of a Sox<;.?A week or two a^'o, Colonel Will S. Hays, Kentucky's ?-reat writer, out of idle curiosity wrote a letter to one of the most famous and eloquent orators in this country, Col. Robert (J. Ingersoll, asking the question, "Which has the most powerful influence on the mind, and lives longest in the memories of men, an eloquent and flowery speech or a plaintive and pretty little ballad." Colonel 1 lays received the following reply a day or since: "If I make the most eloquent and flowery speech that lips ever uttered, and you would come along with a six hit fiddle and play "Home Sweet Home" across the street from where I was pouring forth my eloquence, you'd steal the crowd and leave me talking to empty air in three minutes. A speech, no matter how flowery and eloquent, enters the ear, and like a homeless tramp, walks sluggishly down the by-way of memory, knocks at the door of the heart, is refused admittance, and dies on the road to the I ,,f CuiTHift*ii1n<ic< Itnf ! ^nil<r fiUNV^CllV. ?. .w.8w.>u..v.v. "Mollic Darling," conns skipping along; with horapron lull of flowers,jumping; into the ear, and dances along; down the sunny pathway of memory, throwing; her roses rigcht and left, and her kisses at the birds, until she, weary with her frolic with Nature, then pauses in front of the Mansion of Memory, knocks on the door of the heart, goes in and lives long; after the most powerful, gtffted and eloquent speech ever uttered by the lips of man will be buried in the mind of men and forgotten." 4- 4 ('oxsr.MPTiox 1 xkm"nors.?A curious case of consumption is reported by the British Medical Journal, where a girl of fourteen placed in her ears the earrings of a friend who had died of consumption. She soon developed an ulcer in the ear, which discharged tubercle bacilli. Later her neck and then her lungs were affected, and she soon had pulmonary consumption. The lesson, says the Journal, is a plain one to scientists, and it must be learned by all that consumption is infectious and can he brought on us by sleeping with the diseased, or by wearing tneir clothing, or by any other method that allows'the bacilli to I enter our blood or our lungs. |HisccUiutfo?s pcmting. I THE FARMERS' ALLIANCE. AN ADDRESS Delivered l)cCore Mount Pleasant. Alliance, j of Chester county, and Cedar Grove AI- j liance, of York, September 7, 188b, by j "\V. N. Rider, State Lecturer. Ladies, Gentlemen and Brethren : I appear before you in somewhat a new role of business. Being of a diffident disposition and never having felt myself gifted with oratorical powers, I have, until but a j short time back, refrained from appearing I in public as a speaker; but feeling it the j duty of every one to put his shoulder to the wheel, and to do all that he can, by acts, words and deeds, to raise the farmer from the slough of depression into which lie has allowed himself to sink, is why 1 have accepted your kind invitation to address you on this occasion. It affords me pleasure to meet so many of you here to-day?assembled for the purpose of recreation and enjoyment. This j is a nrivileire denied many of our fellow | men, and we should he thankful to kind Providence that our lots have been cast in a land where there are so many privileges and advantages. Are we improving these advantages? Statistics show that we are not. Thirty years ago the wealth producers of the United States?the farmers and mechanics?owned one-half of the wealth, and now we own scarcely one-fourth. What a retrograde! And if tilings were to continue in the future as in the past, it would be but a few years until we would drift into serfdom equal to, if not worse than that existing in England, Ireland, Russia and many other older countries. But methinks the times are changing! The daylight is dawning! The farmers are seeing the error of their course, and through our organization a change will be effected! Now as most of you are members of the alliance, or well-wishers to our cause, my remarks to-day will be chiefly concerning the order, its aims and its objects, etc. The alliance is an organization for the improvement and protection of the fanners as a class. You know, see and feel that we need improvement in every sense of the word. The times and existing circumstances; the formation of so many combines, monopolies and trusts, demand that we, the only unorganized class, should do something to shield and protect ourselves from the vice-like grasp that is being gradually thrown around us. There are many who take the alliance to be a new thing, and think its existence will be of short duration. They are ju<l<ring, I suppose, from the rapidity of its growth, and increase here in our own State. It has been so much like the mushroom, they think, that its decline will be similar. Now, for the