Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, March 10, 1881, Image 1
lewis m. grist, proprietor. J J nil cpf iiinni ^amilj ftetospaptr: jfffr ijjt Iromiition of fbe folifital, Social, Hgriraltaral anb (Commercial $nlcrcsts of % Sonfj). TERMS--$2.50 A YEAR, IN ADVANCE.
VOL. 27. - YOEKVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, MARCH lO, 1881. NO. lO.
V ___i
J?'rlcttcd p?0ct(D.
A BACHELOR'S LIFE.
A bachelor's life is merry and free,
His heart is not shrouded with care;
He has no children climbing his knee,
And squalling aud crying out "Pa."
But his days roll oii like a pleasant dream,
And are calm as a summer's sky,
And serenely he glides down time's hast}'stream
'Till the springs of his life are dry.
He has no wife who uses sweet words,
Who calls him "my dear" and "my honey !"
Who warbles her voice like the song of the birds,
Whenever?she wants any money ;
Who kisses and hugs him and says "my love,
I want a new bonnet and dress
And thus it goes on till the benedict finds
He has got in a terrible mess.
But a bachelor's life is untrammeled and free,
As the greatest of earthly kings;
While the married man must his wifeobey,
And {rack up and be otf to the springs.
And while the old bachelor's laughing in glee,
And basking in pleasure's smile.
The married man is called by a voice?
"My dear take care of this child."
Then the bachelor's life is the life for me,
In this sorrow-clad sphere of ours;
I wish to wander untrammeled and free
And taste earth's beautiful flowers.
Let others seek to repose in bliss
'Neath the shade of the marriage tree;
But give me, in a world like this,
A bachelor's life so free.
?ltC J>tail) Icllct. *
THE OUTPOST.
Towards the latter part of the year 1751,
the French, aided by vast bodies of the Hurons
and Iroquois Indians, had begun to
make themselves very disagreeable neighbors
to the British and American colonies in
Northern Virginia and the North west portiou
of New York State?the French by their encroachmeut
on the frontier, and the Indians
by their numerous forays and savage barbarity
to all who were unfortunate enough to
fall into their hands.
To put a stop to these aggressive proceedings,
numerous bodies, both of the regulars
and colonial militia, were despatched to the
several points assailed; among the rest a Col.
Henry Innis, with a company of thirty men,
was ordered to occupy a small outpost, or log
fort, which at that period, stood within a few
miles from the North fork of the Alleghany
river.
Having arrived safely at their quarters, the
little company set about righting up the old
post to make it as comfortable as circurastan
ces would permit; and this being done and
order once more restored, sentries were placed
at all the advanced points of the station,
while the strictest vigilence was both enjoined
and exercised by day and night.
Amoug the Virginia riflemen who had
volunteered into the company, was a tall
manly looking young fellow who from fatal
and unerring skill as a marksman had received
the somewhat inspiring nom de plume of
Death. But with whatever justice his name
had been applied to him for his skill, his disposition
certainly entitled him to no such terror
spreading epithet.. On the contrary, he
was the very life of the company.
His rich fund of mother wit, large social
propensities and constant good nature ren
. .1 L ? - 1 mnn
uereu niru a genera* lavunw: mm m^ mv..,
while the never failing stock of game which
his skill enabled him to supply the mess table
of the officers with, not only recommended J
him to their good graces, but caused many a ;
little short coming of his to be winked at and
passed over in silence, which otherwise, perhaps,
he might not have got over so easy.
The company had not been stationed at
the fort more than a week, ere Death, in one
of his excursions for game, discovered a small
farm house, some three miles from the fort,
where lived a certain Miss Hester Stanhope, ;
whose equal in beauty and amiable qualities
he had never seen before. And to render
himself still more certain of the fact, he j
called on the following day under cover of
the pretense of having left his powder flask.
Death was invited to come again by farmer
Stanhope, who happened to be from the
same parish as the father of our hero ; and
we need scarcely say that the invitation was
both eagerly and joyfully accepted, and as
often as circumstunces would permit, complied
with.
The second week after this occurrence took
place, was marked with two events, which, j
though singular, both affected the welfare of j
widely different degrees of importance. The
first was. Death had either lost his skill as a |
marksman or that game had removed to a !
safer or more distant neighborhood, for the J
officers' larder had been found sadly wanting |
in the items of wood cocks, black-cocks, partmigan,
&c., for the week past?and the sec- j
end and most important of the two events, j
was, that in regular succession, four sentinels j
h id disappeared from the extreme left liue, !
without leaving the slightest trace to elucidate j
the mystery of their disappearance.
The circumstance struck such a dread iuto
the breast of the company, that no one ;
could be found willing to volunteer to take j
the post?well knowing it would be only like j
signing their own death warrant to do so ; |
and Co!. Innis, not wishing to wilfully sacrifice
the lives of his men by compelling them
to go, enjoined double caution on the remainder
of the sentiuels, and left the post uuoc-1
cupied for a night or two.
fwo or three recouuoitering parties had !
been dispatched off around the neighborhood
in the hope of finding some clue to the mys :
tery, or of obtaining some intelligence of the
enemy, but each of them returned as wise as j
they started, with no reward for their trouble j
except weary bones.
It was on the third night of the desertion
of the post that our hero, Death, was re- J
turning to the fort, after paying a visit to
Stanhope's farm. The moon was up, but her
light was nearly all obscured by the dense
masses of clouds which at every few minutes
... ?^ o otlft' Kroovo nt'Pr lipr
w CI C U11VC11 UJ <* |M I.U ) OUI1 w?vv?iw v.v. ..V.
face, while the huge trees, now all in full
leaf, cracked and groaned, and bent their
tall forms to and fro, as the heavy gusts rushed
whistling in among their branches.
