Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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????, n,n ? ????????g? lewis m. (sbist, Proprietor, j ilit Unbcpcnknt Jfkntilg fUcfDsjajjer: jfor tfjc promotion of lljc political, Social, Agricultural aiib Commercial interests of flje Sotttlj. ] TERMS--!jS2.50 A YEAR, IN ADVANCE. VOL. 29. YORKYILLE, S C., THURSDAY, YTTGTTST 23, 1883. . NO. 34. Selected foettw. ROCK OF AGES. "Rock of Ages, cleft for me," Thoughtlessly the maiden sung; Fell the words unconsciously From her girlish, gleeful tongue; Sung as little children sing; Sung as sing the birds in June; Fell the words like bright leaves down On the current of the tune: "Rock of Ages, cleft for me, , 4 ' Let me hide myself in thee." "Let me hide myself in thee?" Felt he;- soul no "need to hide; Sweet the song as song could be? And she had no thought beside ; '' All the words unheedingly Fell from lips untouched by care, Dreaming not they each might be On some other lips a prayer? , "Rock of Ages, cleft for me. Let me hide mvself in thee." i "Rock of Ages, cleft for me?" 'Twas a woman sung them now, Pleadingly and prayerfully; Every word her heart did know; Rose the song as storm-tossed bird Beats with weary wing me air; Every note with sorrow stirred, Every syllable a prayer? "Rock of Ages, cleft for me, Let me hide myself in thee.'" "Rock of Ages, cleft forme?" Lips grown agedsung the hymn. Trustingly and tenderly? Voice grown weak and eyes grown dim, > "Let me hide myself in thee."' Trembling though the voice and low, Rose the sweet strain peacefully, Like a river in its flow, Sung as only they can sing Who life's* thorny paths have pressed ; Sung as only they can sing Who behold the promised rest? "Rock of Ages, cleft for me,. Let me hide myself iy thee." "Rock of Ages,cleft forme," Sung above a coffin lid, Underneath, all restfully, ? All life's joys and sorrows hid, r? cfArm.tlMlSPfl SOlll ! 1UU1 Vf V QWtM 0 Nevermore from wind or tide, ? Nevermore from billow's roll, Wilt thou need thyself to hide, Could the sightless, sunken eyes '? Close beneath the soft gray hair, Could the mute and stiffened lips Move again in pleading prayer, Still, aye still, thv Wbrds would-be, "Let me hide myself in thee." Wtftag idler. TWICE ENCAGED. "But do you really mean it, Mr. Brabr zon ?" Rosa Dtfle was standing in the illuraina ted archway of the autumn woods, he bright braids of hair pierced by one or tw wandering sunbeams, her dimpled chil face framed in, as it were, by sprays of rec veined autumn leaves, while her apron wa full of the glistening brown chestnuts whic she had picked up. John Brabazon leaned against the tal smooth trunk of the birch tree, and looke at her, with a lazy luxurious sense of artis tic beauty entering his mind as he gazec "Of course I mean it," said he. r"But I am only twelve years old," crie Rosa, flinging back the sunny tendrils < hair that hung over her forehead. "You are exactly twelve times as lovel as any of the city belles that congregat J hereabouts," said Mr. Brabazon, striving t cenceal a yawn. * "And if they think I am engaged?don: you see ??there will be some probability c their leaving off persecuting me." "Well!" said Rosa, every dimple com * 1 -1 1- ni/v/i ing shyly our on up una oiicok. us sue siw there. It's to be a compact, eh?" said Mr. Br? bazon. Rosa nodded her fair little head. "But," she questioned, rather dubiously "where is the ring?" "The what?" "The engagement ring, Mr. Brabazon, explained Rosa, reproachfully. "Don't you know there's always a rin in novels?" "And most generally it's a dimond." "If you'll believe, said Mr. Brabazo tragically, "I never thought of the rin at all." ' "But here's a little opal that used to b my mother's, hanging 011 my watch chair W 011't that do ?" Rosa held her brown finger, while h fitted it on. p "You?you haven't kissed me yet!" sh said, when this ceremony was complet< "Lovers always kiss their sweethearts." Mr. Brabazon laughed. A . "Come," said he, "this is getting serious. "But here's the kiss, before the rest of th chestnut party get back." "And mind, this is to ho a profound s< cret between you and me." Rose ran back home with a vague sens* tion of mysterious delight, and thougt how nice Mr. Brabazon looked, all the tim she was munching her roasted chestnuts; an Mr. Brabazon himself took advantage < the little joke to proclaim himself an ei gaged man. Nor it is an exaggeration to say that th young ladies were genuinely disappointec "It must be a recent thing," said Kat Kennedy, tossing her head. "Oh, quite recent," acknowledged Mi Brabazon. "Love at tirst sight," asked Miss Daj "N-no, not exactly," said Brabazon. "In fact, I may say that I have admire the young lady since her infancy." "What a delightful enigma!" said Bell Vernon, looking anything but delightec "But, of course. Mr. Brabazon vou will te us her name ?" "I am pledged to secrecy," said the er gaged man, solemnly. And when he left in late autumn, an forgot all about the wild little woodlan sprite who climbed trees and pelted hii with chestnuts, waded with brown dimple / - feet in the foamy waters of the glen toi rent, and conducted him so mysteriously t the barn chamber to show him her empt bird's nests, butterfly wings and diamon f A bright pebbles, how was Tie to know thi she rembered the episode under the yellow leaved chestnut trees as a red-letter in lu calendar ? "He ought to write to me," said Ro? gloomily, as the weeks and months glide by and ho epistle came. "I do hope he isn't going to turn 01 false, like the wicked cavaliers in the stor books." And when Mr. Brabazon sent her a hug wax doll, with its miniature trunk ah complet outfit of elegantly made dresses i Christmas, Rosa flew into a passion. "As if I were a baby," said she. "A doll indeed, and I twelve years ol ? in October. "I wonder if he takes me for a child ?" "Who ever heard of a gentleman sendir a doll to the young lady he is engaged to ? "My dear Rosa," said her mother ha vexed, half amused, "what nonsense yc are talking." "We are engaged," said Rosa. "See the ring." And she shyly pulled it out from tl bosom of her dress. "It was only a joke," said Mrs. Dale. "It was sober earnest!" flashed out Itos "My dear," said Mrs. Dale, "haven't yc heard ?" "Mr. Brabazon is to be married to Lac Helen Hartford, Mrs. Pailleton's niece, ne: month. "The cards are already out." "What!" cried Rosa,' her sapphire bh eyes blazing, her rosy lips apart. "To be married, and he engaged to me And then Rosa rushed away into the bar and hid herself for full two hours, to sob out the current of her childish grief. ? i Mrs. Dale smiled and sighed. ?"Who would think the child would have j attached so much importance to a piece of nonsense like that?" said she. "Really, I'm