Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, August 27, 1885, Image 1

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i lewis m. grist, proprietor, j ^it Jnitcptnktif Jantilg ^ttfcospajjcr: Jbr Ijjt |promotioir of ffjc political, Social, Agricultural anb Commcrtial Jfoftrtsfs of i|t Soutjj. |terms?$2.50 a year, in advance. "VOL. 31. YORKVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, AUGUST 27, 1885. ISTO. 35. ihe ftotg ieUct. j THE" CONJURER'S BRIDE. Professor George Sholbaeh was a magician. He was not a commonplace conjurer with blocks and balls and canes and trick tables. He appeared before his audience with no ; stage trappings of any kind, and borrowing rings and handkerchiefs, he amused the audience with really wonderful feats. The second part of his entertainment consisted i of "mind reading," and it was with that he ' most astonished and confounded the minds of the Western and Southern people among whom he oerformed. He had a circuit of towns, in each of which he appeared at regular intervals. He never went off his beaten track, and yet he always had crowded houses, for at each reappearance he announced some startling new illusion, which proved to be more astonishing than any preceding one. Some of his tricks he imported from foreign countries ; quite as many were of his own invention. His personal Appearance was of some assistance to him, for he looked like a magician. His hair was jet black, long and wavy. His complexion * was pale and bloodless. His forehead was low, and under his sharply marked black brows burned a pair of coal-black eyes, brilliant as diamonds and restless as flame. In Montrose he was a great favorite. He had given his entertainments there a number of times, and was admired much by the townspeople. He had never, however, made any friends among them. He was courteous to those who addressed him, but he repelled all attempts at intimacy. Among those who constantly attended his entertainments was Irene Washburne, the daughter of the only editor in the place. She was only nineteen years of age and was remarkably handsome. Her dark brown eyes and hair, coupled with a complexion in which the blood came and went like waves on a summer sea, her rosy lips and milk-white teeth were the loadstones that attracted many of the village beaux to her father's house. She was a very intelligent girl, but was given to too much reading of the sombre tales of Poe and the weird fancies of Shelley. Night after night she sat in the town hall when Sholbach was giving his performances, chained by a strange fascination which she could not explain. She shuddered with horror when the magician's keen, restless eye lighted upon her, and when she found him gazing at her with a strangely steady, burning look, as he often did, she wanted to cry out with horror, but could not. After each entertainment she vowed that she would never again visit the hall when the professor was there, but when his bills appeared in the town she found herself irresistibly moved to go and see him. This had been the state of matters for some time, when suddenly Sholbach threw off his reserve and began to make friends in 3I6ntrose. Twice, after performing in the town, he invited several young men to his rooms at the hotel, and there opened bottles of wine and served them with cigars until they vowed that he was a royal good fellow. At last he asked one of them, a great friend of Editor Washburne's, to introduce him to the newspaper man. The introduction was performed and Sholbach made such a pleasant impression on the editor that the latter invitea the magician to visit his house when acain in town. When Sholbach next performed in Mont- j rose the editor gave a little reception to him j after the entertainment. Once in the house of Washburne, Sholbach appeared to have eyes only for Irene. He devoted himself to her, and attended to all her wants with a grave and tender courtesy that could not fail to make an impression on her. But the impression was not such as the magician wanted. While he fascinated her, he filled her with horror. He reminded her of a snake. "Why do you shrink from me?" he asked her. "Do I shrink from you?" she asked timidly. She was afraid to acknowelede it; she would not have dared to acknowledge anything that might offend him, for her mind was completely subservient to his. He could have mesmerized her without a perceptible effort, had he desired to do soi "Yes, you do shrink from me," he said gravely. They were alone on the piazza, where the cold moonlight lent an additional keenness iffov nuoc IU VllC IVi kjiiviwwvn u vj vc? "I?I?am sorry," she said, trying to drop her eyes, but finding them irresistibly fastened to his. "Do you know," he continued, "that I perform in this town oftener than in any other?" "Is that so ?" "Yes. And why do you suppose I do it?" "I do not know." She did know. She knew what he was going to say, and she would have given her ^ life to stop him ; but she was powerless. "I love you," he whispered in a hoarse voice. She shuddered and clasped her hands. "Why do you not answer me?" he said bending closely to her. "I tell you I love you." "I know it," she said in a faint murmur. She could not move hand or foot. "Then, why do you not answer me?" he asked. She was silent. "You love me, then. This silence comes from your shyness. I might have known it." And leaning forward he clasped her in his arms and kissed her lins. The charm was broken. With a long, quivering shriek, she broke from his arms and rushed madly into the parlor among the startled guests. Sholbach followed her, but she fled to her father for protection. "Take him away !" she cried. "Take him away! He will kill me with his icy eyes?those serpent's eyes. Take him away!" The next morniDg Sholbach had disappeared from the town, after announcing that he would never return, and Irene lay in a fever. * * * A year had passed away and Irene had long ago recovered her accustomed health * and spirits. Sholbach, true to his promise, had never come back to Montrose. In the meantime, John Manners, a stalwart young physician, whose ability was unquestioned, and whose physical beauty was the envy of "" every young man in the town, had found the way to Irene's heart. She loved and was loved in return, and it had been arranged that they should be married at her uncle's magnificent mansion in St. Louis, in the fall. The days rolled on, and a week before the day appointed for the wedding Irene and her parents, together with her loverand his parents, went to the city. The first thing which met Irene's eyes, when she arrived in St. Louis, wasabilfannouncing that Professor George Sholbach would exhibit his wonderful illusions for one week at a certain hall. The bill stated ^ that the magician would introduce his new feat of cutting off a man's head and restoring it to its place again without hurting the man. Irene shuddered and turned pale when she saw this bill. Her lover noticed this, and, on being told the cause, laughed. "My darling," he said, "you ought to be cured of that trouble by this time. Hemember that in a few days you will have a husband to protect you. I know your horror is only temporary. 