information of all such, J will state that the alliance is of age. It is twenty-one years old, and is able to take care of itself. It had its origin in the mighty State of Texas. A few farmers in one or two of those wild, frontier counties, organized for their mutual benefit and protection, and their neighbors, seeing how they were benefitted by organization, joined with them. The organization grew and increased gradually, and at the end of nine long years, they had organizations in eleven counties. They now began to consider the propriety of'forming a State organization, which' was deemed expedient, and steps were taken in that direction. Many of the leading politicians resisted and denounced the organization. They called its members traitors, desneradoes, guerrillas, and in fact all the wicked epithets that men could heap upon others. Some even went so far as to say that they were enemies to the general government and were preparing for another war. But, with all this opposition, the organization grew and increased, and as shown by the proceedings of the Texas State alliance last year, there were organizations in 14:1 counties, with a membership of over ?><?.(100. It took that body nearly one week to transact its business. Now the farmers of other States, seeing the good of the order and the benefits to be derived from it, took hold of the work, pushed its claims and demands, exhibited its aims, objects, purposes, etc. Their fellow-farmers seeing that the intentions of the organization were for good, and feeling that we, as a class, were necessarily compelled to do something for our preservation and protection, enlisted in the cause, not one by one, but by the thousands; hence the rapidity of its growth. The foundation of the order is truth; and upon what better foundation can any society or organization be founded ? All that is needed to make it a fixture is for the members to stand firmly by the obligations they have taken ; discharge the duties devolving upon them as members ; study the principles of the order and strive to put them into practice, which I think they have resolved to do, from the will and determination as exhibited in the contest now going on to upset the jute bagging trust. Right hero I ask the question, Who of us that lias the good of our country at heart would use one yard of the jute trust bagging after the manner in which we have been treated by the jute men ? Why last fall, just on the eve of when we needed bagging, they popped the price of it up from !) to l-'R, 1-1, 1"), and at some places to 1(5 cents, and extorted from us millions of dollars ; and when we complained about it they said that was nothing to what they would do another season; that they would add ">o per cent., which would have made it cost us at least IS or 2<) cents per yard. When they met our representatives at Rirmingham, what did they do? They offered to furnish bagging, to he delivered in July at S:{ cents, in August at a slight advance, and in September a little higher, but they stopped there. Their sole aim was to upset us in adopting a substitute, keep us at their mercy and skin us worse than ever. When is most- of our cotton ginned ? Is it not during the months of October, November and December? Now, if their proposition had been accepted by our representatives what would have prevented them from carrying out their threat of last fall ? Now, brethren and fellow-farmers, let lis stand firmly by the action of our representatives. Let us not be dismayed by the reports as given us by our secular papers. Their business is to clipaud gather from all sources, and they are only responsible for their editorials. Let us take our own alliance organs, read them and be governed bv what they tell us. The editors of these (our alliance papers) have taken upon themselves the same obligations that we have done, viz.: "To speak the truth when talking to a brother." They tell us to use our own bagging, and I say let us take no jute trust in'ours. Let them use it for making rope to hang themselves with, or for any other purpose they may see tit. As I have digressed, I will now get hack to my subject. If those doubting Thomases, those who think that the existence of the alliance will be of short duration, that the farmers won't stick and can't have concert of action would only but consider the material of which the alliance is composed, the staunch men of the country?farmers who farm to make a living, aiid who heretofore have taken no important part in public affairs?are in the front ranks of the order, this should he a sufficient guarantee of its permanency. And also when the mud sills ofa superstructure begin to groan under the weight of the mighty burdens being heaped upon them and are endeavoring to throw them off, should be another evidence of its permanency. The aim of the alliance is to develop a better condition mentally, morally, socially and financially. How does the alliance propose to improve mentally, etc? The farmers arc too much isolated; they don't have enough intercourse with each* other; they don't know enough about each other and each other's interests; they go too much on the plan, "everv man for himself I i 4|.? 