Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

lewis m. gkist, Proprietor. J ^ii |iii)?{tcnhnt Jfamilp ^tttospaptr; Jbr % Ijromotion of t|t political, Social, ^griraltnral anit Commercial Interests of tjje S?ont|. TERMS?$3.00 A TEAR, IN ADVANCE. VOT, Q.q. YORKVILLE, 8. C., THURSDAY, AUGUST S3, 1877. NO. 34. pstorw of $. (faroUaa. I HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF THE ! Early Settlement of South Carolina. BY BEV. BOBEBT LATHAN. INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE OF EUTAW SPRING. The day on which was fought the battle of Eutaw Spring, was intensely hot. Both armies suffered for the want of water. Many of the Americans were almost naked and entirely bare-footed. The water of Eutaw Spring was reddened with the blood of the wounded, who crept there to quench their thirst. There is a tradition that for some time after the battle, the volume of the water which bursts from this fountain, was considerably diminished. This decrease in the amount of water was attributed to the blood which was mingled with the water. How much credence is to be given to this tradition, we will not undertake to 9ay. All that we aver is that we have seen individuals who declared, that for some time after the battle, the Eutaw Spring "went nearly dry." Both parties claimed a victory at Eutaw. The American General received a vote of thanks from the Congress of the United States, for the "most signal victory" which he had gained. A British standard was also presented to General Greene, as "an honorable testimony of his merits." In addition to this, General Greene was presented with "a golden medal, emblematical of the battle and victory." General Greene was instructed to present the thanks of Congress to his Aids-deCarap, Hyrne, Pierce, Pendleton and Shubrick. Pierce, who bore General Greene's dispatches, giving an accouut of the victory, to Congress, was presented with a sword. On one side of the "golden" medal presented to General Greene, is the profile of a man?designed for the General himself, no doubt. Around the profile are the words: Nathanieli Greene egregio duci comitia Americana"?"The American Congress to | the distinguished leader, Nathaniel Greene." Ou the other side of the medal is the Goddess of Victory, gracefully gliding down upon the earth. In her right hand is a wreath with which to crown the victor; in her left hand, a quiver. Gently she descends and places her left foot upon a broken shield. The head of ^ * * - ?? A a a the ijoaness is encircieu wnu mo "Salus Regionum Australium"?"Tbe Safety of tbe Southern region." Underneath her feet are the words "Hostibus ad Eutaw Debellatis, Viii Sept., Mdcclxxxi"? "The enemy conquered at Eutaw, on the 8th of September, 1781." The Congress of the United States passed a vote of thanks to the several divisions of troops which composed the army of General Greene. From all this, we would be led to believe that the Americans bad, in reality, gained-Ala., most signal victory." Tbe British, on the other hand, claim a victory, and rest their claim upon two facts. They were able to hold the brick house and palasade garden during the whole of the contest, and, in the end, force the Americans to abandon the conflict. The truth is, neither party gained, at the time, a signal victory. The ranks of both armies were fearfully thinned. In no battle, during Ae whole revolutionary war, did the Americans lose so many officers. Colonels Wash ingtou, Howard aod Heuderson were wounded, and Colonel Richard Campbell was killed. Of the six Colonels, only two?Williams and Lee?were unhurt. The whole number of American officerslHTted was seventy-two; the number of wounded thirty-nine. This, in itself, was a severe blow upon the American army. The troops on both sides fought bravely. The British admit that the bayonet, which, heretofore, had been so much dreaded by the Americans, had lost all its power to produce terror in them, and had become, in their hands, a most deadly weapon. With this weapou in the hands of the Virginians and Marylanders, General Greene drove the British regulars from the battle-field. Evidently, the Americans were eminently successful until the hungry and thirsty soldiers entered the British camp. Here they began to plunder, and were soon incapacitated for anything. An amusing scene took place in front of fbfthrink house. So ereat was the rush of the | British to enter the brick house, and so close- j ly were they pursued by the Americans, that i the more advanced of the latter reached the door before the hindmost of the former. The j British were in haste to enter the house, and j the Americans were in haste to reach the j place before the door could be shut. Lieutenant Manning and a few dariug followers, j reached the door almost as soon as Major j Sheridan and his men. One of Manning's | men actually made his way partly into the house. Sheridan begau to push him out, and Manning, at the same time, to push him in. Filially, Sheridau succeeded. The door was immediately closed and barred. Mauy of the British were left out. Among those was a brother of the somewhat remarkable Colouel Isaac Barre. The brother of this Irish Colonel held a captain's com- 1 mission. Lieutenant Manning, finding that he could not force the house, turned his at- j tendons to the unfortunate British who were j too late to enter. So soon as Captaiu Barre , found that he could neither enter the brick house nor escape, he began, with a glibness of Q fr.