Our hero had approached within a hundred
yards of the termination of the forest
that skirted the smail open space in which
the fort stood, when he suddenly paused and
crouchiug dowu upon his hands and knees
crept cautiously forward a few paces. Having
remained iu this position for several min
utes, he stealthily again returned in the manner
he had advanced, and plunged into the
forest at a point considerably lower than
where he had intended to leave it before.
Col. Innis sat reading alone in his private
apartment, when an orderly entered and in
formed him that one of the meu wished to
speak to him.
"Send him in," said the colonel ; and at
the next moment our friend Death had entered,
and made his bow to the commanding
officer.
"Well, what scrape have you been getting
into now?" said the colonel when he saw who
his visitor was.
"None,Colonel," replied Death, "but I have
come to ask a favor."
"Let us hear it," said the Colonel, "and we
will then see what we can do."
"Well, Colonel, it is simply this, if you
will put the "rifles" under my orders for tonight,
and let me occupy the deserted post,
I will not only clear up the mystery of the
disappearance of the sentries, but make the
post teuable for the future."
"But how ?" said the Colonel, in inten6e
surprise.
"I guess, Colonel," answered Death, "you
| had better let me have the meu, and order
us off, and I'li tell you the whole affair af
terwards. I promise that not one shall re|
ceive a single scratch, that is if they follow
! ray directions implicitly."
"You are a strange man," said theColouel,
j "but I think I will let you have your way
{this time. When do you intend to start ?"
"In about an hour's time," answered the
: elate Death.
"Very well, I will give necessary orders,
so that you can start when you thiuk proper.
And what is more, if you perform all that
you have promised and don't cause me to
repent having honored you, you shall have
poor Campbell's place.
Hector Campbell was a brave but very
head strong young Scotchman, who had occupied
the post of Lieutenant at the fort.
In a sudden freak of daring he volunteered
to stand sentry at the fatal spot where three
sentries had already mysteriously disappeared,
and he paid for his rashness with his life.
"Now my lads," said Death, "as in about
an hour after his conversation with Col. Inuis,
he approached the deserted posts at the
head of a dozen riflemen who had been temnlon/wi
nnrlui. Viio mmmsnfj "I will
JJWiailljr |;iatw uuuvt mo vvuiuiwux?y .....
tell you what v/e are going to do. The long
and short of tie affair is simply this: it's a
gang of them cussed thieviu' Iroquois that
have circumvented and carried off our four
men?shooting them with their rifles."
"To-night as I was returning to the fort, I
suddenly thought I heard the sound of several
voices, and ereepiug on my hands and
kuees towards t.he spot, got near enough to
hear aud see that about a dozen Iroquois
were then and there arranging their plans to
surprise the fort to-night?intending to steal
in upon it by the poiut which their cussed
deviltry had reudered so easy of access. I
only stopped long enough to learn this, when
I hurried off to the Colonel aud asked him to
place you at ray disposal ; and here we are.
I did not say a word to him about what I had
learned, being determined that if possible
the "rifles" should have the honor of exterminating
the varlets. And now I ask you, are
you willing and ready to follow my orders?"
Every man cheerfully answered in the affirmative;
and with quickened pulse, and
sanguine hopes, the little company moved forward
again.
The post consisted of a loug narrow space,
bounded on each side by a rocky shelving
bauk, while its extreme end was closed in by
dark and impenetrable looking forests.
The bank on each side of the pass was covered
thickly with brush and undergrowth, and
among these Death now carefully concealed
his men ; taking care to arrange them so that
their fire would cross each other, and bidding
them not to fire until he had given them the
signal, and after they had fired not to stop to
reload, but clubbing their rifles, to jump down
and finish the struggle in that manner.
With steady alacrity each man took up the
post assigned him ; and iu another moment
the spot presented the same lone, still and
solemu appearauce it had worn previous to
their arrival.
The little company had begun to grow very
impatient, and Death himself feared they had
either abandoned the attempt, or else changed
tkui. nlon nV altonk tution utirldonlv hififmifk
eye detected the form of one of his crafty foes
issue, in a crouching position, from the deep
shadow which the lofty trees threw far up the
pass.
"Three, six, nine, twelve, thirteen," counted
Death, as one after another they emerged, in
single file, from the wood, and with quick,
cat-like stt#ilthiness of movement, advanced
up the pass, their rifles in trail and their faces
and bodies rendered still more hideous and
ferocious looking by the grotesque markings
of their war paint. On they come, swiftly
and silently, and all unconscious of the fate
that was in store for them.
The foremest of the baud, whose commanding
stature, wolf-teeth collar, and eagle tuft,
at once proclaimed him as the chief, had advanced
until he was directly opposite the bush
in which Death was hid, when the latter, with
startling distinction, suddenly imitated the
cry of a night owl, and discharged his rifle.
Eight of the Indians fell by the volley now
pnttred in upon them, but strange to say one
of tlie five that did not fall was the chief that
Death aimed at. This unusual event was
owing to the following cause: the branch of
the bush on which he had steadied his aim in
firing had suddenly yielded at the moment he
had discharged his piece, rendering harmless
his otherwise unerring aim.
Uttering an imprecation at his ill luck,
Death sprang down the bank with the rest of
his companions, and with one bound reached
the side of the Iroquois chief. They grappled
and both fell heavily to the ground, clasped
in a fearful embrace, aud darted glances of
savage hatred at each other beneath their
knitted and scowling brows.
"Keep off!" shouted Death, as he saw one
or two of his companions in the act of stooping
down to assist him, "Keep off! and if
he masters me let him go."
Over and c 'er they rolled, writhing and
straining* bu> seemingly neither obtaining
any advantage over the other. At last the
head of the Iroquois suddenly came in contact
with the poiut of a rock that protruded
from the bank, stunning him so that he re
leased his vise grip of Death's throat; and
the latter, thus released, springing to his feet
finished his career by bringing the heavy
breech of his rifle with sledge hammer force
down on his head.
