Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, June 28, 1883, Image 1
I
lewis m. grist, proprietor, j % Jfitotptnbtnf Jfamilg fttfospapr: Jor l|f promotion of lljc |1oltficiil, Social, ^orintlJural anb Commercial Interests of tjir Sontjc. | TERMS?$2.50 A TEAR, IN ADVANCE.
VOL. 39. YORKVILLE, S C., THURSDAY, JTJ^TE 28, 1883. 3STO. 36.
fdeitcd fflrtjg.
BLUE AND (>RAV.
"Oh! mother, what do they mean by blue ?
And what do they mean by gray*?"
Was heard from the lips of a little child
Ag she bounded in from play.
The mother's eyes filled up with tears;
She turned to her darling fair,
And smoothed away from the sunny brow
Its treasures of golden hair.
"Why, mother's eyes are blue, my sweet,
And grandpa's hair is gray,
And the love we bear our darlingchild
Grows stronger everyday."
"But what did they mean?" persisted the child,
"For 1 saw two cripples to-day,
And one of them said he fought for the blue;
The other, he fought for the gray.
"Now, he of tlje blue had lost a leg,
And the other had but one arm,
And both seemed worn and weary and sad,
Yet their greeting was kind and warm.
They told of battles in davs gone by,
Till it made mv young "blood thrill;
The leg was lostinthe Wilderness fight,
And the arm on Malvern Hill.
"They sat on the stone by the farmyard gate
And talked for an hour or more,
Till their eyes grew bright and their hearts
seemed warm
With fighting their battles o'er.
Ana parting atiasiwitn a lriwuuv giua^,
In a kindly, brotherly wav,
Each calling on God to speed the time
Uniting the blue and the gray."
? Then the mother thought of other daysTwo
stalwart boys from her riven;
How they knelt at her side and, lisping, prayed
"Our lather which art in heaven,
How one wore the gray and the other the blue;
How they passed awav from sight,
And had gone to the land where gray and blue
Are merged in colors of light.
And she answered her darling with golden hair,
While her heart was sadly wrung
With the thoughts awakened in that sad hour
By her innocent, prattling tongue:
"The blue and the gray are the colors of God;
They are seen in the sky at even, ;
And many a noble, gallant soul <
Has found them passports to heaven."
ibe Jdctg Seller.
THE DEVTL'S REVENGE. i
It was toward the end of November; the '
Imperial Garden of Vienna was deserted; j
a sharp breeze was whirling the saffron (
colored leaves, shrunk, up by the early .
cold ; the rose-bushes, tormented and broken
by the wind, let their branches drag in <
the mud. Still, the grand alley, thanks 1
to its covering of sand, was dry and passa- '
ble. Although devastated by the approach !
of winter, the Imperial Garden was not .
without a certain melancholy charm. The 1
long alley prolonged far awaf its redden- <
ing arcades; beyond, the view stretched j
over the Prater and Danube; it was such a
promenade as a poet would have desired. ]
A young man was striding up and down <
this alley with visible signs of impatience; <
his costume, somewhat theatrical in its '
elegance, consisted of a frock-coat of black
velvet, with gold facings and bordered with *
fur, gray woolen pantaloons, top boots, with
tassels, coming half way up his legs. He
might have been twenty-seven or twenty- 1
eight years of age; his pale, regular features 1
were full of finesse, and irony lurked in 1
creases around his eyes and the corner of *
his mouth. At the university, which he {
appeared to have quitted recently?for he {
still wore the student's cap with oak leaves? 1
he must have plagued the philistines, and J
shone in the front rank of the burschen s
1 xi
uuu uie iua?.
The narrow limits within which he cir- r
cumscribed his walk showed that he was j
waiting for some one?probably a lady, for <
the Imperial Garden of Vienna in the
month of November is hardly propitious to 5
business rendezvous. Soon a young girl (
appeared at the end of the avenue. A tur- j
ban of black silk covered her rich blonde
hair, whose ringlets had been slightly un- s
curled by the dampness of the evening; her
complexion, ordinarily of waxen white- ''
ness, had taken a rosy tint from the bite
o? the cold. Grouped and wrapped she ]
was in a mantle trimmed with marten j
skin; a little terrier accompanied her?a ]
convenient chaperon, on whose indulgence j
and discretion you could count. 1
"Imagine, Heinrich," said the pretty !
Viennese, taking the young man's arm, "I ]
have been dressed and ready to go out ''
for more than an hour, and my aunt kept J
on with her sermons on the dangers of
waltzing, on recipes for Christmas cakes and 1
carp with blue sauce. I went out on the [
fretext of buying some gray boots of which
have no need whatever. It is for you, 1
Heinrich, that I tell these little lies which ?
I am constantly regretting aud constantly J
beginning over again. What an idea it was
of yours to take to the stage! What was the ! I
good of studying theology so long at Heid- j
elberg? My parents liked you, and wej1
if Iiqito huwi murriivl tn.drtv hut frir I *
Uliglll IIM'V ">-? V" V.IVJ VV.V ??? |
that. Instead of meeting on the sly under (
the bare trees of the Imperial Garden, we !
should be seated side by side before a por-!
celain stove in a nice warm room, talking i
of the future of our children. Would not I
that be a happy lot, Heinrich ?"
"Yes, Katy, very happy," replied the ;
young man, as he pressed under the satin
and fur, the dimpled arm of the pretty Vi- !
ennese; "but I cannot help it. The theatre
attracts me invincibly ; I dream of it by
day ; think of it by night; I feel the desire i
to live in the creation of the poets; I seem
to have twenty existences. Every role that
I play makes me a new life; all those passions
that I express I feel. I am Hamlet,
Othello, Charles Moore. When one is all |
that, he can with difficulty resign himself to i
the humble condition of a village pastor."
"That is very noble. But you know that
my parents will never have an actor for a
son-in-law."
"No, certainly, not an obscure actor; a
poor, ambulant artist, the puppet of managers
and the public ; but a great actor, cov-1
ered with glory and applause, who earns |
more money than a minister, they will not;
refuse, however scrupulous they may be. j
When I shall come to ask your hand, in a
handsome yellow coach, the varnish of:
which will be able to serve as a looking-;
glass for the astonished neighbors, and a
tall lackey covered with gold lace will let
down the steps for me, do you think they
will refuse me ?"
"I do not think they will. But who says,
Heinrich, that you will ever come to that ?
You have talent; but talent is not sufficient; i
you must have much good luck besides. !
