Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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lewis 1*1. grist, proprietor, j Sit Jjnkpcitbtaf Jfamilg Ijtrfosjiapcr: jfor fjjc ^promotion of tjjc |1oIiiicaI, Social, SpicuM?18! onit Commercial interests of fjic Soufjj. jTERMS--$2.50 a YEAR, in advance. VOL. 30 YORKVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, AUGUST 7, 1884. HO. 32. ?be Jitiwg ?eUcr. From the Woonsocket Patriot. FRIENDSHIP, OR LOVE ? - - ? BY E. M. BANGS. Dick Raymond paused in his reading, and closed his book impatiently. "It is perfectly absurd," he said, the way this writer, like many others, claims that no young lady and gentleman can become friends without being more. For my part, I don't know why there can't be friendship, just friendship, and nothing else!" As he finished speaking, a young girl at the other side of the room left her seat, crossed to where he was sitting, and demurely offered her hand. In answer to his glance of surprise, "I agree with you," she said gravely, "and would like to shake hands on the subject." This young person ** was Miss Edith Cartland, who had graduated from school some months before the opening of our story, and, as neither of her parents were living, had come a few weeks back to make her home with her brother, jjr. ivooeir wtruuiiu. Possessing an independent spirit, she had immediately set herself about obtaining pupils in music and had been so successful as to number at present quite a class, and the pretty dark-eyed teaclier seemed to be well liked. She had found on her arrival at her brother's that there was one more member in the family than she had known of, and that was Richard Raymond, a brother of her brother's wife, and in business in the city. Both Dr. and Mrs. Cartland were amused spectators of the scene described above; nothing more was said on the subject, however, and conversation soon became general on other subjects ; but as they were separating for the night, Dick said in a low tone: "&) it is settled that we are to be friends, is it, Miss Edith ?" "I hope so," she answered with a quick smile. So a friendship began between them, concerning which the Doctor and his wife shook their heads knowingly, prophesying that it would soon change to something different; but time passed on, and to their surprise they saw no change. As for the young people themselves, they appeared as contented with their friendship as they had said they should be when at "he beginning they had declared that in their opinion it was far better than love, but each had promised that if any thiDg of the latter should come to either, the other should be the first to be made acquainted with the fact. The autumn changed to winter, and winter to spring, when, one afternoon as Edith was returning after a tedious day of lessons, and was about to enter the house, the postman handed her a letter for herself and she saw at a glance that it was from an old <v?hnnl friend. Rena Xelson. The father of this young lady owned a handsome country seat where the family spent a part at least of every summer, and this letter contained an invitation for Edith to spend the coming months there with . them. "You needn't waste any time in making up your mind," wrote Rena, "for I shan't take no for an answer. I don't think you will fiDd it so very dull, for beside some older people, Belle Briggs is to be here a few weeks, and brother Tom and his chum, Fred Loring. So just say when we may expect you, and make blissfully happy the heart of your friend, Rena." Edith's decision was soon made in favor of the visit, and when the day came for her departure, Dick accompanied her to the depot. "You'll write to me, won't you?" he asked just before the train started. "Yes, of course," she returned. And write she did, but her letters to her sisters were not more free and artless than those she wrote to Dick, and his in return were equally simple. JRena noticing these frequent missives, bantered her friend gaily upon the matter, but to her surprise Edith was indignant, and after this one occasion, she remained wisely silent on the subject for the rest of her visit, which came to an end on the last of August. The autumn months passeu unmarKeu oy any particular event, and it was on an evening during the following winter when, as the family were rising from a late tea, a servant announced : "A gentleman to see Miss Cartland," and taking the card reached toward her, Edith was surprised to read i the name of Fred Loring, her acquaintance of the summer previous. He was stopping iu the city for a few days, he said, when a little later Edith met him in the drawing room, and had given himself the pleasure of calling. His stay of a day or two lengthened to over a week, during which he called at Dr. Cartland's frequently ; the last time Edith had gone out, so she did not see him. It was a w eek or two after this when Mrs. Cartland had noticed through the day that something unusual was troubling Edith, but as that young lady was one who spoke when she was* ready and not before, she had said nothing to her about it. Dick, too, saw* that something had gone wrong, but he waited with what patience he could summon, knowing that in all probability she would not keep it to herself much longer. Dr. and Mrs. Cartland went out for the evening, Edith had gone to her room immediately after tea, and Dick was sitting with a paper apparently reading, but really wondering if she meant for him to spend the evening by himself, when he heard her coming down the stairs. She entered the room a moment later, but without glancing toward him, went directly to the piano, and seating hercalf Knrron u wolf'/ itwlafwl clia l\0(nin ov" " " ,v-v "VB"" several selections without fiuishing any one of them, while Dick sat watching her curiously. and was not surprised when turning suddenly she said in a dejected toiie : "O, dear! What dreadful things do happen !" "What now?" he asked, looking calmly up from his paper, "lost another pair of gloves, new hat not becoming, or??" "Richard Raymond!" Edith interrupted with surprising dignity, "such levity on your part is unbecoming, to say the least, in view of the subject on my mind." "Your pardon, Miss Cartland; please proceed, I am all attention." She had a book of music in her hands, and turning the pages hurriedly back and forth, she said, "I've had a letter from Mr. Loring." Dick repressed a smile, and returned gravely enough that he had known even - worse things than such as that to happen. "But that isn't all," shutting the book with sudden emphasis. "He has asked me to marry him!" For fully a minute Dick Raymond was dumb with astonishment. The thought of this had never occurred to him; when he recovered himself he said encouragingly: "Well, it might be even worse than that? unless