1. ,, rp,wi JUKI IIK* ilt'Vli liliw iihj HIIIIIL'I IIH/.-71, xiiv alliance proposes to assemble the farmers together and as it were rub their brains together. To illustrate, take two nieces of steel and rub them together. The more you rub them the brighter and more polished they become. So it is with the minds of men. The more they a e brought in contact, the more they ex> jnd and improve. So, brethren, let iv> make it a point to attend our meetings regularly, always have or bring up some subject for discussion, take part in the deliberations and debates, let the best informed relate their modes and experience, how they achieved success here and failed there. Ix't us use every means to make our meetings interesting, entertaining and instructive, and in this way we will render eoun-1 try life less lonely. We will become more j social, more contented, and there will be less inclination on the part of our farmers j to remove to town, and 1 hope we will be- j come a happier and a more prosperous ! people. How are we to improve financially, j which is considered, wrongfully by many, j as the leading feature of our organization' ? ! Some say by co-operation in buying, which I is good, but there are other things, in my i opinion, first to beconsidered. < fur modus j operandi must be changed. We must farm I to make a living, rather than farm to buy one. We must raise our own supplies at home. We must study rather how not to buy than ho. to buy. We must practice economy and stop this universal waste. We must buy with more judgment or do on less, and when necessitated to buy, buy together as an organization through our agents. We are all familiar enough with the oft-repeated saying, "in union there is strength" ; but few comprehend the immensity of its possibilities. Railroad men see its power ; trade unions understand it; the commanding general of an army understands it, and throws his solid column of soldiers against the enemy and forces his way through to victory, lie comprehends in its fulness the truthfulness of "united we stand, divided we fall." Whether in business or war, in church or in State, the success or failure of each depends upon the skillful application of this V/\?? if/iM.ttitanofSfin in nil liui-i^wmK.N .11 <wi callings is such a tremendous power, why can't the farmers unite and secure the benefits of such union, as well as anybody else? We own the land, the fields, the flocks and the cattle, the timber, the water power, the grain and the fruits, the cotton and the wool, and why then should we be menials and paupers,' and go "like dumb driven cattle" all our mortal lives? Now, brethren and fellow-farmers, let me beseech and urge upon you, that we quit acting every man for himself and the devil take the hindermost. but adopt as our motto, "Pull together, plan together, act together and succeed together." We must farm on the intensive, rather than the extensive plan. Say where we raise seven or eight bales of cotton on fifteen or twenty acres let us raise the same, or more, on half the area, and devote the surplus to oats and grasses, and spare time to making and applying manure. In short, manure more, rotate crops, cultivate better, give the same attention to our business, and look after our interests as closely as the merchant or lawyer, and my opinion is that success will crown our efforts, and in a few years the credit system, which has been our ruin, will be a thing of the past. We can place ourselves on the pinnacle of independence, properly belonging to us, and bid defiance to monopolies, trusts and combines, and wonder with amazement why we, the mudsills of the nation, allowed ourselves to be made the dupes of the moneyed few. Now, brethren and fellow-farmers, the picture that I have painted is not overdrawn. It will take time for its accomplishment. The world was not made in a day, neither was Home built in a day. No reformation or revolution was ever effected without time and indefatigable toil. So let us not grow weary in our cause, but persevere, perform our part of the task assigned and wait patiently the results. Now to the ladies I would say I am glad to know that several of you have united with us in the contest we are now making to rid ourselves of oppression and better the agricultural interests of our country. What reformation or revolution has ever succeeded without the aid of woman ? It