afraid I have made a mis- j take in allowing her to read so many, i novels." ' "But she was always an impetuous little ; ;creature." Rosa wrote several harrowing letters to j I Mr. Brabazon, all of which she tore up, and when she saw the marriage proclaimed in the papers she gave the big wax doll to a little girl who was eleven years and six months old. j "She won't have any associations connect- j j ed with it," sighed Rosa. | And about tnat time she was promoted to ! j a higher grade in the scnooi, oegan lessons j on the guitar, and put her unhappy love : affair out of her mind. It could not have been more than eight years subsequently that the collision occurred 011 the Grand Canal at Venice, in which one of the gondolas capsized, and a beautiful young American lady, niece of the then United States consul, received an involuntary ducking. Perhaps the romantically dressed gondoliers were intoxicated; perhaps Miss Barony had, as they asserted, risen hastily, to point out something, and destroyed the balance of the mouldy, black-velvet-lined old conveyance. At all events, Miss. Barony was upset, directly in front of the Palazzo di Silvia, where Mr. Brabazon occupied the first floor, a marble-paved desolation of old pictures; broken-nosed statues, and orange trees in tubs." Of course, Mr. Brabazon sent out his valet to offer his services. Of course, they carried - Miss Barony in, and laid her on a sofa (draped with tapestry which somebody said Lucrezia Borgia had helped to embroider), and made much of her. "But how ridiculous all this is," said Miss Barony, with merriment in her dark-blue eyes. "I am a little wet, to-be sure, but other * i i. 1 wise i am entirely unnarmeu. "Why didn't they put me in the gondola again, and send me back to my uncle's palazzo?" ?. Mr. Barbazon, however, was far too hospitable for that. His capped and spectacled old housekeeper was ready with spiced drinks, and great z baskets of grapes and cake, and he himself was all politeness and chivalrous courtesy. Miss Barony gazed curiously around. How angelically beautiful she looked, i- wrapped in the violet velvet cloak, edged with ermine, her cheeks flushed with softest . rose, her eyes sparkling, her hair in a fringe of dark gold over her forehead. ir ''Where is Lady Helen Brabazon ?" she o asked abruptly, d Mr. Brabazon winced. I- "She has been dead for a year," he said. ^ "I am a widower." . "You were acquainted with my late h wife?" "Oh, 110, not all !^' said Miss Barony. I, "Only, of course, all the world had heard of d her." 5. "She was a famous beauty wasn't she ?" "She was very lovely," said the widower. When Miss Barony was carried away in a newly-summoned gondola, whose picd turesque oarsmen were more to be relied )f upon than their predecessors, Mr. Brabazon asked permission to call at the consulate, to v inquire how she was, in the course of a day * or two ; and Miss Barony accorded the pere mission as a young queen might hav? done. ?Anrr *?mo TTAlinn* JlDOllflfnl linfl v iuiaa jjui v> o-o j wMuvitut piquant. 't Mr. Brabazon, whose life had been nearly >f badgered out of him by the caprices, exactions and varying temper of the late Lady Helen, was charmed by her sunny brill' iance; and at a month's end he came to Mr. Barony, the United States consul, to ask permission to press his-suit with his niece, i- Mr. Barony looked conscious. "Didn't you know ?" said he. "She is engaged." "Engaged !" repeated Mr. Brabazon, his '' heart seeming to turn to a lump of ice within him. "Quite an old affair, I believe," said the " consul. "But perhaps you had better see my niece herself about it." e "I'll give her your message." "She can decide to suit herself." Miss Barony was pretter than ever, in her n cool muslin dress and pale blue ribbons as g she sat among the jessamines and pomegranates of the consulate reception-room the next day, to receive Mr. Brabazon. He had a speech carefully prepared, wherein all the nomitatives and subjects were carefully balanced, and the exact words sta, tioned in their exact places; but he forgot it all at the fair vision of her perfect loveliness, f and could only stand helplessly before her ** and say? "Miss Barony, I love you !" ,, "So you have been driven to confess it at ? last," said Miss Barony, "alter an inese e years." * "I don't understand you," said Mr. Brabazon. "You have forgotten me," said Rosa. I "That would be impossible," asseverated * Mr. Brabazon earnestly. j "But it's the fact," said she. 4. "I am little Rosa Dale, who was engaged : to you, under the chestnut-trees at Amber Hill, nine years ago, and here is the engagement-ring, hdlding up a slender golden j hoop, with an opal glimmering in its centre. ' "No, I'm not at all surprised that you didn't recognize me." "I was a child then?I am a woman now." "And after my parents' death, when un. ele Barony adopted me, I took his name instead of my own. I "But I never have got quite over the pang of bitter jealousy that pierced my baby-heart when you were married to Lady Helen j Hartford." ii "But dare I hope," began Mr. Brabazon, "that you still care a little for me ?" , "I know it seems like presumption, but ? (1 "Yes, you may hope," whispered Rosa, tl half-laughing, half-crying. n "I do care for you?more than a little." (j The consul gave them his blessing. r_ "It was she herself who told me to say she 0 was engaged," said he, patting Rosa's head. v "Little puss, she is always full of her mis (j ciuei." ^ "1 wanted to be revenged," said Rosa. , "But J have quite forgiven my false lover 5r at last." ia Hands.?Hands are divided into three d different kinds: those with round-pointed fingers, those with square tips and those it that are spade shaped, with pods of flesh at y each side of the nail. The first type?with round pointed fingers?belong to characters ;e with perceptions extra sensitive, to very d pious people, to contemplative minds, to it the impulsive, and to all poets and artists who have ideality asa prominent trait. The i square-shaped belong to scientific people, d sensible, self-contained characters, and to the j class of professional men who are neither j visionary nor altogether sordid. The spade...! <L-n...uvi tviv with norls of flesh at the side | "'"r" v i'-i x - ) of the nail, indicate people whose interests If and instinct are mostly material. Each m ! linger, no matter what kind of a hand it is joined to, has a joint representing each of | I those types. The division of the linger j i that is nearest the palm stands for the body, I io \ the middle division represents mind, and ' i the highest joint spirit or soul. If the top joint is longer than the others it denotes a a.! character weakened with a too abundant >u j imagination, great ideality and leaning toward the