yon have given him reason to expect a yes, in reply," hesitatingly. "You probably think it would be like me." Ignoring her last remark he went on: "If not, my dearyoung friend, send him back a kind but decided no, and have the matter over with; and he settled himself back in his chili r with the air of a man who considers that he has worked out a difficult problem. "Hut you see," his companion remarked, again opening and shutting her book, "I'm not sure that my answer will be no. You remember I promised to tell you if anything of the kind ever came to me, and so I have, r and I want your advice." "Indeed, but since you have already decided, it would seem that my advice comes in a little late." "Oh, I haven't decided at all, I wish I had." This with so doleful a tone and ex pression, that Dick said quickly, "If there's anything I can say to help you, just tell me what it is and I'll say it." He looked so whimsically in earnest that Edith laughed in spite of herself. "Well," he said, taking up the matter in a business like way, "Do you love Mr. Loring?" "Probably I shall never care for any man in just the way you mean," she replied, | looking down, "but I like him. 1 imagine I shall never like any one better, and? it's pleasant to tiling I needn't be a poor music teacher all my life. There ! despise me all you please." "Of course, if you marry him, you and I cannot then be the friends we have been." Dick did not speak for several moments, and Edith was wondering if his contempt was too great for words, when he began: She started. "I don't see why." "Would you care to have your husband and another lady such friends as you and I have been ? Hardly I think." She did not reply to this, but rising after a little silence, said, "Good night, Dick," and left the room. The young man looked after her with a variety of expressions as he twirled his blond mustache reflectively. "What a dunce I have been," he soliloquized, "not to know that somebody would be falling in love with her sooner or later, "And so," after a pause, "she thinks she will never like anyone better, does she!" He continued in this way for a while and by the time he had finished, found out somethingabout himself that surprised him quite as much as what he had heard about Edith. The next morning as he was standing before breakfast, at a window, looking on the street, he was struck by tne sight of Edith, evidently out for a walk. It was not yet eight o'clock, and this young lady not being remarkable for early rising, it was no wonder he was surprised, but when he saw that her destination was the letter box at the street corner he began to understand. As she returned and entered the room where he stood, he did not turn from the window till she came up to him, and said, "I have decided, Dick." He turned then. "Shall I congratulate you ?" he asked. "Yes," smilingly, and then in a lower tone, "I have decided that I care more for your friendship than his love." After this, all seemed to go on as before, and one day in February, Edith, having been out all the morning, came home looking unusually tired. Her sister remarked upon the fact, asking, "What is the matter?" "Only the same story over once more in my case," the girl returned. "If a pupil gets along nicely, it is all their wonderful talent, but if they don't learn readily, the teacher is to blame. Now there is Bertha Williams?who, by-the-way, can't be taught LXm. 2 4-Uo.J. aUA ttuyuiiiJg?tuiu nit? lu-uay uint diic was oo sorry to lose so agreeable a teacher, but Pa thought as she would sometime take lessons from Prof. Karl, it would be as well to change now, and Lu Davis will take of him if Bertha does, so there are two of my pupils gone," and Edith held up two fingers, looking mournfully at them as if she never expected to see them again. A little later, Dick, who had been present during this recital, asked if she would be too tired to listen to the Symphony Orchestra that evening, and if his going had been anything of a hardship?which was far from being the case?he would have felt amply repaid by Edith's changed appearance. As they were leaving the concert room after the evening's entertainment, two young girls passed near them, and Dick overheard the remarks, "There is 'Dick Raymond with Edith Cartland again. I wonder if they are engaged." "Probably," returned the other, "or if not they ?" The remainder of the sentence was lost, but the young man looked down at his comEanion to see if she too had heard, and by er flushed cheeks was sure she had. She saw his questioning glance, however, and answered as though he had spoken, "Never mind them, they don't understand." There came an evening, a week or two after this, when, as Edith and Dick had been conversing on different subjects, the latter said with a sudden change of tone, "You remember Edith of the agreement we made that should anything of love come to either of us, we would tell the other; you have kept your part of the promise, and now I have something to tell." If he had observed that he confidently expected to be the next President of the United States, Edith would hardly have been more surprised. "Dick Raymond," she said slowly, "do you mean?that you are?in love?" "Yes, if you like to put it that way," he said, apparently enjoying her surprise. "Well?" she exclaimed, "I dia think I knew one sensible inan. but thev are all alike!" As she seemed to be addressing the centre table, Dick did not feel called upon to reply, but after a pause he said, "I am sorry to lower myself in your opinion, but the lady I love is no common person, she?" "There!" Edith broke in. "You can leave me to imagine the rest, for I have heard how people in your condition usually talk, and?" "Will therefore save me from sinking lower in your esteem than I already am. Thank you," finished Dick. There was silence for several minutes till he spoke again. "May I tell you who she is, Edith ?" he asked. This disturbed young lady wondered instinctively if bespoke in that'tone when addressing that uncommon person, but before she had time to reply, Mrs. Cart-land entered the room, and so interrupted their conversation. At an earlier hour than usual, Edith made some excuse and went to her room. As she stood brushing her dark hair, she paused suddenly, and looking severely at her reflection in the mirror, exclaimed softly, "Edith ("'(irf-l-.mrl u-hntdn vnn mean ! Is it nossible you care so much more for him than he does for you ?" And then thinking of what she had said, "IIow foolish, how like a child I acted," she thought, her eyes filling with tears of vexation or something else. But she would be different when she saw him again. And the following morning she seemed so much likelier usual self, that Dick was surprised if nota little disppointed. There was no opportunity of resuming