By the time that you shall have become the j
grand actor of whom vou speak, the best
time of your youth will have passed, and j
then will you be ready to marry Kate, grown j
01(1, wnen you nave ut your disposal me
loves of all those princesses of the theatre,!
who are so joyous and sogayly decked ?"
"That future," replied Heiiirich, "is near- i
er than you think. I have an advantageous
engagement at the theatre of the Corin-;
thian Gate, and the manager is so satisfied |
with the manner in which I played my last ;
role that he has made me a present of two
thousand thalers."
"Yes," replied the young girl with a se-;
rious air, "that role of a demon in the piece. {
I confess to you, Heinrich, that I do not like j
to see a Christian assume the mask of the j
enemy of the human race, and pronounce '
words of blasphemy. The other day I went j
to see you at the Corinthian Theatre, and at i
every moment 1 was afraid that a veritable :
hell fire would issue from one of the traps
where you were swallowed up in flames of
spirits of wine. I returned home all confused,
and I dreamed horrible dreams."
"My good Katy, that is all imagination; j
to-morrow, too, will take place the last per-1
formance, and I shall no longer put on th
black ancl red costume which so much dis
pleases you."
"So much the better; for my mind is
prey to a vague feeling of alarm, and I fea
that the role which has been so profitable t
your glory will not be so profitable to you
salvation. I am afraid, too, that you \vil
contract bad habits in the company of thos
horrible comedians. I am sure that yo:
no longer say your prayers, and I dare wa
ger that you have lost the little cross I gav
you."
Heinrich justified himself by showing th
little cross, which was still shining on hi
breast.
While they were talking thus, the tw<
lovers had arrived at the Thabor Strasse, ii
the Leopoldstadt, in front of the shoemake
who was famous for the perfection of hi
gray boots. After chatting some time a
the door, Katy entered followed by her ter
rier, but not without having abandoned he
pretty ? slender fingers to the pressure o
Heinrich's hand.
Heinrich tried once more to get a glimpsi
of his mistress between the dainty boots am
shoes that were symmetrically arranged 01
the brass rods in the window ; but the foj
had silvered the glass with its moist breath
ana he couia only aisunguisn a coninsec
silhoutte; then, taking a heroic resolution
he turned on his heel and went with delib
erate step to the inn of the Two-Heade<
Eagle.
* * * * * * * *
That night there was a numerous compauj
at the Two-Headed Eagle; the guests wer<
of the most mixed description.
The Two-Headed Eagle was one of thos<
blessed cellars celebrated by Hoffman, wit!
steps so worn, so greasy, so slippery, tha
you cannot put your foot upon the first on(
without at once finding yourself at the hot
torn, with your elhows on the table, a pip<
in your inouth, between a pot of beeranc
a measure of new wine.
Through the thick cloud of smoke thai
almost choked and blinded you at first, al
sorts of strange figures appeared after a feu
minutes. There were Wallachians with
their cafetan and Astrakhan cap; Servians
Hungarians with long black mustaches
caparisoned with dolmans and embroidery;
Bohemians with coppery complexions, nar
row foreheads and arched noses; honesl
Grermans with laced coats; Tartars with eye*
turned up like those of Chinese; all imagin>
ible populations. The east was representee
by a fat Turk coiled up in the corner and
nnfnl 1 it omAlrinrr o nino nf Afnlflo\riar
OIAiVSXVUAg CV |/1JUV Vi A'JLVXUW T HVi.
therry wood, with a bowl of red clay, and
i mouthpiece of yellow amber.
Itouncl the table turned unceasingly out
:>f those long waltzes which produce upon
northern imaginations the same effect a'
hashish and opium on the Orientals; the
touples passed and repassed rapidly; the
women almost fainting with pleasure on the
irms of their caviliers, to the sounds of a
waltz, swept away with their skirts the
tlouds of smoke, and refreshed the faces ol
the drinkers. At the counter some Morlaccan
improvisators, accompanied by a
player upon the guzla, were reciting a sort
jf dramatic complaint, which seemed to
strangely divert a dozen strange figures,
rlothed in sheepskin, and coifed with tarnoukhs.
Heinrich went to the end of the cellar and
?at at a table where were already seated
three or four personages of joyous mein and
merry humor.
"All, Heinrich!" cried the oldest of the
sand; "mind yourselves, my friends; fcenum
habet in cornu. You know you had a
truly diabolical look, the other night; you
ilmost frightened me. Who would think
that Heinrich, who drinks beer as we do,
md who does not draw back before a slice ol
told ham, could put on such venomous,
wicked and sardonic airs, and that with a
single gesture he can make a whole theatre
shudder?"
"Eh ! why that is the reason why Heinrich
is a great artist, a sublime comedian.
Fhere is no glory in playing a role that is
in your character; the triumph for a co
juette, is to excel in playing ingeneuses."
Heinrich sat clown modestly, called foi
i large glass of mixed wine, and the conversation
continued on the same subject,
:)n all sides it was admiration and compliments.
"Ah! if the great Wolfgang Goethe had
seen you!" said one.
"Show us your feet," said another; "I
im sure you have a forked hoof."
The other drinkers, attracted by these exclamations,
looked at Heinrich seriously, all
happy to have the opportunity of examining
closely so remarkable a man. The young
men who had formerly known Heinrich al
the University, and whose names he hardly
knew, came up to him and shook him cor:lially
by the hand, as if they had beqn his
intimate friends. The prettiest waltzers
is they passed, shot at him the tenderesl
fKlim on/1 iral\TDf\r A\roc
U1 llltll Ui UV (VI1V4 YV4TVVJ V J \'W*
One man only, seated at a neighboring
table, seemed to take no part in the genera]
enthusiasm; his head thrown backward, he
was thumbing, distractedly, with his finger?
311 the crown of his hat, a military march,
ind from time to time he uttered a sort o:
humph, singularly dubious.
The aspect of this man was of the strangest,
although he was dressed like an honesl
burgher, of Vienna, enjoying a modest fortune
; his gray eyes were shaded with greer
tints, and shot out phosphoric lights like the
eyes of a cat. When his pale flat lips parted,
they showed two rows of teeth very white
very sharp, and very wide apart, of th*
most cannibal and ferocious aspect; his long
nails, shining and curved, took a vague ap
pearance of claws ; but that pliysiognomj
appeared only by rapid flashes; to the ey<
that watched him fixedly, his face rapidlj
assumed the bourgeois and debonair ap
pearance of a retired Viennese merchant
and you felt astonished that you could have
suspected of villainy and deviltry a face sc
vulgar and trivial.