The remaining four Indians had been likewise
dispatched ; and the victorious riflemen
(none of whom had received any wound
worth mentioning,) now set up such a shout
of triumph for their victory that the echoes of
the woods rung it for minutes after.
As Col. Iuuis promised, Death was promoted
to the vacant post of Lieutenant; and
now dear reader, we beg to inform you that
our hero and the uncompromising veteran
General Morgan, of revolutionary notoriety,
were one and the same individual. About a
fortnight after this eventful night, Stanhope's
tarm became tbe scene or as mucn rairin,
good eating and daucing, as could be possibly
disposed of during twenty-four hours, and
although we think it will be almost superfluous
to do so, will add, that the cause of all this
merry making was the marriage of the beauteous
Hester Stanhope to Lieutenant Henry
Morgan.
A Hard Customer.?A friend who has
been traveling recently in South-western
Georgia, heard of a man now living down in
Lowndes county, whose career has been remarkable
for more "hair breadth escapes"
and "imminent dangers" than usually fall to
the lot of one individual. When a boy, he
was caught in the woods by a panther, dread
fully lacerated and covered up for dead by
the animal, which then went in pursuit of
another boy who was with him at the time,
i His comrade, however, escaped and brought
! succor to him. Next he was bitten by a
rattlesnake and recovered. Then he was
| struck by lightning and for a while laid out.
Afterwards he was partially ground up in a
i sugar mill, but though badly mutilated, sur:
vived the casualty. Subsequently he got into
j a quarrel with a man ami killed him, for
j which he served out a term in the peuitentiary!
He is now waiting to see what will
"turn up" next. Our informant says this is
no fancy sketch, but positive facts, though
they may not be stated exactly in the order
of their occurrence.?Macon Citizen.
IWiscelliiueDus Reading.
:
COTTON MILLS IN SOUTH CAROLINA.
From the News and Courier, Charleston, S. C.
The Ked Bank Manufacturing Company.
This is the name of a thriving little cotton
I factory situated oil Red Bank Creek, in Lexington
county, about 13 miles from Columbia.
The factory, which was erected in 1873, is a
two-story frame building, 120 by 45 feet, with
a picker room attached 19 by 25 feet. The
company was first organized in 1873, with
Mr. J. P. Southern as president, Mr. John
Green as superintendent and Mr. \V. C. Swaffield
as secretary and treasurer. Mr. Green
now fills the position of president and superintendent,
and Mr. Swaffield remains secretary
and treasurer. The capital stock of the
company is 845,000, with a commercial capital
of 87,300, which has been created since
1873. The factory runs 1,936 spindles, and
new machinery has been ordered which will
increase the capacity 50 per cent. The ma
chinery used is partly American and partly
?* 1 % n 1 _ _ rrL
J&ngiisn, auu is in excellent onier. me company
employs 31 operatives, all white, who
are paid on an average ?4 S3 per week. The
weekly pay roll, not including salaries, is
SI34.47. The operatives are accommodated
in seven single and five double houses, owned
by the company on the place, rent free. The
operations of the factory are confined to the
manufacture of No. 20 warps, which find a
ready market in Philadelphia at thirty cents
per pound at present, against eighteen c? nts
per pound a year ago. The consumption of
raw cotton is 13,000 pounds per month, and
the production per month is 11,000 pounds of
warp. The waste is about lo per cent., a
large proportion of which is utilized and manufactured
into cotton twine. The Red Bank
Creek furnishes 50 horse power, and the factory
is run by a 52-inch Lafell's turbine
wheel. In answer to a question as to how the
enterprise was paying, Mr. Swaffield, the secretary
aud treasurer of the compauy, replied
that the company had paid an annual divi
dend of two dollars per share, and had devoted
the bulk of the profits to the purchasing
of new machinery and the creation of a commercial
capital. The factory is now paying a
profit of oue per cent, a month on a capital of
$45,000. "We have never had a bale of the
warp on hand for sale." Mr. Swaffield said :
"Our orders are always ahead. In August
last, our warps were selling at 20.18 cents per
pound, and cotton was selling at 11 cents per
pound. At the present time our warps are
selling at 30 cents a pound, and cotton is selling
at 11.60 cents per pound. Our labor is
composed en:irely of uatives, who have been
educated to the business. They are very
comfortably located, and have the free use of
all the wood they require."
Concerning the relative cost of water aud
steam, Mr. Swaffield gave it as his opinion
that while water power was cheaper, steam
was surer. "The relative cost would depend
greatly upon the location, but, said he, I am
satisfied that a handsome profit can be made
with steam power in any locality where fuel
can be obtained in bulk and at wholesale
rates. Steam can be worked all the time."
With respect to the prospect of cotton
manufacturers in this State, Mr. Swaffield
said: "I think there is a great deal of money
in the business in this State, and if the prices
keep up in proportion to the price of cotton,
any ordinary factory will pay from 15 to 25
per cent, during the ensuing year. We have
everything in this State to make cotton man-ufactures
a success?cheap land, cheap fuel,
cheap labor and the great advantage of having
/?rOt/in rirrVit ut tiaiirt? huinnr nhlo to wnrk
the year round without any interruption
from cold. Taking into consideration the
difference in the cost of labor, fuel and transportation,
there is fully If to H per cents a
pound advantage in favor of this State over
New England in the cost of production. The
proof of that is that the Southern factories
have always made ftioneyeven in the most trying
times. There is no doubt that the law exempting
mill property from taxation for ten
years is a great encouragement to the starting
of new factories, but taxation wouldn't
deter me from going into one. I thiuk the
cotton industries are going to pay a fair
profit, and should contribute at least to the
school fund."
With reference to the Clement Attachment,
Mr. Swaffield said that he was not sufficiently
acquainted with the process to give an answer.