* rok'mh thft Trifih are noted, and lUU^UQ iW* nutvw ?w ? , ? with a solemnity in harmony with hiscircum-! stances, to recite his titles. "I am," said he, "Sir Henry Barre, deputy adjutant general of the British army ; captain of the 52nd regiment; Secretary Qf the commandant at Charleston?" "And my prisoner," interrupted Manning. "You are the very man I have been looking j for. Come with me aud I will take good care I of you." It soon became necessary for Manning and his followers to retire from their dangerous position. In order to effect this, he so arranged his own men and the prisoners, that both were alike exposed to the fire from the , brick house. The British loss was fearful. Colonel Stewart was wounded and Majoribanks was thrown into a fever, of which he died in a few days. Numbers of the Irish Buffs deserted aud joined the Americans shortly after the battle. The loyalists in the British array fought better at Eutaw Spring than the regulars. The loyalists regarded it as victory or death. The aspect of things had become wholly changed before the battle. The impression had become general that the British could not subjugate the colonies, and the result was that lumbers of individuila who heretofore had been neutral, or even tories, now readily joined Greene. There were several individuals who won for themselves the title of Revolutionary soldiers by being at Eutaw, on the 8th of September, 1781. Before this, they had been tender hearted loyalists or plundering tories. Their infamy is forgotten by the world, and never was known by their descendants. Among the British who deserted, shortly after the battle of Eutaw Spring, was a man by the name of Keenan. After the war, James Keenan settled in York county, on the waters of Dutchman's creek. His grave is some three miles north-west of Ebeuezer, on the plantation of John Barron, Sr. $be jstorg Mler. THE LION TAMERT "That lioness will be the death of you yet, Joe." "Pshaw !" and Joe Amberly, "the lion tamer" of a large traveling circus, laughed at the predictions of his assistant. "You may laugh as much as you please ; but some day you will find I am right, and that to your sorrow, though then it will be I too late." "I have performed with all the animals for j some years, and never had any difficulty." "You forget the one at Longtown." "That didn't amount to much. I soon brought them to subjection." "But the trouble commenced with this same lioness." "Yes; though it wouldn't have been so bad if those cats of huntiug leopards had not set { up a yell, and drawn the black tiger into the atfray." "She has a devil of a temper when it is i up?is the most treacherous beast I ever fed j or had anything to do with. I have been j l?i. aI/wa T/.i. ootrorol rlava " pnnfin. I waiuuiug iiut tiyou ivi out WM? V?MJW| VV..?.H I ued the assistant, "and know she is mighty ! cross-grained. So, depend upon it, you are \ going to have trouble." "I don' see why, more than at any other time." "There are times?and you know it, if you will only reflect?aud this is oue of them. If I was in your place, I wouldn't try to show off to-day with any extras, but just give a common performance, and get out of the cage as quick as I could." "You know what we advertise, and what a crowd has gathered ?" "Yes," with a laugh; and I know we never have or do one half there is in the bills. Paper is cheap, Joe; but human life is precious. Think how poorly off you would leave your wife and child if any thing should happen to you, and what would become of your wife if any thing should happen to the child ?" "Do not mention it." The man who had handled and tamed and toyed with the savage beasts as if they had been harmless kittens, groaned aloud at the thought. A man of the most ardent, even passionate nature, he bowed down in worship t.;?i ??<V?-?rnrt- Hrrtianyfrrr - A nrt f.hnf." rtnr "tt ^ had been advertised that he would take his \ child and a pail of blood into the cage with hira. It was a very daring, foolhardy project at the best; but how much more so when the beasts were doubly savage and out of temper? when the slightest thing might arouse them to all their pristine fury, and the fierce blood of the wilderness assert itself in all its tempestuous wrath. But the hushandly and fatherly emotion ; was soon conquered. The habit of years and his natural strength gave him self-reliance; aud it would take more than idle words to turn him from his purpose, no matter how | daugerous it might appear to others. To this ! must be added the esprit de corps that would ! make him take the most desperate chances j before having eveu the shadow of cowardice attached to his name. Still he could not help thinking more deeply, perhaps, than ever before. Was there in reality auy danger? He could not convince ; himself of it, argue the matter as he would, j The old lion in the cage, though a monster i in size, was inoffensive, tame and obedieut. i In the language of the keepers, he was "good for nothing but to make a show and sit back j in the coruer, grind his teeth and growl." Be- i sides, he was his friend, and upon more than j one occasion had acted the part of a peace- j maker. The leopards?a pair of spotted cheetahs?were scarcely to be taken into con-1 sicieration. 