was a woman that imbued the mind and formed the character of Moses, Israel's deliverer. It was a woman that went forth with timbrels and harps upon the banks of the Red Sea to celebrate the overthrow of Pharoah and his hosts. It was woman last at the cross and first at the sepulchre of our Saviour. It was woman that did more than any other to propagate and spread the religion of our Saviour. It a was woman, the wife of Cariolanus, when all other entreaties had failed, that saved Rome from plunder and devastation. It was a woman, Isabella, queen of Spain, that sold her jewels to tit out the voyage of Columbus, by whom America was discovered. It was our own dear women of the South, who never failed in courage or tired in acts of devotion in their efforts for the lost cause. The Greeks and Romans have proclaimed in prose and sung in poetry the fameoftheir noble mothers and daughters; but when an impartial historian shall have written the part borne by our dear mothers, wives and sisters, those of the past age and of all other countries will sink into insignificance when compared with the women of the South. It will be as comparing the feeble coruscation of the glow worm to the brilliant rays of the noonday sun. Then it is you and your aid and your encouragement we look to and hope for. There are many ways in which you can help. Why in North Carolina and severaral other States the women are among the most active members. In addition to the encouragement afforded by their presence and smiles, they give counsel and advice, and do a great deal of the correspondence. In almost every issue of the Progressive Farmer, the alliance organ of North Carolina, there are communications from the lady members, full of thought and advice, and they compare favorably with, if they do not excel those of the men. Now, ladies, help all you can, and if we will all pull together success will crown our efforts. Now to the brethren I would say that the duties of your officers are plainly defined in our constitution. On account of said duties it is of the greatest importance that they be punctual and regular in their attendance. It is equally so on the part of the members. Make it a point to arrange your business so as to attend every meeting. Give your officers, whom you have placed over you, your hearty aid and cooperation in all things pertaining to the good of our order. Be true to the grand institution you are now representing. Be ever ready to perforin every noble duty incumbent upon you. Put your shoulder to the wheel of progress and* assist in rolling it out of the mire of mortgageism. Be true to the principles of our order, whose purpose is to improve the intellectual and financial status of the farmer. Educate your children, study your occupation, diversify your crops, use economy in every department, strive to bring yourself to a cash basis and cease paying tribute to the mortgage autocrat. Try to raise upon your farm, as nearly as possible, what you consume, besides the staple necessities of life. Raise vegetables and fruits for your families and thus add to their health and enjoyment. Keep an account of receipts and expenditures, and be sure, if at all possible, to keep the receipt column the largest for cases of emergency, if you have to use the strictest economy to do so. Give your attention to these much neglected subjects and you will better your condition. I feel confident the day is not far distant when the farmers' alliance will be resting upon a foundation that the existing rings and mo nopolios can never knock me props irom under. For? "The farmers now tiro bamling Tnto one vast and mighty throng; Their forces now are blending; They tire marching grandly on. "Their war cry now is sounding On every hill and plain, Front the old Atlantic's billows To the Kooky mountains' chain. "For long, long years have noblo men Been crushed by moneyed rule. Themselves and wives kept toiling, Their children kept from school. "With energy amazing The Southrons have bent to toil, Hoping that in the coming years They would be masters of the soil. "The tyrant's grip each hour grow strong, More greedy and more proud, And placed itself as master O'er tho patient toiling crowd. "This power they felt too strong to break, If tried by single man, So the war cry was raised, 'Fall into line And form a single band.' "As by quick electric spark, The millions heard the cry, And joined the ranks, determined that In God they'd trust their all. "These men are joined in heart and hand, While noble in tbeir cause, They'll strive for freodom as one man Until justice mends the laws." Now, brethren, let us press onward and we will surely accomplish our undertaking. If we discharge our every duty incumbent on us as members of our order, we will leave foot