their conversation till late in the afternoon when, as Edith was walking slowly homeward, Dick overtook her, and they went on together, speaking little at first, and they had nearly reached their own door when he said, "We were interrupted last evening, shall I finish now what I have to tell you?" "Certainly," was the answer, "your friend is interested of course," adding that if he had found something better than friendship he was fortunate, but she?naturally?should miss her friend. They had reached the door, but by a tacit agreement paused before entering, while Dick returned, "I, too, should be sorry to give up my friend if it were not for the hope of gaining something better." IIow unlike him, how almost cruel this sounded! But he should not know that she cared, and with an effort at her old tone she said, "Won't you tell me who she is?" If it had been light enough to have seen his face, she would not have put the question, but the short day was drawing to a close, and the gaslight did not fall where they stood. "Edith," he said, taking both her hands, "do you need to ask ? don't you know who she must be?" When their engagement became known, Dr. and Mrs. Cartland felt that this was too good an opportunity not to say?"I told you so," but with an effort they contented themselves by saying it to each other, and all concerned and interested seemed to be entirely satisfied with the termination of this remarkable friendship. 8?ar The sermon of the best preacher in the world will not make as much impression upon acongregation as the sudden pattering of rain on the window panes of a church containing two hundred new bonnets. damp (jfflmspnfattfe. THE LIGHTS 0' LONDON. * A JOURNEY FROM BELFAST TO THE BRITISH METROPOLIS. Highland Scenery?Historic Grounds?The Tombs of Consecrated Head?A Forestry Exhibition?A Scotch Political Procession?The People Panting for Liberty?The Extremes of Poverty and WealthScotch Character and Thriftlncss. Co/Tesjiondenee of the Yorkville Enquirer. London, July 17.?For the last fifteen days, I have been so constantly on the move and so much engaged in sight-seeing, that I have had not a moment left to write a single line. If you will place before you a map of the British Isles, you will see the town of Belfast, at the head of Belfast Lough. Now, if you will draw a line across the North Channel, thence up the Firth of Clyde, up the Clyde river to Glasgow, thence to Oban, thence up Loch Linnhe, thence up the Caledonian Canal and Loch Ness, to Inverness, onMoray Firth, thence to Edinburgh, thence to London, and you will have an idea of my journey. You will see that Scotland has been crossed in the Highland region, and then traversed longitudinally; and England seen from North to South. All that I dare undertake, at present, to say, is, that the journey from Glasgow to Inverness was charming. The scenery is wild and romantic, and the whole region full of monuments of the stirring events of the past. In this region the clans often met in deadly conflict. Ben Nevis, with his bald head covered with snow, rises above any mountain in the three Isles. A few miles from Inverness is Culloden field, on which the nobles of Scotland fell and the last of the Stewarts was defeated. But I must not pass over these things hastily. I will reserve them for some future time and sketch the whole in detail. I think I have collected material sufficient for a large volume. Such being the case, I will confine this letter to things which may be regarded of a temporary and local character. I arrived in Edinburgh on Friday morning, the 11th of July. The night previous I spent in Stirling. Here Ebenezer Erskine died, and here his mortal body was buried. Over his grave I shed a tear and departed, feeling that I was paid for all my toil. I have seen what I never expected to see?the irrauAa nf "P.hono^or TTrclrinfi Alnvtinrlnr Henderson and Adam Gill?the former in Stirling, and the latter two in the old Greyfriars' church-yard in Edinburgh. No one can tell what the world owes Alexander Henderson, Thomas Boston and Ebenezer Erskine. On account of their noble deeds, their memories will be cherished by all those who love civil liberty and pure religion, until time is merged into eternity. Edinburgh is a grand old city?a city of hallowed memories. Especially is it dear to Presbyterians. In its Castle, James the Sixth of Scotland and First of England, was born; and in Edinburgh John Knox lived and died and is buried. It was here in St. Giles' Church that the great Scotch Reformer preached, and it was in St. Giles' Church that Jean Geddes hurled her stool at the dean's head for attempting to say mass in her lug. This act banished, for the time, prelacy frOm Scotland. But more of this again. The time of my arrival at Edinburgh was particularly favorable for getting an insight of the Scotch people and their great city, which, by way of eminence, is known all over Scotland as "Auld Reeky," that is, old smoky. The Forestry Exhibition had been opened but a few days previous to my arrival, and every preparation had been made to render the affair a success. The ostensible object of the Forestry Exhibition is to put on exhibition specimens of the industries of the world, but especially of the British dominions. In America the thing would be called an Exposition. In the Forestry Exhibition, blocks of timber and stone, together with an endless variety of agricultural and mechanical implements, were on exhibition. Bamboos a foot in diameter and forty or fifty feet long were to be seen. Old logs petrified, and canoes used by the aboriginal inhabitants, the carcases of birds and beasts of various kinds, and the rare and wonderful things of the British Isles and British colonies were neatly arranged to be gazed at by visitors. I saw nothing from the United States, except some red-wood from California. It struck me that there was something selfish in this. On the whole, I cannot say that I was carried away with the Forestry Exhibition. The specimens of wood were not equal to what can be collected in any part of the Southern States, and the agricultural implements were clumsy affairs, better calculated to kill horses than to till the soil. Of the steam engines I cannot speak. Connected with the Forestry Exhibition, there is a band of musicians who toot their brass horns and beat their large drums to the dis-! gust of every mortal who desires occasion- j ally to hear something that is said by some i one else. A brass band in a house is like a j barbed wire ience?a relic of barbarism. | On a battle field a brass band is a very good thing, but it does not possess the martial ! stirring power of a fife and drum. In small chambers adjoining the promenades of the Exhibition walls, refreshments are served to the visitors who may become weary and