Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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lewis m. grist, proprietor, j An litkjpbcnf Jamil]) Itetosppcr: Jfor % ^proinofioix of % ^oli&al, Social Agricultural anb Commercial Interests of t|e Soutj). |terms--$2.50 a tear, in advance. VOL. 30. YORKYILLE, S. O., THURSDAY, JTTLY 24, 1884. IsTO. 3Q. Idler. HIS AWFUi. MISTAKE. Dr. Wilfred Atkinson and Dr. Frederick Read sat in a pleasant room in a city hotel, chatting confidentially. Both were young, somewhere between twenty-five and thirty, and both were enthusiastic students of the noble profession of medicine. They had become intimate at college, and a strong friendship existed that had known no jar or break. It was Fred Read who said: "You will accept this offer?" "Accept it ?" cried his friend. "I should think so. It is what I want most in the world. You see, I have always been more interested in the study of insanity than in any other form of disease, and to be resident physician in an asylum, where I have only made weekly visits, gives me opportunity for study that I could never have elsewhere." "Yes; I know all that, but it will be very confining. I think I prefer general practice, after all. But you may expect to see me "ftan Hftiv T shn.ll miss vou. old fellow !" Viwtl* ^ J And then the talk drifted into other channels, until Dr. Atkinson discovered that it v was time for his train to L , where his new home and field of duty lay. "You will come over often," he urged, in parting from his friend; "and if I am busy or away, make yourself at home. The grounds are large, and very pleasant, and if you meet any of the patients, be sure those who are allowed to roam about inside the walls are harmless. Some of them are absolutely sane on every point but one; touch that, and off they go. But the eyes tell the story." "Yes, it is hard to hide it there." "And contradiction brings out the truth. As long as the delusions are humored they are generally amiable enough, but once cross them?whew!" MI shall come over often and hear the results of your experience. My enormous practice takes about three hours a day." In pursuance of this promise, Dr. Read took tne train about once a week, and spent an hour or two with his friend, finding him generally busy, as his duties included a general superintendence of the asylum, and details that were quite independent of professional work. But Fred, as he became more familiar with the place, began to share his friend's interest in the study of mental disorders, and would often spend hours roaming through the wards and grounds, with only a few words to Dr. Atkinson. It was when June was young, and the air soft and pleasant, that Dr. Read, strolling about in the prettiest part of the grounds, saw a lady in a summer house, whose face attracted him at once. It was a very pale face, and the large dark eyes were languid, while the slender figure seemed weak, as if from recent illness. But.it was, too, a beautiful young face, . shaded by waving brown hair, and with purely oval outline and regular features. "A new patient," was Fred's mental exclamation. "What a lovely face!" Then he sauntered over to the summerhouse and spoke to the lady. To his consternation, sne starciea, gave a 3 quick gasping sob, and fainted. It was not a very long insensibility, and under Fred's prompt treatment, the large eyes opened, and she whispered: "Oh, I am so sorry to trouble you! But I have been very ill, and you startled me." "I was very much to blame," he said penitently, "and I hope you will pardon me. Are you well enough now for me to ruu up to the house for a glass of wine?" "I am well enough, but I do not need it;" and she sat up again, and took up a piece of needle-work that had dropped from her hands. Her fingers still trembled, and a pretty flush came a moment iuto her pale face as she said: "Are you one of the physicians here?" ' "Only by courtesy," he replied. "I have the run of the place; but Dr. Atkinson is the physician. Old Dr. Hare is the head doctor, but he does very little." "Yes, I know! It is a lovely place, is it not ? Out here, I mean! Inside," and she shuddered, "the sounds are often dreadful. But the doctor at home thought a change of air would be good for me, and so mamma sent me here." "Change of air!" thought Fred. "Poor little thing! Quite unconscious of her infirmity." And he chatted away with her, discussing the weather, the beauty of the grounds, the songs of the birds in the trees around them, and so gradually drifting to books, to comparisons of opinion and criticism. And all through a delightful hour Fred vainly tried to discover the one point upon which the new patient was insane. Whatever it was, it evaded him, and he looked as vainly for any wandering or vacancy in the soft brown eyes that met his own, full of intelligence. They were still conversing when one of the nurses came down the path leading to the summer house. "Miss Bessie," she said, "Dr. Atkinson sent me to say you had better lie down now for an hour or two, and he has sent some medicine to your room. Let me help you ?" Dr. Read, being a physician, made no attempt to detain the fair patient, noting with siucere sympathy how weak she was, and how wearily she leaned upon the nurse's strong arm. He did not fbel inclined to have any jesting about his interest, such as his friend was wont to indulge in when ladies were the subject, so he said nothing of his experience, and joined Dr. Atkinson in his "rounds" without hinting at any desire to see one especial patient?a desire not gratified, for there were only familiar faces in the wards. But the summer-house was soon found to be Miss Bessie's resort. It was in a secluded part of the grounds, shaded by a thick clump of trees, and provided with a rustic table and comfortable chairs. Here the young girl made a cosy nest for herself, and the place looked homelike with her workbasket, her books, knitting, or sketch-book, her cushions and footstool. "The doctor said I must be in the open air as much as possible," she told Fred one day, "and as no one seems to care much for this summer-house, I have appropriated it. Sometimes I have visitors," and her face saddened, "the poor patients here, you know, but they do not Jike the quiet, and soon leave me to myself." She never classed herself with her companions, Fred noticed, often speaking pityingly of those