prints upon the sands of time which cannot be erased, but will be imprinted upon the hearts of the rising generation. So let us strive to be good and true men, live honest and upright lives of peace with our fellow men, and do all in our power for the good of our order. A DAY AT A" STGNAL STATION. It is a popular mistake that life in the United States Signal service corps is very easy, if not a lazy affair. As a matter of fact, the members of the signal service corps have come to perform a multitude of duties, and in some cases the performance of duty is real hardship. There are more than one hundred signal stations in the United States. ()f these the largest are these in New York, Boston, Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati and Kansas City. These are first-class stations, and the force at each consists of six men or more, whose work is so allotted that at least one of them is on duty at all times. The interior of even a first-class signal station is not particularly attractive; a few desks, two or three huge barometers, some automatic registering instruments, a telegraph key-board and a hand press and printing outfit, constitute the conspicuous furniture. There is nothing in the place that is not necessary to the prosecution of < the work. t The instruments are small, hut they are | most important and exceedingly ingeni- 1 ous. One of them, for instance, which : works in conjunction with a whirligig on the roof, registers the velocity of the wind < the whole day long, and another registers ( the temperature. These instruments are < very delicate in construction and accurate > in performance. Electricity and clock 1 work play nosmnll part in their operation. 1 The men in the signal service come near- i est to Jacks-at-all-trades of any men in the government employ. They must he tele- 1 graph-operators in order to send and re- ; ceive messages over the wires; they must he able to set type and use a press; ] they must understand meteorology ; they i must he good mathematicians; they must he good hook-keepers. i The signal station in a great seacoast i city is at the top of a high building. The 1 officer in charge comes to the place a little 1 before eight o'clock in the morning, and ; usually remains until after eight in the evening. Every moment of his day is occupied by some routine duty, the perform- \ ance of which requires careful training. The first work of the day is to take the morning observation. This is done at : the same instant at all the signal stations in the country. The chief objects of this observation are to note the condition of : the barometer, the temperature, the dew 1 point, the relative humidity of the atmosphere, the direction and velocity of the 1 wind, and the state of the weather. This observation having been taken and verified, the chief signal officer reports to : \\7!i?liin<rfnn hv tohvrmnh and records ill his own hook the exact state of affairs in his district. This work occupies perhaps thirty minutes, and within an hour after the time set for the morning observation,? eight o'clock,?the chief station at Wash- i ington has received reports from all the stations in the service, and a summary of these reports has been sent out to all points. I Upon receiving from Washington the summary of the reports of the entire service, our signal officer prepares his weather map. His blank form is a map of the United States, about two feet long and fourteen inches wide, which shows all the i signal stations and all the principal cities of the country. 1 He does his work with pen and ink, and copies of it are then made upon an apparatus called a cyclostile. The maps show a : great number of dotted and solid lines, < which indicate the register of the barometer reduced to sea level at diferent points, and the temperature in degrees Fahren- ! licit. A press gives the finishing touches to the map. On this press is a large : metal bedplate perforated with from seventy to one hundred square holes, each of which represents the geographical position of a prominent signal station. Directed by his instructions from the chief signal officer, the operator places in each of these holes what is called a symbol type. A fine circle means clear; a circle with a heavy line -across it means fair; and there are various other marks, each of which indicates a particular condition of weather. Through each of these circular symbols is an arrow which indicates the direction of xi ?i mi. ~ 1 li.? x? ii.n ha.. LUt'WlMU. lliu Dfupmit' 111 111C |I1U?S lliiving been properly prepared, the map.sheets are placed upon it as they come from the cyolostile, and then the maps are ready to be delivered to the public. They show just what the weather was all over the United States at eight o'clock in the morning, so