theorectical rather than the: ly practical. When the middle joint of the ! vt linger is long, it promises a logical mind, and when the lowest joint is longest, it inj dicates a nature that clings more to the ic ; luxuries than to the refinements of life. If they are nearly alike, it indicates a well!" balanced mind, especially if the length of n, the lingers equals tne length of the palm. IIJisccUttHWtts gUadwjp OUR PUBLIC HIGHWAYS. j SEX A TOR JtUTLER'S FIFTH LETER OX THIS j IMPORTAXT SUBJECT. Edgefield, S. C., July 26.?Experience j has shown that the volunteer system of road ' working, such, as we have (for it is little : more) has not been satisfactory or adequate ' to the establishment of such highways as { every civilized community ought to have, I and that the only successful methods have been by raising money and adopting well regulated systematized plans to which can be imparted more of vigor and practical judgment. I have corresponded with quite a number0 of persons in other States, I have examined the statutes of many of the leading States, and have held personal conferences, with many intelligent men. Among orners i nuu nu tj.\wuutu anciview with Judge Lawrence, first comptroller of the treasury at Washington, and finding he had given the suject much reflection, I requested him to communicate 1:0 me in writing the substance of what he had said, and he kindly put himself to the trouble to write me the following letter touching the Road law in Ohio: First Comptroller's Office, ) Washington, I). C., May 23,1883. \ Hon. M. C. Butler, Edgefield, S. C.? Dear Kir: I have the honor to acknowl- ' edge the receipt of your letter of the 18th instant asking me to give you the working of the Ohio system of public roads, and what effect good roads have on the value of real estate near them as compared with the value when the roads were not good, and also whether the law in Ohio works satisfactorily. It affords me pleasure to answer your inquiries. I have resided for forty years at Bellefontaine, Ohio, and have for many years owend large tracts of land in Hardin n/Mir>+ir cr> flint. T hn vp taken a nersonal in WUliy ) WV/ V4JMV ? . - jr terest in the construction of roaas and the general improvements of the State. The principal roads of the State are di- | vided into two general classes, which I will j describe separately. The first class, which are popularly called "mud roads," are of three kinds, as follows: , 1. State roads; 2. County roads; .'1. Town- ' ship roads. I will allude to each of these classes separately. 1. State Roads.?These are roads extending into at least two counties, and as many more as may be desired. ( Thf> nrmntv commissioners of each county . interested, on petition of freeholders, ap- { point one commissioner, and the commis- , sioners thus appointed cause the road to be surveyed, after which the necessary pro- ( ceedings are taken to secure a rteht of way ( and finally establish a road. This whole , subject is regulated by the Revised Statutes ' of Ohio in force January 1,1880, vol. 1, Sec- : tions, 4,G15 to 4,630, inclusive. 2. County Boculs.?A county road is one ( located in a county. They are established . under the authority of the county commis- ' sioners, on petition of freeholders interested. The proceedings are authorized by Sections 4,637 and 4,670 of the Revised Statutes. i 3. Toicnship Roads.?These are local roads for local conveniences, and are generally, but not always, located within one town ship. They are established under the authority of the township trustees, as author- ; ized by Section 4,671 to 4,68g, inclusive, of j the Revised Statutes. As to these three classes of roads provision is made for appeals from the action of county commissioners and township trustees j to the courts by Sections 4,687 to 4,714 inclusive, of the Revised Statutes. These three classes of roads are made and kept in repair by requiring every able-bod- j ieu nuile person to perform two days' labor annually on the roads within local districts, < and by road taxes levied on property and i expended under the direction of road suEervisors. This whole subject is regulated < y Sections 4,715 to 4,757, inclusive, of the i Revised Statutes. i Tlie roads 01 tnese xnree classes cousutute by far the larger part of the roads in ] the State, and they are generally merely i earth roads improved with bridges over j streams, wood or stone culverts where needed, and filled with stone or timber in marshy , places. They are generally made by plowing along each side of the roads, and then by throwing the earth thus plowed into the centre of the road. The extent of this form of improvement depends necessarily on ] the time the road has been established, < and the labor applied to it. On many of j the roads the improvements in the modes j is only to a limited extent. During a con siderable proportion of each year these . roads are quite good, and answer every pur- 1 pose very well. In the spring of the year, j and sometimes at other perods in unusually j rainy seasons, the roads become muddy, ] unpleasant for travel with buggies or carri- , ages, and teams can only haul comparative ly small loads. Where the land is some- ( what sandy, the roads readily dry out, and ( soon become good; in the black loam lands 1 the mud occasionally becomes deep; on the < clay lands they do not become so readily muddy j but after long rains, and especially i with winter and spring freezing and thaw- 1 ing, they occasionally become bad for trav- 1 el or for hauling loads. Hut every heavy ; rain is liable to make such roads muddy i for a day or two and unpleasant for use. , This I hope will give you a fair idea of our ; "mud roads." The second general class of \ roads includes three different kinds: 1, j Toll pikes; 2, plankroads; 3, free turnpikes. ] 1. The Toll Pike.s commenced many years . ago. Among the first was the National or ] Cumberland Road. This was made under the authority of Congress, commencing at , Cumberland, Md., via Wheeling, and was completed to Springfield, Ohio. It was a magnificent work for the early period when it was made. It was made mostly with broken limestone?macademized?and was a toll road. Congress subsequently surrendered the road to the States in which it was located, and that part of it in Ohio was ; afterwards maintained by the State as a toll road, and was subsequently given by the : State to the control of the counties in which it was located, and in most of them is now , made free. . The Legislature long ago authorized many : corporations to make macadamized turn- : pike roads, especially in the counties having : cities, and in the older parts of the State. These companies made many roads, and they are supported by tolls collected at gates | usually five miles