1 lie t>laca Uger, tne mosi rare j and strikingly beautiful animal in any collec- | tion, was ordinarily quiet, though when fully j aroused not to be trifled with. But the lioness was the especial one to be j dreaded and watched. She was a beast of uncommon power, with massive arms, long curving claws, tail lithe and nervous as a serpent, teeth sharp as needles, flexile, treacherous, smooth, tawny skin and yellow eyes ; that ever flashed fiercely. Never, even in her best moods, had she been submissive, and her mildest play was rough in the extreme. Tlie Lion Tamer turned from his companion to go and dress for his attractive but dangerous performance ; but before doing so, he visited the double cage, and made a critical j examination of the beasts, who any iustant i might be to him as fate. There was nothing j to especially awaken fear; and, half-vexed with himself for having been needlessly dis- | turbed, he passed from the great canvas into a smaller compartment, and found his wife and i child waiting for him?the one a youug and j beautiful woman, and the other a very fairy j of a child, whose hair bung down upon her back, as the brightest and finest of spun silk, j "I am sorry, Joe," said the wife and mother, as her husband entered, "that you have i consented to so foolish a performance as tne | one advertised for to-day. "Why, May ?" and he looked most earnest-1 ly at her. "Because the ordinary performance is haz- j ardous euough." "Then you think this more so?" "I don't know that it is," she replied, hav-! ing the utmost confidence in her husband's 1 ability ; "but somehow I don't altogether j fancy having Inez taken into the cage." "You know my reason for consenting, and ' that it would never have been given had your , assent not been fir6t obtained." "Certainly, and it was very good of you,; Joe." "That it was promised on account of my j salary being raised." "Yes." "And that it was to secure the rise of sala- j rw, so as the sooner to accumulate enough to | buy a little home against the rainy days that may come." "Yes. mv dear Joe ; but"?with a smile? "had not pride something to do with it?: That's the curse of the profession. Each one j is always trying to outdo the other?running i risks on that account they would not other-| wise attempt." "Well, May, I only gave my promise to do the act once ; but even now will give it up if I you say the word. I had rather disappoint all the managers and be called coward by all the rabble in the world, than cause your heart to beat with fear, or to bring tears into your eyes." "No, no, Joe. Don't think I have lost con| fidence and pride in you. No, don't think of jgiviugit up. I suppose I am foolishly nervI ous. But you will be careful, and not run any unnecessary risk ?" "My own heart would have to be torn out before anything should happen to our darling;" aud he stooped, raised the child, tossed her up, caught her, kissed her and hugged her to his bosom. "But yourself, Joe ?" "0, I'll look out for number one." The conversation did not tend to ease his mind, and before dressing he went out and held another conversation with bis particular attendant, and took another look into the performing cage. The animals were more quiet than when he had seen them previously ; the lioness especially appeared in a playful mood, and, with something'of a load lifted from his heart, he returned, with but little time remaining before he would be called upon to prove his right to the proud title of Lion Tamer. And every inch he looked one, as he stepped in view of the densely-crowded assemI bly. Gorgeous in his new costume, and with a look of calmness and determination upon his face, he looked, with his tall and sinewy form, fit to grapple with and overcome the fiercest beasts that ever prowled amid the jungles of Asia and Africa, and made night terrible with their roaring. A burst of applause?a perfect tempest of huzzas and clapping of hands greeted him as he swung his little girl, dressed in silver tissue, and with the gossamer wings and tiara of sparkling jewels around her golden curls, that represent the traditional fairy, upon his shoulders. While looking at his stalwart proportions, the men thought what a dangerous antagonist he would be, and the young mothers shuddered at so beautiful a child being taken into a den of savage animals. With a graceful bow and the dignity of a Roman couqueror, the Lion Tamer strode through the circle, disappeared behind the cage, and, with such rapidity as to astonish the audience, stood within the compartment where the huge lion was lying and the agile leopards leaping about, and had placed his child between the claws of the greater brute, and she was playfully toying with its shaggy mane. For a time he made the leopards leap about him as kittenB, jumping from corner to corner, resting upon his broad shoulders, bounding lightly over the extended whip. Then he gave his attention to the mother lion, opened its immense jaws, placed his arm and thrust his head between them, raised his fairy-like child