that one can judge from them, if he knows something of the laws of storms, what the weather is likely to be at any point within the next four and twenty hours. These maps are posted in public places and are also sent to a large number of subscribers. In accordance with instructions based upon the eight o'clock; in the morning observations, signals are displayed upon the flagstaff of tne station, which indicate what the weather is to be. The second regular observation of the day is made at eight o'clock in the evening, when reports are telegraphed all over the country, maps are prepared, and the whole routine of the morning is repeated. Each man has his allotted duty. One, perhaps, the barometer and thermometer; another consults the aneometer, which indicates the direction and pressure of the wind; another consults the instrument which determines the humidity of the atmosphere and the amount of rainfall; another officiates at the telegraph instrument, while still another prepares the map as the types are being set up and the r?vn? iij mnrlo ron/lv The chief officer supervises the work and prepares an official report of every observation. There is a great deal of clerical work in the office, because a complete record is made of every transaction. The officer in command is called upon for daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and half-yearly reports, besides which he has to make two annual reports, one for the fiscal year and the other for the calendar year. There is scarcely a quiet minute in the twenty-four hours at the signal stations of Boston or New York. The office is bombarded with questions and invaded by questioners. The labor of answering them is wholy gratuitous, but it has developed into one of the leading duties of signal men at important stations. Early in the morning the bell of the office telephone begins to tinkle. Mr. Brown, the fruit dealer of Blank street, has a carload of perishable goods consigned to Chicago, lie wants to know what the indications are regarding temperature along the route for the next two or three days, and the answer goes back to him, "There's a hot wave coining." And so Mr. Brown decides not to run the risk of shipment just yet. Or it may be winter and he is warned of snow blockades on railways in another State, and he resolves to hold his fruit until the lines are opened. Tinkle! tinkle! "Hello, hello! Is this the signal station ?" "Yes." "Mr. Scripture, superintendent of the Gospel street Sunday-school, wants to know what the probabi'litiesare for to-day, and if it will be safe to send the children to the picnic at Pine Tree Grove." Whirr! whirr! "Is that you signal? Will the rain hold up so that the races will come off at Beacon park to-day?" Mr. Chance, broker, sends a messenger to ask what the indications are in the wheat-growing region. Probably he has a speculation in view. Yachtsmen send to know if the wind is likely to favor the regatta. The agent of a coasting steamship company wants to know if it will be safe for his vessel to put to sea to-night. And .so tlio questions and answers come and go. Presently the officer in charge picks up a bundle of papers and two or three record books, and marches oft* to a court ; room, where he is required to give expert testimony. In this case, White lias sued Black for damages, and the case will turn on the question of fact whether there was or was not ice on Black's sidewalk on that , day. The officer in command of the local i signal station is summoned by Black, ] and his record proves that the tempera- . ture on the day was not low enough for ] the formation of ice. Robinson's horse ran away, smashed the , carriage and sprained Robinson's ankle. , Kobinson says that the horse was fright- j ened by smoke blowing across the street , from a tire of leaves and other debris on j Jones's lawn. The signal officer testifies . that at nine o'clock on the morning of the ] Kith of May the wind was west,?not east, as Robinson claims,?so that the smoke , must have blown in the direction of j Jones's house, and not across the street. ( On the whole, the signalmen are hard . workers, and they render a thousand ser- J vices to the public. The world is conscious , of an increasing faith in "Old Probabili- ] ties," although not a few of one's acquaintance scout at the indications published , daily by the signal service, and cry, j "Pshaw! We can tell what the weather | will be as well as Old Prob ; it is mostly guess work !" , But scepticism of this sort is born of ig- j norance of the laws of storms, or arises from the occasional failure or obscurity of the signal service reports. These reports ' are not based upon "guess work," but up- , on a series of careful observations; and " !<"" * ?