Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, March 14, 1888, Image 1
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VOL. 34. YORKYILLE, S. C.. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 143 1888. ';i'.,?: NO. 11.
detected l?iwteg.
FORGOTTEN.
We loved each other dearly
In childhood's happy day;
We twined our hands together
Amid our childi9h play;
We joyed in gleesome laughter,
Once, o'er each other's joy;
We smiled and wept together
When we were girl and boy.
Far back through many summers
My spirit roves to-night,
Amid the fairy dream and
When hopes were young and bright;
I hear thy voice resounding
.Along the sha'dy lane,
I see thy small hand beckon
Across the meadow plain.
I start! ah, 'tis a vision!
Full twenty years have past
Since o'er the scented meadow
You beckoned to me last.
?finti<mri ar? wb. and ehancine:
Onr hearts are full of pain;
No more the golden glaaness
^ Of youth may come again.
v. - Ofte hour ago I liiefc the6
Amid a merry crowd
And as you coldly passed me
My heart beat high and loud.
We once were friends together ;
We loved each other well;
And why you have forgotten
The bitter world may tell!
DARING AND SUFFERING.
A History of the Andrews Bailroad
Eaid Into Georgia in 1862.
The Most Heroic and Tragic Episode
of the Civil "War.
Embracing a Fall and Accurate Accoqnt
of the Stfcret Journey to the Heart of
the Confederacy, the Capture of a
Railway Trap, in a Confederate Camp,
the Terrible Chase That Followed, and
the Subsequent Fortunes of the Lender
and HI. Psrtr.
By WILLIAM PITTENGER,
A MEBBEB 07 TBS EXPEDITION.
[Copyrighted, 18S7, by War Publishing Co., N. Y.t
and published by arrangement with them.J
CHAPTER XI.
A DIRECT RAILROAD CHASE.
But we now had a good head of steam,
and with a joyful bound our engine, as if
refreshed from its rest, sped on again.
We had been careful to so obstruct the
track that the enemy was obliged to come
to a full halt, and thus give us time to
once more get out of sight.
We passed Tilton in safety, and the
water station, which at that time was at
a different place from the wood yard, was
soon reached. Our supply of this necessity
was low, and without it our progress
would be at once arrested. We stopped,
adjusted the pipes, told the powder story
?although from the battered appearance
of our only car, with a hole knocked in
each end, that story was no longer plausible,
but it answered for the moment and
we succeeded in getting all the water we
fc needed. Had any objection been made
we would have taken it by force, and the
assurance with which we went to work
aided in securing confidence.'-. Before the
, tank was full the pursuers came in sight,
but seeing us they ran slowly, and as a
party of our men had run back and put
some ousirucuuxis uii mc uudn, uuiui ^uu
shot, they were obliged to come to a full
stop there, thus giving us the time needed.
Then we mounted and sped on toward
Dalton.
It was advisable at once to get decisively
ahead of the pursuers before reaching
this town, which might present serious
difficulties. As there were no bridges
to burn now for a considerable distance,
the only other thing was to try once more
to tear up the track. The engine was
again in good running condition, and we
rushed rapidly forward, putting frequent
obstructions on the track?mostly by dropping
ties or sticks of firewood, but in one
or two instances by reversing the engine,
jumping out and piling up obstructions.
At a favorable place we stopped again for
a more permanent break.
' Long practice had made us skillful in
this matter, and the last two stops had
shown us that the enemy could not run
upon us without great care. So we
divided at once into four parties. Scott
and a companion cut the telegraph;
Knight carefully inspected the engine;
two or three ran back just out of gunshot,
and heaped obstructions on the
track, while the remainder worked with
might and main in taking up a rail. It
was here that a little occurrence took
place that has been much misrepresented.
A southern account, widely copied,
says that Andrews' men almost mutinied
against him at this place. The facts
are these: The writer and the men in the
box car had come to feel that there was
no need of running so long before the pursuing
train, which we could see to be a
short one, with probably not much if any
greater force than our own. Now while
no ?4- 4-v.n ~n i 1 no A/vnl,l
as uiaiij wac cvu tuu iaa ua v,uuut iiiivi
places to work?the process of lifting it
with our imperfect tools wus very slow,
requiring more than Ave minutes?I said
to Andrews: "We can capture that tram,
if you are willing."
"How!'" lie asked. I answered:
"Find a good place on a curve where
there are plenty of bushes" (as the road
had numberless curves, and ran mostly
through woods, this was easy): "then let
us put on some obstructions and hide; one
of our engineers can run ahead a mile or
two and come back after us; when the
enemy stop to clear the track we will rush
on them, and when we have captured
them our other engineer am reverse their
engine and send it in a hurry down the
. track to clear the road of any more trains
that may be following."
Andrews said, in his quiet way: "It is
a good plan. It is worth trying," and
looked around in a meditative manner as
if weighing the chances. Then the
enemy's whistle sounded: we saw them
rush up to the obstructions we had placed
on the track, stop by reversing and labor
as frantically to clear the road as we were
doing in trying to raise the rail.
* But our efforts were in vain. The stubborn
spikes still held, and as they were
ready to move on again, Andrews called
out "All aboard," and we dashed away.
That was not the place to make a light,
as we all knew, for revolvers against
shotguns and rides would have had no
chance at long range; but from an ambush
we could have been climbing into
their engine and cars before they could
pick up their guns, and the conflict would
not have been many minutes doubtful.
This was nearest we came to what a
southern account called "Open mutiny"?
a mere respectful suggestion in the line of
our work. No officer was ever more
heartily obeyed than was Andrews during
. the whole of this day, and none of us
said anything more about thig plan for
the time, partly because we felc that our
leader was better able to judge what was
to be done than we, and partly, also, I
must confess, because we thought he was
Snly waiting for the best place to turn on
ur foes, and that we would soon have all
the fighting we wanted.
The full speed of our engine was again
called into requisition as we neared Dalton,
and by the aid of a few ties dropped
on the track we were once more a respectable
distance ahead. "We needed this interval
badly, for it was by no means certain
that the switches at this point would
be properly adjusted for our immediate
passage through; and if not, serious difficulty
might arise. "We might have a
> battle with forces in front as well as in
the rear, for Dalton was the largest town
' . we had reached since leaving Marietta.
Here a road diverged to Cleveland in
Tennessee, where it connects with the
main line from Richmond to Chattanooga,
thus making a large triangle, or, as a
railroad man would say, a great Y: At
that time no telegraph wires were on this
cross road; they were not put up till 1.177.