Internally, Heinrich was shocked at the
indifference of the man. The disdainful si
lence took away their value from the panegyrics
which his noisy companions lavishec
upon him. It was the silence of an old anc
experienced connoisseur, who does not al
low himself to be deceived by appearances
Atmayer, the youngest of the company
the warmest admirer of Heinrich, could no
endure this coldness, and addressing tin
strange man, as if taking him to bear wit
nessto an assertion that he had advanced, Ik
said:
"Is it not so, sir? no actor has ever playec
the role of Mephistopheles better than mj
comrade here !"
"Humph!" said the stranger, flashing his
green eyes and cracking his sharp teeth
"Mr. Heinrich is a'young man of talent
whom I esteem very highly; but he is want
ing in. many things necessary to play tin
role of the devil." And suddenly drawing
himself up : "Havevou ever seen the devil
Mr. Heinrich ??
He put this question in such a strange au<
mocking tone, that all the company felt i
shudder run down their backs.
"That, however, would he necessary 10
the truthfulness of your play. The othe
evening I was at the theatre of the Corin
thian Gate, and I was not satisfied witl
your laugh; it was, at the utmost, a si;
laugh. My dear Mr. Jleinrich, this is tli
way you ought to laugh."
And thereupon, as if to give him the ex
ample, he burst into a laugh so sharp, s<
sardonic, that the orchestra and the dancer
stopped at the very instant, and the glass ii
the windows trembled. The stranger con
tinued this pitiless and convulsive laugh fo
several minutes, and Heinrich and his com
panions, in spite of their terror, could no
help imitating it.
When Heinrich had recovered himsell
the vaults of the tavern were repeating, lik
a feeble echo, the last notes of that broke
and terrible laugh, but the stranger was n
longer there.
-* * * * * *
Some days after this strange incideni
which he had almost forgotten, or which h
remembered only as a joke of an ironic?
burgher, Heinrich was playing his part <
the demon in the new piece. On the lir>
e row of seats in the orchestra was seated th<
3- stranger of the tavern, and at every won
pronounced he shook his head, winked hi
a eyes, smacked his tongue against his palate
r and showed signs of the liv<niest impatience
o "Bad, bad !" he murmured to himself.
r His neighbors, astonished and shocked a
II his manners, applauded, and thought t<
e themselves that the gentleman was verj
u hard to please.
i- At the end of the first act, the strangei
e arose as if he had taken a sudden resolution
strode over the big drum, the cymbals anc
e the trombone, and disappeared through th<
s little door that leads from the orchestra t<
the stage. Heinrich, waiting until the cur
0 tain rose, was walking up and down in th(
1 wings, and when he came to the end of hi;
r short promenade, what was his terror to set
s as he turned, standing in the middle of the
t narrow corridor, a mysterious personage
- clothed exactly as he was, and who looked
r at him with eyes' whose greenish transpaf
rency had a strange profundity in the da rkness
; the white, sharp, wide-set teeth gave
3 something ferocious to the sardonic smile.
1 Heinrich could not fail to recognize the
l stranger whom he had seen at the T wolf
Heaefed Eagle, or rather the devil in per.
son, for it was he.
1 "Ah. ah. mv vountr friend ! vou wish tc
, play the devil! You were very middling in
- the first act, and you would decidedly give
I a poor idea of me to the good citizens of Vienna.
You will allow me to replace you
this evening; and, as you might interfere
? with me, I will send you to the cellar below
5 the stage."
Heinrich recognized the Prince of Darki
ness. and felt himself lost. Putting his hand
1 mechanically to the little cross tnat Katy
t had given him, he tried to call for help, and
i to murmur his formula of exorcism ; but
- terror choked him ; he could only utter a
} feeble rattle. The devil seized Heinrich
I with his hooked hands by the shoulders and
pushed him by main force through the floor ;
t then he entered upon the scene, when his
I cue came, like a perfect actor,
r His incisive, biting, venomous and truly
i diabolical acting at first surprised the spec(
tators. What especially produced a great
' effect was that sharp titter like the grating
| of a saw, that laugh of the damned, blas1
pheming the joys of paradise. Never had
I an actor attained such power of sarcasm,
3 such a depth of villainy ; the audience
. laughed, but they trembled. All the aul
dience was panting with emotion ; plios[
phoric sparks glinted from the fingers of the
t terrible actor; trains of sparkling flame ran
[ from Ms feet; me ngnt 01 me lusires
grew pale, the footlights shot out reddish
; and greenish flashes; a sort of sulphurous
[ smell reigaed in the theatre; the spectators
5 were, as it were, delirious, and thunders of
> frantic applause greeted each phrase of the
s marvelous Mephistopheles? who often substituted
verses of his own invention for the
[ verses of the poet, and the substitution was
. always happy and accepted with transports.
[ Katy, who was in the theatre, was in a
. state of extraordinary alarm ; she did not
i recognize her dear Heintich ; she presaged
; some misfortune with that spirit of divina,
tion which love gives.
^ The performance ended amidst indescrib!
able enthusiasm. When the curtain fell,
the public called for Mephistopheles with
^ loud cries. He was sought for in vain ; but
L at last a scene shifter came and told the
L manager that Heinrich had been found in
the cellar, where he had probably fallen
, through a trap.
, The hapless actor was taken up. His
clothing was burned in places, and on his
[ shoulders were deep scratches. They spoke
to him, but he did not answer.
Heinrich Falkenstein was dead.
BARRY.
Miss Abigail Burr was a little brown old
maid, who lived in a little brown old house
with her cat, Debby, and her woman-of-allwork,
Prudence, sharp of tongue, long of
visage, browner and older than the mis'
tress herself. There was nothing of grace,
' nor beauty, nor sweetness about Miss Abigail's
life; everything was dry, and hard,
and husky. Indeed, some people were so
' uncharitable as to say that her heart was
liken verv much dried-nn kernel in a nut
shell, und would rattle if she were to be
shaken hard enough. But I never quite
L believed that. I alwav said there was a
. soft spot in Miss Abigail's heart, to be found
when the time came to find it.
One spring twilight a boy opened Miss
: Abigail's garden gate and walked up the
L path between the rows of straggling lilacs.