apart. There is a general law nowauthorizingsuch corporations where roads are needed, but few roads have been made under it of late years. These are good roads, and the only objection is that they tax all who use them except footmen. They are not popular, and they are in some of tlie counties being bought out under the authority of laws which permit the county authori+/\ r>iirr>Viou<> nrwl iriilko tllOIll free. 2. Plank Roads.?INI any plank road corporations were created, commencing' probably thirty years ago, and the construction of these roads continued some ten or fifteen years. The roads were made with mud sills laid lengthwise of the roads and with plank?generally oak?about eight feet long and four inches thick spiked across the sills, thus making a roadway eight feet wide. The road-bed was prepared by making ditches on each side and throwing up the earth in the centre. The roads were private corporate property. The corporations charged tolls; they were neither profitable nor durable, and have generally gone out of use. It was difficult to keep the plank from warping. With the pine and cypress timber of South Carolina plankroads would probably do better than with our oak timber of Ohio. The plankroads of Ohio were mostly in the northwestern part of the State, a level and in many places alluvial region, with abundant timber, but with 11 gravel, and in most places but few ston quarries. 3. The Free Turnpike.?These are mad under three separate systems, which giv names to roads, respectively, as (1) Pre turnpikes, (2) One mile assessment pikes and (3) Two mile assessment pikes. I wi refer briefly to each of these: 1st. The free turnpikes are authorized b Sections 4,758 to 4,77;}, inclusive of the lti vised Statutes. These authorize a vote < the electors of any county 011 the questio whether a general tax shall be levied 011 th taxable property of the county to const rut free turnpikes, and if the vote be in favo of the tax, the county commissioners locatt tax and let out the work of making by con tract to the lowest bidder. The law an thorizes the issue of county bonds payabl in equal amounts in one, two, three, fou and five years, to be sold at par to rais money to pay contractors; it authorizes th collection of taxes on all property of tin county for five years to meet the interes mrl nrinoil-kill nf the hnrwls. The lslW 1)01 mits the county commissioners to collet only half the amount by a general tax i if they so prefer, and to assess the othe half for five years onrthe taxable propert within two miles of the road. These road are generally opened from forty to sixt; feet wide, turnpiked with earth twenty fee wide so as to drain freely to side ditche: and raised with broken stone or gravel nc less than ten nor more than sixteen feet i width, nor less than twelve inches thick i the centre, and eight inches at least at th outer edges of the roadbed of stonejor grave! But the law provides that the road may b constructed "wholly of earth when stone o gravel is not accessible." The roads ar r\A ttn+U onrl hrirlnrnc whnr jjiuwucu >V1U1 uuirtiM ?nivi ....v.. necessary, v 2d. The one-mile assessment pikes ar made in the same mode; they are authoi ized by Sections 4,774 to 4,828, inclusive, c the Revised Statutes; they are construce by the two days' labor each year of me: residing within one mile of the road; b; .' he ordinary road taxes; by a special assess ment generally for five years on all propert; within one mile of the road, and by generr taxes levied on all property of the countj County bonds are issued, sold, and the ii: terest and principal paid from taxes. 3d. The two-mile assessment pikes ar authorized by Sections 4,829 to 4,8G4, incli sive of the Revised Statutes. The expense of making these pikes are paid by asses.' ments for five years on the property withi two miles of the road ; county bonds are h sued payable from the assessments, and tli mode of making the road is as other pike; All the pikes are free. When it was fir.5 proposed to make pikes in these three form in Ohio there was much opposition and large amount of litigation. But the road were found so desiralile and convenient tha opposition soon died out, and an objection i rarely ever heard of, except from some lc Kinty wnere men mu to secure u wuiuun i suit their wishes. In about twenty counties of the eighty eight in Ohio, there is an abundance of gniv el found at nearly all points, generally onl; a little below the surface of the earth, an free pikes can be made here at very muc! less cost than in counties where they mus be made of broken stone. As a specime of these counties with gravel, T give you th following statistics for 1871): County. No. of miles of Cost. Free gravel pike. Darke 538 $l,072,0t Clinton 305 865,01 Fayette 262 850, Of Hardin 105 585,Ot Logan 243 707,9: Madison 209 508,Ot Miami 421 542,0C Scioto : .7. 451,5t Shelby 289 791, Hf Union 300 700,0( Warren 517 495,01 In most of these counties there have bee many miles made since 1871). You will observe, the law authorizes fre pikes without the bed of gravel or stout In all the counties where gravel is foun gravel has been used, in quire a numuer (. counties there are pikes make of broke stone, but this is expensive. Jn some eoun ties free pikes are made of eartli only. I can say that the free turnpike law c Ohio has worked, and is working, satisfar torily. I believe it will work well in Sout! Carolina. In many parts of your State yo have such a sandy soil that good, very gooi roads, can be made upon the free turnpik plan, even without the coat of gravel or brc ken stone. The good roads secured in Ohio undo t)ur free turnpike laws haveadded immense ly to the comfort and convenience of th people, and largely enhanced the value c the farms, and city and village, and al property. I think it safe to say that in th portion of Ohio where I reside full 25 pe jent. has been added to the value of farm i-? , t+r\r\t1 rnnrl U%V lllti ilCC >V AUl UiUOV.' ^v/uu iwau Farmers can take their products to marke vvitli a less number of horses than formerly md in this way their expenses are reduced The demand for horses lias, however, large ly increased, because many more peopl in cities and villages and in the counrt; now own carriages and buggies than in th Jays of poor roads. In my part of Ohio, a ill seasons of the year, in wet weather am [lry, our people drive in buggies six am eight miles an hour with ease and comfor to themselves, and without injury to horses Good pikes are a source of wealth, by di minishing the cost of carrying products t market, and of receiving products in returr by adding to the convenience and speed t travel for all private and public purpose? including mail facilities, and by adding t the value of all property. Good