There were also numerous side tracks,
and a probability that cars might be left
standing on some of them; and as we had
moro than made up our hour's delay at
Kingston and were now much ahead of
time, there was no certainty of the road
being rightly adjusted for us. It was
therefore necessary to stop at the opening
of the switch, which was fortunately a
little way down from the large passenger
depot, which had a shed over all the
tracks, and through which we had to
pass.
Here the coolness and adroitness of Andrews
shone out with pre-eminent luster.
It is likely that when we had spoken of
fighting a little way back, his mind was
vo+V?vritli fho r\mWom of Tincc.
VtV/UJ/iUU J.UVUVI. ?( ikU l/iiw VI. |/(ivv
ing Dalton, and of judging by what took
place there whether the enemy was
warned. The train was stopped, ho ran
forward, observed that the track was clear,
spoke to one or two bystanders, and was
back to his post in an exceedingly short
time. To one or two who had come up
even in these few seconds, he said: "I am
running this train through to Corinth, and
have no time to spare," and nodded to
~ Knight, who once more put on'the full
force of the engine?there was nothing to
be gained by care in avoiding alarm any
longer, for the distant whistle of the pursuer
was heard?and we' rushed at the depot,
which then stood right across the double
track, and passed with fearful speed under
its roof. Here Knight got his most terrible
fright. The darting into the partial
darkness of the shed was bad enough, but
just at the far end the main track bends
sharply to the left, and the swerve was so
sudden, and the speed already so high,
that Knight believed ho was rushing on
another side track, and that in a moment
would come the awful crash. But instead
the engine instantly righted, and he again
saw the track straight before him. But
so quickly had we passed that we could
not certainly determine whether the people
at the stilt ion had been warned or
not!
A mile above Dalton, which was about
i as soon as the headlong rush of the engine
could be checked, we stopped again,
I just opposite to where Col. Jesse Glenn's
regiment of conscripts were encamped in
a field. Their position, which was within
200 or 300 yards of ns, was probably not
seen until we were close to them, and it
was better to take the risk of their interference
than to lose time by seeking another
place for more pressing work. Again
the wire was cut; but it was a second too
late, for a message had been flashed
through, no doubt even as Scott was
bringing it down. The usual obstructions
were here piled on the track, and
we again essayed to take up a rail, for
the Chickamauga bridges were just above,
and we wanted time enough to get them
on fire, hoping that Fuller would stop
long enough at Dalton for the purpose of
getting his telegram ready, to allow us to
finish "the track lifting. No men ever
worked with more desperate energy, but
all in vain;-long before the rail was loose
the pursuers were' again upon us.
The race recommenced with all its
speed and fury The great tunnel was a
short distance ahead?a glorious place for
an ambush, where, in the darkness, the
guns of the enemy would be of little value.
If Andrews was disposed to fight, there
would be the place of all others to do it.
With the smoke of our train filling the
space, with our party in ambush along
the sides, success would bo comparatively
sure, if they had twice our number, for
of course wo could not tell how much of
a re-enforcement they might pick up at
Dalton. But we kept right on through
the tunnel and the village of Tunnel Hill
beyond, where wo carefully drew down to
conceul onr number from the curious eyes
of any who might be about the station.
At Calhoun Fuller had received a small
but very effective re-enforcement?only a
boy 13 years old, but worth a dozen ordinary
men?by means of one of those apparently
small circumstances which often
influence the course of great events. At
i Chattanooga the chief officers of the road
had become alarmed by receiving no dispatches
from Atlanta, or the stations below
Kingston. They therefore directed
the young assistant operator at Dalton to
jump on the passenger train just then
leaving that station and go south, sending
them back word at each station passed
till the cause of the trouble was found.
'He had only got as far as Calhoun when
Andrews passed, and Fuller iu a moment
after. The latter hardly came to a stop
before he saw the operator, and called
liim. and without a word of explanation
I seize^l his hand and dragged him on tho
; train. In the run up, however, he rnadf
i all the necessary explanations, and wrote
| out the following dispatch:
fuller's telegram.
| "To Gen. Leadbetter, commander at
Chattanooga:
"My train was captured this a. in. at
i Big Shanty, evidently by Federal soldiers
: in disguise. They are making rapidly for
I Chattanooga, possibly with the idea of
! burning thejrailroad bridges in their rear.
I If I do not capture them in the meantime,
! see that-they do not pass Chattanooga.
"William A. Fuller."
j This he gave to tho operator, saying,
| "Don't speak to anybody or lose a second
I till you put that through to Chattanooga.
Jump for the platform when I slow up,
for I must push on and keep thoso
Yankees from getting up a rail or burnI
ing the bridges."
It was terribly quick work. The opera'
tor was at home in the office, and almost
before Fuller had cleared the shed he was
' at the desk and the lirst words were over
! the wires. Whether they had time to get
I the whole message over before the cut is
j very doubtful, and not material, for the
first'two lines would answer every purpose.
Had Fuller stopped at this point,
! and himself went into the office long
enough to set the operator at work, it is
almost certain we would have had the rail
I up, and then all the bridges above that
| point would have been burned; though it
i is still possible that enough of the mesj
sage might have been pushed through to
| secure our arrest in Chattanooga. This
! was another striking instance of the
j many narrow margins on which this day
| hinged.
I As Fuller pressed on toward the great
! tunnel, even his resolute heart almost
died within him, while all his party began
to blame him for foolhardiness. He feared
to plunge into its dark depths. It was
still filled with smoke from our engine;
and he well knew that if we jumped oil at
! the far end and hurled back our locomotive
at him, it meant a horrible-death to
every one 011 his train; and he was by no
iy,o??c. thnt \vr? wniilil Tint do it. All*.
I Murpliy, who had so ably stood by him
! all the while, here counseled prudence,
I pointing out all the perils of an ambush.
J But Fuller realized as apparently no one
i else did the desperate need of pressing on
| to save the road; and lie had made so
! many escapes ;jnd been so marvelously
1 favored that a kind of fatalism took hold
j of him. He determined not to lose a
minute, no matter what the danger might
j be. It may as well be said here that no
i prudent and common sense kind of puv|
suit, such as possibly any other man
I would have employed, could have had the
j slightest chance of success. But even
j Fuller quailed as they dived into the cloud
j of smoke that hung around the entrance
j of the tunnel, and held his breath for a
i few seconds (they were still at full speed)
i till lie saw with a sigh of relief a gleam
of light ahead and knew that there was
I no other engine now in the tunnel! On
he pressed, for he knew the value of the
Chickatnauga bridges ahead as well as
we did.