' He was not a boy who lived about Capers[
town or he would not have dared venture,
J I am sure, for Prudence's sake, besides
having nothing to venture for. He was an
' unkempt, starved-looking little specimen
! of humanity. His coat was a world too
1 long and patched at the elbows; and his
' trousers were a world too short and patched
at the knees. His hat was guiltless of brim,
I and through a hole in the crown bobbed a
[ little tuft of hair which had once been
! brown, but was now wofully faded. He
5 went straight up to Miss Abigail's porch
steps. Miss Abigail was sitting on the
1 porch in her high-backed rocking-chair so
intent on binding off her stocking-heel that
she heard neither the click of the gate-latch
t nor the footsteps on the hard-trodden path,
and she did not look up until ^the boy's
i figure interposed itself between lier work
' and the fading sunset light.
i He doffed his tattered hat-crown.
, "If you please, ma'am, will you?may
J I have something to eat ?"
t It was not at all a tramp's manner of ask
iner: there was manliness in the voice which
7 Miss Abigail could not help but notice.
J Perhaps that was the reason she looked
' at the boy sharply for a moment before she
answered. In that moment, Prudence, hill
> and angular, stood in the door with a shawl
J thrown over her head, and her right hand
> swathed with soft cotton.
"I'll ha ye to git Jonas Barrows' man to
? do the milkin'," said she. I can't. I've
burned my hand that bad."
The boy looked up quickly. "Can't I?
I could I milk for you?"
I As I have intimated, Prudence did not
like boys; and that she sometimes express
ed her dislike in a very forcible man?
ner, many of the village urchins could
t testify. Now, she surveyed this boy, stand
ing by the porch steps, from his bare brown
- feet to his brown head, not forgetting tin
^ fjuled little tuft, in dumb astonishisment,
"You might let him try, Prudence," said
I Miss Abigail, thinking rather dubiously
7 of the nervous, mouse-colored Alderney in
the yard.
> "I chored on a farm all bust summer," ex
plained the boy, eagerly, glancing from
? mistress to maid. "1 want some supper
- and I'll be glad to do something to pay
3 for it."
? "Well, you kin try it," said Prudence
> after a momentary deliberation. It's bet
ter'n begging a favor, anyhow."
I She led the way to the kitchen, and tool
i a shining tin pail from the dresser.
"Here's the milk-pail," she said to tin
r boy, who stood waiting; "an' the cow's
r in the yard yonder. Pay-day comes whci
- the work's done."
l And Prudence smiled grimly as she wen
y about setting out a lunch of bread and but
moof SJUn IV?lf mA^ollv onrfnii
C IC1 UilU V/VHl UIIV 1V1V illVKilM vv a kit > i
that the flighty Alderney lieifer, used onlj
- to woman-kind, would he much more like
o lv to spread a pair of bovine wings anc
s fly away than allow herself to be milkei
n by a boy.
i- "He can't do it," she said to Miss Abigail
r who presently brought her knitting worl
i- in the kitchen. "The heifer'll send bin
?t sky-high."
But he could and he did. Soon he ap
f, peared in the doorway, his pail brimming
e with snow foam.
n "Well, I never," ejaculated Prudence,
o "You didn't think I could?" said the boy
smiling brightly.
* "No, I did't," admitted Prudence; an<
t, straightway, in her astonishment, she aude<
e to his meafa segment of rhubarb pie.
d "Wasn't there a bit of cheese left Iron
>f tea?" asked Miss Abigail.
>t Prudence thought there was, and wliil
?
a she was fetching it from the cellar the boy
1 gave himself a healthy scrubbing at the
s pump, coming in from his ablutions fresh
, and ruddy as a rose. He was very hungry,
. there was no doubt of that. He looked at
Miss Abigail with a deprecating smile as
t Prudence carried oft' the bread plate for a
> third replenishing.
7 "I'm pretty hungry," said he. "This is
the first bite I've had since morning and it
r tastes good."
, To be sure it did. Miss Abigail thought
1 of a little brother who died years and years
i before, ere his tender feet began to feel the
) thorns in life's path. How strange that
- the sight of this little vagrant, satisfying
} his craving at her kitchen table, should
5 bring to her remembrance the child who had
; so early put off the mortal for the iinmor;
tal. Presently, when the boy had finished
? his repast, lie laid his knife across the plate
I with a methodical precision which it pleas
ed Miss Abigail to see, and then he glanced
from Prudence, standing near with arms
akimbo, to Miss Abigail.
"Thank you for my supper," said he.
s "Maybe I'd best be getting along. You
don't want a boy to work, do you?"
"A boy?to work!" echoed Prudence.
"Did 1 ever." w k
) "No we don't," said ftliss Abigail shortly,
i And then?it was strange enough that she
could not help thinking again of that frail
little life which had blighted in the bud so
long before.
"How far are you going?" she asked.
"I don't know, ma'am."
"And where have you come from ?" proceeded
Miss Abigail.
"Trescott, ma'am. Mother died there
three months ago." There was a pathetic
quaver in his voice.
And then, with little questioning, he told
his simple story. His name was Barry
Olmstead, and he was twelve years old.
He had lived in Trescott a long time?he
and his mother; they were very poor, but
fViarr Jiarl lror?f. o lifflo hnmp t/urpfner. Tfis
mother had taken in sewing, and lie had
worked for the neighboring farmers summers.
and gone to school winters. And lie
, had been happy, for all they were so poor,
until?mother died.
"Then I stopped with .Deacon Staples a
spell; he said he wanted to try me. But
they were going to bind me out to him, and
so I ran away."
"None to blame, nuther," interposed Prudence,
with a great deal of emphasis. "I've
seen old Staples, down to Trescott. He's
that mean he'd skin a mouse for the hide
and taller!"
"I've been trying along for a chance to
work," continued the boy, smiling faintly.
He was very near to tears now, but he held
them back sturdily. "But there don't anybody
seem to want me."
Miss Abigail was moved more than she
would have cared to own by this recital.
Even to her, who had lived for self so long,
there was something indescribably pitiful
in the thought of this little wanderer battling
alone with the world, buffeted by fortune,
drifting here and there as chance might J
dictate. It had grown dark now?the lamps
had long since been lighted; and there were
mutterings of distant thunder in the air.
"It's going to rain," said Miss Abigail.
"You needn't go to-night; you may sleep
in the stable loft."
Barry thanked her.
The storm broke with great violence.