1 shouldn't be LmiTii-inofi 5f \*r?n acL-orl mp tn take vnu to I see him in a few days." Was it prophetic? The desire to see Sholbach's performances again grew upon Irene. The simple knowledge that she was in the same city with him had a strange fascination for her. She struggled against her growing desire to see Sholbach but found herself unable to conquer it. At length, in ? sheer desperation, she asked he lover one evening to take her to see the magician, lie laughed heartily. "I knew you were cured of your strange averson for him. There's nothing like a light heart and a good digestion to remove unpleasant fancies." Accordingly, they went in the evening to the hall and secured seats near the stage. When Sholbach's eyes fell upon them he started as if he had been shot. He fixed a burning glance upon them, and in a moment understood their position ; for Irene clung to John for protection. Then Sholbach bowed slightly and smiled reassuringly. From that time until near the close of the entertainment he appeared to take no notice of them. The usual tricks had been perlormed and he began his concluding feat. A man was summoned from among the audience to go upon the stage. Then he removed his collar and necktie and coat. Then Sholback appeared with a large knife and suddenly siezing the man plunged it into his throat. The man screamed and struggled. The blood poured from the wound. The audience, convinced as they were that the man was a confederate, were silent with horror. Scholbach whirled the knife around with a quick movement and then held up the man's head. A murmur of horror ran J * *? - is mi? j.. inrougn me uuuieuce. j.ue uuuy wn? jcmovea and the professor treated the audience to a three minute lecture. He was interrupted by the appearance at the other end of the hall of the man who had been decapitated, alive and smiling. The audience heaved a sigh of relief and then awarded the successful magician a round of applause. "You may think," said Sholbach, "that the man who has just been on the stage was a confederate. Now, in order to convince you that he was not, I desire any gentleman who has the courage to come upon the stage and I will repeat the experiment." As he said this Sholbach looked at John Manners. The powerful young physician suddenly felt an irresistible desire to go upon the platform. He arose as if to start. "John, you are not going!" exclaimed Irene in a tone of terror. "Yes," he replied, laughing; "I want to find out how it was done." "Let me go with you ?" And without waiting for his answer she followed him. "This is hardly the sort of exhibiton for a lady to look upon at close quarters," said Sholbach. "You had better sit behind this screen until it is over." "No! no!" said a voice from the house. "Let the lady see how you do it if she can." Sholbach bowed and gave Irene a chair on the side of the stage, opposite to Manners. As he went off to get the knife he i i- i?*?4. r ? paused ior a single lnsiaut m nuui ui nci and glared into her eyes. "Don't you move or speak," he whispered. Poor girl! She could not have stirred if her life depended upon it. Cold beads of perspiration broke out on her brow and shivering chills ran down her spine. But she was voiceless and nerveless. Sholbach had brought the full power of his will to bear on her and she was completely mesmerized. When the conjurer stood before Manners he gazed intently into his eyes. The young physician, strong as he was, felt himself grow weak before that look. He endeavored to speak, but Sholbach frowned, and the words seemed to freeze in his throat. The conjurer did not take his eyes off the physician while he spoke to the audience. "This man is very powerful," he said, "and I must allow him time to control his nerves before I begin, or he might do me some injury." Then for a time he was silent. The audience waited and watched the three silent figures. At length, without taking his eyes from Manners, Sholback said: "It is time." Then with a sudden expression of frightful ferocity he plunged the knife into the throat of the man before him. The head fell forward and the hands gripped the side of the chair convulsively for a moment; then John Manners was as still as if he were dead. Sholback asked some of the men in the front row whether they could see that the knife had really been plunged in the man's throat. They said there was no doubt of it. "As the hour is late," said Sholbach, "I will not prolong this exhibition. I put this screen in front of this man so. Now in two minutes you will see him enter that door." Xo one had noticed Irene while Sholbach was performing his teat, but it was now seen that she had fainted. Two or three persons made a movement to go to her assistance, but Sholbach stopped them with a wave of the hand. "I can bring her out of the faint in a moment" he said. Then lifting her as easily as if she had been a child he carried her off the stage. The audience waited until the two minutes had expired. Then they began to look for the reappearance of Manners from the front of the stage. But no one came. There was a deathly silence in the house, and the stage remained empty. Three, four, five, ten minutes passed, and neither the physician nor the conjurer appeared. "There's something wrong here," exclaimed a man sitting in the front row. So saying he sprang upon the stage and overthrew the screen behind which the magician had hidden Manners. A horrible sight was exposed. The young physician sat still in the chair with the knife in this throat, the blood trickling slowly down his bresist, dead. A dozen men rushed forward to examine. There was no doubt about it: a murder had been committed calmly and boldly, in the presr\T\r?e\ s\f U'l tnoccnc CUUC \Jl 1/111 Ut UUUV.UV.Vt T? 1 I I1VOOVC7* The building was searched before and behind the scenes. Then it was found that both the conjurer and the young woman had disappeared. The police were informed, an alarm was sent out; the news was telegraphed all over the country, but to no purpose. George Sholbach and his victim were never seen again. It is said that in Germany a conjurer is traveling about and giving remarkable second sight performances, his assistant being a beautiful pale woman, who shudders