<> nmnff-i '>? !iri> nil. satisfactory, it is because no definite re- , rults can, in the present state of science, , lie deducted from the observations. THE RESCUE OF ALEXANDER SELKIRK. 1 Almost every hoy or girl knows that the remarkable book, "Robinson Crusoe," was 1 suggested to Do Foe, by the adventures of 1 Alexander Selkirk; but perhaps they do 1 not know the true facts in the case of Sel- 1 kirk, which were originally given in the voyages of Captain Woodes Rogers, an i English privateersman, who went round i the world in the early part of the last century, preying upon the Spanish settlements ; and shipping in the Pacific especially. < The Pacific was then called the "Croat / South Sea," and the Spaniards were ex- j tromely jealous of any foreigners who i amo into it, particularly tlio English, lie former setting up :i claim to the proirietorship of this groat ocean hecjuise they aid first seen it, which claim wasot course ihsurd. The English, such as Dumpier and Itog rs, who niiide war upon the rich Spsinish ommorco of this sea, would now he ailed pirates (although they called themselves priv:iteers), for they did not hesitate to capture Spanish vessels and towns alien peace existed between the parent nations in Europe. Hut we must return to Alexanker Selkirk. On the last day'of January, of tlm yesir 17<>!?, Captain Woodes Rogers, of Bristol, sailed upon one of his julventurous, piratical cruises iiround the world, and, ifter many trials and perils, touched :it the Island of Juan Fernandez for water. This island had been occupied at onetime by the Spaniards, who had liberated a number of goats there, but it was supposed to have been abandoned and uninhabited for years before Rogers went there. He had very imperfect charts and still more imperfect nautical instruments to guide him, but he made a very good "landfall," iis it is called by sailors', although he had touched nowhere since lesiving Brazil on the other side of the grestt continent, two months before. This is remarkable when we consider what a mere dot on the surface of the (treat Pacific .Juan Fernandez is. Being some miles to leeward, and obliged to work "up toward" the island, milking slow progress, he dispatched an armed boat to explore the anchorage, which was at lejist twelve miles off. In the meantime Rogers' two ships, called the Duke and the Dutchess, continued to beat up against the wind, and at nightfall saw u tire. The boat also saw it, and turned back toward the ships, getting on hoard late at at night. As it wsis plain that some one was on the island, as they could he only French or Spanish, who were equally enemies, the ivucnlc liwn ' ln.ir/irl fnr ontinn Tint wlimi ? m v i viviu vu *\/i uvviwiii ms\ii n iivh they got to the anchorage, the next day there were no.signs of any vessel to ho seen. Captain Rogers sent his boat on shore with the crew well armed, and, as she was a long time gone, sent another to look for the first, as he was afraid there might be a Spanish garrison there, who had made the boat's crew prisoners. At last, however, the boats returned safely, bringing off with them "a man clothed in goatskins, who looked wilder than the first owners of them." The stranger proved to be Alexander Selkirk, a Scotchman, who had lived upon the island, entirely alone, for four years and four months, having been leftlthere by Captain Stradling, of the ship Chinquc Ports. 1 le had been sailing-master of that vessel, and had been put on shore on account of some difficulty with his commander. Dumpier, the celebrated freebooter, was serving as an officer of Captain Rogers, and recognizing Selkirk as an old.shipmate, told the captain that he was an excellent seaman. Rogers at once agreed to receive him on board, and not only that but made him an officer. It appeared that, when Selkirk had seen the ships the day before, he had judged them to be English from their rig, and accordingly had made the fire as a signal. He said he had seen vessels several times during ins long ana soiirary stay, nut oniy two luul anchored, and they were Spanish ; so that he escaped from them when .they landed. Selkirk said that if they had been Frenchmen, he would have given himself up, but that he preferred to die alone on the island, rather than be taken by the Spaniards, who would have made a slave of him in the mines, or else have put him to death, for they spared no stranger who could pilot others into those seas. On one occasion the Spanish had landed, he said, before he could make out what they were, and he had hard work to escape the shots they fired as he ran. As they pursued him into the woods, he climbed a tree and concealed himself. Ilis pursuers shot some goats quite close to Iiis place of refuge, and actually remained under the tree for some time, without discovering him. When put on