And while Miss Abigail listened to the sharp
peals of thunder and the pouring of the rain
against the windows she thought of the
lonely little wayfarer in the stable loft with
a new, strange throb of pity. Morning
came, merry with bird song and glistening
with myriads of rain drops. Prudence was
up betimes, but early as it was, she heard
the ^>ound of an axe m the wood-shed; and
when she opened the dbor Barry smiled at
her from his post by the chopping-block.
"I don't think 1 paid enough for my sup.
per?I eat such a lot," he said, "so I've split
some kindlings, and I'll milk for you this
morning if you want me to."
Prudence brought the milk pail without
a word. But when she had prepared Miss
Abigail's morning meal, she made ready a
erood substantial breakfast for Barry, also.
When he had eaten it he took up his hat.
"Go out the way you came in," said Pruduce,
"'r else you'll bring bad luck."
Barry gave a little incredulous laugh, but
he went out to the porch. Miss Abigail was
there taking deep breaths of the fresh air,
and she bade liira a kind "Good morning,"
as he went off the steps and down the path
again, between the lilacs, exuberant in
growth but meagre in bloom.
"I wonder why my lilacs do not flower
more freely." This "Miss Abigail said to
Prudence, who had followed to the door.
"I dunno," answered Prudence.
Barry heard and turned. "I guess it's because
you leave the old blossoms on," he
said, hesitatingly. "Mother used to say I
must pick the blossoms off one year, if I
want any next."
And then he went out of the gate, closing
it carefully behind him, and along the moist,
brown highway.
"That is a very uncommon boy," said Miss
Abigail, lookingafterhim with seriouseyes.
"Yes," assented Prudence, "he's a clever
'nough little chap?for a boy."
"rl\\ fMt.L- i\f hits L-nnu-iiitr'.tluint tlif H
lacs," continued Miss Abigail, meditatively.
"I must cut off all the flowers this spring!"
"An' tie got as good a mess of milk from
the heifer as I could ha' done myself with a
well hand," Prudence went on.
"Yes, he would have been handy about
milking and getting the wood for you," said
Miss Abigail.
uAn' bringin' the letters from the post-office,"
proceeded Prudence. "It's a good
; piece over to the village in muddy weather."
"So it is," said Miss Abigail. She gazed,
reflectively along the road, which wound,
serpentine, to the little hamlet a mile away.
Barry was climbing the hill, a mere, pitiful,
, lonely speck, in the distance, as he was a
> mere insignificant atom in the great body
of humanity. Miss Abigail's eyes tilled.
"We might have kept him," she said.
"Tain't too late yit!" put in Prudence.
, The two women looked into each other's
. | eyes.
"If you could make him hear," began
[ f Miss Abigail.
. i For answer, Prudence strode to the road,
L | and sent a long, quavering crv after Barrv.
"B-o-o-y!"
But the little figure they were watching
I plodded steadily on.
"Gimme the old tin horn out'er thekitehi
en, Miss Abigail" called Prudence, excitedly,
"quick."
Miss Abigail, staid spinster that she was,
i without a thought ot the ludicrousness 01
} the proceeding, ran to the kitehen, snatched
- the horn from its nail, and ran out with it to
Prudence. And Prudence put it to her lips
i and blew a blast so long, so loud, that it
. startled the birds into silence, and set the
echoes ringing from hillside to hillside.
: "He c'h hear that if he e'n hear anything,"
she muttered.
? He did. J lestopped. Prudence flourishs
ed the horn in frantic excitement. There
i was a moment of suspense ; and then, Prudence
turned to Miss Abigail, standing by
t the gate.
- ! "He's a-comin' back," she said.
\ ' When Barry, breathless with the haste
r | he had made, reached the cottage, Miss Abi
gail was waiting on the porch.
1 "We made up our minds to keep you,"
1 said she, "so long as you don't give too much
trouble."
, "(), thank you, ma'am!" cried Barry,
c "Indeed, I'll try to please you."
i I am sure that he has succeeded ; for the
lilacs have been in bloom three times since
- that morning, and lie is with Miss Abigail
^ yet, growing tall and strong and manly as
the years go by. He tills the bit of a farm,
which had so long lain unimproved and in
, winter attends school at the village where
he is in excellent repute. He is, withal, so
1 faithful and helpful and kind that Prudence
1 is fain to apothegniatize the horn after this
fashion :
i "Harnesomo is as harnsome does; an'
you're deservin' of a bed o' velvet, old horn,
e for the good (Jeed you done that day."
^UsceU.tncous gtadwij.
SOCIETY AND CHURCH MANNERS.
When we tire to make one of a social
gathering at a friend's house, we are careful
to be on hand at the time appointed. We
would not think of entering a party after
the music had begun, or of going to a dining
after the other guests had sat down to
the table. How much less a breach of good
manners is it to be behind at church, to en
ter the house 01 uou alter the soiemu service
to his name has begun? Those good
men and women who are habitually "a little
late" at the sanctuary would not, for the
same reasons, be guilty "of the same discourtesy
anywhere else. There is no reasonable
excuse for constant tardiness in church going.
No disrespect for the service is intended.
Hut the thoughtless, negligent spirit
which allows it is itself disrespectful and
dishonorable to all concerned.
Were we invited to a neighbor's home to
hear his daughter play, or his son recite certain
pieces, we should feel bound to give attention.
'Twould be due to our neighbor
and to our own acceptance of his invitation,
to listen to the music or the recitation. We
should think it quite out of taste to be looking
idly about and manifesting entire indifference
to the exercise. And to betake us to
talking and laughing with those sitting by,
to quite turn away from all attention to the
friend's effort to entertain us?that would
be regarded, and would be a positive insult
to our neighbor and to the whole transaction.
Such a violation of all etiquette and
decorum, no well bred man woula or could
be guilty of. Is it becoming, then, to sit in
God's house, when his messenger is speaking
%to us, staring listlessly and vacantly
around ? Is it a seemly thing, when the
minister of God labors not merely to entertain
but to instruct us, to show, by our demeanor,
the utmost indifference to all that
_ i- - i 1 4.1.~ 4-:.~~ M
is oemg sum, unit 10 pass mu nine m mtutting
and jesting, exchanging trivial and
even jovial observations ? What less is this
than to despise the Most High and express
our contempt to his face ? As well turn the
house of God, as his temple of old was turned,
into a place of buying and selling as into
a place for diversion. Who, of all the
weekly worshippers at God's House, would
at a social meeting be found axleep f What
are the habits and circumstances that one
would be willing to plead as extenuating
such behavior "in company" ? How is it.
then, that good men are ready to pardon and
even justify themselves for taking a nap in
church ? How is it that, oftentimes, the
drowsy feelings are at once accepted as the
inevitable, and one is seen willingly composed
to slumber.