continually, and whose eyes are always fixed in a glassy stare, but who never makes a mistake in answering his questions. No one, however, has been able to identify the two as George Shol back and Irene Wash burn.? IP../. Henderson in Jnter-Ueeun. A Remakkabe Tomb.?One of the most remarkable tombs of the ancients was that carved out ot rock, by order of Darius for the reception of his own remains, and which exists to this day at Persepolis, after a duration of twenty-three centuries. The portice is supported by twenty-four columns twenty feet in height, and in the center is the form of a doorway, seemingly the entrance to the interior, but it is solid ; the entablature is of chaste design. Above the portico there is what may be termed au ark, supported by two rows of figures, about the size of life, bearing it on their uplifted hands, and at each angle, a griftin? an ornament which is very frequent at Persepolis. On this stake stands the king, with a bent bow in his hand, worshiping the sun, the image of which is seen above the altar that stands before him, while above his head hovers his feroueher, or disembodied spirit. This is a good genius that in Persian and Ninevite sculpture accompanies the king when performing any important act. On each side of the ark are nine niches, each containing a statue in basrelief. No other portion of the tomb was intended to be seen, excepting the sculptured front, and we must therefore conclude that the entrance was kept secret, and that the avenues were by subterranean passages so constructed that none but the privileged could find the way. We are told by Theophrastus that Parius was buried in a coffin of Egyptian alabaster; also that the early Persians preserved the bodies of their dead in honey or wax. ?a?- Never ridicule sacred things or what others may esteem as such, however absurd they may appear to you. fjtote;s on foreign Ignite. SKETCHES OF TRAVEL IN SCOTLAND! BY REV. R. JiATHAN. [Written for the Yorkville Enquirer.] In going from the railway station at Stirling to the Castle, the street, or streets perhaps I had better say, lead in a west or north-west direction, through the new cemetery. The streets are not, by any means, beautiful. They are narrow, dirty and up a steep hill. In some places the streetway is dug down and has the general appearance of a railroad cut. On the north of this valley is the rock on which the Castle stands, and on the south there is a high rock called the Ladies' Rock. The distance between them is about three-quarters of a mile. The valley which intervenes is not half so wide and was used during the reign of the Stuarts, as a tilting ground. On the high rock the ladies of the Court sat and watched the tournaments. From this circumstance the rock was given the name, "Ladies' Rock," which name it still retains. A grand view is obtained from the Ladies' Rock, of the ancient royal gardens, of the King's park, of Bannockburn, and of Gillies' Hill. At what time the valley between Ladies' Rock and the Castle was converted into a cemetery, I do not know, but it is of comparative recent date. In this new cemetery there are a number of memorial monuments. The most attractive is the "Monument to the Virgin Martyrs." This consists of a granite pedestal, on which are seated a lady in the bloom of fresh womanhood, and a young girl with an exquisitely sweet face. At their feet and to the right a lamb, with its head turned toward the martyrs, is lying resting. To their right and a little behind is an angelic form, standing with the right 1 -1 1 -1 U -- ;i? r*ZAr\ 4*V* r\ Iftff Vionrl I I1HL1U SUSptMlUfcJU Uy IIS S1UC, Hie itiv iKiiiu placed on the top of its head, its wings are folded and its eyes are fixed on the martyrs in its front. The whole is covered with a glass-globe or shade, such as is used in covering flowers. This monument to the Virgin Martyrs displays wonderful artistic skill. The marble is made to speak, and although the individual who gazes upon it may not be able to decipher its language, he is conscious that it repeats a saa story. The angelic form which stands viewing the scene with grief, was executed in Rome. The other sculpturing was designed by Handyside Richie, of Edinburgh. On the marble die of the pedestal there are several emblematical designs, none of which I was able, for want of time, to interpret, and all of which I have forgotten except one. That appears to be the astronomical sign of the earth between what resembles the letter m and one prong of the letter n. Below this emblematical design is the following inscription: MARGARET, Virgin Martyr of the Ocean wave, with her likeminded Sister, AGNES. Love many waters cannot quench. God saves His chaste impearled one in Covenant true. 0 Scotia's daughters! earnest scan the page, And prize this tlower of grace, blood-bought for you. PSALM IX.-XIX Margaret and Agnes were the daughters of a well-to-do farmer by the name of Gilbert Wilson of Wigtonshire in the southwest of Scotland. Such being the case the monument of the Virgin Martyrs in Stirling is designed to commemorate the devotion of Margaret and Agnes Wilson to Christ's crown and covenant. The particular event which it is designed to commemorate occurred on the 11th of May, 1G85, a few months more than two hundred years ago. James the Second, and last of the Stuarts, was at that time king of Great Britain. He was by education a papist and "Armed with persecution the sacred code Of law bedashed thoughtless to the ground." His progenitor, James the First, was a strapge medley of contadictions. The one ii>V>inVi coomc tnirpn nn<;s;pssinn IUC<V niliVIl OVV.IMO WU 4<MT V ^vwwvw. ^-of his mind was the divine right of kings. His descendants imbibed the same foolish and wicked notion, and they attempted to do with the sword what James undertook to effect by pedantic arguments. James the Second was a persecutor in the proper sense of that word. He attempted to rob his subjects of their birth right?the right to worship God in accordance with the dictates of an enlightened conscience. Every body was required to conform?that is worship God as James and his minions prescribed. His predecessor, Charles the Second, was a persecutor. The period embracing the reigns of Charles the Second and James the Second is known as The Killing Time. Gilbert Wilson and his wife conformed to the prelacy, but their children, Margaret and Agnes, refused to conform. Both were young, but they were forced to seek shelter from the persecutors in the bogs and caves and hills of their native land during the reign of Charles the Second. When, however, James, the Second succeeded to the throne there was at first an apparent abatement of persecution. Such being the