"I hardly think, however," he said,
"that it is practicable, and even if it is I
think it will only result in attracting attention
to manfactures generally, aud increasing
the number of large factories all over
the South. There is a field here large enough
for an unlimited number of factories to make
money. The South, before very long, will
be manufacturing all the coarse goods."
Mr. Swaffield's opiuion with regard to colored
operatives was that they could not be
properly educated to do the work. The
whites and blacks will not work* together,
and we have an abundance of white labor,
which is certainly superior to any class of
colored labor that we could employ."
The Red Bank property is valued at $60,000.
The Saluda Cotton Factory.
This small but prosperous factory is located
on the banks of the Saluda River about
two miles from Columbia, in the county of
Lexington. The building, which is a substantial
frame structure and stone foundation
three stories high, 205 feet long and- 50 feet
wide, is located on the site of the old Saluda
Factory, which was burned by Sherman at
the close of the war. Mr. Win. Johnson,
formerly of North Carolina, is the owner and
proprietor of the property, and his son-inlaw,
Mr. J. M. Campbell, is the superintendent.
The water-power of the river is estimated
at 25,000 horses, 10,000 of which are
under control aud 100 in use. There are at
present 7,000 spindles in operation and an
addition of 1,500 more will be made shortly,
and will be in operation by the 1st of March.
The factory also contains 100 looms, which
are not now running, the operations of the
factory being entirely confined to the manufacture
of No. 20 yarn. One hundred opera*
j tives are employed, 25 of whom are colored,
: ranging in age frotu 8 years up. The rate of
wages paid rangts from 25 cents up to ?3 per
day. The weekly pay-roll amounts to between
8400 and ?500. Between three and
four hundred persons are dependent upon the
| factory for a support. The operatives live
! in houses located around the factory owned
j by Mr. Johnson. These residences rent for
i from 20 cents to 81 per week, and range
j in size from 1 to 10 rooms,
j The consumption of raw material is 50,000
i pounds a mouth, and the production is 40,000
! pounds of yarn per month. This inanufac!
tured article sells in the market for thirty
' cents a pound. When the proposed increase
| in the capacity of the factory is effected the
j daily production will be 2,000 pounds of
! yarn. The entire property is valued at S300,000,
and during the past four years 840,000
has been expended in improving the water
power. A dam niue hundred feet long, of
solid stone masonry, has been built at an immense
cost, and, if it was needed, ten thousand
horse power could be applied with little
or no further expense. This dam backs waI
ter four miles, with a depth of fifieeu feet,
i The base is forty feet thick, and it is eight
! feet thick across the top. A sixty six inch
j turbine wheel is used under a head of fourI
teen feet. The owner of the property claims
that he has improved and applied the water
power at a great outlay of money, under a
charter from the State grauted in 1874, for
thirty years, and that the chartering of the
Columbia Canal to Messrs. Thompson & Nagle,
under the conditions cited in the contract,
will virtually deprive him of his property.
The building of a dam across the Congaree
River, he says, will hack water on his works
and completely flood him out. He proposes
to resist to the last degree in the courts what
he considers an invasion of his rights. If the
Columbia Canal Company .would build their
dam across Broad River, instead of the Congaree,
he contends, they could obtain 25,000
horse power and not interfere with him at all.
The vote taken hy the people of Columbia to
secure Messrs. Thompson & Nagle against
any damage that might result from the building
of their dam across the Congaree River,
he says, does not really amount to a. row of
pins. To use his own words: "Columbia is a
bankrupt city, and a corporation which has
nothing to lose can welt atfbrd to give any
amount of security. The whole difficulty is
that my factory does not pay taxes to the
City of Columbia. If it was located in
Riehlaud instead of Lexington there would
be no trouble."
In conversing with Mr. Campbell, the superintendent,
I asked his opinion as to the
feasibility of working negro operatives. He
replied that at his factory he had worked
mixed operatives with great advantage. The
negro was as capable of instruction in the
business as the white male or female, and
could afford to work much cheaper, as they
could live so much cheaper. The negro labor
he found was easily controlled, and not
subject to strikes. Labor was very abundant,
he said, all their operatives being from the
South, with the exception of one boss spinner,
who was from the State of Maine. Unimproved
land in the vicinity of the factory
is worth about 810 to 815 an acre. I asked
Mr. Campbell what he thought of the Clement
Attachment. He replied that he thought
it would prove a failure. "You cau't make
yarn that will stand the test of the market,"
he said, "without skilled labor and attention.
It may answer for carding. It is in my opinion
nothing more than an improved gin. I
would like to see men who have the money
try it. It cannot hurt the factory men in the
slightest degree. We are not afraid of competition."
The Saluda factory has paid a
clear profit of 10 per cent, during the last
year in addition to what has been expeuded iu
improving (he property. The cost of the new
machinery which has been ordered will be
810,000, and it is hoped that the profits next
year will increase in proportion to the increased
capacity of the establishment.
The Glendale Factory.
This model little factory is owned by D. E.
Converse & Co., and is situated five miles
from Spartanburg Court House, on Lawson's
Fork, a tributary of the Pacolet River. 175
horse power is used upon three turbine wheels,
with a fall of 38 feet. Mr. J. J. Hilton, of
New York, is the superintendent, and both
Mr.Converse and Mr. A. H. Twitchell, the
principal owners, live on the premises in
nonv ia nnf I
waiiucuiuu iccnibutcot a 11 v v/uiu^/au y iu uv?
incorporated, aod has a capital of' $150,000.
The factory is now running 5,000 spindles
and 120 looms, and manufactures sheetings,
shirtings, drills and yarns from No. 6 to No.
12.
The consumption of raw cotton is 3,000
pounds per day or 2,000 bales a year. The
production is 175,000 yards of cloth and
15,000 pounds of yarn per month. The factory
employs 120 operatives, all of whom are
white, and 60 percent, women and children,
who receive an average of 67 cents per day.
The highest wages per day is $1.50 and the
lowest is 12} cents. Four hundred persons
are depeudent upon the factory for support.