more heavily afflicted. But this phase of mental delusion was very common. But Fred had not, when July closed, found out the delusion of the sweet little girl he called "Miss Bessie." She had gained perfect health in the two months of quiet and open air; but while her eyes had lost their weary expression, they never started or wandered,-out were always steadily tranquil, or lighted only by the animation natural to interesting conversation. In these two months Fred had scarcely seen I)r. Atkinson. His superior in office, Dr. Hare, had gone away for a summer vacation, and a new wing was being added to the building. With the entire care of the house and the patients, the direction of the workmen, the work of selecting furniture, carpets and other necessaries for the new building, the resident physician had scarcely a moment to call his own, and Fred frequently did not see him at all during his visit. It was in July that Dr. Read suddenly woke to the appalling conviction that he was deeply in love with the inmate of a lunatic asylum. He had deluded himself with the thought that it was pity, professional interest, even curiosity, that drew him again and again to the summer-house, where he was sure to meet a warm if shy welcome, and where the hours flew by in utter content. But so simple a matter as the reading of a poem had opened his eyes to the truth. It had become quite a common thing for him tor'ead scraps of newspaper intelligence, little bits from one of the books on the table, or a selection from a favorite work he brought with him, while Bessie sewed or knitted and listened to him. And on this particular July day he had read a little love-poem nestled in the corner of a newspaper. It was not a wonderful production of genius, but it was pretty and tender. Looking up, Fred saw a pair of blushing cheeks, downcast eyes, trembling fingers, and his heart stood still. He read th*? truth in a flash, lie loved the lovely girl oefore him, and she?alas! she returned his love. His first feeling was one of keen selfreproach. What if he had added to the mental infirmity that had caused this beautiful young creature to be sent to an asylum? Would she forget him,or?dreadful possibility ! would tne whole reason give way ii lie ucoci icu nei He scarely knew how he reached home ; but once there he sat down and looked the situation squarely in the face. His own share- of the affliction he put aside for the present. He was a man, and ho could bear his trouble manfully. That he loved, where his love must die, was, in a great measure, his own fault and folly ; but that he had won a Euro sweet heart, only to wound it, caused im bitter pain and regret. Long meditation brought him to one resolution : He must see Dr. Atkinson make a clear confession and have his opinion of the danger to be anticipated. "He knows where the weakness I have to discover lies," Fred thought, "and he can tell me whether it is safest to break off mv visits suddenly or gradually." It was not an easy matter to catch Dr. Atkinson, or, having caught him, to secure his attention, out something in Fred's troubled face aroused his friend's anxiety, and he turned his back for the time upon his manifold duties and shut himselt in his private office with Fred. At first he listened gra vely enough, but as Fred proceeded his face became more and more amused, until, to the consternation of the penitent speaker, he threw himself back in his chair, and broke into a roar of laughter. "Oh," Fred said, "it is funny is it ? I do not see it in that light. Even if this poor girl is insane " "Stop !" interrupted his friend ; "don't get angry, my dear fellow. You really love er, you say?" But Fred was too angry to answer. "And she loves you?at least, you think so?and you want to know if it is a curable case, and?Well, I will not torment you any more. Your charmer, Fred, is not a patient, nor, as far as I know, a lunatic." Fred gave a long sigh, but only looked his eager questions. 1 "She is my sister, Bessie Atkinson, who has had a long winter of illness from typhoid fever, and is paying me a visit. I thought she was quite safe from intrusion in that summer-house, as the attendants have orders to keep the patients away from there, and I did not think of you. But since you have been prowling around so long, perhaps you had better come now and be introduced in form." "One moment, Will. I have been a pupEy, it seems, in taking her love for granted; ut if I have won it?" "I am her eldest brother, and her father died years ago. I am quite sure that what 11 approve, my mother will sanction, and you must know nothing could please me better than to know Bessie has a lover I esteem so highly as I do you !" "And you will not tell her?will you, my awful mistake ?" "I can't promise. I'll try to keep the secret, but," and the doctor roared again, "The idea of Bess as a raging lunatic! Well, there, I won't tell her, at all events, until you have told her something far more interesting." And he kept his word so loyally that Bessie Atkinson had been Be^ie Read more than a year before she knew that her husband had ever considered heran interesting patient iu a lunatic asylum. mmmmmammmmmmmmM THE ABSENT-MINDED. A gentleman, while in church, intending to scratch his head, in a mental absence reached over into the next pew and scratched the head of an old maid. He discovered his mistake when she sued him for a breach of promise of marriage. Another gentleman had a bad memory, i A friend, knowing this, lent him the same j book seven times over; and being asked afI terward how he liked it, replied: "I think it an admirable production; but j the author sometimes repeats the same 1 things." The author of the ".Spiritual Treasury," I while engaged in that work, was called upon j by a gentleman 011 business. Instead of taj king his name and address, as desired, and I as he thought he had done, he wrote the j chapter and verse on which he had been ! meditating; and when he came afterward to look at the paper, in order to wait upon the gentleman, he found nothing upon it but "Acts the second, verse the eighth." At a wedding, not long since, one of the guests, who sometimes was a little absentminded, observed, gravely: "I have often remarked that there have been more women than men married this year." ! Robert Simpson, the Scottish mathematician, was noted for his absent-mindedness. He used to sit at his