upon its back, and made it march around with her. Then he prepared to throw the two cages into one. "Let Inez come out now," whispered the attendant, uneasily. "You have done enough already to keep your promise, and the audience won't know the difference." iiXT?. . T tnlll /?a fkvnnnK 1VTinrl tzrViaf T 11U , X Will gu lUlUUgli. A'AIUU IT UMW * told you, and have things ready in case there should be trouble, though I don't fancy any." Then be coutinued aloud, so as to be plainly heard by every one, "Hand rae the pail of blood." A cold shiver, a supernatural awe, appeared to pass through the frame of all, as the vessel, dripping with crimson drops, was given to him, and more than one asked themselves if the man was mad to thus not only risk his own life, but that of his beautiful aside the partition, and the fierce lioness and sleek tiger came bounding in, their breath was absolutely suspended, and their hearts momentarily ceased to beat. "Down !" The tiger obeyed, and the foot of the Lion Tamer \va9 upon his neck. "UP!" And the leopards were purring like great cats upon his shoulders, while the lioness lay crouched with her tawny paws thrust through the bars and growling severely. "For mercy'8 sake, let her alone," whispered his attendant; "and mind not kick over that pail. If the blood should be spilled, it would be all over with you both. All the men in the world couldnh save you." "Stand ready, but keep still. The brute shall mind." His child was sitting on the back of the lion, and smiling in that den of horrors. Her confidence in her father was sublime?was as perfect as her love. She never dreamt of fear when he was near to protect, and while the lookers-on shuddered, she innocently deemed it a pleasant pastime. "Down !" The leopards leaped to either corner, and crouched down. "Come!" The lioness grumblingly arose, crawled suddenly to his feet, rose and laid her great claws upon his shoulders, making him swerve with her weight, aud raising her terrible head upon a level with his own. Slowly and slowly they turned round as if waltzing, the low mutterings of the beast becoming more plainly audible every moment, and her yellow, feline eyes snapping with hidden fires. With an amazing exhibition of strength, he wrestled with, tripped and threw her from him, and the canvas tent rang again. But instantly she was upon her feet, lashing her sides with her prehensile tail, drawing back her lips so as to show her teeth, and uttering the deepest and fiercest of growls. "For the love of mercy, haud out your child, Joe," said his attendant. "Wait a moment. I shall be done very quickly." The crowning feat was yet to come. It was one upon which he had bestowed much time, and upon which he prided himself?was a tableau of wild beasts, with manhood and childish beauty for the central attraction. He stepped to the corner, led the monster lion forth into the centre of the cage, made him lie down, placed the little girl upon him, and stood astride. Then a shrill whistle brought the cheetah leopards bounding upon his shoulders and standing up with paws crossed ahove his head, and the black tiger erect upon his left, and throttled with his hand. But the lioness failed to do his bidding and take her place upon his right. She lay in the act of springing, and at but a little distance. "Come!" There was no movement, and the whip was raised and fell heavily upon her head. That was all that was needed to awaken her latent ire, and, with a roar like that given in her native forest, she sprang with almost resistless force towards him. A sharp, stinging blow on the bridge of the nose for a moment cowed her, and she might have been conquered, had shp not partially fell upon and upset the pail and deluged the fjoor of the cage in blood ! Then all became the wildest commotion? the most terrible and savage souuds. Every beast sprang down, lapped the blood and then turned upon him. Even the veteran lion * n ' <* i .r : appeared to iorget trie long years 01 irauinig, and something of his young forest life blazed forth. Amherly comprehended all in an instant, and the father triumphed over the actor. He snatched up the now terrified and screaming child, sprang with her to the door, thrust her into the hands of the watchful attendant, and would have followed had not the lioness grappled and drawn him back, rending his shoulders with her sharp claws, and causing the blood to stream over his rich dress. He was fighting against most desperate odds, knew it, backed into a comer, and called for his irons. One, red hot at the end, was handed to him, but at the first stroke the lioness sent it whirling, and her sharp teeth almost met for a moment his thigh. "Hand me something sharp with which I can brain the brute 1" Every thing upon which hands could be laid was thrust to him, but he failed to reach them, and the danger was becoming more and j more imminent. The blood had been lapped 1 up clean?all were mad with desire, the tiger and the leopard crouching upon him. Then the majesty of command asserted itself. "Come, Samson." The old lion came forward at the words, seemed to comprehend that something was wrong, thrust himself between his master and his raging mnte, and, when she turned upon him, sent her rolling with a