case, Margaret and Agnes Wilson ventured to go to Wigton to see Margaret Maelauchlan, a relative, at that time in prison. The two girls were betrayed by one Patrick Stuart into the hands of the authorities by whom they were thrust in a place called the Thieves'-hole. From this disreputable place they were afterward removed to the prison in which Margaret Maelauchlan was confined. Margaret Maelauchlan was a widow and about sixty-three years old. The only thing objectionable to Margaret Maclanchlan was that she was devoutly pious and refused "to conform" and take the bundle of wicked oaths proposed by the popish party. The three?Margaret Maclauchlan, sixtythree years old, Margaret Wilson, eighteen years old, and her sister Agnes, thirteen years old?were indicted for rebellion at Bothwell Bridge and Airds-moss, and for attending field preaching. They were tried, I found guilty and condemned to be "tied to stakes within the flood-mark of the water of Blendnoch near Wigton, and then drowned." The battle of Bothwell bridge was fought in 1671). At that time Margaret Wilson was about twelve years old and her sister Agnes about seven. That those two sisters took part in the affair at Bothwell Bridge scarcely comes within the range of the possible. Gilbert Wilson ransomed his daughter Agnes, the price paid being one hundred pounds sterling, or near five hundred dollars. Margaret Maclauchlan and Margaret Wilson were taken within the flood tide and there tied to a stake. Margaret Maclauchlan was taken in a considerable distance farther than Margaret Wilson. The result was she was drowned first. The friends of Margaret Wilson made every possible effort to induce her to say, "God save tne iving" aim to uiKe urn uojunmon oath. When nearly dead she was taken up and when able to speak asked again to take the abjuration oath. .She positively refused and the monsters plunged her down in the water again and she died. While the tide was rising Margaret Wilson read'over the eighth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, sung the twenty-fifth Psalm, beginning with the words: "My sins and faults of youth l/o thou, O Lord, forget: After thy mercy think on me. And for thy goodness great." After this she engaged in prayer and while praying "the water of Blendnock" swept over her tender body and released hor enirit, from it>j olnv tpncmpnt. West of the Ladies' Rock, a short distance, is the statue of James Kenwick, the last of the Covenanters, who was put to death because of his devotion to the crownrights of Jesus Christ and his opposition to the usurpation of James the Second, or as he was called in Scotland James the Seventh. James ltenwick was put to death in the city of Edinburgh on the 17th of February, 1G88. He was scarcely twenty six years old and had been preaching about five years. James Renwick and the long list of Scotch martyrs held and advocated political doc trines which developed on the west side of the Atlantic into the great North American Republic. A number of the Renwicks, relations of the martyr, came to America. Two of them preached the gospel in what is now Newberry county, South Carolina, and many of their descendants are there still. North of the "Monument to the Virgin Martyrs" is the statue of Rev. Ebenezer Erskine, who together with William Wilson, Alexander Moncrief, and James Fisher founded the secession church of Scotland. Ebenezer Erskine was born at Dryburgh on the 22d of June, 1680 and died atStirling ou the 2d of June, 1754?wanting but twenty days of being seventy-four years old. In 1G93 he entered the university of EdinTurin 1ftQ7 rrrorlnQfori of thp UUI^ll tlUU J11 UUUV., Airtsi ^iuuuMWM i.v ?..v early age of seventeen. On the 11th of February, 1703, he was licensed to preach the gospel and was ordained and settled as pastor of the parish of Portmoak on the 22nd of September of the same year. After laboring in Portmoak for twenty-eight years he received and accepted a call from the High Church in Stirling. He was installed over his new charge on the Gth of September, 1731. In the High Church he continued to preach until 1780, when he and all who joined with him in opposing the notorious corruptions of the Church of Scotland were thrust out. In the same year, the people of his charge built for him a church on St. John's street. In this church he was preaching when he died and under it he was buried. The church was afterwards moved back from the street a short distance, but the slab which marks the spot where his dust reposes still remains. One other person was buried beside him, and near by, I suppose just at the edge of the church building, several members of Mr. Erskine's family are buried. The monument in the new cemetery consists of a Scotch granite pedestal, on which is a life-sized statue. On the die of the pedestal is engraved EBEX. ERSKIXE, and nothing more, but this is enough. The sermons of Eben. Erskine have been published, both in Great Britain and America and by various denominations. They were published a few years ago by an Episcopal Board of Publication. In the new cemetery there are statues of John Knox, Andrew Melville, Alexander Henderson and James Guthrie, one of the ministers of Stir ling who, in 1601, suffered martyrdom at Edinburgh. In that quarter of the new cemetery nearest the Castle, there is what is called, The Star Pyramid, or Salem Rock. It is a strong stone structure of six or eight sides, fifteen or twenty feet in diameter and perhaps twenty-five feet high. On each side are engraved Scripture texts and beautiful symbolical designs. The intent of this monument is to commemorate the doctrines of the Bible. It is a monument erected to the Bible. This, together with the statues to Knox, Melville, Henderson and Guthrie, and also the marble sculptured group, the Virgin Martyrs, was erected by William Drummond. This individual was a passionate admirer of the Martyred Covenanters, and he not only erected monuments to their memory, but befriended their descendants. He died in 1868, leaving five thousand dollars, the interest of which is to be used in keeping in repair the new cemetery. f The Buoyant Power of Water.? According to an exchange, the human body weighs a pound in the water, and a chair will carry two grown persons?that is, it will keep the head above water, which is all that is necessary when it is a question of life or death. One finger placed on a stool or chair, or a small box, or a piece of board, will easily keep the head above water, while the two feet and the other hand may be used us paddles to propel toward the shore. It is not necessary to know how to swim to be able to keep from drowning in this way. A little experience of the buoyant power of water, and