shore by Captain Stradling, Selkirk had his chest of clothes and his bedding, a gun and one pound of powder and some bullets, some tobacco, a hatchet, a knife, an iron kettle, and Jiis books and navigating instruments. He was about thirty years old at the . . . time, and in full health and strength, but lm r?ii\f.iin Hiof fnr 11V IW1VI V ((|/uuu AVV/^VII1 lliut iW* months, lie had hard work to bear up against melancholy and the terror of loneliness in such a desolate place. He built himself two huts of pimento trees, thatched with grass?one to cook in, and the other to sleep and eat in. As long as his nowder lasted, he killed goats as he needed them, and got fire by means of powder. After the latter gave out, he got fire by the friction of dry wood. His only employment was in watching for sails, singing hymns and reading his Bible?which he had in his chest. He was a long time in getting used to the goats' flesh without bread or salt. There were plenty of fish to be caught, but he said that they made him sick, and he could not eat them. The only variety in food he had was the large prawns which he caught in the streams, some plum-like fruit which grew on high trees in very mountainous places, and consequently hard to get, and, in the season, turnips, which had been planted there and grew wild. lie kept an account of the number of goats he had killed?more than five hundred?and he caught many more, which he marked on the ear and lot go again. Years after, Commodore Anson, in his celebrated voyage, caught some of these marked goats, which must have lived more than thirty years. After his powder failed, he ran the goats down, so strong-winded and active had he become by exercise and simple living. Captain Kodgors says, in his narrative, that during the time the ships remained there, he caught goats for them every day. The captain sent a dog and some of his men to assist, but Selkirk tired out both dog and men, who could not come near the goats. Once, during his solitary stay, ho had a fall over a precipice, while chasing a goat, and was nearly killed. When he came to his senses he was lying upon the dead goat, and was forced to lie there a day and a night before he could crawl back to bis hut. Cats and rats which had escaped from ships which had touched there in former times, were in great numbers. The rats gnawed his feet and his goatskins as he slept, and, to be rid of the annoyance, he tamed a great number of cats, which lay about him as he slept, and so kept off the rats. To divert himself he tamed some kids ...,1 t,, .,.,,1 it I It I Uliipiit 11IVWI I" v?r", ?itn? mm tiini then would sing and dance with them. His clothes having soon gone to pieces in his chase of goats, he made clothing of the skins of the latter, and having a piece af linen in his chest, he made shirts to wear next his skin, stitching with a sharpened nail and using as thread the yarn from his dockings, lie had on the last shirt when lie was rescued. When he was first brought on hoard I'aptain ltogers's ship he had become so unused to talk with men that they could hardly understand him, "for beseemed to <peak* his words by halves." He was offered some spirits, but would not touch it, md "it was some time before he could relish our victuals," the narrative says. lie told his rescuers that, beside* the things already mentioned, there was nothing eatable upon the island, save a few abbage-palms, which he sometimes found, md broiled with a seasoning of pimento, >r allspice, which grew in plenty. There were no savage animals, and no noxious reptiles or insects. The Spaniards had a small colony upon the island long before Selkirk's time, but had afterwards abandoned it and gone hack to the mainland. It is known that at least two other persons had lived solitary lives on the island Ono was ;i lmiraneor, who was the solo survivor of a ship whioli was oast away thoro, and who lived alone for five years before a vessel happened to touch there and take him away. The other was a Mosquito Indian, who was purposely left there?what was called "marooning" in those days?and who remained for three years alone, until Dumpier found and carried him off, in 1I5S4. Selkirk finished the cruise with Captain lingers and arrived safely in England, after two or three years of adventure, lighting the Spaniards, plundering their towns, and finally crossing to the East Indies and returning hy the Cape of Good Hope. This is the narrative upon which "Robinson Crusoe" was founded; but it is an .ibsurd misnomer to call the Island of Juan Fernandez "Crusoe's Island," as is generally done. De Foe places the scene of Crusoe's sojourn on an island in the Allan'ia Ocean off the coast of Brazil, a very jreat distance from Selkirk's island, and in a different ocean.?[E. Sliippin, M. 1).