tired in body. In all these refreshment stalls drinks of various kinds are furnished. It is a notorious fact that the Scotch have, from time immemorial, been i fond of something stronger than water, but the temperance wave is passing over the British Isles, and it is to be hoped that a bettor day, in respect to temperance, is not far distant. The great event which took place during my stay in Edinburgh, was a political meet- < ing on Saturday, July 12th. The occasion of this meeting was the fact that the House of Lords had refused to pass a certain bill, extending the franchise to a large number of persons now not enjoying that privilege. That the import of this bill may oe understood, it may be remarked that the privilege of voting is confined or restricted iu the British Isles to property holders. The Franchise Bill contemplated the extending j of this privilege to householders, or nearly to that. Property in the British Isles is of j more importance than it is in our United States. In our free country, every man not 1 convicted of felony or an idiot, is permitted 1 to go the polls and cast his vote for any office seeker he may sec fit. Not only so, but '< in some sections, tne women tire clamoring loudly for the privilege of voting. In the! United States, in the court house and at the | polls, one man is as good as any other man. ! The only exception to this is the poor In- j dian, who is hunted like a wild beast and j slaughtered only because he desires to be j j free. Southern negroes always were nearly ;' as free as the poor Scotch and Irish are to- ' day. 1 On Saturday, the 12th of July, the inhab- 1 < itants of Edinburgh and of the surrounding 1 country, assembled to give expression to ' their disapprobation of the course pursued i by the House of Lords. It was a grand af- I fair?one that is rarely witnessed in any < country, and never, I suppose, in the United States. By actual enumeration, seventeen thousand five hundred and fifty persons i f joined in the procession. This vast multi- i tude was made up of the various classes in 11 society, each headed by a band of music, i among which were several bands of the fa- j i mous bagpipers. The spectators were at i least four times as many as those in the procession. The place of assembling was the 1 Queen's Park, which is overlooked by Salis- i : bury Crag on the one side, and Edinburgh ; Castle on the other, with Holyrood Palace near by. < Each company in the procession bore some i article which indicated theclassof citizens to 1 which it belonged. Asan example, the company which was made up of farmers, bore in its front some implement of agriculture, as a flow stock, or a horse ready for the plow. n addition to this each company in the procession had its own banner, on which were inscribed expressive mottoes, such as "To let?the House of Lords." "We want no House of Lords," and "Reform?Sweep them Out." The most expressive of all was a glass cage in which were confined two pigeons, and on which was inscribed on its four faces, "We want Liberty." The grand proceasion marched down by old Greyfriars' Church, where the solemn League and Covenant was signed, more than three hundred years ago, by men opening, in some instances, their veins and using their own blood instead of ink, adding after their <siVnntiirr. flip wnrrls. "fill rlpath." It naSSed also the house of John Knox, whose impassioned speeches and sermons infused courage into the faint hearted and caused tyrants to tremble. Evidently the Scotch had caught up the spirit of days longsince past. I stood on the top of Salisbury Crag and viewed the vast multitude of people, which resembled distuifeacfcants or swarming bees. I could not but think of the scenes which once were enacted on the same spot, and which resulted in so much good, both for the cause of religion and civil liberty. Afrer the procession had reached the Queen's Park, several resolutions were passed, of which the following is the substance : "This meeting has to express its great disappointment and indignation with the majority of the House of Lords, in refusing this measure of electoral justice and reform." The resolutions being passed, the vast crowd dispersed, or rather returned to the streets of the city. Until a late hour in the night, the streets were literally full of men and women, wandering about, seemingly not knowing where they were going, or what they were attempting to effect. The bar-rooms were crowded with both men and women. The latter, I suppose, were of the baser sort.. Such confusion, doubly confounded, I never witnessed. Not a few were i 1 1 .1 i_ /"vi.1 i.u 1 CirunK?goou uruna. uuiers were getting drunk as fast as they could. Some were singing songs as plaintive as funeral dirges. Others were singing the exploits of Scotia's heroes of old; out strange to say, no one seemed to be greatly excited. This leads me to say that the Scotch are a most wonderful people. Drunk or sober, they are cool and calculating. If a Scotchman was reduced to the necessity of leaping over a wall, he would first deliberately measure the height of the wall. The ScotchIrishman is as generous as the air, but as impetuous as a mountain stream. The Scotch-Irishman Americanized, js a bundle of nerves. He calculates, and calculates closely, but begins to act the moment he begins to calculate, and often completes the act before he has finished the calculation. An American when drunk is a.fool. He talks incessantly, and is ready to avenge all his wrongs. The same is true of a ScotchIrishman. On the contrary, a Scotchman never gets so drunk as to be imprudent. He may reel and stagger, and perhaps fall; but he will not talk unadvisedly. A drunk Scotchman is the silliest creature I ever saw. It was manifest that the vast multitude which assembled on the 12th of July in the city of Edinburgh, were panting for liberty. The truth is, the spirit of American liberty is infusing itself into the minds of all the civilized nations on earth. The common people of the world regard America as the "home of the brave and the land of the free." The Franchise Bill which was defeated by the House of Lords', Tel eased from a state of miserable vassalage five millions of people, and to a considerable extent revolutionized the British Constitution. The people of the United Kingdom demand that the same privileges be given them that are given to the Colonies. It has been said that all are onfiofln/1 ii'i'fli flm ofnfo r\f flitnofo in ^f?iaf rtrtllOHCU >YAlll tlic nunc KIX L/I1A1J ill vuvav Britain except the Catholic Irish. This is not true. None of the common people are satisfied. The Catholics attempt to obtain their rights in a way which is justifiable neither in the sight of God nor man." I suppose it may be said that the United Kingdom is prosperous; but still it is