The operatives ure furnished by the company
rent free, with neat and comfortable cottages
ranging iu size from three to four rooms.
These cottages, numbering sixty, are built
around the factory, forming a neat and pretty
little village. The operatives are all natives,
with one exception, who have been ed
ucated to the business. This class of labor is
very readily obtained from the surrounding
1 country. The machinery used is all Ameri
! can, and is mostly from the Lowell, Mass.,
Machine Shops. The running expenses are ,
$120 per day. Fur the month of January
the cotton used was purchased at 11 cents per
ruuind Thp tr>fal rust, nf nrodueine' the
manufactured article was 17 cents per pound
and the market price was 24 cents per pound,
which is nearly 33 per cent, increase of value
created by the process pf manufacture. The
waste at this factory is estimated at about 13
per cent. Much of the profits have been expended
in improving the place and adding
new machinery to the factory; dividends of
from 7 to 10 per cent, have been declared,
i and the net profit has varied from 10 to 25
! per cent. Besides the cotton fuctory the coraj
pany has in operation, run by the same water
j power, a grist mill, a first class flouring mill
and several cotton gins. The mode of ginning
the cotton is both novel and ingenious,
and is Mr. Couverse's own idea. The wagon
containing the seed cotton is driven up aud
weighed on a platform scales. The cotton is
then thrown from the wagon into a hopper,
! and passed up on an endless belt to a second
| story whence it is fed into three 70 saw self:
feeding gins. From there it passes to the
! baling press. The seed passes out from the
gins on a belt to a small room adjoining, from
which by means of a trup door arrangement
it is deposited back into the farmer's wagon
which in the meantime has been driven be
j neath the trap door. By the time the planter
cau get his seed and drive around to the back
| door the cotton is already pressed and baled
: for him. Last year the company ginned 700
bales, and this year they have ginned over
{ 1,200 bales. The time occupied is 15 minutes
! to each bale. The company has also in oper!
ation upon the same place a cotton batting
| mill which turns out about 1,500 pounds a
j month. A wool carding mill is also attached,
| in which 9,000 to 10,000 pounds of wool is
j carded for the country people. A large saw
| and planing mill is also in full operation, and
I is kept continually busy. The profits arising
| from these several industries were not inclu|
(led in the statement concerning the profits of
j the factory. Twenty additional hands are
! employed in these several departments. Mr.
! Twitchell, with whom I conversed, gave it as
I his opinion that the negro was not apt enough
i to learn the business properly. The whites
j would not work in the same room with a nei
gro, and as most of the work was done and
| paid for by the piece, the labor, if mixed,
i must necessarily give very unsatisfactory rei
suits.
TUrt monnfanhirprfl in
1 lie USpCUlO iUI vvvbuli luuiittiMvvu. W.W ...
this State he considers better than they have
been for five years. There is a steady and increasing
home demand, 110 accumulation of
stocks and a good export demand. The State
exemption from taxation on all new mill prop
erty he thought would prove a great induce!
iuent to capitalists to establish new factories.
The Clement Attachment, Mr. Twitchell
I said, he thought, might be used to advantage
by two or three planters to use up their own
cotton, but it would never amount to anything
more. It only dispensed with one intermediate
machine, and the storage room
required for the seed cotton would be enormous.
"I don't think it will succeed," he
said, "hut if it does it will not hurt the large
manufacturers one particle."
Upon the point of the relative cost of water
and steam power Mr. Twitchell said: "It depends
entirely on the situation. I believe
that a mill could be run in Charleston by
steam just as cheaply as we run ours. Charleston
has a cotton market all the year round,
while we have to buy up all we need for the
year before it gets out of the country."
The goods manufactured at Glendale are
hauled to Spartanburg in wagons and shipj
ped from that point priucipally to New York,
Boston and Chicago. The demand for the
goods is much greater than the ability to
supply.
The factory building is a very handsome
structure of red brick, four and a half stories
high and 130 by 50 feet in dimensions. It
was originally started in 1867 and was under
the management of J. Bomar & Co. Mr.
Bomar died in 1870 ; after his death it was
sold to the present owners. The success has
been so gratifying that a new company to be
known as the Clifton Manufacturing Company
has been organized, with Mr. Converse
as president, Mr. James Anderson vice presi
dent, and A. H. Twitchell secretary and
treasurer.
The purpose of the company is to first
start a compact yarn mill of 5,000 spindles,
and then open the books for subscription to a
larger enterprise of the same kind. The
capital required to start the first mill is 3125,000,
$102,000 of which has been subscribed.
This entire subscription was made within ten
days, and the whole of the stock is held in
the county of Spartanburg. If this venture
is successful, a factory of 10,000 spindles and
300 looms will be established. The factory
will be located on Pacolet river, at a place
known as Hurricane Shoals. The work will
be commenced by the first of April next.
"So far as I am concerned," said Mr.
Twitchell, "I would put ray last dollar in
cotton manufactures in this State. When the
Northern mills were losing money we were
making money, and now while everything
is booming upward we are of course making
handsome profits
Everything at Glendale betokens good
management and prosperity. The operatives
are said to be an orderly, thrifty set, who
have laid up considerable money, and in
somecases have bought land in the vicinity.
The Fingerville Factory.
This is a very small factory, owned by
Messrs. Johnson & Finger, and is located on
the Pacolet River, about ten miles from Spartanburg
C. H. It has in operation 1,000
spindles, 10 cards and 15 looms, and manufactures
coarse yarns and sheetings. The
production per day is 600 yards of cloth and
250 pounds of yarn. Thirty five operatives
are employed, with wages averaging 40 cents
a day. The capital invested is $8,000. The
factory has been for some time running irregularly,
but is now making a handsome per
centage of profit on the capital invested. The
water power is very extensive, about 30 horse
power being used.
Valley Falls Factory.