CHAPTER XII.
A 15 U i; X I X G C A K.
But for tlie wetness of the day all his
i efforts even yet would have been foiled.
We now did what had been in the mintl
of Andrews, doubtless, for some time
past?what lie might have tried even at
the Oostenaula bridge had not the interval
between that and Calhoun been so
fearfully short. lie ordered us to lire
our last ear while we were running. It
was said easily, but was much harder to
do. Everything about the ear was as wet
as it well could be. The rain fell in torrents,
and the wood was drenched in the
tender. It was by 110 small effort and
skillful ljring that the engine lire could
be kept at the heat required for fast running.
But desperate lingers tore everything
combustible loose front, the ear, and
smashed it into kindling. Some blazing i
; fagots were stolen from the engine and |
i the lire made to burn. The rapid mo- I
; tion with driving .rain was an obstacle at i
! first, but as wc fed up the blaze and shel- |
L tered it as well as possible, it grew rap- j
i idly, till soon but one could stay on the
; car and watch it, and all the others
crowded on the tender and locomotive.
' The steam was now gradually shut off
i that we might come slowly upon the
i bridge and be able to leave the burning
car just at the right place. We came to
a full stop at tiiis first Chickamauga
bridge, a large one, and well covered. Inside
it was at least drier than on the outside,
and we doubted not that with time
it would burn well. The only question
was: "win tnac nmc ue given.- - v>u
added almost the last of our oil and nearly
the last stick of wood?knowing that a
wood station was not far ahead, and if
i this bridge could be made to burn well,
i wc could have all the time we wanted to
i get wood and everything else. In fact, we
put life itself on this last throw, and left
ourselves, in case of failuro, hopelessly I
bankrupt. For a considerable time, as it
seemed to us, though it must have Itfccii '
measured by seconds rather than minutes, j
we remained on the other side of the fire
I KINDLING A FIRE IN THE BOX CAR. I
witching. Then the inexorable smoke of i
ll tho foe was seen; the pin connecting the |
burning car with our engine was pulleil :
out and we slowly moved on. Too clearly !
we saw the ruin of all our hopes! To wait j
the coining of our foes was vain. They !
were now near at hand, and we could see i
their guns, with which they would be able |
to fight us at long range. The car which, i
if the day had been dry, would long before i
this have filled the bridge with a mass of
roaring llamc, was burning faster than 1
the bridge. To take it to another bridge j
was useless, for the drenching rain would I
have given it little chance to burn away j
from the shelter of the bridge. Very
sadly we left the tall column of smoke i
behind. The pursuers saw the car, and 1
realizing how serious their loss would be |
if it was permitted to consume the bridge, !
they pushed right into the smoke and I
shoved the burning car on to Ringgold, !
but a short distance ahead, where it w;as J
left to smoke and sputter in the rain on j
the side track.
V.'e were now on what proved to be our J
last run. I have often been asked if this I
day was not one of great fear and terror j
on the part of those who were engaged in !
the race. For my own part, I cannot I
honestly lay claim to any greater fear |
than I had often felt in ordinary military ;
service. No matter what happened, there
was the assurance that we still had one j
resource?the power to turn around and :
attack the pursuing foe. From the be- J
ginning, such a conflict had been present j
to my mind as a matter of course. Be- i
fore leaving camp, this had been reckoned j
a natural consequence of our position. It I
had been frequently talked of among the
men, and not one of them seelned to re- j"
gard it with any more dread than an ordinary
battle. We had been careful to
select large revolvers for use, and not for j
show, and when we found the enemy
gaining upon us, or our leader's plans for !
their destruction failing, we only felt or !
said that our time to strike would soon
come. We did not have the boastful feeling
that we were an overmatch for a
large body of southern soldiers, for we all |
knew how desperately they could and ;
often did fight; but of the ordinary citi- j
zens gathered up, as we persumed our j
pursuers were, or even of conscripts, we j
had no great fear. That we had not our
accustomed arms was a serious disadvantage,
but this could be remedied by getting
into close quarters; and we trusted
that our leader, who had shown such
wonderful skill in management, would be
able to put us within short range of the
pursuing train, where we felt sure that j
we could quickly give a good account of it. i
Probably the fact of Andrews having
never been in battle, but always engaged
in schemes where his own cool daring and
sagacious planning counted for everything,
and mere force for nothing, made him
hesitate to order an attack which would
throw aside all these qualities and determine
the issue by simple fighting. A time
was near when we would firmly have disputed
our leader's command if there had
been an officer of any authority among us
who could have been substituted for him;
but not until Andrews himself had definitely
abandoned his authority.
Many times the question has been
asked: "Why did you not reverse your
engine, and, jumping off, let it drive back
at the enemy?" What good could that
hn.TR done? If their on cine and our own
had been destroyed, as was very probable, j
together with a considerable number of
lives, we would only have been where we
were before we captured the engine at all, |
except that the whole country would have
been aroused and our disguise thrown off. '
The second train would have been on the j
ground in a few minutes and the power of
pursuit would have been undiminished, j
"We had no wish to sacrifice our own on- |
ginc until the last effort possible had been j
made. To merely destroy had no charm
for us, when that destruction could j
neither promote our escape nor serve a
military purpose.
CHAPTER XIII.
TIIE LAST HOPE.
We crouched down as well as we could
in the tender while passing Ringgold, that
the enemy might not sec our number, and
when beyond the town we arose and
looked about us. The country was mostly j
wooded and rough, being much cut up by
the branches of the swollen Cliickamauga
creek. We had no fuel, though we might
have taken on a few water soaked fence j
rails and broken them to burn; but what j
would have been the use? Every com- i
bustible scrap was carefully gathered up
and thrown into the engine. Worst <
symptom of all, a large pair of saddle i
bags, which we had never seen Andrews
without from the time of the midnight
conference, together with his cap and j
some other pieces of clothing that lie did i
not need for immediate use, were Hung remorselessly
into the furnace. Various
papers went along. These were probably }
documents that lie Reared would compromise
himself or others in case of capture, j
Such preparations were indeed ominous.