not to be denied that there is a state of unrest which is to be feared. If the common people of England, Ireland and Scotland were as nervous as the people of the United States, there would be a rebellion in less than a year. But with Ireland divided up into several factions, and the calculating nature of the Scotch, no change will be speedily effected. ^ In the British Isles extreme poverty and vast wealth are to be met with in every community. The middle class, which in every country under the sun is the stay and support of thecountry, both in time of peace and in time of war, is, in Great Britain, few in number, when compared with the number of the poor?in many cases, abjectly and hopelessly poor. The soil is owned by a coinporatively very small number of individuals, while the remainder of the population are nothing but renters. The power and influence of these large land owners is very great. As an evidence of this, the Duke of Bedford has his estate in London fenced up? irnn a-ntps hpincr nlnpprl nernssseveral streets iii the city of London?and no one is allowed to pass along the streets, with a carriage, without the permission of the Luke ! In fact, no carriage can pass along these streets, because the gates are locked. This is to me a most wonderful thing. The public good is sacrificed to gratify the whims of the Luke. As a rule, the Scotch are a very religious people. This is true, notwithstanding their admitted intemperate habits. I think they must be little addicted to profane swearing. I did not hear any profane swearing during my whole stay in the country, and I heard several other travelers make the same remark. Another feature of the Scotch is that they are strict observers of the Sabbath day. An Irishman's description of the Scotchman is that that he "keeps the Sabbath day and everything else that he gets his hands on." It is not meant by this that the Scotch are rlieh/inoet hut thnt thnir oi*u innliriPfl "tn gather geer by every wile that's justified by honor," and to hold the "geer" when gathered. The Scotch have little of the romantic in their natures. They seldom leave their country except that they may gather more "geer" than they can gather in their dear old Scotia. It. Latiian. >????>9 Mexican Etiquette.?I was given a lesson in etiquette by a Mexican young lady that I met in the train. I chanced to be the only man in the sleeping car when it drew out from El Paso, and after an introduction by the conductor, to whose charge the young lady had been committed, she [uul I became quite well acquainted. "I saw you eating an orange 011 the depot platform," she said. "In Mexico that would be considered as unmannerly. There it is unmannerly to eat anything outside of a house, even candy. And I noticed when Mr. Romero gave you a Mexican match you threw it away after using but one end of it. The other end was still serviceable, and you should have returned the match with your thanks. If you hand one a cigar or cigarette to light with, you must take a whiff from it after it has been returned to you, though it may be so short as to burn your fingers." All this I received with good grace, for my young lady was but ten years of age. - ? ? fiST There is many a man with a fine classical or business education vainly seeking for bread, but whoever saw an industrious, temperate, first-class engineer, or niecnanic in that fix ; any man who has a thorough mechanical education, or training, and who is out of work and unable to succeed in the world, is lacking in something, for the world has need of such men every day, and a place for them to fill. ? - JBSTSincerity is to speak as we think, to lo as we pretend to profess, to perform and make good what we promise, and really he what we would seem and appear to be. look in thespringof I860" The John Brown raid on Harper's Ferry had recently taken place, showing what daring and dangerous measures Abolitionism was capable of; Kansas, after a fierce struggle, had been lost to the South ; the growing Republican party was preparing for the Chicago Convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln ; there were grave divisions in the Democratic party that had ruled the country for nearly fifty years; and, to complicate things still more, there was a strong native American element in the Southern States which refused to ally itself with the Southern Democracy in defense of the extreme position which the latter claimed was necessary for the maintenance of Southern institutions and interests. Congress was still in session, and it was observed that Davis, Toombs and Hunter were frequently sitting together in the Senate, as if in consultation. These consultations usually took place at the desk of the Senator from Mississippi, and the fact was remarked then, as proof of the clearer perspicacity, stronger will, and superior ability of the man who was destined afterward to become chief of the then only dreamed of Southern Confederacy. These three men are still living. It is strange that it should be so, but there are I many strange things connected with the tremendous drama in which they played so conspicuous a part. Their experimental Confederacy was born, lived and perished so long ago that the American youth of today knows nothing of it except what they read of in the books. The South has passed through the blood and agony of a conflict which left the flower of its population beneath the sod, and scarred its mountains, valleys and forests with the tracks of plowing missiles. Abolitionism had its way ; slavery was overthrown and ruin ran riot over the Southern land till there was little left to destroy. Yet the three Senators of 1860, from Mississippi, Georgia and Virginia, have survived all the havoc and are still above the turf beneath which all their prominent contemporaries lie buried. Their old nhnlition enemies are ffone. Garrison. Seward, Greeley, Chase, Giddings passed away long ago. Even Wendell Phillips is dead. Lincoln, the first Republican President, has been in his bloody toornb these nineteen years. The great Douglas sleeps in Illinois soil, and trees twenty-two years old grow over his grave. His Presidential competitors in the memorable campaign of 18G0, Breckinridge and John Bell, are asleep too, each in the soil of his native State. All the members of the first Republican Cabinet are gone but one?Simon Cameron?and Simon Cameron was comparatively an obscure man in the spring of 1860. The Mississippi Senator of I860 is now 76 years old ; the Georgia Senator is 74 ; the Virginia Senator is 75. They are not veryold men, yet there are not three other living men in the world who were actors in a great historical drama who have served as pall-bearers to such a procession of eminent fellow-players. Use and Abuse of the Eves.?While a prominent oculist of