faith in it, is all that is required. We have seen a small boy, who could not swim a stroke, propel himself back and forth across a deep, wide pond by means of a board that would not sustain five pounds' weight. Children and all others should have practice in the sustaining power of water. In nine cases out of ten the knowledge that what will sustain a pound weight is all that is necessary to keep one's head above the water, will serve better in emergencies than the greatest expertness as a swimmer. A person unfamiliar with the buoyant power will naturally try to climb on top of the floating object on which he tries to save himself. If it is large enough that is all right. But it is generally not large enough to keep them all entirely above water. This often happens when pleasure boats capsize. All immediately want to get out Of the water on top 01 rne overiurneu ui half-filled boat, and all are drowned except those wham the wrecked craft will wholly bear up. If they would simply trust the water to sustain ninety-nine hundredths of their bodies, and thedisabled boat the other hundredth, they might all be saved under most circumstances. An overturned or half-filled wooden boat will sustain more people than it will carry. It would keep the heads above water of as many people as could get their hand on the gunwale. These are simple facts, easily learned, and may some day save your life. Tiik Mounted Police.?The Northwest Mounted Police, who are now being brought into prominence by Kiel's rebellion, have a central station at Fort Ellice, at the junction of the Assiniboine and the Qu'Appelle, which commands a fine view of the Assjniboine Valley, two miles in width and fringed with willows and small timber. Heretofore they have devoted themselves to inspiring terror in the minds of the native Indians and half-breeds, in which they have been very successful. Riel's partial successes before his final surrender dispelled this native belief in the superiority of the Mounted Police, and the latter will now have to hustle to keep themselves alive. It costs the Canadian government about ?350,000 a year to maintain this police force. The buffalo having been driven off, other game hninrr ripetrnvprl nt times these sruardiansof *'W*"b CD the peace have suffered considerable inconvenience in attending to the wants of the inner man, and have had recourse to horseflesh. Gig dogs, as they were formerly called, are valued at from $2.50 to $5, but when used for food the govefnment is informed that the value of a horse belonging to Chief Yellow Sky, killed and eaten by Mounted Police, is $65. The captain of the squad pockets the difference. Ahaircutin this country costs $1, except when it is done by the Indians, who charge nothing for the service, being satisfied with the hair. The police shoot an Indian when at target practice and then charge the government $2 for burying him and $4 for digging the grave. An industrious policeman can thus make quite a neat sum by the end of the week if the game is plenty. There is more profit in only wounding the Indian, however, for then the officer takes him home and charges the government $10 a week for his board. Egyptian Architecture.?The Egyptians, whose architecture, otherwise so richly developed, was chiefly restricted to the interior, made excessive use of painting and coilanaglyphics to enliven dead masses of exterior walls. The Assyrians needed sculpture revetment and painted stucco to support and hide the weakness of their masonry, and its incapacity for architectural treatment within and without. Merely decorative art thus gained an undue supremacy in both countries. Among the Persians, on the other hand, architecture attained its full rights by important and harmonious advances, while decorative sculpture and painting withdrew to their proper subordinate positions. 4?" A grateful beast will stand upon record against those that, in their prosperity, forgot their friends, that to their loss or hazard stood by and succored them in their adversity. fpsfellaiwflttis |Uaditt0. A VIOLENT SOUTH CAROLINIAN. In the course of a debate in the House in May, 18.30, on the fortification bill, Mr. Cambreling, of New York, speaking of the prevailing bloated condition of affairs, declared that "the whole nation was now one common gambling house." The next day Mr. Pickens, of South Carolina mounted the rostrum and in a speech of great ability, abounding in historical allusions and "odorous" comparisons, alluded to Mr. Cambreling's remark, and inquired "Who made it so?" Then he charged the administration with the responsibility oi an tne 111s wun which the country was afflicted. "Sycophancy and servility," he said, have taken the place of all the heroic and manly virtues. The rooks, together with obscene birds have perched themselves in the high places of the land, and we sit here beneath surrounded daily with their filth and corruption. Office holders (now become miserable dependents) and office seekers infest every turn and corner; and let it be known that any man has influence, from his being the tool of those who have patronage to confer, and he is' overwhelmed with the bowing and cringing of these slaves and beggars. Crowds of miserable, hungry beings creep and crawl, in the darkness of midnight, through the hidden recesses and gloomy avenues that lead up to the throne of royal favor. These creatures, generated as they are in despotism, are pervading the country and becoming more loathsome than the creeping: lice or shiny frogs of Egypt ever were in the days of God's judgments. This, sir, is the reform with which we are blessed." Farther on he declared that "this is the reign of Cfesar," and although he knew of no one with the fine talents and acquirements of Mark Anthony, he thought we had "many with his profligracy and abandoned principles." For Lepidus he pointed to R. M. Johnson, of Kentucky, for Octavius to Martin Van Buren, the Vice President "and chosen favorite of him who has trampled upon the liberties of his country." This, it must be admitted, was rather strong language for a man who was elected to Congress as the supporter of the administration. But those South Carolinians always were a queer people and ready to boil over at a moment's notice, as they did at King's Mountain, and Ninety-Six, and the Eutaws. For there is in South Carolina yet, "for all that is come and gone," a great deal of the fiery old blood of Touraine and La Vendee, that, in the days of the Froude under the great Conde and the brave Coligny, waged such an internecine war against the church and crown. Add to these a fair proportion of the descendants of the old Scotch covenanters and a sprinkling of Highlanders in the hill country, to say nothing of the Anglo-Americans pure and simple, and we can easily perceive what an explosive mixture is produced. The nitroglycerine thus evolved generated old Moultrie, Sumter, Marion and Campbell-, Hagen, the rescuer of Lafayette, Wade Hampton, Wigfall and the rest. As a people they have been full of intellect, full of culture 1 r..ii _r /3-Li ?11 o..mnfnmc UUU illli U1 llglll Ull J11C11IUU11U1JI ojlupiuiiia of insanity. When a stranger in Columbia during the war inquired ot Mr. Pettigrew the way to the lunatic asylum, he directed him to the State House, where the Legislature was in session, with the remark: "They are all as mad as March hares there, every devil of them."