open window on the | ground-floor, deep in geometry, and when accosted by a beggar, would arouse himself, 1 hear a few words of the story, make his doI nation and resume his study. Some wags, ! one day, stopped a mendicant on his way to j the window, with: "Now, do as we tell you, and you will get ! something from that gentleman, and a shil| ling from us besides. He will ask who you i are, and you will say, Robert Simson, son of j John Simpson, of Kirktonhill." The man did as he was told; Simson gave i him a coin, and dropped off. He soon ! roused himself, and said: "Robert Simson, son of John Simson, of Kirktonhill! Why, that is myself! That i man must be an impostor!" Doctor Campbell, the author of the "Sur: vey of Great Britain," was so absent-mind: ed that, looking into a pamphlet at a bookseller's he liked it so well that he purchased ! it, and it was not until he had read it half : through that he discovered it to be his own ! composition. Adam Smith, the distinguished philoso| pher, was remarkable for absence of mind, j As an anecdote of this peculiarity, it is re! lated of him that, having, one Sunday 1 morning, walked into his garden at Kirki alady dressed in little more than his night! wnivn ho prarluallv fell into a reverie, from which he did not awaken till he found him| self in the streets of Dunfermline, a town at least twelve miles off. He had, in reality, trudged along the I king's highway all that distance in the pur! suit of a certain train of ideas, and he was i only eventually stopped in his progress by I the bells of Dunfermline, which happened i at the time to be ringing the people to ! church. His appearance in a,crowded church, on a Scotch Sunday morning, without clothes, is I left to the imagination of the reader. A strangely absent-minded person one day had a party coming to dinner, and just before their arrival he went up-sfcairs to change his dress. He forgot all about them, thought it was bed-time, and got into bed. A servant, who entered his room to tell him his guests were waiting for him, found him fast asleep. Ibe fkfiou's Cbditc. ! THE DEMOCRATIC NOMINEES. GROVER CLEVELAND. SKETCH OE THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE FOR THE PRESIDENCY. Stephen Grover Cleveland's political career disproves a preconceived idea that new men have no chance in National politics. When the last Presidential election was held this man was a plain citizen of Buffalo, New York, unknown, either as a professional man or a politician one hundred miles from that city. But a rapid course of events brought him rapidly to the front, and each advancement proved that i he had the ability and character to adapt himself to all the requirements of his new surroundings. His career, like that of the eminent statesman 01 wnora it may ue siuu he is the "residuary legatee," the illustrious Samuel J. Tilden, proves that men of strong sense, who have always maintained an intelligent and active interest in politics, may safely be entrusted with great responsibilities without previous experience in holdingoffice, if they are thoroughly grounded in honesty. The obvious result of making politics and public office purely business enterprises is that the public derives the advantage of all the business experience and common sense of the person so engaged. Thus something of surprise is expressed when men of Governor Cleveland's stamp spring up with apparent spontaneity and prove successful in politics. They are taken up without effort on their own part. Many times they are forced to positions of honor and responsibility by events over which they have slight control. Public or party exigencies, the opportunity to make a striking record, the manifestation of a strong reserve power, enable them to seize and use the occasion for their own and the public benefit. This is the secret of Governor Cleveland's rapid rise over the heads of men grown gray in party and public service. Governor Cleveland's family was of New England origin, from the neighborhood of Haddam, Connecticut, and for many generations have not failed, after the old-time .New England style, to produce a Congregational minister. The Governor's father was graduated from Yale College in 1824, removing soon after to Baltimore, where he married and entered the Presbyterian ministry. He removed soon after to Caldwell, Essex county, New Jersey, where he labored for several years. Here the son, Grover Cleveland, was born, March 18,1837. lie lias only tne most snauowy recollections of it, for when he was three years of age his father, with a large family and a small salary, moved to Fayetteville, in the State of New York, in search of an increased income and a larger field of work. Fayetteville was their the most straggling of country villages?about five miles from Poinpey 'Hill, where Governor Seymour j? was born. Here the boy Grover Cleveland, I first went to school, in the good old fashioned way and presumably distinguished himself, after the manner of all viilage boys, in doing all the things that he ought not to do. One j thing appears to be indisputable. He, at | the age of fourteen, had outgrown the caI pacity of the village school and expressed a I most emphatic desire to be sent to an acadeJ my. To this his lather as emphatically objected. Academies, in those days, cost money. Besides, the elder Cleveland wan ted the lad to become self-supporting by the quickest possible road. The quickest possible road in Fayetteville was the country store, where the pastor with a large family had considerable personal influence. Fifty dollars was to be paid the boy the first year, and if he proved trustworthy he was to receive $100 the second year. There is a tradition comes from Fayetteville, not at all ill-defined, that young Cleveland in two years proved himself so trustworthy that his employers used all their eloquence to get him to stay on indefinitely. The removal of the elder Cleveland to Clinton, however, gave Grover the long-wishedfor opportunity to attend a high school, and he nursued his studies industriouslv until the family moved upon the Black River, fifteen miles north of Utiea. The elder Cleveland preached but three Sundays in this place, when he suddenly died. This event produced the usual break-up of the family, and we next hear of young Grover setting.out for New York City to accept, at a small salary, the position of under teacher in an