roads in luce immigration. Before we had pike in my part of Ohio people would come t find firms to purchase, or places to locate ii business, and go away with their capital because we had no roads which were goa it all seasons of the year. Now they ar leaving older counties, and those eve with good land where good roads are nol or cannot be made, to make their home with us. Free pikes have a social and moral effect by enabling people to travel and visi neighbors and friends far and near wh would not otherwise be visited so frequenl ly, if at all. You have in South Carolina a genial cli mate, a wide extent of fertile soil full of cii pabilities, water power which never freeze up with which immense manufactures ca be successfully conducted, and around whic existing cities will increase and new one * ,.r Sprillg Ul)) UUUlllg iu ,|uui ivnuui mm n sources already so great. You have iuinei al resources of great value, and you slioul add to all these and to the beauty and con fort of your hospitable homes, and for th convenience of your brave, enterprising an generous people, good free pikes. In the confident hope and sincere bolh that the people of all the States will henc*( forth continue to cultivate the arts of peac and to strengthen the bonds of a fraterm union, and that every State may profit b studying the laws and institutions of a others. I have the honor to be, very respectfully ?fcc., William Lawrence. It will be observed the free turnpikes i ran in whi nh n ntinsir to he the most accent! ble roads in that State, are made by cor tract, and the money is raised on count bonds to run for five years, to be paid, ii terest and principal by taxation. Ohi seems to have no difficulty in this regarr but many other States have had a sad ei porience. 111 this State, where county bond have been authorized in aid of railroad: the results have been most satisfactory, an those counties have availed themselves < this form of credit for their internal in provement are in a healthy financial coi dition and rather more prosperous than otl or counties where railroads have not bee attracted by similar means. T must say, however, that I am not recor ciled to this method of raising money f< public purposes. It is very liable to abiu and to lead to litigation and controversy which had better be avoided. This is matter which each county should be alio we o ! to determine for itself by a vote of its peoe ! pie. T have not felt inclined to recommend | it for the reasons, and think my plans of e i taxation, as supplementary to the three day e ! labor provision of the road law, if it should e j be so amended, much preferable. Ohio 5.1 seems to act upon the same theory that obII ' tains in cities, where any special improvej ments are made on the streets or sidewalks y the property adjacent, likely to receive the greatest benefit, is taxed especially to pay l >f for them. The one and two mill tax is evin : dentl.v founded on this principle, e j Upon the whole, I feel justified in asking :t you to publish this letter, as it is from a very 1 >r j intelligent man, who has studied the sub-; i, | ject. J neunio statutes are in my possession i- j and embody a very thorough and complete . i-1 system for road-making. M. C. Butlkk. e rj LIQUOR DRINKING. e j THE PRACTICAL VALVE OF A/tSTIXEXCE. | 3, The distinction between temperance and | 7 i total abstinence is no longer a practical one. j There was a time in this country in the 'Ji memory of men not yet old, when liquors 1 were on every sideboard, and the conscious \ scruples against moderate drinking were y felt by few. The day of moderate drink* ing is past. Society is already divided into y two great classes: teetotalars and drunkards. There is certainly a small class between '' these two, but so small as to be practically out of consideration. And this small class is 11 rapidly diminishing to zero. I am not now I justifying this distinction. I only assert it as a fact discernible to any one who will | ' look into the condition of modern society. I 0 Go through any community and you will * discover that the men who use alcoholic lie quors in any degree, beyond a strictly mee dicinal use are such as use them to excess. Contrariwise, those who abstain from their 4e use in any degree abstain altogether. Doubtless there area few communities in which 'J this is not the case. But they will invariably cl be found to be such communities as are far nr behind the age and do not in any considery able measure partake of the restless ac'' tivity of our times. For such sluggish and y phlegmatic people moderate drinking may 11 still be safe. But this class do not represent ' the present generation. The average man l" of to-day is a busy man. lie is driven from momine- to nicht bv the eaerer demands of e his business. He is under continual strain I [" of intense nervous excitement. Stimulants I ;s am only increase this and levy heavier tax on energies'already over-taxed. The drinkn ing habit can only result in a more rapid expense of nervous force. That which was e safe for the easy going sluggard becomes ' perilous for the man who is dilligent in business. stimulants may serve to arouse a ;s torpid nature, but they are as oil poured on a fire, to the intensely nervous and active man. And such is the man of this generation. Activity, not torpidity is the chars acteristic of our age. It is this intense life of our modern times that is making temper0 ance and total abstinence one and the same thing. " To the active man abstinence is of the highest practical value, because it is the conservation of his muscular and nervous . strength. The power to do hard work is preserved by abstinence and lost by indul:t " gCUCe. SUCCt'SS UOIUCS CiWICI lu LUC LTOLWiur n er than to the drinker. Take lor exemple e the lowest order of success: that which depends on stout and sturdy muscle. The strength which carries the hod or digs the ditch is mainly animal strength. There )(J is almost no demand here either for nervous 10 or mental energy. Now animal strength is to never increased by the use of alcohol. The 'M man who has just swallowed his drink feels to himself stonger beyond doubt. He often 10 feels himself richer also; but he isn't. His increase of wealth is a delusion. So is his ,0 increase of strength. We must grant that in alcohol has the charm of deluding men into believing themselves stronger by its use; but we must insist that the belief is a delue sion and a snare. For if there be any pow, er in alcohol to increase animal strength rj why don't you give it to animals? Why i Iwvhc.a aiiMllnur liiwi nnrflnn nf l|* IJUL IIlilKC Ulc iiijukt onuiiuii mo put ?v? n liquor when he is to draw an unusual load or be driven an unusual distance? We know this would be nonsense. But why