blow of his great paw. The Lion Tamer might have escaped ; but, bleeding, wounded as he was, he would not retreat, and turned his attention to separating the now tangled mass of fighting animals. Picking up one leopard after another, he drew them into a farther corner of the cage, dragging the tiger, with the lioness clinging to it and tearing its glossy hide, thither, tore open its paws by main strength, hurled it back, and shut the partition ; turned, reeled to the door, fell upon it, and was dragged through to safety, even with the lioness rattling behind him as it was closing. A few steps taken, and the Lion Tamer fell fainting by the side of his already insensible wife, who lay with her affrighted child hugged closely to her scarcely-beating heart. Then the silence that had been as death was broken by the most tumultuous shouts, and breath was drawn again, and half-tainting women and fear-palsied men felt as if a mountain had been lifted from their hearts. Lame, torn and weak, the Lion Tamer entered the cage the next day before the most unprecedented crowd, it having been advertised that he would do so in his bloody clothes, but never again could he be tempted to take a child or pail of blood behind the bars. fpSttHattwas grading. HOME MANUFACTURES. An Essay Read Before the Sniuiner Meeting of the State Grange at Anderson, S. C., on the 10th of Augnst, 1877, by Mr. G. Wanner, of Oconee county, S. C. I will call my essay stray thoughts and matters of fact, by an immigrant, on home manufactures, and when done with the facts I will give you Borne figures. Before I go on this errand, allow me to say, "Don't expect a speech from me." Speech making ain't ray business. Only the hope that my matters of fact will be beneficial toward enlisting home enterprise induces me to take the stand. HOME MANUFACTURE. This great supporter of a country?are we as a whole doing anything in this State toward introducing it among us ? I am sorry to say no. We never have tried; we never gave a helping hand and a cheering word towards introducing it here. Yes, there are a few exceptions, among them ; our editors, who in their papers sometimes try to awake the mind of the people, and some few mechanics from the North who have immigrated here, aud who are working hard against the stream in laying the foundation of home industry. you will say, "We get tbiuga so cheap from the North that it would he no use to try to compete with the North." This shows how little confidence we have in ourselves, and how small an opinion we have of the richness of our soil, which in every way is so lavishly bestowed on us by Mother Nature. I am young in years, but I have seen the world, and in my fifteen years of travel, in which I have rambled all over this great Union, from east to west, from north to south, over Mexico, South America, Australia, Africa, China, and over the whole of the European continent, I have uever seen a better, a healthier, and for manufactures, a more suitable country than the upper part of South Carolina. WATER POWER. Find me a country where there is such an abundauce of natural water power, large and powerful enough to run all the factories in the Northern States ; aud what are we doing towards using them? Nothing, ray friends! The waters will run down to the sea yet for years uutil you get convinced that not farming alone, but home manufactures, too, will help to make this State the banner State of the Union. My friends, shall the waters, nature's great gift, still longer run idly without paying us their tribute? Is not our State gifted with all the materials necessary to util ize these waters? FORESTS AND TIMBERS. See our forests! The pine trees are waiting for theaxmen to fell them, to be hauled to the saw mill, moulding and planing machines, there to be turned into prepared lumber, with which to build and furnish for us comfortable houses and furniture. Now, instead of the luxury of a comfortable home, we live in log huts, and the soft aide of a rough plank is our bed. There, too, are the oak and hickory, also waiting to be cut and manufacted into spokes, felloes, pick and ax handles, wagons, <fcc., &c. The willows on the creeks grow and die where idle hands mieht be employed in basket work. COTTON. What are we doing with our cotton ? We sell it to the North or to England to be worked into different cotton fabrics, and in the latter shape it comes back to us again, and we, as a good people knowing no better, pay all the freight, commissions, manufacturing cost and other expenses with a heavy interest, and admire the wonders of the water powers of the North, which, with the help of machinery, are made from the fruits of our soil and with our money. How many people could we not employ in such enterprises? Well, my friends, the time is, I hope, not far away, when we will make our own prints and other cotton fabrio3, and give our Northern friends a chance to buy from us, WOOL. How much wool yearly leaves our State, bought from us at a trifle? We buy this wool back again at enormous prices in the shape of woolen goods, such as clothing, blankets, hats, &c. Many of you wear to-day a pound of wool in the shape of a Hampton or Tilden hat, the original cost of which was thirty cents, and now perhaps