asylum for the blind. He stayed there two years, and it has been found possible to discover the same indellible record of hard work, faithfully performed and well reI membered by those who were cognizant of , it, and who are still alive. From tending ; country store to teaching the blind is a long ! way on the road of self-discipline. But to i teach he did not believe was his mission, i and consequently at the expiration of two i years he abandoned it and literally started out to seek his fortune?only reversing the usual order, and instead of going to a great city, he left it. Ilis first idea was to goto Cleveland, but his uncle, Lewis F. Allan, a | noted stock breeder, lived at Buffalo, and he ! went straight to him for ad vice and guidance. The uncle did not speak enthusiastically, i "What is ic you want to do, my boy ?" he j asked. I "Well, sir, I want to study law." "Goodgracious," remarked theold gentleman. "Do you indeed ? What ever put that into your head? How much money have you got ?" To tell the truth he hadn't got any. "See here," said the uncle, after a long consultation, "I want somebody to get up my herd-book this year. You come and stay with me and help me and I'll give you $50 for the year's work and you can look round." Here it is that we find the American boy now annotating short horns out at Black Rock, quite two miles from Buffalo. But he kept his eye out for a chance to enter a law office while he was editing the stock book, and one day he walked boldly into the rooms of Messrs. Rogers, Bowen it Rogers, and told what he wanted. There were a number of young men in the place already. ; But young Cleveland's persistency won, and he was finally permitted to come as an office boy and have the use of the law library. For this he received the nominal sum of $3 or $4 a week, out of which he had to pay his board and washing. The walk to and from his uncle's was a long and at that : time a rugged one. The first winter was a memorably severe one, and his shoes wrere broken, and he had no overcoat. But he never intermitted a day. It began to be noticed that he was the most punctual and regular of the lads in the office. Often at night he was compelled to stand by the warm chimney in the loft where he slept and dry his feet after tramping the two miles through the snow. Thic imr?\7nn + fiil nnn'nit r>f f JrnvOP land's life, so devoid of adventure and barren of romance, was the period at which all the forces of his later life were gestating. The privations and miseries of a penniless novitiate gave way slowly before his determined assiduity and pluck. He tells in his ; own way with a beaming, reminiscent i humor of the first honor that came to him I when his uncle, in getting out the second | volume of his "Breed Book," announced to I him that the intended toackowledgein it his valuable assistance. But these privations I and miseries, it may readily be seen by the I temperament of the man, were only so many stimuli. Ilis was not the hypersensitive nature that winced and wore under physical discomforts. CROVER CLEVELAND. "See here," said his uncle to him one bit-; ter December night when the lad had walked out to Black Rock through the sleet and snow : "This is pretty cold weather for you to be traveling without an overcoat." "Oh," saysthe young man, "I'm going to buy one when I earn tne money." "Why, i'ook at your feet; they must be | oonninr* O^i ) 7 | Vll . "Oh, that's nothing. I'm getting some j coppying to do now and I'll have a pair of boots by and by." In those days boys had to demonstrate what was in them before they received j many favors. "You just go right over there to the tail-1 or's and get the stoutest overcoat he's got. D'ye hear." j Very likely Grover had begun to demonstrate what was in him, but whether to the mind of the uncle it was a capacity for compiling herd books or the capacity to contain Blackstone cannot now be learned. Four years in the office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers as a student equipped him with sufficient elementary knowledge and experience to become managing clerk at the end of that time. And so four years more pass. In 1863 the question of who should be appoi nted Assistant District Attorney for the county of Erie was warmly discussed by the young lawyers in Messrs. Rogers and Bowen's offices. There were several that were both elligible and anxious, but it does not appear that young Cleveland advanced his own claims. Indeed, it is a fact that after the matter had been pretty well canvassed they all agreed that he was the person that ought to have it, and they urged him to accept it. This simple incident speaks volumes for the already developed character of the young man. He was appointed and from that moment his public record began. During the three years that he was in the District Attorney's office the great bulk of its duties fell upon his shoulders, and then it was that his enormous vital strength and tireless industry made themselves felt. So well and faithfully had he conducted the affairs of the county, that at the end of three years, which brings our narrative up to I860, he was nominated by the Democrats for the District Attorneyship. In the canvass that followed, he was beaten by the Republican candidate, Lyman K. Bass. rr: ~? 1 QCICi urhon 1m J.11S 11UA b VtMllUlU >ViW III AUWc/J H iivu nv made a successful race for sheriff of Erie county, the duties of which office he discharged with customary faithfulness. The interim from 18G5 to his election to the office of sheriff was devoted to the practice of the law. When his term of office as sheriff ended, he turned his attention to the practice of his profession. lie took an interest, but no part in politics until 1881, when his neighbors, casting about for a strong and available man to nominate for Mayor, pitched upon him. Buffalo was not a great city,'but in the matter of municipal corruption and combinations it could have given points to others with many times its number of people. It was ring-ridden. Its revenues were stolen or wasted and no Mayor had been found for many years who had at once the ability and the boldness necessary to attack these abuses. But G rover Cleveland, elevated to this position by a majority of 5,000, entered cheerfully and earnestly upon his work. He had not sought the position. lie had not been an active political worker in the accepted sense of