more nonsense to hope to add to the strength of a horse's body by alcoholic stimulant, than to add to the strength of a man's? u Xor does alcohol add to one's power of j endurance. It easily renders one unconu scious of the strain that is made on his strength, because it stupefies the brain where all such strain is felt and reported. The r brain is the guardian of our strength, be.. cause it notes any unfair demand made e upon it and. Immediately warns against it. (j- But if this guardian be rendered so insensiII ble that it cannot note as usual, the injury e inflicted on the muscles, the draining of r strength'does not cease because our obsers vation of it ceases. The sottish soul may ^ cry out between his hiccoughs, "They have ,j. stricken me and I-was not sick," but he is r sick nevertheless. The stroke has left its l' injury though he is insensible to it. The ,* draught made 011 the physical energies is just c as great and greater when one is so stupev fied by stimulant as to be insensible and g indifferent to it. wnat is true 01 must eular strength is none the less true of nerq vousness and mental strength. The use of q stimulants does not augment but rather de.'j creases the chances of success in those lines . of business, which depend either on skill [I or intelligence. Abstinence is not only safe 0 but it is profitable.?Exchange. AVOID FARM MORTGAGES. j, Mortgages are necessary and beneficial in o civilized society, but there are unpleasant i- features about them. They often enable is a man to accomplish what he could not o otherwise do, and they also often involve a n man who would have been otherwise suc1, cessful. They often enable a man to get d out of trouble which he could not etherwise e avoid, and they perhaps equally often make 11 a miserable life which would have othert, wise been happy. Itiseasy togetthemon the is farm, but it is not always easy to get them off. Farm mortgages are about the best int, vestment that capital can find. Investors t generally like them. They partake of the o nature, permanence, and other substantial t- qualities of real property, but an relieved from many of the burdens imposed upon i- land. One investment company in 2s ew i- York City has upwards of $20,000,000 on s farm mortgages mostly on Western farms, n The money draws seven per cent, and uph wards, and is obtained in Europe at four s percent., so that the annual profits to the investment company are about $000,000. - There are perhaps a dozen sucn companies (1 in New York City alone, and there are prii vate investors, now that money is plentiful, e all over the country; so that there is no d lack of opportunity to get mortgages on farms. But so hard are they to get off that, ;f notwithstanding the fact that investors, will ! not generally loan more than a third or :c 11 half of of the value of the security offered il a broker who deals largely in farm morty gages, recently said to the writer that, as a 11 rule, mortgages are not paid. That is to say, when a farm is once mortgaged, in a ', majori ty of instances It remai ns so for a long I time, if one mortgage is paid, another is n i made to raise the money. If it is forei-! closed, it is very rare that anything is paid l-! hack to the farmer. If it is sold, it often y I continues to be traded around until it gets l- "satisfied." o j Money at seven per cent, will double in 1, 1 ten years if the interest is kept invested. If the farmer carries a mortgage of say $5,000 Is for thirty years, it will cost him at 7 per s, j cent., about $15,000 for the use of the $5,000. d This enormous figure, obtained by com>f puting interest at seven per cent, on the l- amounts paid, is no more than a fair estii!? ?* "r .> ninvtrwKrn for 1- I1K1110I1 Ol IIIt? COM Ol MU.1I ii> lauivgu^u) i- the farmer .can doubtless always invest his n money in something which will yield him | seven per cent, l-J Therefore1. Do not mortgage the farm >r : unless it seems absolutely necessary. But, >e | as a general rule is less valuable than a ?s ; particular one, it may be well to specify, by aj adding: 2. Do not mortgage to build a fine d ' house. By so doing, you will have to pay money for an investment which does nol bring money. 3. Do not mortgage the farm to buy more land. Where there is absolute certainty that more can be made out of the land than the cost of the mortgage, this rule might not apply. But absolute certainty it rare, mistaken calculation is common. 4, Do not mortgage the farm unless you are sure of the continued fertility of its*soil. Many persons borrow with an expectation of repayment based on an experience of the land's virginity only, which on failing may leave the land less productive, and the means of repayment thus be removed. In this way troubles begin which may resull in the loss of the farm. Keep very clear o; mortgages.?American Agriculturist. A STORY OF ONE RED HAIR. ? HO W A RICH OLD MISEIt WAS MURDEREDA FLORIDA MYSTERY. A Jacksonville, Florida, lettefof Augus 3rd, says: Archibald W. Newton, a younj man who belongs to a wealthy family whief stands high in Kngland, has just been con victed in Orange county of the murder o Samuel McMillan. The cast; was sensation al and when the j ury brought in the verdict "We find the prisoner guilty as charged ii the indictment," there was much excite ment in the court-room. In the spring o 1881 Newton appeared at Sanford, bearing i letter to Mr. Gray, one of the London stock holders, to J. E. Graham, the manager o the Sanford Company. Newton was men tioned in the letter as a nephew of Mr. Graj and Manager Graham was authorized to paj him $83 per month. Newton, a youth o line appearance and pleasing manners wai popular at first, but his good reputation wa soon blasted. There was reason to suspec r\f <Vv??r*oiMnL' on/1 flinn munck n ?* wvi til f. Ii ( linn v/a jui^v;iiv.a auu cuvti vuiuv nv ?