When, in company, one is addressing
us?relating an incident or making even a
dry statement^we do not take off our eyes
or attention to see every new accession to
the party. For respect to him who is ad1
* - ?: x? ; x* j.
dressing us, we repress our curiosity n it
stir in us. But at church not a man,
not a child, can enter after service has
begun, but we must see who the party is and
where lie finds a seat. Such anxious turning
and twisting of heads and necks are
seen nowhere else as at church, during the
preaching. Few ministers have not had as
good occasion to do as Henry Clay Bean is
said to have done once. Observing his people
again and again turning to see the new
comers, he stopped in his sermon and said,
"Now you listen to me and I will tell you
who the people are, as each one comes in!"
And so he did.
Is not God more than man ? Is not his
house and its assemblies more than our
neighbor's house and any assembly that can
gather there? Are not'fyul manners, that
are so jealously avoided in society, to be
more shunned and put far from us, in the
sanctuary of the Lord ? Every intelligent
person, old or young as well, knows what
is decorous and seemly at church, as what
is becoming in society. And not to know
how to behave ourselves in the house of God
is to treat Him with irreverence. Nothing
that is unseemly there is trifling. To be illbehaved
there is to be a vain or a profane
person. For every idle word and deed, for
every sort of depoitn-.cnt out of keeping
with the holy place, rie.i shall give account
in the day of judgme: "Negative sins,"
says Prof. Phelps, "are . onetimes most intensely
sinful. Heedless sins aresometimes
most fearfully fatal."?A. 11. Presbyterian.
HOW "GREASERS'' LIVE.
The word "Greaser" is applied to the common
native or Indian Mexican. There is
a great and marked difference, like a caste
distinction, between the "Greaser" Mexican
and the Spanish Mexican, who boasts of a
descent from pure Castillian blood. The
former is lazy, thriftless, ignorant supersti
tius and unstable. The latter is usually
bright active and intelligent. As might be
expected, they in harmony with the white
element, control most of the wealth and
commerce of the country. In the Northern
States of old Mexico the greater portion ol
the people are of the former class, and hence
the governments are unstable and subject
to frequent revolutions under the influence
of factious leaders. In the more Southerly
States there is a greater diffusion of the Castillian
blood and revolutions are more rare
and difficult. On the ranch or village home
of the "Greaser" Mexican everything bears
the stamp of negligence and shiftlessness.
I Their gaunt, sharp-nosed, long-legged and
tan-colored hogsfhare with their owners in
the comforts Of the family residence. No
fences except brush surround their fields,
j Generally there are none. They raise just
sufficient wheat, barley, beans and chili
[ (red peppers) to meet their absolute needs.
: They thresh their crops upon bare, smooth
I ground by driving flocks of goats over them
J and washing in the nearest stream. They
often plough with a crooked stick, and the
I hoe is their schythe, sickle and reaper,
Even their hay is cut with a hoe. They as
a rule live in' villages and cultivate small
fields upon their outskirts. Livingasthey
do, and possessing a soil which under irrigation
is wonderfully productive, they require
but little ground to cultivate. For
this reason at points between their village*
there are large tracts of unoccupied lands
subject to entry which are being rapidly
I occupied by Americans.
! An impression prevails somewhat at the
I North and East that the inertia of this
people is due largely to some enervating
; influence of the climate. This is an error
| The climate is superb, and the air exhilarating
rather than enervating. I have been
herein all seasons, and know of no climate
where I can exert myself so freely with sc.
little exhaustion. This is the universal
record of American settlers. Itnrely doe*
the mercury range over 1)0 degrees in the
Hottest summer day, and the hottest summer
heats are almost invariably tempered
by pleasant breezes. I have never heard
of a case of sunstroke here. The night*
are always cool, requiring blankets foi
comfort, and free from mosquitoes, and.sleep
is sweet and restful. I have never seen
a niosnuito-bar in New Mexico, nor have
I felt the need of one. As I have said before,
taken as a whole the country is 1101
beautiful nor attractive to the eye. Tlu
mountain scenery is at many points wonder
fully beautiful and picturesque. But apart
from the mountains and the few river valleys
the country is one vast cattle range.
The Origin* of Restaurants.?The ust
; of restaurants has become so general al
i over the world that it will be interesting t<
i many to hear how they originated, and t<
what they owe their now familiar name
It appears that the first of these establish
ments was started in 17G">, by a man rejoic
ing in the not inappropriate name of Boul
ange. This date has, however, nothing t<
do with the choice of the title by whicl
the new houses of entertainment wen
> known. In order to explain this we mus
i go back to the seventeenth century, at tin
i end of which one of the soups, or liquic
? aliments, most used by the people was i
bouillon known as the "divine restorer.'
' It was made up of the remains of fowls ant
, viands boiled down in an alembic, witl
crushed barley, dried roses and Damascui
currants. As it was only the class of coni!
paratively well to-do persons who could afford
such a luxury, a genius was required to
bring the "divine restorer" within the reach
of all the multitude. He was found in a
certain doctor named Guilliard, who proposed
to provide "an excellent substitute"
for the real nectar by cooking a fat fowl in
a little aromatized water, and selling the
bouillon as "divine." At that time the
privilege of cooking and serving ragout#
tiroo i>n?iQHi'ufl fni. tho nr lifPnSPfl
victualers, and that of providing set dinners
was secured by charter to the corporation
of the rotmeurs. But the new sellers
of the "restaurant divine" were free lances,
bound by no particular rule, and they moreover
claimed to have a more select set of
clients than the common eating-houses.
Consequently the restaurants, as they came
to be called, soon achieved an extraordinary
reputation, and at length their proprietors
found it necessary to combine with their
old profession that of traiteurs, which word
was in the process eclipsed by the more
new-fangled term restaurateur.
A Remarkable Calculation.?A curious
illustration has been afforded by the
New York Journal of Commerce. It takes
up an utterance of the Rev. Adriondak
Murray, who said in a recent lecture:
"Now the population of the earth is 1.000,000,000,
and a generation dies every thirty
t ?i i\m\ ruM\ _
years. inevery uiu iy .years, mcii r,uw,ww,000
human beings go out of the world and
1.000,000,000 come in. Forty years ago the
cnurch taught that the world was 0,000 years
old. She doesn't to-day pretend to guess
within 100,000 years how old the world is.