But his next command?the last lie ever
gave to us as a party?was more dreadful
still, and for the first time that day there I
shot a pang of mortal terror to my heart.
Not the crash of the engine down an embankment,
nor the coming i?f another
train of the enemy from the north, shutting
us between two tires, would have j
caused such a sense of despair and hopeless
misery to steal over me. This was
the order which, as intimated before, our
nan v. had they been properly organized,
would not have obeyed.
For our situation was still far from des- j
]>erate. Aside from the en pi lire of the :
pursuing train, wliieli would now have !
been very dinieiill from the fact that we
had neither fuel for rapid running, nor
the obstructions on board that were necessary
to place us far enough ahead for
an ambuscade, there was another plan to j
winch our leader was virtually pledged, j
which presented every prospect of saving |
our own lives, though it was now too late j
to accomplish our original purpose. We !
were some live miles beyond Ringgold, j
within a mile of < Jruysville, or nineteen !
miles by the longest railroad course front
Chattanooga. From that city westward j
to Bridgeport was twenty-eight miles fur- i
ther. But the nearest way to Bridgeport
was not through Chattanooga, but further
south, and by that route it was not distant
more Hum thirty-Jive or forty miles.
The direct course was at right angles with
llio numerous mountain ranges, wliicli
here run almost north and south, a route
over which cavalry could not bo used, and
which was known to more than one of
our party. Two comrades had pocket
compasses which would havo guided
us in thick woods or in cloudy
weather by day or night. Now to
have left our train in a body, and without
delaying to seek concealment, to have
struck over the streams and mountains at
right angles, as rapidly as wo could go,
would have been our most hopeful course.
Long before night of the next day wo
would have been safe within Mitchel's
lines. Why not? How could the enemy
have captured us? If they sent cavalry,
these would necessarily have mado long
circuits and have been obliged to adhere
to the lines of the road, and thus could
not have come near us while clinging to
the valleys anil the mountain sides. Even
in thick woods they could not have overtaken
us. If they followed us with a
strong party on foot, we fleeing for our
lives, would not have deserved to escape if
we could not have held our distance for
forty miles or more. If they-had ridden
ahead and raised the whole country for a
general man hunt, they would have had
onlv twentv-four hours or less to organize
it, and no small party then could have
arrested twenty armed men. In fine, this
plan of escape through a mountainous
and densely wooded country did not appear
to me to be more dangerous than u
cavalry dash on the lines of the enemy's
communications?an every day military
affair. Even if Mitchel did not prove to
be in the neighborhood of Bridgeport
when wc arrived, wo would then have
been in the loyal mountainous district,
where we would have met as many friends
as foes. All that we needed in the way
of provisions and guides our force would
have enabled us to command, and even
guns and ammunition could readily have
been gathered on our way.
But <>.11 these advantages depended on
our keeping together under one head. An
army scattered and disorganized is lost;
and our little army was no exception.
The fatal command which Andrews now
gave as wc were huddled together in the
wood box of the tender was to jump off,
one by one, scatter in the woods, and each
man strive to make his own way back to
the Union army! "We hesitated, but had
no concert of action, no leader, no time
for council, and the instinct of obedience
was still strong upon us; but it was a
fatal order, and led directly to the calamities
that followed. It transformed us in
a moment from a formidable body of
picked soldiers, ready to light to death,
into a scattered mass of fugitive boys, bewildered
and hopeless in an enemy's
country.
Yet no one of us felt like censuring our
leader for this order, which every one at
the moment believed to be a terrible mis
take. Probably lie thought that each man
of the party would find relief in being
cast entirely on his own resources.
It must further be remembered, in explanation
of this mistaken order, that
Andrews had slept none the night before,
that he had been nearly twenty-four hours
without food, and that he had spent
nearly two days and a night in the most
exhausting labors, both mental and physical,
that it is possible to conceive. Ho
had seen his cherished plans, when on the
brink of success, overthrown by what
seemed the remorseless hand of destiny.
To the many failures and sorrows of his
past life had been added the crowning
misfortune of this defeat. Perhaps under
his calm brow he realized this with an
intensity of anguish, and felt that the
greatest favor he could do those he had
led within sight of a horrible death, and
into the presence of an enraged and
triumphant foe, was to separate them at
once from his own dark and shadowed
destiny. If so, that was the most fearful
mistake of all; and as this order was
given, we could almost, as we looked
southward through the driving rain and
the storm clouds, behold already the dark
outline of the Atlanta scaffolds!
V
LEAVING THE LOCOMOTIVE.
It was pitiful. The General had served
Us well ever since the morning hour in
fearful speed and patient waiting, in exulting
raptures and in almost despair. It
was hard to abandon her now. She was
substantially uninjured. The engineers,
Brown and Knight, had taken good care
of her, and with wood and oil in abundance,
there would have been no difficulty
on her part in completing the run to
Runtsvillc. She was still jogging along
at the rate of eight or ten miles an hour,
and could maintain that pace a little
longer. The pursuers had also diminished
their speed, so as to just keep us in
sight, having apparently no wish to press
upon what may nave seemed to them like
a wounded and dying lion. The command
to "jump oil and scatter" was repeated
with the injunction to be quick about it,
as the engineer wished to reverse the engine
and drive it back upon the enemy.
With such a reason there could be no
more hesitation. It is said that some
three or four had already got off at the
first word of command, but the most of
us had hesitated, not on account of the
still rapid motion of the train, but in the
idle hope that in some way this terrible
parting might be averted. Now ono
after another clambered down on the step
and swung off. 1 was neither among the
first nor the last, and jumping unskillftilly
out from the step, instead of forward,
whirled over and over on hands and
feet for several revolutions. Rising in a
dazed condition, though unhurt, with the
exception of a few scratches from the
briers with which the place abounded, I
looked over the Unimated scene with the
deepest interest. The men who jumped
oil were, according to instructions, flying
indifferent directions, a few others were
just coming off the engine in much the
same way that I had done, while the engineers
were attempting to carry out their
scheme of reversing the engine, which
could do uo good now, except possibly to
delay the inevitable pursuit a little, and
give us a better opportunity to organize
our plans. The brakes of the tender were
put on still more to diminish speed, and
the reversal was made. Here is a slight
conflict of authority. The pursuers say
that the brakes were not loosed a train:
but our engineers are equally positive
that they were. It is not material, for
the result is the same. The steam power
was so low, that though the engine moved
back it was with moderate velocity, and
I saw the pursuers reverse also, and
coming to a full stop, whistle two or three
times as it approached?a seeming whistle
of alarm, though there was little in the
approach of our poor General to fear; and
then they moved slowly before it for a
short distance till the two were in contact,
when the weaker stopped and the steam
was shut off. The great railroad chase
was over.