?Ben. Perley Poore. "Judge Lynch."?The origin of this term has been variously accounted for. Some say that in the early days of Virginia it became the practice in the western part, now the Piedmont districts, to refer all legal controversies to the foremost men in those Earts. One of these, by the name of Lynch, ecame quite celebrated for the good judgment and justice which he showed in these unauthorized judicial functions, and was known as Judge Lynch. His name was easily transferable to the methods he had adopted. Others claim that Mr. Lynch, the founder of Lynchburg, Va., is answerable for the name, though in just what manner the authoritiesdo not state. Another derivation comes from one Lynch who was sent to the American waters to suppress piracy, and he is thought to have had authority from the home government to punish summarily these rovers of the high seas without any formal legal trial. Still othersstate that its origin is due to James Fitzstephen Lynch, the mayor of Gal way, Ireland, in 14911. This man traded largely in Spain. On one occasion he sent his son thither to purchase a cargo of wine. The young Irishman managed to get rid of the money with which he had been entrusted. He ran in debt for the cargo to a Spaniard, whose son fn n/?on?nnon it Kim fn UI 1JC[)IICW IYU3 LU ?I.V.UItipuuj uuvn >v Ireland for the money due on the wine. The young scapegrace caused the Spaniard to be thrown overboard to conceal his own defalcation. Great honor was paid the successful young merchant. The old saying that murder will out proved true in his case. A sailor upon his dying bed confessed the crime. The young man was tried before his own father, convicted and sentenced to be hanged. The family and friendsdetermined to prevent the execution if possible. The father, like the old ltoman Brutus, determined that his son's life should pay the penalty of his crime, and seeing that he could not carry out the sentence in the usual way tried an expedient. He took his son up a winding stairs to a window overlooking the publicstreet and with his own hands fastened the rope about his son's neck to a :.i fkn moll Qnrl hlmQolf antpfi jld PYP 3UipiC III UIC H (411 j UUVA ?.?w%vv. ?? cutioner.?Cleveland Plaindealer. Color Blindness.?Color blindness, like other defects of vision, affects people in different degrees of intensity, and like myopia, or short sight, it is frequently hereditary. It often becomes more pronounced in after life, or when the near point of vision begins to recede. Among the more highly educated of all nationalties the average number of color blind is 4 per cent., an average in excess of that of all other classes. A man may have a good eye for form and outline, and yet be partially or wholly blind. To select an instance from among many is difficult, but one impresses more than than the rest?that of Wyatt, the sculptor, who at the outset of his career was known as a remarkably good draughtsman. lie naturally took to painting, but, as his pictures were observed to present curious incongruities of color, that involved him in grievous difficulties, he with much reluctance was obliged to abandon the brush for the chisel. He was altogether unable to comprehend the nature! of his defect?indeed, refused to oeiieve mat he was color blind. 80 of men who have attained to eminence in the world of letters, and whose writings betray evidences of a meagre color vocabulary. A striking example of this occurred in the person of Angus B. Reach. He was unable to recognize a difference in color between the leaf, the flower, and the fruit of plants and trees. His want of perception of color was wholly unknown to and unrecognized by himself, until we sat together at the table of a Paris restaurant. He, wishing to finish his letter to the Chronicle newspaper, requested the waiter to bring him some ink. As it often happens, under similar circumstances, the ink was brought in a wineglass. Reach became absorbed in his subject, while I, seated opposite to him, observed him alternately dipping his pen into his claret glass and into the ink glass. I frequently checked him, but presently to my surprise he took up the ink glass and was about to drink, when I remonstrated, and he then said he could see no difference between the color of the ink and the wine. On subsequently testing him I discovered that he was completely color blind. Homer certainly labored under a physical defect of vision, and this fully explains the limited use of the terms he employed to express his sense of color, and to which Mr. Gladstone has drawn attention.?Journal of Science. The Cat.?In Egypt the cat was treated with great honor. \V e have the authority of Herodotus for the fact that when a cat died in an Egyptian home the members of : the bereaved family shaved off their eyebrows, and that of Diodorus for the touching statement that although Egyptians have been known to eat their fellow creatures during famines, no instance of cat eating was ever heard of. If an Egyptian happened to find a dead cat, says the Sicilian historian, he was careful not to approach it closely for fear of being suspected of its murder. Standing at a distance he made the sad loss known by cries of distress. During conflagrations, according to Herodotus, the Egyptian spectators allowed the flames to rage unchecked, devoting their attention to saving the cats belonging to the burning I U/Mtn/vn A Dnmnn ^onr\Qnflfl nna rlo \7 tr? IIUU^COi ivuuiau nap^uvu vuv v?uj w kill a cat by accident. The melancholy event took place at a time when the Egyptian government was very anxious to conciliate Rome. But in spite of the exertions of the king and his ministers the mob broke \ into the. Roman's dwelling and intention-1 ally did to him what he accidentally did to the cat. Of this act of popular vengeance Diodorus says he was a witness. According to Lenormant the cat does not appear on the Egyptian sculptures earlier than the twelfth dynasty (2020 B. C.,) and therefore its domestication is due to the inhabitants