that word. lie knew nothing about the manipulation of caucuses and conventions. He was connected with no halls or other organizations for extorting public plunder from the officers chosen by the popular voice, and his political experience had been confined to a single term in the comparatively unimportant office of sheriff of the county eleven years before. But he succeeded where other men had faltered or failed. And what was the secret of th is success? Itwassimply duetothe fact that the day he became Mayor of Buffalo in name he also became Mayor in fact. He did not enter upon its duties to register the edicts of a party caucus or to obey the orders of party bosses, lie looked upon the office of Mayor as a business agency of the people or his city. He attacked corrupt combinations in a manner which soon convinced the trading members of a City Council that he understood each item of a bill and that he had determined to reject all corrupt or unnecessary expenditures and administer the city business as faithfully as if it were his own. He used the veto power with intelligent persistence. Schemes conferring special privileges or making unwise, extravagant or sentimental appropriations or for unnecessarily increasing offices, were relentlessly slaughtered. The people of Buffalo, accustomed to the waste and profligacy incident to municipal government, discovered that they had at last found a man who looked upon office as something more than a mere play-spell or an opportunity to reward his friends, and they noised his fame abroad. They made such a showing and so successfully convinced the Democrats of the state of their earnestness and the worth of their man that Mr. Cleveland was nominated for Governor over well-known and active competitors. His reputation, merely local as it had been, was still found quite large enough to spread out over a State. The campaign was remarable even for New York, with its astonishing and kaleidiscopic changes in politics. Many of the leading Republicans of the State ranged themselves on the side of Cleveland's candidacy. The independent element of all parties came to his support; factions in his own party disappeared, and the resulting majority of one hundred and ninety-two thousand, the larg" '* ? ? ' <"? i-wliAfr* fr\r* riA\mt?nnv ill UVUl <V UIIIU1UCUV 1UI vjiw ? 4.w* . any State in the Union, carried Mr. Cleveland into the Governorship. Thustheplain, plodding1 citizen of Buffalo, whose capacity was neither generally known nor suspected outside the limits of his community, became one of the leading men of the country in less than a year after he had emerged from his hiding-place. As Governor he has carried out the simple business policy he had inaugurated and adhered to as Mayor. His first message was rather halting. It was evident that he scarcely felt sure of his ground. The interests of the State of New York were large and extensive and as he had never been called upon to make a special study of them the easy and nonchalant dogmatism so common to Gubernatorial messages was lacking. But when it came to action he made no serious misstep. He watched the course of the Legislature closely and pruned its work mercilessly. He exercised the veto power with a wise discretion and was especially intelligent and watchful in all legislation relating to municipal affairs. Before the session was half over he had secured the ill THOMAS A. HENDRICKS. ; will of the New York city managers in his own party, but had won in return the support of the independent and reform element, regardless of political opinion. Every detail of government has been closely studied and watched. His nominations have been quite uniformly creditable, because he has consulted the efficiency of public service, not the whims or demands of insignificant politicians. He has dealt openly I and above board. Because Governor Cleveland took no ac tive part in politics until recently, the conclusion must not be jumped at that he came into office a mere tyro. He was little accustomed to making speeches and writing letters on public questions, but when he began it was with some purpose. Appreciation of the business side of office and politics has been a marked feature of his utterances. In his inaugural address as Mayor of Buffalo he took strong and decided grounds in favor of retrenchment and reform in the expenditure of the city's finances, and his remarkable utterances on this occasion and the fidelity with which he kept his pledges and discharged his public duties first attracted to him the admiration of the entire people of his State and laid the foundation for his election to the office of Governor, the duties of which he is now discharging to the satisfaction of all parties. Governor Cleveland's rank at the bar is a high one. He is careful aud methodical as a business man, which united to his faculty of going to the bottom of all questions, gives him tlrc principal elements essential to success in his profession. He presents his case well and closely, whether the argument is made before a court or a jury, but does not indulge in any exhibition of pyrotechnics. His vocabulary is ample but not overwhelming or exhaustive, as is so often the case with professional legal talkers. He is a hard worker, and a large, reliable and commanding practice is his reward. Governor Cleveland is a large man, somewhat above the medium height, with a strong though not a particularly striking face. He has dark, penetrating eyes and heavy eyebrows. His movements are deliberate and dignified, but devoid of the i heaviness which sometimes accompanies men of his type. He is not a rich man, in spite of his frugal bachelor habits. He does much free legal work for poor clients and has a way of assisting them, which, though most creditable to his conscience, does not put money in his purse. He is also a liberal benefactor of all the charities of Buffalo, a city peculiarly active in this work. Governor Cleveland's strength as a candidate is due to his strong conservatism, his unsullied character, his sympathy with straightforward business methods in politics, his exceptional standing with the independent, reform element the country over and in his ability to inspire people with the belief that he may be trusted to do nothing for purely partisan purposes. Few men unite in themselves so many considerations of fitness and expediency. If elected he mav hn