* w v>.?v ... had left England because of an outrag< against Miss Polly Bowron. Subsequently he sent money to England for Kate Bowron, a sister of his alleged victim, and meeting her in New York, married her, ant the couple returned to Crystal Lake, Orang< county. While this was going on another topic o suspicion presented itself. There lived ii Orange county, near Crystal Lake, a mar named Samuel McMillan, who bore the rep utation of being a miser and was supposec to carry a large sum of money on his person He owned a valuable grove, the. sale o which he was negotiating with Newton, win with his wife lived near by. Newton knev the habit of McMillan of carrying money On Saturday evening, September 30, Mc Millan was last seen alive half an hour afte: sunset in company with Newton, walking toward Newton's house. lie never return ed to his home and after some days hi: neighbors became anxious and instituted i search for him. On the 17th day of Oetobei his headless body was found in Crysta Lake, partly consumed by fishes. Arounc the waist was a rope, to which was suspend eel a sack, in which was found an iron po full of nails. A few days later the head o the murdered man was found near the sam< spot and a bullet hole was discovered in th< back of his skull. On the brains being re moved a bullet dropped out, which appear ed to fit exactly a pistol Newton had bor rowed from a neighbor named True. Thii was the mystery of Crystal Lake. About that time Newton became flush o funds. He said that his wife's brother James Bowron, had sent him $2.">,(KK) witl which to buy an orange grove on the lake He was suspected of the murder of McMil lan, however, and was brought before Judgi Cocke, a man noted as a member of th< Florida returning board of 187G. The sen sation of the trial occurred when counsel foi prosecution walked down the aisle, followec by a medium-sized, dark-haired woman evidently a foreigner. As the stranger go abreast of Mrs. Newton she turned anc peered into her face, saying: "Why Kate!' The prisoner, as he looked up and recog nized the woman, Hushed until it seemec the blood would burst from his neck ant cheeks, while Mrs. Newton turned deathh pale and remained several seconds with up turned face and half-opened lips, as if petri tied by amazement. The presence of this woman in Americs was a complete surprise to the defence, a the counsel for Newton subsequently admit ted in open court. Her testimony was lis i i ^ jit. i Tf +/ lenetl lU Willi Uit*illliucns UIICICOU J.l> ?Ytio it the effect that the Bowron family had no $25 in the world, much fess $25,000 to in vest in orange groves. That had been th< main point of the defence?to account foi Newton's money, alleged to have been sen by the wealthy brother-in-law. The Eug lish woman confirmed the story of Newton'! outrage upon Polly Bowron. McMillan, the murdered man, had coars< red hair. At the trial Dr. King Wylly tes titled that he had found in blood spots 0111 handkerchief found in Newton's pocket th< morning aftei; the murder a single red hair The hankerchief was examined last Octobe: by Dr. Wylly. lie testified that at the firs examination he fcund a single blood crys tal. Supposing that he might have scratch ed his finger and caused the crystal to ge on the handkerchief, he would not accept i as evidence that there was blood there. Hi: last examination revealed the blood corpus cles very distinctly, and under the micros cope lie discovered a single red hair ?i coarse red hair. The defense fought tin case point by point, but the drift was agains them, and when Newton said that he hac borrowed True's pistol to shoot an alligatoi the audience laughed. When the jury came in and gave the ver diet one could have heard a pin drop. A1 the while Newton had been nervouslj twitching his moustache. When the verdie was read out he dropped his head and turn ed deathly pale, while a slight tremor pass ed through his frame. He then suddenly jumped up and seized his hat, forgetting that the court had not adjourned, but presently controlled himself and resumed hi: seat. His wife remained quiet for a few moments, then a few tears trickled down her cheeks and she grasped her husband': arm convulsively, but beyond this she showed no emotion. Judge t'ocke pro liouneed the verdict of death. POLITICAL INTRIGUE. A representative of the New York S'in recently visited ex-Senator Stephen \V Dorsey at his home in New Mexico, and the result is the publication of an authentic interview occupying four columns of that paper. In this interview ex-Senator Dorset asserts: First.?That Sherman was betrayed al Chicago; that the pretended surprise o: Garfield's nomination was a sham, and thai it was the result of a prearranged plan. Second.?That jealousies and ambition? appeared at the very beginning of th^ canvass, and showed themselves in the organi zation of the National Committee, Third.?That it was at the earnest requesi of Garfield, Governor Foster and General Arthur that he accepted the place of secretary of the National Committee. Fourth.?That the rich bankers of New York were so distrustful that they refusec to contribute a cent until a peculiar organ ization, known asa finance committee, composed of these bankers, was formed. Fifth?He intimates that Garfield, Ar thur and all the other Republican leader: relied on money to win the battle, and admits that a very large sum was raised ant disbursed by these bankers, it was purely a money campaign. Sixth.?He asserts positively that Gar field bought the New York stalwarts' sup port by a positive promise to appoint Lev P. Morton Seeretary*>f the Treasury. Seventh.?He reiterates the charge tha the pockets of the New York bankers wen reached through a promise of Garfield's t( allow a syndicate of theifi to refund the gov eminent bonds. -r. Eighth?He asserts with great positive ness that a bargain was made betweer Garfield's representatives and Jay Gouk and C. P. Huntington, by which Garfieic promised to secure the appointment of Stan ley Matthews as Associate Justice of th< Supreme Court, and the two capitalist t promised one hundred thousand dollars to l the Republicau campaign fund. He asserts ; that this money was paid, was brought to > him in Indiana by Mr. T. C. Piatt, and that > he caused more than half of it to lie sent to s Ohio to be used by Governor Foster in the , campaign there. Ninth.?He asserts that more than $400,, 000 was taken to .Indiana by a prominent i New York banker whom he names. That > this was used there to carry the day. , Tenth.?He asserts that Garfield was most ? i eager to have as much money as possible, so i that he made the blunder of writing the t Hubbell letter against his (Dorsey's) advice, f Eleventh.?He asserts that the vast fund raised, bet ween one and two million dollars, was a corruption fund. Twelth.?He tells the story of curious intrigues that led to the putting of James and . McVeigh in Garfields Cabinet, and asserts ai- _x a. n?4.