of the Upper Nile. That process, remarks Iiehn, must have taken a long time, but it was thoroughly successful in the end. ! The domestic cat very rarely deserts civilization in favor of savage freedom, its char-1 acter offering in this respect a strong con-1 trast to that of its fellow Oriental, the gyp- j sy. How the tame cat made its way into Europe is uncertain, although it is reported to have traveled from Egypt by way oU Cyprus. The period of its arrival, also, is j shrouded in mystery. It does not seem to have been known in classic times, and the early centuries of our era appear to have been unaware of its existence. In so cat- i less a period the arrival of such a beneficent j beast as that which has kept Whittington's ' memory green might well be hailed with : acclamation. It is easy to believe that the progress of the cat was very rapid when it | had once shown itself. Silently, but irre- j sistibly, it seems to have subjugated the | European hearth. It is terrible to think of; how much pleasure as well as profit the ; world would have been deprived if the cat's career had been cut prematurely short. Most fortunate was it, as Hehn remarks, that its introduction preceded those epochs in which its associations with idolatry might have caused it to fall a victim to the fanaticism of Islam or the ascetism of Chris tianity. SHUT YOUR MOUTH. While the reporter was in the office of a well known physician of this city, the latter asked him if he had noticed a young man who had just passed out. The reporter answered that he had, because he thought he had met the young man in ! Brooklyn a short time before. "That was probably another person suffering from the same trouble,'' said the doctor. "This is a curious affliction. It is more common than is supposed, occurs in ; infancy, at manhood and at middle age, and causes a great deal of suffering ; yet it j is a strange thing that the people in general j do not pay any attention to this affection i when occurring in their own families, in j spite of the manner in which it distorts the ; face, until some actual disease sets in and medical aid is necessary. Even the phy- j sicians do not seem to reflect that this : trouble may cause any one of a large num-' ber of diseases affecting the system in gen-1 eral. "Why," continued the doctor, "you can j tell one of these mouth-breathers anywhere the moment you see them. From disease j of the nose his lips are retracted, his mouth ; is continually open, his gums recede and i his teeth protrude, particularly those in the j upper jaw, the flesn that forms the lower! part of the nostrils is diminished in size, j The ease was treated as one 01 venous congestion of the brain, but there was no paralysis of motion or sensation, and only slightly impaired consciousness. A fatal | termination was not anticipated by any j one except the patient. lie seemed to feel from the first that he would not recover, and manifested not the slightesl desire to do so. When his son, Custis, spoke of recovery as probable, he shook his head and pointed upward. Some persistence was required to induce him to take medicine. The mind wandered occasionally, and at one of these timeshe exclaimed, "strike the tent," and at another, "tell Hill he must come up!" showing that the thoughts of the great soldier were far away from the sick room, in the midst of the toilsome march and the fiercer scenes of battle. There was no suffering at the close; simply a gentle falling into that sleep which knows ; no waking. 4 there are wnnKies at tne outer euge ui uie i eyes, and deep lines run from the nostrils to the angles ot the mouth. These all give the person either an expression of idiocy, silliness or suffering. "But the principal thing I want to call j your attention to," said the doctor, "is the necessity, of parents and nurses watching children when they fall asleep, and preventing them from breathing with their ! mouths open. In grown persons, diseases of the nose and throat may lead to mouthbreathing and the resulting distortion of the features, but it is the other way with children. They should be taught to use the mouth for eating and speaking only, and if they fall asleep with their mouths open the lips should be gently pressed together. Thus may constitutional diseases, such as spinal trouble, pigeon breast, and perhaps, even rickets may be avoided, not to speak of the affections of the nose and throat." It seems that medical men are not the only ones who have studied more or less ( carefully the habit of mouth breathing, j George Catlin, the portray or of American ; Indian life and customs, claimed in one of, his works that it was a known fact that a ; man can inhale mephistic air through the I nose in the bottom of a well without harm, but if he opened his mouth to answer a : question or call for help, his lungs are clos-; ed and he expires. Catlin says: "I have seen a poor Indian I woman in the wilderness lowering her baby from her breast and pressing its lips together as it falls asleep." Among 2,000,000 he found that deafness, dumbness, spinal curvature and deaths from teething and diseases 01 respiratory passages were almost unknown. He attributes this exemption from these ailments, so very common in civilized life, solely to the habit of breathing through the nose.?JY. Y. World. How Lee Died.?Wm. Preston Johnson, an eye-witness, says: On Wednesday, September 28, 1870, the beginning of the end came. In the morning of that day he was busy, as usual, with official work, refusing the assistance of which he sometimes availed himself; and in the afternoon attended a vestry meeting of Grace Episcopal Church. He acted as chairman, and enlivened the meeting with cheerful conversation and interesting anecdotes. The weather was chilly and damp, the room not warmed, and Gen. Lee sat with his military cloak throvta around his shoulders. His last public act was eminently characteristic. The question under discussion was the rector's salary, and when the subscriptions were handed in it was found that a deficit of $55 still remained. He remarked quietly, "I will give that sum"?and the company separated, little dreaming that the most illustrious member would never join them again. Returning home, tea was on the table, and, according to his invariable habit, he stood up to say grace. But the lips refused to speak, and he sat down without showing any signs of agitation, though the expression of nis face told plainly enough that he realized what the dumb lips meant. Physicians were promptly summoned and he was laid on the bed from which he never arose alive. THE FAMOUS PONY EXPRESS. Twenty years ago, settlers starting for the far West, with their heavily-laden wagons, knew