trustor! to avnose iobs. torn out and keep out thieves and give the country a manly, conservative administration. THOMAS A. HENDRICKS, THE DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE FOR VICEPRESIDENT. In nominating Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana, for the Vice-Presidency, the Democratic party has done its best to insure the electoral vote of his StAte, which went Republican four years ago, and has renewed public interest in "the old ticket" of 1876. There, are, besides, strong reasons in Mr. Hendricks' record why his party should do him honor. lie was born in Ohio on the 7th of September 1819. He was graduated from South Hanover College in that State in 1840, when he removed to Chambersburg, Penn., and began the study of law. Three years later he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of his profession in Indiana. His career opened auspiciously and in a few years he became a lawyer of excellent standing. In 1848 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1850 was a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention. The next year he was elected to the House of Representatives, and in 1853 his term expired. He was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office by President Pierce, and from this on he has been one of the most important political characters in Indiana. In 1860 he ran for Governor against Henry S. Lane, and was defeated. He was ck'cted to the Lnited States Senate ; in 1803 for the long term. Here he won con- j siderable distinction as a debater and served j with marked ability in the Committees on Claims, Public Jiuildings and Grounds, the Judiciary, Public Lands and Naval j Affairs. After leaving the Senate in 1809, j he practiced law in Indianapolis until 1872. i He was then made the candidate for Gover-1 nor of the State, and was elected by a ma-j jority of 1,148. His name was presented to the Democratic National Convention in 1808 as candidate . for the presidency, and he would no doubt i have received the nomination but for the Ohio delegates, who, by persistently voting for Horatio Seymour, finally caused a stampede in his favor. The friends of Mr. Hendricks have always insisted that the nomi- j nation would have ensured a Democratic victory. Again, in 1872, he was proposed as a candidate in the Democratic National Convention, and but for the unexpected fusions of that time, he would probably have ' been the nominee of his party. lie was j nominated for Vice-President in 187(1, and i since that memorable contest his profession- j al duties have engrossed the greater part of his attention, varied with European travel, of which his interesting accounts have ap- j pearedin newspapers. Mr. Hendricks is a skillful public speakerand a learned lawyer,' and his services as a statesman give him an j honorable position among public men. He was married near Cincinnati on the '2">th of Sentember. 184o. to Miss F.Iiza C. Morgan, by whom lie had one son, born in 1848, but who lived to be only three years of age. This was the only child, and its death greatly affected the father, lie was nurtured in the Presbyterian faith, and was a member of that communion until the organization of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in Indianapolis, in the year 18G2, when he became a member of that parish and was elected Senior Warden. Few men have greater personal popularity than Mr. Hendricks. Ileis genial, kindly, always true to his friends, and without being a professional mixer or a demagogue, possesses those qualities which give men a strong hold 011 the people. lie is the leader of the bar in his State and one of the most engaging stump-speakers in the country. LETTER FROM BELFAST: THE PAN-PRESBYTERIAN COUNCIL. Pecullarities of different Nationalities Composing the Council, and the Peculiar Methods of Conducting its Business?Irish Methodism as Contrasted with American Orthodoxy?A Visit to the Giant's Causeway?Cities and Towns?A Distinction without a Difference?Prom Belfast to Bangor?An Historical Spot of Interest to Americans. I'oyespomleiire of the Yorkville EiU|iiira\ Belfast, Ireland, July 2.?It is not possible for any one to give within any reasonable space, even a synopsis of the proceedings of the Pan-Presbyterian Council. The sessions of the Council are two?the morning session, from 10 A. M., to 4 30 P. M.; the evening session, from 7 P. M. to 11 P. M. The mornine- session is devoted mainlv to the rending of papers, while the discussion ] of these papers is reserved for the evening session. Only a few individuals participate in these discussions. The Scotch delegates have, perhaps, the greatest fondness for making speeches. Generally, they are intensely dull. They all, as a rule, speak very low, hum and haw, as if they did not know what to say, and at the same time nod, turn around and bow, as if they thought every body was listening to them or ought to listen. Besides this, their dialect is simply awful. Some of the Scotch delegates are men of world-wide reputation, and some of them are men of profound and extensve learning; but as a rule they are miserably poor speakers. The Irish delegates are generally men of as great learning as the Scotch, and they are far better speakers. It is evident that the Scotch-Irish are superior, in nearly every thing, to the Scotch. In the American delegates there is more fire, more push, more aggressiveness, than in either the Scotch or Irish. Only a few of the American delegates say anything. Those who do speak, always deliver themselves with ease and power. The Moderator of the Council is changed at each sitting. This is, perhaps, the best arrangement, on the whole, that could be adopted; but it is defective, in that the Moderator is not permitted to learn bv ex perieuce. With the Scotch and Irish Presbyterians it is regarded as a very great honor to be chosen the Moderator of an ecclesiastical meeting. In America, until recently, not much importance was attached to the position. It is an admitted fact that the American delegates make, by far, the best presiding officers. This, no doubt, is accounted for by the fact that public meetings in which all classes of society participate, are of more frequent occurrence in America than in any country in the world. In America the people govern and control every thing. There are some practices in the Council, which, to a man born and