This is a still smaller factory than the
above, and is located in Lamson's Fork, about
eight miles from the town of Spartanburg.
It is owned by Messrs. White & Finger,, aud
runs 500 spindles. The production is 300
pounds of yarn per day. Thi3 mill has also
been running irregularly until recently. The
machinery is old, but despite this fact and the
great disadvantage of being situated in an
almost inaccessible region, the factory is paying
a handsome profit on the capital of $5,000
invested. Fifteen operatives are employed,
with wages averaging forty cents a day.
I should say, without hesitation that if a
cotton factory can make a living at Fingerville
or Valley Falls, there is certainly millions
in the business anywhere else.
The Crawfordsville Manufacturing Company.
This is a small but well arranged factory,
and is located 8 miles west of the town of
Spartanburg, on the Middle Tiger River. It
is owned by VV. L. Morgao, Brothers & Co.,
and the entire property, including 600 acres
of cultivated land and a gin, is valued at 830
000. The company was organized in 1876.
The factory runs 880 spindles, and manufactures
8, 9 and 10 yarns. It also has 12 looms
which are not now used. Twelveoperatives, all
white, are employed at an average of 33?
cents per day, aud 120 persons in all are dependent
upon the factory for a support. Residences
are furnished, rent free, to the operatives
by the company. The factory consumes
300 pounds of raw cotton per day, and produces
285 pounds of yarn per day. The force
of the stream is 100 horse power, 15 horse
power of which is used with a Lafell's turbine
wheel, and with a fall of 17 feet. The
running time is 11 hours a day. The ma "
? ? 1 1 A iv\/M>!nnn rtr\/I to i r* TfGftr r*f\/\A
UllllJeijr 19 an mucnuaii aim 10 iij v^ij gvwvi
conditioD. "What does this little factory
pay ?" I asked Mr. W. L. Morgau, the senior
member of the firm.
"It pays 25 per cent, on the capital invested.
It would pay more than that if we
had new machinery and more capacity. We
propose to enlarge the factory very shortly
to a capacity of 1,000 pounds of yarn per day.
We sell our goods here and in New York and
Philadelphia. We can't near supply the
demand. I could have sold all the yarn I
could make in a year to one man. During
the last year we were running 278J days. We
consumed 80,630 pounds of cotton and produced
73,300 pounds of yarn. Our pay roll
for the year was 81,890.30 and our supply account
was $100. The cost of manufacture at
this mill is 2 44-100 cents per pound. The
prospect for manufacturers in this State
is extremely promising. It is brighter than
it has been for five years. I think with the
exemption from taxation of all new machinery
a great deal of capital will find its
way into this business during the next few
years. So far as the Clement Attachment is
concerned, I have never seen it, but I don't
think it will pay. Nothing big can ever be
made out of it. The expenses of handling
and storing the seed cotton will be very great.
It will take experienced labor to make good^
yarn and cloth that will hold its own in the j
markets, and I don't see how such a small
concern can afford to pay for skilled labor."
"How about negro labor ?" I asked.
"I don't think negro labor can be employed,"
he said, "in connection with the white
operatives, and I don't think the negro can
be educated in the business sufficiently to
make a good operative."
The factory of the Crawfordsville Manufacturing
C'oinpauy is a two and a half story
frame building on a stone foundation. The
company also owns another valuable waterpower
at Collins' Shoals, about, five miles
off, which they claim could be made to produce
one hundred horse power by an outlay
of $500.
I think the argument in favor of the establishment
of cotton manufactories in South
Carolina, which the results of this factory
present is unanswerable. Twenty-five per
cent, profit at a locality eight miles removed
from the slightest vestige of civilized habitation
and with roads in a condition just about j
as bad as they could well be. I
The flntesville Factory.
This factory has the distinction of being J
one of the old pioneers, and is of historic interest.
During the war a very large and
profitable business was carried on, and thousands
of yards of the cloth that covered the
Confederate soldiers was woven within its
whlls. The factory is located on Rocky Creek,
in "Greenville county, which supplies forty
horse power. The factory lost money and
failed. It was sold In November last and
was purchased by George Putnam, of Greenville,
for $8,000. It has 1,152 spindles and
50 looms. The operations at present are confined
entirely to the spinning of yarns from
No 7 to No. 12. New machinery for the
manufacture of twisted yarns has been ordered,
and will be put into operation shortly.
The consumption of raw cotton is 1,200
pounds per day, and the daily production is
j 1,050 pounds of yarn. Mr. Henry S. Putnam,
a brother of the owner, is the the super|
intendent, but has only very recently taken
| charge. Forty operatives, all white, are em|
ployed at an average of 38 cents a day. The
! cost of production is two and and a half cents
: per pouud. The operatives are furnished with
: houses rent free. The factory is a wooden
j frame building two and a half stories high,
' and is in a tolerable state of preservation coni
sideiing the hard times it has seen. It has
| been in operation for so short a time under
I the new management that it is hard to estii
mate the percentage of profits that have
: thus far been made. The owners, however,
express themselves as beiug perfectly satisfied
with the results.
A gentleman who has had considerable experience
in manufactures in Greenville county,
while giving me some information concerning
the Bate8villo Factory, expressed himself
very positively concerning the Clement At
tachmeut. "1 have uo faith in the machine,"
he said. "I think the community are in error,
and I think the newspapers are assuming
a great deal of responsibility in giving it so
much notoriety. In the first place, the men
who are making such promising representations
about this machine are not manufacturers,
and they cannot take into account many
of the difficulties which are apparent to a
manufacturer. In the first place, the party
who runs a Clement Attachment will have
to combat the prejudice of the planter to sell
his cotton in the seed. In the next place,
the market for the kinds of yarn that the
Clement Attachment can make is limited.