that the journey would occupy six months of hard travel, and might involve many dangers of varied character?chiefly from hostile Indians, prairie fires, and rattlesnakes. Once started on that far journey, many a weary month must elapse ere any tidings could reach them from the home they had left. Great was the excitement when a company of fearless, determined men, announced their resolution to carry letters from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the Pacific in fourteen davs. The feat was deemed impossible. Nevertheless, the Central Overland California and Pike's Peak Express was duly organized, the vast expanse of country right across the great continent was divided into runs of sixty miles, and at each terminus rude log huts were erected as stations and stables for men and beasts. . The latter were strong, swift ponies, selected for their hardiness and great powers of endurance, and the riders were all picked men, experienced scouts and trappers, noted?even in that region of keen, hardriding men?for courage and good horsemanship ; and many a time must both have been tried to the uttermost in the course of those terribly long and awfully lonesome rides across the trackless prairie, continually in danger of attack, by day or by night, by wild Indians or highway robbers. Once a week an express messenger started from either side of the Great Continent. From the first moment to the last, not a second must be lost. As long as the pony could gallop he must; and the eager beasts seemed as keen as their riders, and scarcely needed the cruel spur to urge them on. For sixty miles at a stretch they must keep up their utmost speed; and when at length the goal was reached, where the next messenger "'OS wra i ti nor in thp carlrllp rPflrlv tfl Start *T ?CJ UUiVlU^ 1U VilV WMV?V?*\ J . WW wwww- w without one minute's delay, the precious letter bag was tossed from one postman to the other, and, ere the wearied incomer had even dismounted, his successor had started on his onward way. Then pony and man might rest and feed, and rest again, till the return of the messenger with a re-filled letter-bag, which was warranted to accomplish its journey of upward of 2,000 miles in 240 hours. (The railway on the New York side being already constructed as far as St. Joseph, that station was the eastern point to which the pony express had to run.) The pony express was continued for two years, accomplishingits work with amazing regularity, and involving many a feat of splendid riding and wild adventure. It proved, however, a ruinous failure from a commercial point of view, and the company collapsed with a deficit of $200,000. t GEX. FITZHUGH LEE. The special invitation received by Gen. Lee to be present at the obsequies of Gen. Grant, shows well how time has eradicated the scars left by our late war, and is evidence that the old sectional feeling of the South has so far disappeared that they can mourn over the death of their conqueror. Gen. Lee is a grandson of the famous *"Light Horse Harry" Lee, of the Revolution, and a nephew of the late Robert E. Lee, the Southern Military Chieftain. He graduated at West Point in the class of 1856, and entered the regular army as a Lieutenant in the Second Cavalry. For three years preceding the late war he was on duty on the frontier, ana once, in an encounter witn tne Indians, was desperately wounded in the chest. At the outbreak of the war he resigned from the army and followed his State into secession. He fought in the Confederate army throughout the contest, acquiring distinction as a cavalry leader. After the war he settled in Virginia as a farmer and miller. In 1875 he entered political life and in 1876 attended the National Democratic Convention, as a delegate. The next year he was a candidate for the Democratic nomination forGovernor, buc was unsuccessful. The same year Gen. Lee attracted general attention by an address which he delivered at the Bunker Hill celebration. In 1879 he became a candidate for the State Senate on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated by the Readjuster candidate. On July 29th, 1885, Gen. Lee was nominated for Governor of Virginia, by the Democratic Convention, which met at Richmond. He had for his opponents some of the most prominent men of the State, and the struggle was fierce, it being remarked on all sides that the personnel of the Convention was superior to that of any of late years and reminded old politicians of the great gatherings of ante-bellum times. + Spiritualism.?That famous Methodist, Rev. Dr. D. 1). Whedon, had, shortly before his death, evolved a curious theory as to disembodied spirits. His idea was that the entire nervous system in a human being, not contents of the cranium alone, constituted the mind. Therefore, the ramifications of the nerves, forming in themselves a shape conforming exactly to that of the whole figure, made the soul of man just like his body so far as configuration was concerned. He believed that at death this contour and semblance of the dead' body separated itself and became the eternal form of the spirit, visible to its fellows, . and, under some conditions, to terrestial folks. Dr. Whedon described how the soul gets out of the body. "Emerging upward," he says," "the spirit awakes into the pure ether?a blessed atmosphere. This paradisiac ether is an effluence from the divine essence and the emancipated soul bathes, swims, lives in its own genial and native element. Paradise thus pervades oiir air above and around us, and at death the spirit enters thereinto as through a veil." He intimated that apparitions are glimpses of the beings of this close by but usually invisible world. "Even the resurrected body of Christ," he says, "walked through the solid wall of the house, and first revealed itself to his disciples at the table." He called these beings angeloids, and argued that they leave behind them in the discarded corpse, the baser attributes. The pertinency of Whedon's theory to modern spiritualism lies in its harmony with the alleged phenomena of materialization. It has been siezed upon by several of the professional mediums, and in some of the seances forms in semblance comporting with the conditions of his angeloids, have been ? :..u SUUWI1 IU UdlUUldll Uldl'ipiUa. ? -* - ?- o &af? It is the young, the idle, the smallminded, who are the most prone to vex themselves about small things and outside things. As years advance and interests widen, we see with larger eyes, and refuse to let minute evils destroy in us, that equal mind which, accepting life as a whole in all its earnestness and reality, its beauty and sadness combined, weighs calmly and strikes bravely the balance of good and evil.