the city and a reporter were conversing, a young lawyer walked up, and, accosting the former, said: "My eyes feel very much fatigued. What had I hotter fin for thorn ?" Tho noiilist miVfi him some instructions about glasses, and when he had gone away said: "People speak about their eyes being faitigued, meaning that the retina, or seeing portion of the brain, is fatigued, but such is not the ease, as the retina hardly ever gets tired. He was asked to explain, and continued: "The fatigue is in the inner and outer muscles attached to the eyeball and in the muscle of accommodation, which surrounds the lens of the eye. When a near object is to be looked at this muscle relaxes and allows the lens to thicken, increasing its retractive power. The inner and outer muscles to which I referred are used-, in covering the eye or the object to be looked at, the inner one being especially used when a near object is to be looked at. It is in the muscles mentioned that the fatigue is felt, and relief is secured temporarily by closing the eyes or gazing at far distant objects. The usual indication of strain is a redness of the rim of the eyelashes, betokening a congested state of the inner surface, accompanied with some pain. Rest is not the proper remedy for a fatigued eye, but the use of glasses of sufficient power to render unecessary so much effort to accommodate the eye to vision." "When do the eyes begin to age ?" "At about the tenth or twelfth year of life, when they have reached their full development. At the age of forty-five or fifty the lenses cease to thicken, when the pressure is removed and old sight begins." "Will a child who has to use glasses ever outgrow the custom ?" "Not as a general thing, but other glasses of different thicknesses will be used. Sometimes cases have occurred where children outgrew the use of glasses. Second sight, or the apparent recovery of strength of vision, is a change, an elongation in the shape of the eyeball, by which the person becomes nearsighted, accompanied by a change in the lens caused by the appearance of a cataract." Useful IIixts.?Plenty of fresh air, fresh water, wholsome food, and regular hours for meals will do wonders in keeping a home healthy and happy. Wash whitewashed walls with vinegar to make paper stick. Use white oil cloth bound with red, back of kitchen table, wash stands, and under hooks to hang tin. Salts of lemon will take stains from ivory knives. Camphor will prevent moths; the gum near your silver will keep it bright. , Wormwood or pennyroyal will drive out ants. One teaspoonful of chloride of lime, in , three quarts of water, will take stains from white goods. Rats and mice avoid chloride of lime. Vinegar will remove lime from carpets. Quissa in sweetened water will destroy flies. Saltpetre and olive oil will cure corns. ( Let sunshine in all rooms; it is better than medicine. If a spider or dish gets burnt in using, do not scrape it, but put a little water and ashes , in, and let it get warm ; it will come off : nicely. ( Wash your windows with a wing instead of a cloth, and look out on a clean, wellkept yard. ^ The Best Bed.?Of the eight pounds 1 which a man eats and drinks during the 1 day, it is estimated that no less than five 1 pounds leaves the body through the skin. 1 And of these five pounds considerable es- 1 capes during the night. This being a great- ( er part gaseous in form permeates every part of the bed. Thus, all parts of the bed, mattress, blankets and sheets, soon become ( foul and need purification. l The mattress needs this renovation quite f as much as the sheets. To allow the sheets to be used without washing or changing for three or six months, > would be regarded as bad housekeeping; ' but I insist, if a thin sheet can absorb c fpsMlaueflus Heading. ante-bellum senators. 11 EM IN IS CEXCES OF JEF1\ DAVIS, ItOliEIlT TOOMltS AND R. M. T. HUNTER. Ill the year I860, says the St. Louis liepublican of July lGth', Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, Itobert Toombs, of Georgia, and It. M. T. Hunter, of Virginia, were members of the United States Senate, and not only its three most influential members, but eminent Southern leaders. Each represented a State which claimed and exercised a weighty influence in the national council, and as they belonged to the then dominant party and were champions of the theories that rested on slavery, they possessed an au tnonty which in tne present cnangea condition of things, it is difficult to comprehend. The Doliticnl skv wore a troubled enough of the poisonous excretions of the body to make it unfit for use in a few days, a thick mattress which can absorb and retain a thousand times as much of these exhalations, needs to be purified as often, certainly, as once in three mouths. A sheet can be washed, a mattress cannot be renovated in that way. Indeed, there is no other way of cleaning a mattress but by steaming it, or picking it to pieces and in fragments exposing it to the direct rays of the sun. As these processes are scarcely practicable with any of the ordinary mattresses, I am decidedly of the opinion that the good oldfashioned straw bed, which can, every three months, be exchanged for fresh straw, and the tick washed, is the sweetest of beds. If in the winter season the porousness of the straw bed makes it a little uncomfortable, spread over it two woolen blankets, which should be washed. With this arrangement, if you wash all the bed-covering often, you ttrill lin tta o cttrnof liAultlifnl Koil Now, if you leave the bed to air, with open windows during the day, and not make it up for the night before evening, you will have added greatly to the sweetness of your rest, and in consequence, to the tone of your health. I heartily wish this good change could be everywhere introduced. Only those who have attended to tills important matter can judge of its influence on the general health and spirits. Sketch of Gov. St. John.?John P. St. John, of Kansas, the candidate of the Prohibition party for President, first acquired distinction beyond the bounds of his home in 1878. He was elected Governor of the State of Kausas on a prohibition platform in the latter part of that year, and the eyes of the whole country were turned upon the man who had won so remarkable a victory and planted the banner of prohibition on the dome of the capitol of a Western State. His career has been checkered, with many ups and downs, with shade and sunshine, enough of romance in his life to satisfy a reader of novels. He was a Hoosier boy, his father being a rather eccentric inhabitant of an island in White river, a few miles from Indianapolis. The young Hoosier, under the spur of ambition, started out at the early age of 12 years to make his own way in the world. He managed to acquire the rudiments of an