They don't claim to be able to make any of
the higher numbers. Everything at present
is on a boom, and it is hardly fair to judge its
capabilities by its results to day. A cotton
factory which is not making money now had
better close up at once. It is absurd for the
Clement Attachment .men to say that they
cannot supply the demand when they have no
production to speak of."
Buena Vista Factory.
This factory, which, like the Batesville, ac
quired considerable prominence during the
war, is now under the cloud of a lawsuit and
is not running. The property is situated on
the Enoree River, and is partly in Spartanburg
and partly in Greenville counties. Its
capacity is 2,000 spindles and 40 looms. The
machinery is all old fashioned, and the building
itself is somewhat dilapidated. It is nevertheless
a very valuable piece of property.
By a recent decree of the Court the portion
of the property in Greenville county has been
ordered to be sold shortly, and the portion in
Spartanburg county is still in possession of
the creditors of Lester & Bobo, the former
owners. The water power under control is
estimated at 100-horse power, and the entire
property includes 600 acres of land. If purchased
by the right sort of meu, the property
can be made very valuable and productive.
Cedar Hill Factory.
This is another of those little miniature
manufactories, which are so thickly crowded
in between Greenville and Spartanburg, end
which appear to thrive and grow rich in a region
which seems utterly desolate and cut off'
from the world. The factory is owned by
Green & Taylor, and it is located on the South
Tiger River, in Spartanburg county, ten miles
from Greenville. The mill is run by a 30
horse power turbine wheel, only 20-horse power
being used. It runs 800 spindles and 16
looms, and manufactures I shirting, and 8, 9
and 10 yarns. It employs thirty operatives,
all of whom are white, and two thirds of
whom are females. Mr. B. F. Hutchins is
A'- - T l? Ail ntfrtl + lO
lilt! Suptnuitliuciiu Alio inpiiai iuvcow^vi jo
$30,000, which includes the value of the factory,
a two and a half story frame building,
the houses for the operatives and 240 acres of
land. The production is 1,000 yards of cloth
and 150 pounds of yarn per day. The average
rate of wages for spinners is 33J cents per
day. The machinery is American, and is
partly new. The consumption of raw cotton
is 500 pounds a day. The factory ha$ been
running off and on for forty years, and has
been in charge of its present owners for about
four years. It is being advantageously managed,
and is paying from 20 to 25 per cent,
upon the capital invested. The steam which
runs the factory has a force of 75 horse power,
and there is a probability that the factory
will be so enlarged as to require the utilization
of the whole of it. The manufactured
article is hauled in wagons ten miles to Greenville.
The Fork Shoals Factor?.
This factory is owned by the Sullivan Manufacturing
Company. It is located on Fork
Shoals Creek, about 18 miles from Greenville
C. H., which is the nearest available depot.
The capital invested is $25,000. It is now
running 2,000 spindles and has 50?looms,
which are now in operation. The operations
of the factory are at present confined to the
manufacture of from 6 to 20 yarns. The force
of the stream is 60 horse power. Sixty five
white operatives are employed at an average
rate of 40 cents per day for spinners. The
company furnishes houses for its operatives,
rent free, and a community of 200 persons
are dependent upon the factory for support.
The consumption of raw cotton is 1,600
pounds per day, and the production is 1,500
pounds of yarn per day. The factory building
is constructed of red brick and is three
stories high. It is comparatively a new mill,
and much of the machinery is modem. The
onfiro nrnnartv id vnllipd Jit. ftSfl.flOO. ftnd IS
VUU'V, ? ?
now paying a profit of from 15 to 20 per
cent
Reedy River Manufacturing Company.
This is a small but remarkably well managed
and prosperous factory, situated about
| seven miles from Greenville Court Honse, on
the Reedy River. Mr. J. A. David is the
president, and Mr. Robert Wilson is the superintendent.
The capital stock paid in is
547,500. The factory is run by water estimated
at 125 horse power. The capacity is 2,600
spindles and 78 looms. The consumption of
raw cotton is 1,500 pounds per day, and the
production is 1,400 pounds per day, consisting
of 4,500 yards of i and 4 4 sheeting and 300
pounds of Nos. 9, 14 and 16 yarn. Sixty-five
operatives are employed and 120 persons are
dependent upon the factory for support. - The
average rate of wages paid is fifty cents per
day. The cost of production is about 4 cents
per pound. The waste is 15 per cent. The
machinery is all new, and is mostly -from
the Lowell, Mass., machine shops. During
the last twelve months the company has declared
two semi-annual dividends of 4 per
cent., purchased 82,000 worth of additional
machinery and laid up a surplus fund of 82,000.
Mr. David, the president, says that du-'
ring the month of January the net profit was
81,500. The factory at present is paying 23
per cent, on the capital invested.
[to be continued.]
A Dog'8 Sense of Smell.?Have you ever
observed how really wonderful is the dog's
sense of smell ? Anacharsis (says his happy
owner) knows me, when I am dressed in
clothes he never saw before, by his nose
alone. Let me get myself up in a theatrical
costume, and cover my face with a mask, yet
he will recognize me by some (to us) undiscovered
perfume. Moreover, he will recognize
the same odor as clinging to my clothes
after they have been taken ofif. If I shy a
pebble on the beach, be can pick out that
identical pebble by scent among a thousand
others. Even the very groufld on which 11
have ^rodden retains for him some faint memento
of my presence a few hours afterward.
The blood hound can track a human scent a
week old?which argues a delicacy of nose
almost incredible to human nostrils. Similarly,
too, if you watch Anacharsis at this
moment, you will see that he runs up and
down the path, sniffing at every stick, stone
and plant, as though he got a separate and
distinguishable scent out of every one of
th em. And so he must, no doubt; for if even
the earth keeps a perfume of the person who
has walked over it hours before, surely every
object about us must have some faint smell or
other, either of itself or of objects which
have touched it. Therefore the smells which
make up half a dog's picture of this life must
be successive and continuous.?Exchange.