Very well. What has been the population
of the world since the race began? Who
can estimate the number? By what arithmetic
shall you compute the swarming millions
? Take the globe and flatten it into a
vast plain, 24,(XX) by twenty-four, and would
it accommodate a fraction of the human
beings that have lived upon its surface?
Where is the locality of the judgment to be,
then ? Can it have a locality ?'
To this the Journal replies: "Now make
the widest conceivable estimates. Suppose
that the human race has existed on this
earth 100,(XX) years, that the population has
never from the flrst day been smaller than
this estimate for the present time?namely,
1,000,000,000. For the sake of easy calculation,
instead of the estimate of thirty years
to a generation, call it three generations to
a century. There will appear to have been
.3,(XX) generations of 1,(XX),000,000 each, who,
being assembled, require standing room.
For a crowded meeting of men, women and
children, it would be ample estimate to give
each two square feet of room. A square
mile contains, in round numbers, 25,000,000
square feet, and 12,500,(XX) persons could
stand on it. Therefore, eighty square miles
would hold a generation, and 3,000 times
that space would hold the population of
100,000 years. That is to say, 240,(XX) square
miles would contain them, and, gathered in
a parallelogram, they would stand in a
space 600 miles long oy 400 broad. They
could easily be accommodated in one or
two of our States.
"Dead and buried, side by sine, tney
would require five times their standing
space, or (say) 1,200,000 square miles, and
the United States has ample wild, lands, as
yet unwanted and unocupied, to give them
a cemetery. If any one wishes he may estimate
how many thousand years of generations
could find graves in this country
without crowding each other. Whoever
will may imagine the population assembled
in a circle, or in a vast theater, with floor
above floor, each floor diminishing the surface
area of the building. It will do people
of vivid imaginations good to reduce such
imaginations to the facts of figures, and any
school girl can do it."
Water as Drink.?Many persons drink
ordinarily as little water as possible, and
none at all at meal times, because they suppose
that water dilutes the gastric juice.
Experiments, however, show that the dilution
does not diminish the power of
the gastric juice and further, that water
alone as well as solid food, awakens its
secretion. A paper read by Dr. Webster,
of Boston, at a meeting of a learned med'
ical society, took the ground that water,
used moderately at meals, is beneficial, and
that a large class of persons drink too little,
i The result is, if too little water is drank?
especially if the person eats heartily?the
perspiration and the kidney secretion are
I .12 \Trt4- Anlff fKair Kiif fllO luocf/i
j Uliiiiiiirmtru. , uut vuv uuww
| of the system, which can be removed only
] in a state of solution, is not eliminated with
sufficient regularity and the system becomes
gradually clogged by it. The accumulation
is slight from day to day, but in time unpleasant
symptoms are developed. These
symptoms are of an infinite character?discomfort,
even pain, sometimes in one place
and sometimes in another, constipation and
unhealthy hue of the skin. "Patients, said
Dr. Webster, "who drank no more than a
pint of water a day have told me that they
were not thirsty. They were surprised
when told to drink more. Those who have
' followed this suggestion in the course of a
1 week have developed this thirst, and drank
as much as three pints of water a day." We
may add that water taken into the stom1
ach is at once rapidly absorbed by the
blood vessels. A bowl of well-seasoned
1 broth, as a first course, is specially helpful
to the above class of patients. A large
I quantity of ice water is harmful to any one.
I The Earth's Crust.?Mr. Robert II.
! Ward, considers that the assumption is a
; fiillacy that all but the crust of the earth is a
! mass "of liquid fire. One of the results of
the Challenger and other explorations of
i deep ocean, he says, is to determine that the
< water towards its bottom is freezing cold.
'! Considering that the ocean covers nearly
'! three-fourths of the entire globe, this
, | fact does not support the theory of central
. I.nnt .innnmruiniarl h\' rflfl ill tf nil. Thp Pnld
' , UCai OVU;iliJ/?HlVV4 WJ AMV*?t?vax/??. _..W ^ ?
est water, it is true, usually sinks by its
' greater weight toward the bottom, and that,
it may be said, accounts for its coldness ; but
on the theory of radiation the water of the
j ocean has been for long geological ages sup>
i ported upon the thin crust of the tarth,
>} through which the central heat has been
' constantly escaping, and yet it is still of
' freezing coldness. Experience would say
;! that the heat cannot have escaped through
>1 the water without warming it, because the,
; i capacity of the water for heat is greater
. than that of any other substance. We can
! no more, he concludes, imagine such a ral
diationand consequent accumulation of heat
! in the ocean without the natural result of a
>! great rise in the temperature, than we can
I ! believe in a kettle resting for hours on a hot
> i fire without the usual result of boiling wa5j
tor! ^
[ j Old Age.?The brain in old persons, after
[ i the age of 70, diminishes both in bulk and
.; density, and thus becomes lighter. Its ca.
i parity for continuous hard work is thereby
, I lessened as really as is that of the body for
, t muscular labor.
. | As an old man, however, has the aceumu.
j lated knowledge, skill and practical expek;
rience of almost a lifetime, and that won}
derful facility which comes of habit, he may,
i i with good health and care, do much of his
tI best work in the neighborhood, say, of 80.
. | He cannot bear mental strain, and he
must not attempt mental "spurts," but he
1 can still show himself a "workman that
i I needeth not to be ashamed."
1 j Since, however, the brain is not then so
) firmly supported by the skull, and is slighc)
er in texture, the blood vessels are more
. easily dilated or ruptured. The danger of
paralysis and apoplexy is still further in
creased, because the blood vessels become in
old age more or less ossified and brittle, and
) thus less able to sustain a sudden rush of
i blood.
} The aged should carefully abstain from
t every form of violent action, and, indeed,
i from every violent emotion. The full term
I of toil, whether in rearing and supporting
i children or in the service of the public,
' earns a right to what is the normal physi1
ological condition of age?freedom from all
i that annoys, perplexes, harasses, excites and
s burdens.? Youtn'x Companion.
A REMARKABLE STORY.
In the Surrogate's Court, of New York,
on the 6th of May, much excitement was
created by the development of a peculiar,
interesting and romantic story. The prin
cipal actors are young men of high social
standing and wealth. The story is as follows
:
In 1809, William Tilden, a relative of
Samuel J. Tilden, died, leaving an estate
valued at $2,500,000. He divided it equally
between his four sons?William, Mulano C,.