^ | mat it was \jrarneiu s uucuuuu iu icmuvc them both. t Thirteenth.?He asserts that Garfield was r bulldozed by Blaine and a prominet New\ York editor into violating nis promises to . Conkling and into appointing Robertson f collector of the port of New York, without . having first notified the New York Senaj tors that such was his intention. But this { bulldozing took the shape of a threat to pub. lish the details of the Stanley Matthews f scandal unless Robertson's appointment was t made. j WHAT PARALYSIS IS. " INTERESTING AND PROFITABLE MEDICAL READING FOR NON-MEDICAL PEOPLE. T f So common has become the occurrence of s paralysis in recent years, that many use the i word for a slang expression; but for all that, t it is probable that a vast majority of the j people who think at all of paralysis reckon 3 that it isa disease of itself. That some med; ical men so regard this condition, is plain - from the fact that deaths are frequently cer, tified to have been caused by it. The mcorl rectness of this notion will, however, be 3 plain when the conditions which give rise to paralysis are clearly, set forth, and this f we now propose. i A carpenter, blacksmith or some other i mechanic, whose business requires him to . wield a hammer, finds some morning that 1 he is unable to raise his hammer arm, or . perhaps while at work, the man suddenly f feels his arm become numb and weak, it ) falls to his side, and he is no longer able to ? work. The doctor to whom the man ap. plies, says a "brachial monoplegia from - muscle tire," which means simply that the r man has overwrought his hammer arm and r it needs, rest. To these cases the very appro priate name of "artisans' palsy" is'given, s Again, a poor-blooded, nervously-constructi ed pei-son, most likely a woman, meets with r a great shock, or has to endure an unusual I and prolonged mental or physical effort. 1 Soon, and perhaps without warning, the in dividual loses the use of some part of the t body, often the vocal apparatus, and the paf tient is unable to speak above a whisper. 3 The doctor says "hysterical paralysis." or 3 "hysterical aphonia," loss of voice. Now - just how this comes about we fancy it would - puzzle the most learned doctor to say. Lon cerningthis condition, however, as well as i the one before mentioned, this much is known, viz.: that by appropriate treatment f they recover perfectly and promptly, very , good evidence that no part of the nervous i apparatus is broken. The faith cures report. eel from time to time are probably cases of - the kind last mentioned. i It sometimes happens that an intoxicated 3 person will fall asleep with the head resting - upon the arm, or with the arm hanging over r a chair back. When the person awakens, 1 the arm is numb; it tingles and is paral, yzed?another "brachial menoplegia, but t really pressure upon the trunks of the nerves 1 which supply the disabled member, has af' fected those nerves so that they are unable - to perform their usual duty. * The nerves I which go out from the brain and spinal cord 1 to tht extremities, are quite comparable to 7 the wires which are stretched from place to - place for electric communication, and pres sure upon one section of those nerves produces results very like those which follow v an interference with the wire. The case s just given, illustrates very well a large num ber of cases of palsy from pressure, forpres sure upon the brain or spinal cord, or the ) nerves which have their exit therefrom, t will produce a palsy, whose extent will de - pentt upon tne extent 01 me pressure, mm, i whose curability depends upon the chances r for removing the pressure. Pressure upon t the nerves which supply one side of the face - produces a very characteristic paralysis, and s one that causes many laughable mistakes on the part of tyros and non-professional ? people, by their attempts to detect the affect ed side. Pressure upon the brain or spinal i cord is mostly due to the presence of tumors, 3 to fractures of the skull or bones of which . the backbone is formed, and to blood-clots r within the skull or spinal canal. Patients t who recover from diphtheria, scarlet fever, - and some other acute sicknesses are fre quently paralyzed in some part. These t cases generally recover by appropriate treatt ment, and it is quite probable that many i cases would recover spontaneously. The - remarks before made concerning certain - cases which recover, will apply equally to i the cases just named. 3 People who work in lead are liable to a t peculiar form of paralysis, which is tirstseen, 1 as a rule, in the muscles-of the forearm, on r account of which the patient is unable to extend the hand upon the arm. At times the - whole muscular system is involved. Change 1 of occupation, and the use of remedies ' which will assist the elimination of the t mineral from the system, is the proper course for such patients. Analogous forms - of paralysis are caused by arsenic and merr cury, probably by their action upon the r nerve structure of the spinal cord. Woorara, the Indian arrow poison, will also produce ? paralysis if introduced into the system in . nn.inHtmu Th*. n:irn 1 vzine* effect OUilltlCWl v^uauvivtvu* - -.v ^ ? 0 i of large doses of alcohol, are well known. 3 Certain conditions of the circulatory appa> ratus predispose to extensiveand often incu rable paralysis. The arteries are elastic tubes. By age, hard work, care, and the prolonged use of alcoholic drinks, these tubes lose their elasticity, and become britt tie. By some event, which determines an unusual quantity of blood to the brain, one ! of these now elastic tubes is broken, the poured-out blood clots, as before mentioned, and a paralysis immediately follows, r Owing to certain systematic conditions, fibrin, a substance normally suspended in t the blood, lodges upon the flood-gates? f valves?of the lieart. Presently a part of [ this matter is dislodged and washed into the blood; perchance it reaches an artery in the j! brain, which will not permit it to pass. .: This at once cuts off the blood supply from . a part of the brain, one of the immediate j symptoms of which, is palsy of the part of t' tiie body which receives its nervous supply I from that portion of the brain. These paral. j yses are usually extensive, and are not read' lly distinguished from those Just mentioned. rr>1? ?in fha Knu'dlu nf ? J lie presence ui wunuo m mi/ wi/nviu u. I children, is believed to produce paralysis, in . some cases. But such cases being due to a . known removable cause, are described as reflex paralysis. These are not seen alone in . ! children, but in adults as well. Finally, < change in the structure of the brain or spinal . cord produces paralysis, varying in extent I with the extent of nerve structure involved, r Such paralyses are especially obstinate in those of advanced years. Change of struc. ture in the spinal cord usually produces dis. ability in the legs. Nov/, these are the most i common causes of paralysis, and from what has been said, it will be observed that pat ralysis is not a disease of itself. Neither is } it always incurable. ) -1 B&? A little Scotch boy, about four or Ave years old, was ill of fever, and the doctor or dered his head to be shaved. The little fel1 low was unconscious at the time, and knew l nothing of it. A few days after, when he I was convalescent, he happened to put his - hand to his head, and after an amazed si3 silence, shrieked out: "Mither! mither! ii my head's barefoot!"