THE QUESTION OF TARIFF REFORM.
A late Washington letter gives the following
information relative to an organization
recently formed among a number of
Congressmen for the purpose of securing a reduction
of the tariff to a strictly revenue
? - L _ i t_
DS818 ana jcorreciing nouses in mat oraucn
of the Government:
At a dinner given by Mr. Frank Hurd, of
Ohio, to twenty or twenty-five members of
Congress to talk over the future of the question
of tariff* reform, it was determined to
form a "Free Trade Congressional Alliance,"
to act together in the next Congress and in
the country at large for the furtherance of a
reduction of the tariff to a strictly revenue
basis. Most if not all the gentlemen present
are members not only of the present but of
the next House of Representatives. The
question of action on the tariff and of informing
and influencing public opinion in favor
of a revenue tariff was freely discussed, and
it was determined to form the 'Congressional
Alliance' as a permanent and active body.
Mr. S. S. Cox was made president of the
Alliance, Messrs.'W. R. Morrison,of Illinois;
J. G. Carlisle, of Kentucky; R. G. Mills, of
Teia9; J. Randolph Tucker, of Virginia, and
Proctor Knott, of Kentucky, agreed tc act as
vice presidents, and Messrs. N. J. Hammond
of Georgia; John F. House, of Tennessee;
E. S. Bragg, of Wisconsin ; Benjamin LeFevre,
of Ohio; J. C. 8. Blackburn, of Kentucky,
and Richard W. Townsend, of Illinois,
agreed to act as directors. All these
are members of the next Congress. The objects
of this organization are, to spread information
on tariff abuses among the people by
correspondence and by the circulation of
documents and to act in concert in Congress
to promote the reform of the tariff and its reduction
to a strictly revenue basis. The intention
is expressed to make the Alliance an
active and aggressive body, and the gentlemen
composing the organization believe that
with proper lubor they can sufficiently attract
attention to the question to make it a conspicuous
issue among the people.
How a Woman Reads a Newspaper.?
According to Mrs. Gertrude Garrison this is
how she does it: She takes it up hurriedly
and begins to scan it over rapidly, as though
she was hunting some particular thing, but
she is not. She is merely taking in tie obscure
paragraphs, which, she believes:, ^pre
put in the out-of-the-way places for the sake
of keeping her from seeing them. As she
finishes each odo of them her countenance
brightens with the comfortable reflection that
she has outwitted the editor and the whole
race of men, for she cherishes a vague belief
that newspapers are the enemies of her sex,
and editors her chief oppressors. She never
reads the headlines, and the huge telegraph
heads she never sees. She is greedy for local
news, and devours it with the keenest relish.
M irriages and deaths are always interesting
r&.ding to her, and advertisements are very
exciting and stimulating. She cares but little
for printed jokes unless they reflect ridicule
upon the men, and then she delights in
thorn and never forgets them. She pays particular
attention to anything enclosed in quotation
marks, and considers it rather better
authority than anything first handed. Tho
columns in which the editor airs his opinions,
in leaded hifalutin, she rarely reads. Views
are of no importance in her estimation, but
facts are everything. She generally reads
the poetry. She doesn't always care for it,
but makes a practice of reading it, because
she thinks she ought to. She reads stories,
and sketches, and paragraphs indiscriminately,
and believes every one of them. Finally,
after she has read all she intends to, she lays
the paper down with an air of disappointment,
and a half comtemptuous gesture,
which says very plainly that she thinks all
newspapers miserable failures, but it is certain
that if she had a chance she could make
the only perfect newspaper the world had
ever seen.
"Is Father Here?"?A young man came
into a city station house yesterday afternoon,
aDd inquired1: "Is father here?"?"I do not
know?what is his name?" said the Lieutenant
on duty. The name was given, and the
record exhibited, with "drunk and disorderly"
attached as the charge.
"Can I see him a moment?he is my father
?" Yes, was the response, and the young
man was conducted to the iron cage where
the father had been confined since morning,
now sobered in his right mind. "Father,"
said the young visitor, "Jane it dead J"?
And the young man choked at the sentence,
while the strong nerved father vented his
grief in tears and loud expressions of sorrow.
While the sister and daughter lay upon
her dying bed, the father had indulged in
liquid potations that dethroned reason, and
had been arrested and confined in the station
house. The son asked for his release, and
the kind-hearted officer opened hit prison
door, and with a word of comfort and warning
set him free. Such are some of the daily
scenes a "local" meets with, in his daily
rounds.? Cincinnati Gazette.
Letter of Credit.?There is one great
evil in this country which we think the pulpit
and the press ought to denounce more frequently
than they do?that is, the habit of
getting into debt and making no effort to pay.
Can a man be a consistent Christian and not
strive to pay all his debts ? Can a man be a '
Christian and not be honest ? Is a loan who
does not try to live within his means and paJ
his debts an honest man ? If so, we do not
tiTirlnrataml thn Rihl? RhnnlH men who hab
itually disregard their financial obligations be
allowed to remain in the Church ? We think
ot; and think that a man's beinga member
of the Church ought to be a letter of credit
to any part of the globe where the Christian
religion prevails. But it is not the case.
Far from it; and there are even some ministers
whose sermons do no good ; because they
are preached by men who are not considered
honest by even men of the world.
\
Guard Your Conversation.?If you
say anything about a neighbor or friend, or
even a stranger, say nothing ill. It is a
Christian and brotherly charity to suppress
our knowledge of evil of another unless a
higher public duty compels us to bear accusing
witness ; and if it be true charity to keep
our knowledge of such evils to ourselves,
much more should we refuse to spread evil
report of another. Discreditable as the fact
is, it is by far the commonest tendency to
suppress the good we know of our neighbors
aud friends. We act in this matter as though
wa felt that by pushing our fellows down or
back, we were putting ourselves up or forward.
We are jealous of commendation unless
we get the largest share.