Marmaduke and Beverie B. Tilden?aged
20, 15, 12 and 9 years. Josiah M. Fiske,
Wm. T. Blodgett, Davis Dows, Charles Tracy
and N. C. Ely, were appointed executors.
In 1870 the executors employed an Italian
named Biazzi as tutor and manager for the
boys, and they were sent to Europe. In
Paris, they occupied the rooms formerly occupied
by the Prince of Wales and other
members of the Royal family of England.
They then proceeded to Berlin, and lived
in sumptuous style, expending in sixteen
months about $70,000.
Theeldestof the four, William, purchased
a palace in Coburg for $40,000 and with it
the title of Baron. While in his palace he
became very much interested in the wife of
fA?mQi< nurnai* otld uuru CAnn WHS HtlHpr
uit xv/iiiiui \J yy iiv* j UIIVI T v* j .wv/?- TI?W ?.?% ?.
complete control of her husband, to whom
he gave a power of attorney and permitted
him to purchase all the furniture for his
palace.
In 1872 the executors discovered the condition
of affairs abroad, and by the payment
of a very large sum of money, the
young man was extricated from his difficulties.
The four then conceived the idea of a
ball in honor of Americans in Germany.
They hired an immense hall at great expense,
and gave the ball, which was widely
commented on. When they returned home
the executors footed up their expenses for
two years and four months at $185,000.
They were sent to Harvard College, but
did not remain there. William was made
an executor of the estate, and in 1877 a partner
in the business formerly carried on by
his father. This he was compelled to give
up, owing to his inability to manage it.
Many accountings were had for which large
counsel fees were paid.
In 1877 Gustavus G. J. The band was appointed
guardian of Beverie B. Tilden. lie
received $1,250 and afterward, it is alleged,
was locked up in Ludlow Street Jail for
eleven months, for misappropriating $15,000
belonging to another estate for which he
was the attorney. From the accounting
now in progress before a referee, it appears
that the two oldest sons have been paid
$175,000 more than their share. It is also
charged that ajnortgage for $100,000 on Jersey
City property, with the interest, was
collected by the executors, and that one of
them deposited the money to his private account.
The estate is in a bad condition and will
yield but $100,000 to each of the youngest
sons. The executors are charged with propurinc
mtifipiitions of their acts bv threats.
Beverie B. Tilden now seeks to have the
various accountings opened on the ground
that the expenditures were foolish and rash,
unnecessary and contrary to his father's
will.
He also claims that the executors should
be charged with the unnecessary expenditures.
The executors make a general denial
and declare that they have accounted for
every cent they spent, and that the boys,
when they came of age, ratified their acts.
Take Care of the Eyes.?"Nellie, I
fear you will injure your eyes," I said to a
young girl, who sat reading in the twilight.
"My eyes are very strong," she replied,
"why, I can look right straight at the sun."
Now every one will acknowledge that such
eyes are a great blessing, seldom possessed
by the present weak-eyed generation; but I
fear even Nellie's strong eyes will soon be
injured if she persists in using them under
such trying circumstances?reading fine
print in the moonlight, or at a long distance
from the lamp, or allowing the full glare of
the noonday sun to reflect into her eyes from
the printed page. Sewing on black goods
by the lamp light she thinks nothing of,
nor of sitting up until midnight half the
nights in the week to read an interesting
book. Now all these things are hurtful to
the eyes, and no more than one person in a
thousand can practice them and remain uninjured.
As no one can be sure of being the
lucky person, it behooves all to take proper
care of these priceless members.
When the the eyes are tired and inflamed
at night I find it rests them for the next
day to bind over them a wet towel on retiring.
Lately, I have laid next my eyes a
small sack containing dampened salt, and
find it better still. No matter if the brine
finds its way beneath the closed lids; the
smarting will last but a minute. Indeed, I.
often rub it into the eyes and find it strengthens
them. Years of practicing this have
proved that although it will not make weak
eyes strong, it will do more toward warding
off" the day of spectacles than an improper
use of them, and a dozen bottles of
eye water and boxes of salve. I became
quite interested in knitting lace; but last
winter I found that the necessary fine work
with my reading and writing was all my
eves could endure. I have not knit six
inches in as many months, and although I
often think of the real thread I wanted for
my curtains, I know it will not pay to
knit it.
What to Say.?Say "I would rather
walk," and not "1 had rather walk."
Say "I doubt not that I shall," and not
"but I shall." .
Say "for you and me," and not "for you
and I."
Say "whether I be present or not," and
not "present or no."
Say "not that I know," and not "that I
know of."
Say "return to me," and not "return it
back to me."
Say "I seldom see him" and not "seldom
or ever see him."
Say "fewer friends," and not "less
friends."
Say "game is plentiful," and not "is plenty.
Say "I am weak in comparison with you,"
and not "to you."
Say "it rains very fast," and not "very
L.x.,1 1)
iliUU.
Say "in its primitive sense," and not "primary
sense."
Say "he was noted for his violence," and
not "he was a man notorious for violence."
"Say I lifted it," and not "I lifted it up."
And last, but not least, say "I take my
paper, and pay for it in advance."
Whisperings for Bachelors.?None
but the married man has a home in his old
age : none has friends then but "he; none
but lie lives and freshens in his green old
age, amid the affections of wife and children.
There are no tears shed for the old bachelor
; there is no one in whose eyes he can
see himself reflected, and from whose lips
he can receive the unfailing assurances of
care and love. No, the old bachelor may be
tolerated for his money; he may eat and
drink and revel as such do ; and he may
sicken and die in a hotel or a garret with
I plenty of attendants about him, like so
I Knf
uiuiiycurium mi u> wciiung u>i mui j u\a%.
where are the moistened eye, and gentle
hand, and lovinglips thatougnt to receive his
last farewell ? He will never know what it is
to be loved, and to live and die amid a loving
circle. He will go from this .world, ignorant
of the delights of the domestic fireside,
and on the records of humanity his life
is noted?a blank. In
France, it is stated that there are
219,270 houses without any window whatever,
light and air being obtained through a
mere hole in the door. In Paris between
3,000 and 4,000 families live in single rooms
without means of warming, and between
2,000 and 3,000 families live in cupboards, so
to speak, dark holes without any aperture
for the admission of fresh air or the sunlight.
Thirty thousand habitations consist
of a single room.