education and secured employment in Olney, 111. While there he married at the early age of 19, but his wife only lived some months after marriage. About that time the California gold fever was sweeping over the the States, and St. John was carried away with it. He crossed the Mississippi river with a five-franc piece, about SI, in his pocket, and teamed across the plains. With his wages he bought a lot of lame cattle, and doctoring them up they brought him $500 on sale. He began mining operations with this capital, speculating and working and spending money fast. He was at this time a rough-and-tumble young fellow, but straying too far from camp he was chased by Indians for two days. Part of the wav he ran in bare feet over snow and ice, which laid Win up for six months. His next adventure was a trip to South America in a sailing vessel, which was wrecked in the Sandwich Islands. He was saved without money or clothes. Working his way back to the States, he found an opportunity of getting admission to the bar. When the war broke out he was practicing in Charleston. He entered the army, and at its close was a colonel. His last fighting was against the bushwhackers in Missouri. He lived for a time in Independence, and married again. Bemoving to Olothe, Kansas, he entered into politics. He was prominent in unhorsing Senator Pomeroy, which made him popular, and in the State election of 1878 he was elected Governor for four years by the Prohibition party. In 1882 he was defeated for re-election by G. W. Gliek. Gov. St. John is about fifty years old, of an imposing personal presence, and is a man of strong convictions and original views, which he expresses in language forcible and dramatic. His speech at the meeting of the Maryland State Temperance Alliance in Baltimore, in April, 1883, made a very favorable impression on his hearers. The candidate of the Prohibition party for President in 1872 was James Black, of Lancaster, Pa. His total vote was 5,308. Their candidate in 1870 was Green Clay Smith, and in 1880 was Neal Dow, of Maine. Antartic Eploration.?For some reason the Antarctic regions have been comparatively neglected by explorers, while expedition after expedition has essayed to penetrate the mysterious regions of the frozen North. But now, Baron Nordenskjold, not satisfied with the laurels gained by his trip along the northern coasts of Europe and Asia, proposes to lead an exploring party as far as possible toward the Southern Pole. His estimate of the expenses to be incurred is $1,000,000 a part of which will be defrayed by Spain. It is not easy to appreciate the motives that prompt this new undertaking. Unlike the northern, the southern ends of the continent are washed by open water, and at no time is it impossible for ships to pass freely from ocean to ocean. This much has been long established, and regular highways of commerce exist around both the southern capes. It is of course possible to demonstrate the character of the supposed ? j.?i: a: a i?a :a ? ^a ? av.nf clUULlllC UUiiHIIL'llI, uut it id nut uuai tuai | any discoveries in this direction will be of advantage to science, or will add materially to the present stock of general knowledge. In short there is no especial reason why an undertaking attended with so much risk should be encouraged. The distinguished father of the idea is the only person who would benefit by its successful completion, and even he only to the extent of some empty honors added to those he has fairly earned. There was a purpose to be accomplished by the voyage of the Lena. In that case commerce was to be benefitted by possible proof of the practicability of certain routes. IJut the projected expedition to the no-man's land of the southern hemisphere has no such recommendation, and it is to hoped that, however disappointing such a result will be to Nordenskjold, the enterprise will fall through. The world is tired of continual sacrifices to. the insatiable Moloch of the frozen zones. Cost of Matches.?"That match you are lighting your cigar with is a very small thing, isn't it?" said a passenger to one who had shared the seat for a few miles. "A small thing, but you wouldn't believe that the American people paid 827,000,000 for matches last year, would you ? There are 50,000,000 of people in this country; they use on an average five matches each per day ; that is 250,000,000 matches per day, or 2,500,000 boxes of 100 matches in a box, every day. Last year these boxes retailed at an average of three cents each, making $75,000 a day for matches, or $27,375,000 a year. And then think that three-fourths of all these matches were supplied by one company. If they didn't make $8,000,000 clear profit out of it they didn't make a cent." The harvest day of the match monopoly iis of or, nnrl oc fhmr rir> lnnrror lieivn il (rnu. IO uv (iU V.HU, ?.W WIIVJ 11V IVIJbv? v ? 0w T | eminent revenue tax levied for their benefit. But they still control the trade on account of their superior manufacturing facilities, capital, etc. They own thousands of icres of timber land in Michigan, and their lumber is cut by their own men andshipped an their own boats. And then they nave contracted for nearly all the world's supply )f phosphorous years ahead, and the new manufacturers starting into the business find themselves overmatched in every way by the old monopoly, which can still control die trade, and make a fair profit on its investments. They controlt wenty-two factories, and one of them has a capacity of 72,>00 of matches daily. Every man who strikes blows for power, for influence, for institutions, for the ight, must be just as good an anvil as he is v hammer. ; No," said a Kentuckian, "I don't vant any painting in water colors. Give em to me in oil?fusel oil. Thkt's the kind if an art connoisseur that I am." TRUE TYPES OF HEALTH. At the age of twenty-five a man should have acquired his maximum height, varying normally from five feet six inches to six feet. Iiis weight should slowly increase throughout the adult period, being: at thirty alittle less than the maximum, which should be reached at forty. The weight is very variable between normal limits ; but the average among men of medium height twenty-hve years old may be placed at about 140 pounds. The power of endurance should be greatest between twenty and thirty; that is, a man should be better able to endure hardships between twenty andthirty than at any other time of life. The system may, perhaps, bear the burden of more protracted but less vigorous exaction during the period of maturity, but intense heat or cold or short duration, and such work as lifting heavyweights, taking short but rapid runs, and, indeed every exercise which taxes severely but briefly the muscular and nervous svstem. are hest home at the adult acre. It is the same with