CHAPTER XIV.
TIIK CAPTURE OF THE It AIDERS.
The last stage in this remarkable enterprise
may be . more briefly described.
The raiders, wearied, hungry and without
guides and ignorant of the country, and
with 110 means of directing their course,
were in a most unfavorable position for
attempting their escape. It was probably
a little after noon when the locomutivo
was abandoned. Two trains of pursuers
were at hand, and these soon exchanged
the cliasc by rail for a hunt in the woods.
Yet they did not rely so much on what
they could personally ?lo in the way of
pursuit, as in rousing t he whole country,
and in sending out searching parties from
every village and along every road. Swift
riders were dispatched in every direction
to spread the alarm. Telegraph stations
ahead were reached and messages flushed
over the wires, which gave, often with a
good deal of exaggeration, the outlines of
tlie occurrences of the day, and summoned
loyal ('onlrdcratcs to put forth
j MARK TOOD. K. Y. HAWKINB.
4. fftQLSOX. 4. A. PORTER. D. A. DORKKY.
r S.?TEW of TnE^KSCAPEU RAIDERS.
their utmost efforts to prevent the escapo
i of tbo fugitives. Such appeals were not
in vain. Within twenty-four hours, in
i spite of the storm that was raging, all the
country between the scene of the chase
and the Union lines was strongly nnd
; vigilantly guarded, and every means em|
ployed to prevent any fugitive from lurk,
in the woods or passing northward,
j Yet the writer has always believed that
tif the sky had
been clear so as to
render traveling
by the sun and
the stars possible
for the first day
and night, he and
probably many
others would have
alarming of the
country took
time; and it was
practicable to
have traveled
swiftly ahead of
the pursuit clear
WILUAM PITTESGKH. J? lta .Fcd '
, lines. Iii the
afternoon and stormy night, by
incessant journeying, I succeeded in
getting far away from the abandoned
train; so that when at midday
I was captured near Lafayette, Ga., I was
more than twenty miles distant in a
straight line, which represented over
double that distance of devious flight.
This would have carried me almost out of
danger if it had been in a northwest direction?but
unfortunately it was southwest!
I was confined for one day at Lafayette,
and then sent under strong guard
to Chattanooga, expecting immediate
death.
Aly companions fared no better. "Without
food, dreading an enemy at every
house and on every road, and with no
means of directing their footsteps, they
wandered around for longer or shorter
periods of time, and were at length all
captured. Andrews, with all his marvellous
skill, was not more fortunate in eluding
pursuit than others. No resistance
was offered, for in each case the capture
was made by overwhelming force. With1
in a week all but two were secured.
These owed their comparative fortune to
the fact that they started in an eastern
direction, and were therefore less closely
followed. Falling in with some Union
sympathizers, they received valuable aid
and information; and afterward securing a
boat, floated down a small tributary to
the Tennessee river, and then directly past
Chattanooga and Bridgeport. vThey supposed
t&einsrtvtti at length*"to 1)6 out of
danger, and learning that Gen. Mitchel's
forces were in Stevenson, they entered
boldly, only to find that he had fallen
| back and that they were in the midst of
gray coated soldiers! They tried to extri;
cate themselves in vain, were arrested,
j detected in their disguise and sent back to
Chattanooga, where they found all the
other members of the ill-fated band.
Even the two who had been accidently
left behind at Marietta on the morning of
the chase, were discovered and brought to
the common gathering place at Chattanooga.
Our prospect here was most
gloomy and desperate. Captured within
the enemy's lines, without uniforms or
regular arms, we had every reason to anticipate
the severest treatment. Yet
nearly two months intervened before any
mow was scrucK?a ueiay causea prooauiy
by the reference of tho whole case to Richmond
and 6ome apprehension of Federal
retaliation.
CHAPTER XV.
AN AWFUL TRAGEDY AND A DARING ESCAPE.
'
It was at Knoxville in cast Tennessee
i that the soldiers were first arraigned for
; trial. Previously, the leader, Andrews,
, had been tried at Chattanooga but no dej
cision had been rendered. Little time was
1 needed for the proceedings of the court, as
: the raiders did not deny belonging to the
Union army, and having entered the
enemies lines with hostile purpose. On
! this was based the charge of being spies.
In the case of the leader there was added
: the charge of disloyalty to the Con'
federacy, as he had professed to be a friend
of their cause, and to be engaged in their
service. Each raider was tried separately,
and only one of them each day was
brought before the court mnrtial. There
seemed no reason for these very deliberate
proceedings, but some of the raiders had
afterward reason to be exceedingly grateful
for the delay in their own case which
i was thus occasioned. "When only seven
| of the number had been tried, a sudden
advance of the Union forces broke up the
court and caused a hasty transfer of the
, whole party?those who had been, as well
i as those who had not been tried to At
lanta., Ga. No verdict had been communicated
to the men who had been court
, martialed. In a few days, however, the
sentence of immediate execution arrived
! for them. Andrews had been separated
; from his comrades and put to death a
week earlier. The seven soldiers met
their death with a heroic fortitude
which excited the admiration and regret
I even of their enemies! No event of the
| war made a more profound impression
upon the people of Atlanta, where all
these events are still vividly remembered.
In the hurry and confusion of great
military events the fourteen survivors
seem for n time to have been forgotten.
But" in October of the same year we became
convinced that nnother court mari
tial was about to assemble to adjudge our
! case. We l.?d no reason to hope for a difI
ferent verdict from that already given;
and we resolved to strike boldly for our
freedom, preferring death even in hopeless
fight to quietly waiting for the executioner.
Accordingly, when the jailor
brought our food in the afternoon, he wns
seized and held silent while the keys were
wrested from him and the doors unlocked
before an alarm could be given. There
were seven fully armed sentinels 011 duty.
Five of these were secured at the lirst
rush and their muskets wrested from their
j grasp; but the other two lied through the
prison gate and gave the alarm! Greater
[ success than this was scarcely possible in
; the attack of unarmed prisoners upon
vigilant guards. But a strong reserve just
outside of the gate was almost immediately
on the scene of action, and the strife
became too unequal to be longer maintained.