cost you 85. Is it worth two, three or four dollars to make such a hat? I puess not. HIDES. How many hides are yearly shipped to Baltimore and New York to be returned again in leather or in the shape of boots and shoes ? And what kind of an article do we get in exchange? Why, the most inferior in the world! Instead of boots and shoes of full stock, we get them of the worst kind of manufacture, such as are made from split leather with shoddy work. Why don't we tan our own hides and make our own boots and shoes ? There is timber enough in the upper part of South Carolina to run fifty large tanneries for years, and how many have we got? Hardly any ! The tanners of the North pay from $12 to $18 for a cord of bark aud live by it. We can getauy amount of it, from $3 to $6 per cord. The tanners South are obliged to sell their rough stock to Baltimore and Northern markets, where it is finished, sold then to Northern shoe manufacturers, and our own leather comes back to us as Northern leather in harness, boots and shoes. Many of you wear to-day a pair of Northern boots or shoes made of Sou them stock. The general opinion here is that leather and shoe material manufactured here is of no account. In this you are mistaken. Encourage your tanners. Sell them good hides, and I warrant you they will give you a good article back again. IRON. By hunting around your farm premises, you will find old iron enough to make farm implements, mill gearing and other iron ware to last you for fifty years. Gather your old iron before it becomes worthless. Start a foundry?we have pine timber enough to keep a large foundry in coal for a long time?and buy your iron ware for one-half the cost you do now. TOBACCO. How many of you do not love a good cigar, good smoking or chewing tobacco? What becomes of the tobacco which you raise? Most of it is shipped to the North and comes back to you in the shape of Havana cigars, or of Durham smoking or some brand of chewing tobacco. You eet from eight to fifteen cents for your weed, and after it has been sent North and been flavored a little, you buy it back at from sixty cents to one dollar and over a pound for smoking tobacco, or pay for it in the shape of cigars from Ave to fifteen cents a piece. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Just see the large amount of peaches, berries, tomatoes, peas, &c., which you ship to the North, for which you get but a trifle, and then when winter comes you pay enormous prices for the fruits of your own soil by going to some store keeper and buying a can of Baltimore canned tomatoes or peaches. My friends, I could go on for a whole day in showing you what we can and what we don't do, but I know that you will all say, "How can we start such enterprises when we don't know how to do it?" I will tell you how. Encourage immigration. Through it you will encourage home manufacture. Induce the right kind of immigrants to come here, and I assure you that in less than no time you will see home industry flourish, and our beloved Palmetto State in a prosperous and healthy condition. Before I close my essay, I will give you some statistics of the amount of money which yearly leaves our State never to return : Supposing we have, at a low guess, 700,000 inhabitants in this State, and put down, as an average, $30, which is spent by young and old during one year-Mt gives us the small sum pf. $21,000,000 Then put down 700,000 with two pair of shoes or boots a year, at an average of $2 per pair, 2,800,000 100,000 sides of leather, such as sole, upper and harness leather, at $3 a side or skin 300,000 100,000 inhabitants who smoke or chew tobacco at an average of $10 a year 1,000,000 700,000 hats, allowing one new hat every year, at an average of $3 2,100,000 Further, we allow for farm implements, farm ware, tools, &c.... 600,000 Together it sums up $27,800,000 No wonder we are poor, then, if this sum leaves our State yearly, never to return. Why -ciraH we keep it here??If we try we can, aud I hope we will all join hand in hand, and lift our State, by agriculture and home manufacture combined, to that station where she ought to be. G. Wanner, Secretary Pomona Grange, No. 9. ? ? PLANTATION ENGINES. An Essay Rend Before the Summer Meeting of the State Grange at Anderson, S. C., ou the 9th of August, 1S77, by Richard Tozer, Esq., of Columbia, Vice President of the State Agricultural Society. Within the last 100 years steam has been used for almost every purpose where a power i 1?i xt. ? .