intellectual work. Those occupations get the best start at this time of life which exercises the mind intensely byt for comparative short periods ; as for example, the inventor's, the attorney's and the novelist's while writers on any subject requiring years of labor rarely accomplish much until he is forty-five. During the period at which the life has been short but vigorous, the efforts at labor should be short but vigorous. There are people who can practice excesses with impunity, which would almost certainly produce in others severe if not dangerous illness. For example, one man may sit in a close room attired in damp clothing, or when perspiring after violent exercise, and be none tne worse for it; while another indulging such a practice reaps a whirlwind of cough, cold or asthma. Of two men, one may be exposed to infectious diseases, or to the morbific??, e., disease-producing, tendencies of swamp or sewer miasm, without experiencing any evil effects; while the other succumbs at once. This quality of withstanding disease we have named resistance ; and though its action differs almost from hour to hour in the same individual, yet at the period of life now under consideration its power is greater upon the whole than at any other. During adult age appetite should be less than at earlier and more than at later periods. It is evident to supply growth more nourishment is needed than to simply support, and to maintain the vigor or adult age more is needed than to feed the slower and less intense processes of maturity. With sleep, however, the contrary holds true, because of the greater power of endurance. But one internal process need be mentioned among the standards?namely, the pulse. This is a convenient indicator of the circulation. In rapidity the pulse decreases in a | constant diminishing ratio from infancy to old age, so that during adult life it beats normally from seventy-five to eighty times in a minute. Nantucket's Town Ciiier.?Many of the old customs which were common in New England towns are as rigidly observed in this ancient borough as in the days of yore. The nine o'clock bells are rung with clock-like regularity, and at the annual town meeting a crier is elected. For a long series of years the honor has fallen upon the shoulders of Mr. Clark?he will not answer to the name of Billy?and it could not well be more worthily bestowed. He prosecutes his duties, which are onerous enough in the summer season, with an energy that is remarkable, and is known by everybody on the island, both natives and visitors. All his spare hours he spends in the tower of the old church on the hill, spyglass in hand. When the winds of winter fairly make the cniro rnnL- onrl nroolr Clorlr'c vionla T1.V- ..,vu ,...U ^ gin with daylight and end only at sundown, lie is the first to discover a wreck upon the shoals, and announces the fact with a shrill blast from his horn; the first to sight the coming of a steamer and the first to get hold of an important bit of news and proclaim it on the streets. Sometimes he carries his fish horn, and again a big bell, as he speeds through the streets with the rapidity of a deer. At the street corners he stops, blows his horn or rings his bell, as the case may be, and, in a voice that has become cracked from constant usage, fcries the announcement of a wreck, the death of a Nantucketer, an entertainment at the town hall, an auction sale of corned beef in the street or the news of the day. He turns many an honest penny in the course of a day, and yet he performs much work for which he receives no pay. No person or object of interest begins to excite as much interest, and this singular, bustling individual appreciates the honor in his peculiar way ?Nantucket Letter in Troy Times. The Orange Tree.?The orange tree is the longest lived fruit tree known. It is reputed to have attained the age of three hundred years, and it is known to have flourished and borne fruit for more than a hundred years. No fruit tree will grow and produce fruit so well under rough treatment. It commences to bear the third or fourth year after budding, and by the fifth year it will produce an abundant crop, but itsy'eld will increase gradually under favorable circumstances, and as the years pass on it will become a very productive tree. The early growth of the orange is quite rapid, and by the tenth year it will have increased more than in the next fifty years, so far as its breadth and height are concerned ; but its age multiplies its fruit stems greatly, and an old tree will sometimes bear several thou1 sand oranges. ^ ? Baked Milk.?Baked milk is an admirable food for consumptive people and for most invalids. It is made in this manner: Put a quart of good milk in a stone jar ; cover with writing paper, tied down. Leave in a moderately hot oven for eight or ten hours, till it has the consistence of cream. The amount of nourishment to be derived from it is marvellous. It most closely resembles condensed milk and does not differ much from a milk-rice pudding, the rice being a nice and digestible addition. This reminds us to say to many anxious inquirers that the perfect cure for the inveterate habit of constipation is simply to live on wheaten groats and any kind of fruit. We have never known a case which this diet failed to cure.?Dr. Nichols. Ancient Violins.?It is singular that the best violins were made before there were any great players or any very good violin music for them to plav. Corelli's and Biber's works for violin's which are the first works of the kind with any musical interest or expressiveness in them, were not before the world till after 1680 ; and Gasparo da Salo was out of the world by about 1610, and Maggini by 1680. Nicholas Amati? createst of the name?must have nearly fin ished his work when Corelli began, for he died in 1084 ; Antonio Stradivari, the greatest of them all, was Corelli's contemporary, but he did a great deal of his work before Corelli's time. 4 t What Bricks Do.?It has been stated by Captain Galton, in his work on "Healthy Dwellings," that a new house, containing 100,000 bricks (each brick sucking up from 7 to 10 per cent, of its weight of water), contains, at a reasonable calculation, 10,000 gallons of'water in it. All this quantity of water has to be removed by evaporation, and the rabidity of this process will depend on the tension of the vapor at a given temperature. The rate of transmission of heat through building materials depends upon their texture and composition. JtSr Time is an estate which will produce nothiug without cultivation, but will always abundantly repay the labors of industry and generally satisfy the most extensive desires, if no part of it be suffered to lie waste by negligence, to be overrun with noxious plants, or laid out for show rather than for use.