Nothing but tlight in the clear
sunlight toward the woods, a mile away,
remained. There was a wild chase, rapid
bring, and for a time the belief prevailed
that a number of the raiders had been
killed. This was not the case; but six
were retaken and led buck to the prison
front which they had broken out with
such high hopes a little while before?the
writer among this unfortunate number,
j That some should have been recaptured
is not to be wondered at; the marvel is
that any escaped; and the marvel grows
when their fortune is followed further.
They traveled in couples, concealing tliemj.selves
during the day and making what
; progress they could during the night.
They suffered greatly from hunger and
| from the cold that soon came on. Two of
them went westward, and finally, obtaining
possession of a boat, drifted down the
| Tennessee river till they arrived at the
I Union lines, nearly six weeks after break;
ing out of prison. Two others went northI
ward through Tennessee to Kentucky,
and still another two followed ilio sami
general route, but kept further to tin
eastward; the four reaching the Fedora
posts nfter having endured great suffer
! ings in the mountains.
The lust two entered upon a longer bu
more speedy course. Starting southwes
they reached the banks of the Chatta
hooche river, where they purloined a boa
untl were soon gliding placidly toward tin
gnlf of Mexico. They were in consider
able peril from the rapids near Colnmbus
Ga., and were obliged to abandon tbeii
skiff and make a difficult detour to pas;
this obstacle; but seizing another boa
below the rapid3 they ran on, with man}
notable adventures, till they at lengti
reached Appalachicolu bay, where the;
rowed boldly out to sea and wtro picket
up by the Federal blockading squadron
They made the whole journey in less thai
a month from setting out, and were thu;
able to carry the lirst definite news t<
w asiimgiou 01 uie lonunes ul mi; ciuti
prise in which they had been engaged.
We who had been recaptured went bacl
to our prison with heavy hearts, believing
that ffte sentence against which we lin<
striven would now fall upon us. But ou
anticipations were not realized. We wer
strictly guarded in Atlanta, first in tin
city prison, and afterward in the bar
racks, for two months, and then for
warded to Richmond. We were not evei
yet recognized as prisoners of war, ant
were always made to feel that we were ii
especial danger; but no further cour
martial was convened for us. At Rich
mond we were sent at first to the sam<
prison as other captive Federal troopsthe
celebrated Libby?but were soon re
moved to Castle Thunder, where we re
mained for the winter. The Federal sec
retary of war, Edwin M. Stanton, wa:
deeply interested in our expedition afte
he had learned the particulars of it fron
those who had escaped, and he dircctei
that efforts should be made to induce th<
Confederates to consent to our exchange
In this lie was finally successful, tliougl
we were not to be exchanged as prisoner
of war, but to be included in a specin
arrangement made for sonic IJOO citizen:
and fugitives on each side against whon
there were charges more or less grave.
WILLIAM BENSIXGKR. WILLIAM REDDICK.
ROBERT DCFFVM.
, JACOB PARROTT. E. II. MASON.
GROUP OF EXCHANGED PRISONERS.
On the 18th of March, 1803, the ex
change was effected, and with feeling:
that cannot he described the writerrnn<
his live companions returned to enjoy t hi
sweets of safety and freedom. Sea reel i
able to realize their good fortune, the;
journeyed by truce boat from City Point"
Va., to Washington, where they were- ro
ceived by President Lincoln anil othe:
high officials with every mark of honor
So ended our experiences of daring nni
! suffering in connection with the grea
Andrews railroad raid into Georgia.
[THE END.]
SENTIMENTAL AND COMIC SONGS.
An i n teresti ng fact about successfu
songs may be nofod, and that is, onl^
sentimental song make any money
Humorous songs become very popu
lar. They are applauded in the the
atre when a favorite singer siug
them, and are laughed at unrestrain
edly, but very few of the audienci
ever think of buying copies of them
This is Deculiarlv true of that des
cription ofthehumorousditty knowi
as the topical song. It may be ex
plained that this is a song in whicl
the material of the-different verses i
arranged to give point to a signifi
cant phrase which invariably form
the last line of the verse. The per
formance practically amounts to pig
gling with language, the effect com
ing from the, humorous and unex
pected illustration which can be ad
duced of the idea embodied in th<
adopted phrase.
Given on the stage by an exper
singer, who enforces the points of th<
verses by appropriate action and fa
cial expression, these songs are verj
effective. Sung in the parlor by ar
ordinary vocalist and without theef
feet which comes from the assembly
of a large number of people, these
songs almost invariably fall fiat. Ir
consequence they are very seldorr
sung there, and the music publisher:
who give them to the world find the
world ungrateful, much to the pub
lisher's pecuniary grief. On the oth
er hand, a sentimental song may be
sung in the home circle by an inex
perienced singer with very fair effect
Somehow or other the underlying
sentiment survives the most outra
geous treatment. It has better stay
ing qualities than humor has. The
melodies are simple, the thought ex
pressed find a welcome among al
classes of people, and the sheet mush
finds its way to thousands of pianc
racks throughout the land; and se
the publisher becomes happy anc
affluent.
The Laws of Heredity.?^
certain man had, during his entire
lifetime, gratified?his every passion
and died with an oath on his lip;
and a scorn of decency in his heart
He left three sons. In spite of theii
mother's prayers and tears, each sor
followed his father's blighting ex
ample. Like their father, at ne
period in their lives did they eve:
show the slightest desire to reform
So reckless were they that not om
of the three lived to be twenty-fiv<
j years old. Two of the brothers diec
1 unmarried. The third had a gooi
| wife, but did not live to see his son
j who was born a month or two aftei
his death.
Every care was taken to surround
this child with good influences. lit
knew nothing of the dissipation o
his grandfather, father and father''
brothers. They were dead. His
mother never spoke of them.
As a lad he was brutal and vicious
in the extreme. "I don't want to b(
good!" was his favorite expression
if taken to task for a boyish misdeed
Before he was 12 years old he had
run away from home eight times, tc
associate with children of the gutter,
He is now 21. He is a drunkard
| a thief?for he stole jewelry from his
mother to pawn?and adissolute rep!
robate.
He declares that if he knew of any
vice into which he has not plunged
he would straightway test it. He
has broken his mother's heart. With
the utmost complacency he is watching
her die of grief for hisdepravity.
Nothing affects him. He is as indifferent
to punishment as he is to
tenderness. If he lives ten years
longer, he will reach the gallows.?