*?i. lias oeen requireu. xiu luutivc pnci auunu to man is equal to it. Engines of every form and size have been made and used. It has aided mankind in spreading civilization and Christianity to the most remote part of the known world, and without it the commerce of the world would be brought to a standstill. The plantation engine may be said to date from 1849, when Mr. Wm. Libby, of Charleston, built the first plantation engine that we have any record of, and was used on a rice plantation on the Corabahee river. Previous to the war between the States, this class of engine was unknown in the upper part of this State, but the change in our labor system compelled our planters to adopt labor-saviug machinery, wherever it could be adopted. And I know of no piece of machinery that has responded more profitably to the farmer than the steam engine. No investment will pay a better interest for the amount invested. To gin cotton with horse power, it takes four good horses to run a fifty-saw gin, and if they turn out four bales per day, they are doing pretty well. It costs about 82.50 per day to feed this stock. A good six-horse engine is capable of running two fifty-saw gins, and if the gins are in good order they should turn out from ten to twelve bales per day, at a cost not exceeding fifty cents for fuel, for an engine constructed on proper principles should not consume over half a cord of wood to perform the above work. So you can readily perceive that there is much advantage in using steam over animal power. The same | o . economy is obtained at whatever work you apply the steam engine to?threshing grain, grinding corn and sugar cane and sawing lumber, for even as small as a six-horse engine can be made to saw with a thirty-sixinch saw mill, costing about $200, from twelve to fifteen hundred feet of lumber per day. And here let me say I believe the plantation engine will do more to solve the fence question than all the legislation that can be brought to bear upon the subject. It is only the scarcity of fence material that agitates the question so much. With a good stock of fence lumber on hand, the farmer can easily keep up his fences. Besides his fences, with a small saw mill and a steam engine, he can always have a stock of lumber on hand for any improvement he may desire to make. There have been many improvements in the plantation engine since its first introduction, but others are yet in store for this little friend of the farmer. Whenever it is requisite to move the present engine from one locality to another, a team has to be taken from the field to move it. This is not economy; for the plantation engine having double the power it takes to move its own weight, should be made to propel itself and draw whatever machine it is to work. This is done in other countries. The argument that arises here is our roflds are bad. True, our roads are bad indeed, but they oan be improved, and there * /*< i n is ample room tor our uouniy ^omraissiouers to show us what they know about road making. Gentlemen, give us a good couutry road and we will give you a plantation engine that will move over the country without taking the team from the field at your busiest time, when your crops need working most. A few words on the construction of a plan tation engine, and I close: The first and most important part is the boiler; this should be built of the best of iron. The locomotive type is the best steam generator that has yet beeu produced. The flues should, for burning wood, be not less than two inches, nor larger than three inches, and a sufficient number introduced, with the surface of the fire box, to give from ten to twelve square feet to the horse power, and of a sufficient strength to f withstand a pressure of 100 pounds to the ! square inch. The engine should be composed i of as few parts as possible for its proper I movement, and made of the best of metal, that 1 it may be made as light as possible. One 1 very essential part is the pump. This should i receive the best attention, for many a life i has been lost through an engine's pump fail- f ing to work and the water in the boiler being I allowed to fall below the proper height. I Proper attention should also be given to the i safety valve, so, that should the engine have ] to stop working, or become deranged in "any i manner, any excess of steam may be allowed < to escape free. A mounted engine should be i made to follow in the track of a common a country wagon, for by so doing it will be i easier on the animals pulling it. In purchas- ' ing an engine I would advise you to get the 1 best, for its always the cheapest io the end, ] and avoid those cheap machines which are a a curse to the purchaser and a disgrace to the i builder. They are made to sell, and often t kill those who try to get work out of them. \ Purchase your machinery as near home as ? possible. In so doing you will not only con- t fer a benefit on your own citizens, but you i will add to the wealth of your State by keep- r ing your money at home, and by carrying out that principle so often talked oflf?build up factories of your own. Richard Tozer. t e DR. PLUMER'S SPEECH. f THE VETERAN CREATES A SENSATION IN ED- ? INBURQ?A REMARKABLE SPEECH. t The correspondent of the New York Her- * aid, writing from Edinburg of the Pan-Pres- ? byterian Council, thus speaks of a venerable ? divine whose name is a "tower of strength" in c this State: \ Any account of the personnel of the council i would be incomplete without special reference * to Dr. William S. Plumer, of South Carolina, t its veteran. This grand old man?in his a eighty-eighth year, with his long, snowy hair i and patriarchial beard?might suggest the I ideal Rip Van Winkle were his mind not so 1 wide awake. Dr. Plumer was once minister c of the church of Fredericksburg, and indeed 8 for a generation was the Presbyterian giant of 1 Virginia. He was the leading man of a once l famous convention which met at Richmond to 8 consider the educational condition of that I State. There he opposed the late Samuel M. c Janney, who wanted the free school system, I but complimented that modest Quaker, say- t ing, "A city that is set on a hill cannot be t hid." His epigrammatic utterances were r widely known, as when he said, as an offset to 8 a revivalist who said that he wanted "to get 8 up a revival," tbat he (riumerj wanted "to i get down a revival." c Dr. Plumer, aged as he is, has made one of 1 the most powerful impressions on the council, t It was when co-operation in missions was the 1 subject that he arose to make an appeal for ' missions among the negroes of the Southern * States. It was plain that the old scholar's * erudition and devoutness had borne hira far c above all vulgar prejudices against the negro. 