bred in the Southern States, is distasteful even to disgust. Those who address the Council are required ! to do so from the platform on which are ! seated the Moderator, clerks, and chairman of the business committee. This platform is reached by a flight of steps in tne rear. So soon as the speaker presents himself on the platform he is cheered most loudly, and if the speaker is some man ofnotethecheering is prolonged for a considerable time. If the speaker is so fortunate as to say something that is endorsed, he is cheered again. The cheering' is done by clapping the hands, by beating the floor with the end of an umbrella, walking-stick, or anything that will make a noise. The whole thing is ill-timed and out-of-place. To any individual who has even moderate respect for God's house, boisterous cheering appears irreverant. Some of the delegates have a custom which is absolutely disgusting. It is this: When a speaker is not distinctly heard, which by the way is the rule, those delegates who are from the British Isles make a loud hissing noise by blowing the breath out of their mouths. The noise sounds exactly like that of a goose when warning intruders to keep away from her goslings. When I first heard it I thought some persons were hissing the speaker, but discovering that the speaker was not disconcerted by it, but rather encouraged, I concluded that they were possibly taking snuff. The custom, habit or practice or whatever it is, cnnmc \\& r?r*nfinorl flm Qr>rv+/?V? onrl fiMch lAIkJ ivy IL/Vy VViilllll/U IV HIV UV.VIV1I (11JU -Jl 1 A OA A delegates. On Wednesday a deputation from the Wesleyan Conference, now in session in Belfast, was received by the Pan-Presbyterian Council. Several speeches were made by members of the deputation, and a reply to all of them by the Moderator of the Council, Rev. Dr. Hays, of America. All the speeches were good, especially the reply by the Moderator. Irish Methodism is very different from American Methodism. Irish soil is not so well adapted to its growth. The Wesleyan delegates to the Pan-Presbyterian Council lauded and extolled the works of Boston and Erskine to a greater extent that I ever heard them lauded and extolled by members of the Associate Reformed Synod of the South. In fact, one would have concluded, from their speeches, that they were not only good Presbyterians, but good Seceders. In fact, 1 am convinced that the Wesleyan Church of Ireland adheres more closely to the consensus of the Reformed Churches than do several of the so called Presbyterian Churches of Scotland. The subject which produced the longest and the most earnest and the most exciting discussion was 011 the admission of the Cumberland Presbyterians as members of the Council. After a debate of several hours, the report was amended so as to virtually disapprove of what the Cumberland Presbyterian Church has done in eliminating Calvinism from their Confession of Faith. The report of the committee was amended so as to read "that the Cumberland Presbyterian Church be admitted without approving of the proposed revision." The vote stood for the amendment 112, and 74 for the original motion, which was to admit the Cumberland Presbyterian Church without pronouncing any judgment upon the new Confession of Faith. On Saturday, June the 28th, the Council, as a whole, visited Tonduf and the Giant's Causeway. They were accompanied by several hundred friends. Theday was spent very pleasantly, and to most of us it was a day full of wonders. The Giant's Causeway is one of the most wonderful sights to be seen on the globe. Some time, when I have more time, I may attempt a description of it, but at present it must be passed over with a simple mention. The only accident of the day was the throwing of Itev. Dr. Wm. Irvin.of New York, from an Irish jaunting car. By the fall both bones of one leg were broken.' Otherwise he was not seriously hurt. On Sabbath all the Presbyterian pulpits in the town, and in the adjacent country, were tilled by members of the Council. To your readers it may appear strange that a place containing two hundred and twentyrive thousand inhabitants is called a town ; but such is certainly the case. The distinction between a town and a city in the British Isles is not founded 011 the number of inhabitants, but on the fact of its having or not having a cathedral. Every place which has a cathedral, no matter how few the number of inhabitants, is called a city, and every place not having a cathedral, no matter how great the number of inhabitants, is called a town. On Tuesday a boat-ride from Belfast to Bangor was given the Council by Mr. Samuel Wilson, of Belfast. Bangor is'about ten miles in a north-eastern direction from Belfast, and is noted as the scene of the la bors of Rev. Robert Blair. Just across the Lough of Belfast from Bangor, is Carrickfergus. It was in this place that on the 10th of June, 1G42, the first Presbytery was organized in Ireland, and it was here that the Prince of Orange landed. These two events make C'arrickfergus famous among the towns of Ireland. There is a fact connected with it which makes it a place of importance to the people of the United States. It was from C'arrickfergus that the parents of Andrew Jackson emigrated to South Carolina. This makes the place one of interest to every man who loves the stairs and stripes. Xo man ever lived who more appropriately might be regarded as an exponent of American liberty than Andrew Jackson. The labors of the Pan-Presbyterian Council, have, up to this period, been very great, and good feeling and harmony prevailed to a remarkable degree. It must be admitted that there is great diversity of sentiment in the Council. There is a party which may be regarded as the lineal ecclesiastical descendants of John Knox, John Calvin and the other great leaders of the first Reformation. There is another party which may be regarded as the- antipodes of these. Between these extremes all shades of differences exist. It is very manifest that some individuals in the council are ready to ignore all creeds and confessions and "unite the whole mass of professed Christians in our organic body. This zeal for union is a zeal which would mix poison in our bread. It virtually declares that truth is a matter of minor importance compared with peace. This inverts the Bible order. In the Bible truth is first and peace second. No one can tell what great changes