Ph iIctdelph ia News.
aST It is mind, soul and heartnot
taste or art?that, make men
great.
I piscctlamemisi fading.
For the Yorkrvilie Enquirer.
I REMINISCENCES. (0? WESTERN YORK.
About as far back as the writer can
t remember, Clark' & Co. kept a store
0 at Hopewell, near Howell's Ferry.
They kept a good stock of goods and
' had generally alively company about
3 them "feastingotf leisure." The late
t William Beard was clerk, if not part
j owner, in the firm also. There was a
j man by the name of Broadneck who
j used to help those * who congregated
1 at the store to $&joy themselves.
. The members of the firm and their
i clerks were Tenaesseeans. They
3 hauled bacon from Tennessee to
3 supply their demand. ,
Next to Hickofy Grdve this was
, another of Western York's public
v i ti
T pmut's. 11 wits an tiecviuu previuct. ;
l At Dp. Wright's? rfop?well postoffice'
v was kept. This, by the way, was one
e of the oldest postoffices in the county,
0 though its location has been changed
- several times. I cannot remember
- that it was ever kept in the store
1 house. It was first at Dr. Wright's;
1 then at J. M. Smarr's, its present
1 location. Since the war it was re1
established at the Gordon Moore
place; thence taken back to its presl
ent situation, where J. M. Smarr,
" Esq., assumed the duties of post]
master, and since his death it has
. been conducted by his widow, Mrs.
3 M. E. Smarr, an efficient officer and
r an excellent lady,
i Between Gordon Moore's place and
1 Dr. Wright's was the muster ground,
a Here a small company of militia.
would meet and drill every three
1 months. The battalion drill ground
? was on the road above Blairsville,
\ near the present Blairsville post
d office. The regimental drill ground,
1 aslhavealreadysaid, wasat "Smith's
_i j fl-u m ? iun
oiu neiu," near me resilience ui me
late N. P. Kennedy. I do not know
the number of the regiment, but it
was made up of the north and south
battalions of Western York. Occasionally
the regiment would parade
at Yorkville. This, I think,
was generally when the Governor
was to review the troops. The north
battalion drilled at "Galloway's old
field," near King's Mountain battle
ground. These two battalions included
all the militia in Western
York. The eastern portion of the
county constituted another regiment.
The two regiments would generally
meet at Yorkville and the Governor
would review them. A portion of
the town of Yorkville was iucluded
in thesouth battalion, I think. I remember
the contest between Capt.
J. Felix Walker and Col. W. II.
I McCorkle for major of the south bat!
talion. Walker was elected. The
next contest between them was for
the colonelcy of the regiment. Both
of these elections were hotly contested?only
such a contest as the "Nation
hoosiers" gloried in. This last
contest was in 1854. I do not suppose
3 Western York ever witnessed such a
l spirited campaign as this?certainly
3 not of a military character. Whisky
; was freely used. At the "Brier
r Patch" Joe Bolin was treating for
, Col. McCorkle. He would call out:
- "All McCtirkle's friendfc come' Hp
r and take a dTink." The "Nation"
and "Blue Water" were almost solid
! for McCorkle. The south battalion
stuck to Walker. Both these candidates
retained their positions, in the
estimation of the people until the
breaking out of the civil war, when
each took a company into the Confederate
service. Col. McCorkle com'
manded Co. A, 12th S. C. Regiment,
? and Major Walker Co. F, 18th S. C.
Regiment. Of these companies we
" have pleasant recollections \yhich we
" propose to incorporate in these "rem3
iniscences."
Col. McCorkle survived the war,
3 and has been identified with the ma
terial welfare and prosperty of York
" county ever since. Capt. Walker
1 was killed at Second Manassas. His
" company was made up principally
1 in Uniorf county, where he was rais9
ed. Capt. McCorkle's company was
" made up principally from York
3 county, with a few men from North
" Pacolet, in Union county. No State
" or county in the Confederacy gave a
" better command to the service than
his. We have followed its history
from Bay Point, S. C., November
B 7th, 1S01, to Lee's surrender, at Appomattox,
April 9th, 1865, and have
1 ground for this assertion. These with |
3 the other men of Western York be
longing to other commands, shall ocf
cupy a prominent place in these
1 "reminiscences."
In no partisan spirit we claim that
r the troops of York county were sec!
ond to none in the service. It was
1 principally the York troops that re1
ceived the fatal blast at the renown3
ed "Crater;" when many of them
3 were hurled instantly into eternity,
or buried, perhaps alive, beneath the
" debris, while their comrades, stag3
gering from the shock, rallied and
- coirorl tho f'nnfprlprni?v.
Besides matters of a military na>
ture, York county has experienced
" many warm political contests be"
tween different strong and influen;
tial men. A long listof them might
be produced, notably Hon. I. 1).
' Witherspoon, Col. It. G. McCaw and
3 Col. \V. B. Wilson. The last fierce
) political contest was between Col.
3 McCaw and Col. Wilson, for the
1 Senate, in 18G0. Not a stone was
left unturned by either party that
promised strength to their respecl
ive candidates. The writer was
3 too young to know anything about
, the contest except the actors in it.
5 A considerable fortune was spent
. on the issue. Col. McCaw was
r elected. It was such contests as
l these that put the "Nation," "Blue
- Water," "Sandy Branch" and the
) "Coaling Ground" on their mettle,
r These "hoosiers," many of them bare
. footed and in their shirt sleeves,
3 would meet at Hickory Grove on
3 these occasions, and when some can1
didate's friend would diffuse a little
1 "solid comfort" among them, then
, look out for squalls,
r The "'lection" was a great place j
and time with "Bid" Satulling. He
1 and Joe Childershad a fight at Hick3
ory Grove in 1856. Joe got the best
f of it. "Did"fcvas York's renowned
3 walker. I have heard men say he
3 could walk 50 miles in 10 hours, and
they would have bet on it. He was
3 a small man, weighing little, if any3
thing over 100 pounds. Bill Black,
well, whose poetical genius has been
. referred to in these reminiscences,
I was "Bid's" brother-in-law. Bill
) had a better grade of sense than goes
. to make up a'common "wag." He
, had a more commanding address
i than George Cobb had, and he could
more easily "take in" parties unacquainted
with him. At the beginr
ning of the war he volunteered in
, McKissick's cavalry company from
i Union.
i The day the company left Union
for Camp Hampton, below Columhia
their ramn of instruction, the
citizens of Goshen Hill gave the comi
pany a fine dinner. The writer was
i in the same company. Some time
after we settled down on the coast,
Bill got on the sick list. lie couldn't
eat the rations; everything was
wrong with him. One day, in company
with some of the men from
one of the lower counties, Bill put in
his complaints about the rough living
in camp ; that all the men would
die if such treatment was not changed,
&c. The writer came walking
along leisurely toward the group
who were in sympathy with Bill.
(Bill wa3 aware that the writer knew
his pedigree). He said: "I had the
best dinner at Goshen Hill the day
we left Union, I have had sinqe we
left home," (about that time lie cast
his eyes around, and knowing what
would follow, continued his sentence)
"Yes ; and for a long time before I
left." Had a bombshell burst in
their midst they could not have been
more astonished than at this unexpected
collapse of Bill's aristocrat^
airs: K
On a certain occasion Dr. Alexa?
der White was surrounded by a
crowd of ruffians at Hickory Grove,
who would perhaps have mobbed
him. He was no man to fear men.
He stepped back a pace or two and,
drew a spear and defied the crowd to
"pitch in." This unexpected and
dauntless move of.the Doctor paralyzed
the crowd, who agreed to let
him alone. Many such scenes could
be related of these times, but too
many of them would be wearisome.
One time I was told that J. D.
Smarr, Esq., called upon a renter for
the rent of his place between Hickory
Grove and Hopewell. The rent
was to be paid in money. The renter
didn't have enough money to settle
the debt, or perhaps had none at
all. Mr. Smarr agreed to take a note
for the amount, which the renter
told him to keep until it wore out.
and then come back and he would
give him another. j. l. s.
A TRIBUTE TO MOTHERS.
It has been beautifully said of a
mother that "she is the morning and
evening star of life. The life in her
eye is always the first to rise, and
generaally the last to set upon the
cnecquereu nie or man." ane wieias
a power more decisive far than syllogism
in argument or courts of last
appeal in authority. Next to omnipotence
hers is the strongest moral
influence known upon earth. She
has been called "the Divinity of Infancy."
She can shower around her
the most genial of all influences and
from the time when she first laps
her little one in Elysium by clasping
it to her bosom, "its first paradise,"
to the moment when that child is
independent of her aid, her smile,
her word, her wish is an inspiring
force. A sentence of encouragement
or praise from her is a jdy for a day.
A mother's look, a mother's smile,
01 a mother's word may seem to be
a small and insignificant thing. But
more mature reflection will bring it
to a very different conclusion. We
might ask the one who may be
tempted to attach but little importance
to the influence of the mother,
is it a little thing to fashion an immortal
spirit after a heavenly model?
Is it a little thing to develop infant
powers and bring to light all
that seems hidden in the soul?to
train the ear by sweet sounds and
the eye by lovely colors? Is it a
little thing to teach the use of language
and form what is emphatically
called our mother tongue? Is it
a little thing to notice Ihe first ar
ticulate utterance, or rather create
and call them forth? Is it a little
thing to receive from God an immorful
hoi a r* in o ctofo nf nAnotro on/1
l?tl 1L* ** vyi U\-rnc*fe^ i*cx*
helplessness, and stamp on its young
spirit the love of the noble, the
heavenly, the pure? All this power
belongs to the mother, and all this
influence the mother may wield, if
recognizing her dependence on God,
the fountain of all holy influences,
she takes his will to guide her and
leans upon his gracious power to
strengthen and sustain her. It is
the godly mother?the mother whose
heart is illuminated with heavenly
light and quickened and sanctified
by the Holy Spirit?that can offer
the simple, tender, touching prayer
which the youngest can comprehend,
and can seize upon the happy moment
for implanting truth. She,
and she only, can time all and rule
all by that scepter of genuine, heartfelt
love. A little boy when asked
what made home pleasant and beautiful,
and why one house was not as
much a home as another, remarked,
pointing to his mother, "Because she
is here!"
"True, living, consistent piety is
the mother's brightest ornament,
her truest glory, her noblest support,
and her richest treasure. Her life
should be a calm, holy, beautiful
walk from the hearthstone to the
altar fire; from the bosom of her
family to the throne of God.
It has been the testimony of good
men in all ages that they owe chiefly
to their mothers the best inspiration
of their lives. "I had rather
I possess my mother's picture," once
"wrote the poet Cowper, "than the
richest jewel in the British Crown."
The venerable John Quincy Adams
once said, "It is due to gratitude and
nature that I should acknowledge
and avow that, such as I have been,
whatever it was, and such as I am,
whatever it is, and such as I hope to
be in all futurity, must be ascribed,
under Providence, to the precepts
and example of my mother."
Sweetly and truly has the poet
suug:
"The sounds that fall on mortal ear,
As dew-drops pure at even,
That soothe the breast or start the tear,
Are Mother, Home and Heaven !"
Bringing up Children Rationally.?It
is as natural to a
child to he happy as it is to a fish to
swim. But for this they need a certain
amount of "letting alone." It
is a great mistake for parents to
hamper their children with fooli9h
restrictions. We pity the little B's,
our next-door neighbor's children,
from the bottom of our heart. There
isa picket fence in front of the house,
and they are scarcely allowed to go
near it, lest they should climb and
hurt themseves. They cannot cli.mb
a tree lor the same reason. They may
not skate or swim, or have a gun. The
consequence of this training is that
their parents have made cowards of
them all, with the exception of little
Bessie, who is the most daring little
mischief that ever wore a sun-bon
net, and she has learned to be deceitful
and plays all her mad pranks
well out of sight of her parents' eyes.
We caught her the other day walking
the railing of a bridge that crossed
the track of a railroad a hundred
feet below. The railing was not a
foot wide, and she triumphantly told
us that she had walked it while the
train was passing under. It was
enough to make one shudder.
Don't faucy your boy is made of
glass. Grant a reasonable request,
and let him feel that when you refuse,
it is for his own good. Between
the Jellybys and the Gradgrinds of
life, children have a hard time of it.
The youngest child needs some sort
of agreeable occupation, and a certain
amount of physical freedom. There
is nothing more painful to young
people than to feel that life is one
dull routine, and that "nothing ever
happens," as we once heard a disconsolate
lad remark.
BsaT We all have our secret sins; and
if we knew ourselves we should not
judge each other harshly. i
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