may be brought about by the lloly Sprit in a short time, but it is clear as day that a marked change must take place before one organic church can be organized out of material forming the Pan-Presbyterian Council. K. LATHAN. INSTRUCTION IN JOURNALISM. Cornell University, which is one of the most richly endowed institutions in the country, has undertaken to give instruction of a special character for the fitting of youn?r men for quite a number of professional and other occupations of an intellectual character. They include journalism, law, theology, engineering, architecture, agriculture, etc. The course which applies to journalism is called that of "History and Political Science," and includes a basis of the Latin language, careful instruction in the two great languages and literatures of continental Europe, moral philosophy, the philosophy of history, political economy, and a study of social and political questions. Without doubt the instruction thus afforded would equip a man for doing certain kinds of journalistic work in a very scholarly and accomplished manner. Nevertheless, the young man about to enter upon a course of preparation for a career in journalism would do well to inquire what the beginning is to be, and what kind of position would be likely to fall to him with all of this splendid equipment on his first emergence from school. If he believes that the world is waiting for him to come forth and electrify it with his opinions upon social, political and economic questions, his disappointment will be of a very sore order when he begins to look around for a vacancy. He will be fortunate indeed if he secures a position upon a paper like the Worcester Spy, the Hartford Courant, or Springfield Republican. We mention these papers because they are representative in character of the highest average attainment that journalism has yet reached in this country, since it can be said that they are not excelled even by the great dailies of the metropolitan cities. Here he would not be long in learning that there was no market for his investments in political economy and social science. He would be much more likely to find himself assigned to work of which he hadnotgiven a moment's thought, such as the reporting of a fire, a case in the police court or a base ball match, and how great would be his disgust to learn that he would not be permitted to publish a lengthy dissertation at the end of his reports upon the moral, social or economic tendencies of the case in hand. The order to "boil it down" to a mere skeleton of fact would dissipate all his dreams of impressing the greatness of his acquirements and his thoughts upon that community. The two preferred sources from which the experienced journalist and publisher draws his corps of assistants are the college and the printing office. We know quite a number who still cling to the old-fashioned idea that the bright, intelligent boy trained to type-setting, with the advantage of such education as the High School affords, makes the best practical man of all work about the editorial sanctum. He must, of course, be gin low aown in me scaie 01 reporting, out his work obtains credit in the eyes of his employer, for he knows how to prepare his "copy," even to the placing of every comma in its right place, and he wastes no space in superfluous words. He may not be so learned in books as his college rival, but he has learned that which the other has yet to learn, by virtue of which fact he is ready to begin his work at the ri?ht place and in the right way, with a feeling of pride over his advancement, instead of humiliation at being required to accept work for which he has a very contemptible opinion. From the printers' "case" have been raised some of the ablest writers .that the American press can boast. They include Franklin, Blair, Weed, Greeley, Raymond, Forney, Hastings, Danielson and a long list of less prominent, many of whom still wield a powerful influence in moulding public opinion. It cannot be denied that, other things being equal, the better educated a man is, the more thoroughly is he equipped for journalistic work. But a few years' experience will teach him that the most valuable qualification he can possess is that of exact accuracy. It is not enough to be conscientiously truthful in a general way, for this permits a toleration of mistake. The thoroughly equipped journalist permits no mistake, especially in matters of fact. In a long newspaper career the facts with which he has to deal will be a thousand for nvorv fin!ninn tlinf will lmvn iwniainri to present. A few may look for the able editorial discussion of some political or social topic, but the masses turn from this to the pages of local or general news, and here it is that exactness is as essential as in a mathematical demonstration. And the habit of exactment finds no school for its acquirement like the printing office, where every word, every letter and every punctuation mark must be considered and given its right place. Nothing is more important to remember, by him who would succeed, that heavy editorial writing has almost become one of the lost arts, while the work of the journalist becomes every day more and more one of small details, which, thrown together, make that great budget of facts, the newspaper. Of course it is a great privilege to be able to control and direct public opinion, and the man who can do this with his pen in short, crisp articles, is an invaluable acquisition to any newspaper. But even such a man will find himself better equipped for his work if he reaches it by the route that the itemizer has to travel. And whether the aspirant comes from the case or the college. Ins path upward must be toilsome, step by step, sometimes consuming half a lifetime before he reaches the top round of the ladder. For it is a truth that the field of journalism is not a wide one, hardly wide enough to justify the formation of manyschoolsof professional training. Compare the number in this or any other averaged sized community with the multitude of lawyers, ministers, doctors, teachers, clerks, accountants, etc., who are earning comfortable incomes, and the opening for aspiring young men will at once be seen to be few. But the practical and conscientious man will succeed in the highest position, if he succeeds first in that apprenticeship which the self-important collegian usually despises.