1 The promise, "Ethiopia shall stretch forth her f hands," was raised by him against the super* t stition he rebuked that there was some special 8 curse on Africans. He related some touching anecdotes of that race, showing their hero- * ism and piety, and warned the church that t they were not sahibiting as much- wisdom as the Catholics in winning so desirable an ele- 1 mentas the Southern negroes. Roman Cath- ? olics, he said, are building chapels everywhere 1 and inviting colored people into them. He * once told his theological class in Columbia, t South Carolina, that he did not think the t Catholics would make much headway with the colored people, because these were so noisy in their worship and so fond of taking part in public worship; but one of his class told him c. he had been to one of these Catholic churches, 1 and the noisest he ever heard. He (Dr. Plumer) had found it so; the order had gone ^ - *-> - i -i ?< c out from itome, "never mina ine noise 11 you get the men." The speaker seemed inspired j with the theme. He declared the most.elo- , quent preacher he ever heard in his life was a , black man from Tennessee; that the only way to convert Africa, and forever end the 8 odious slave trade, was to make a united ef- , fort to win the hearts of the colored people in America. It was a very remarkable speech this of Dr. Plumer, especially as the working of a high and human spirit in the heart of . that State which was once so especially asso- 1 ciated with the "cursed-be-Canaan" theory of [ the African race. , ? ? 4 ' Reading by Subjects.?But perhaps you 8 don't know how to read by subjects. Let me ? tell you. Suppose you see an allusion to * something that interests you?say Sir Walter 1 Raleigh ; look for his name in an encvclope- ? dia or biographical dictionary (which you 11 will find in every tolerable village library.) r Reading of him, you will become interested a in Queen Elizabeth ; look hsr up, in the same ' books, and in English history; observe the v noted men of her reign, look them up, read 1 their lives; read historical novels and poems f of her time ; look at the table of contents of . magazines and reviews, and read essays on J( the subject. You see the way open before a you. Once make a start, and there is scarce- 1 ly an end to the paths you would wish to ? follow. If you have no special subject of interest, c take up an encyclopedia, slowly turn the 0 leaves, and read any item that attracts you, ? not forcing yourself to read anything. If ? you have any life in you, you will find something that will interest you; then you have n your subject. If it is some historical person * or event, proceed as I have already indica- 8 ted ; if scientific, overhaul the dictionaries of " science, lives of scientific men, discussions of a disputed points, etc.; if geographical, turn a to a gazetteer, books of travels, etc. One book will lead to another. Right here let me say, I hope you have ac- * cess to these works of reference, either in your own house, or that of a friend, or at a public library. But if your case is the very worst? if you have none, cannot buy them, and have no public library in your neighborhood, let 7 me advise you to drop everything else, and make it your sole and special mission to start 7 one, either by influencing your parents and older friends, or by getting up a club of your mates. A strong will and earnest effort will . accomplish wonders, and all older people are n willing to help younger ones to useful tools.? P1 St. Nicholas. fD1 ti Clergymen's Fisii sioriia.?The edito- a' rial correspondent of the Richmond (Va.,) B Christian Advocate contains these stories: hi The Pamunky reminded me of a fish story. So I told it te Brother Peterson. It ran this way ; A shark came up that river. A oiti- cc zen saw it, took a sturgeon harpoon, went out es in a canoe, sent the steel barb into the shark, ai Tko fn flin kornAnn Ifl X UC BUttlft. uai LCU. JLUO \j\Jl\A l?v vu? UH?|/vvu -hung in the bow of the boat, and that end of ai the canoe started under the water. The man w jumped to the stem, and leaned back over the ^ rudder to keep the front from dipping. The si shark was doing his best, making (say, rough- M ly,) fifty miles an hour. The fisherman could A not go forward to unhitch the cord, for the m boat would go right under, like a mole in a 0 ploughed field, but quicker. So the man had a to "rare" back, like he was driving a fast horse in a sulky before his sweetheart's house, His neighbors hailed him from the banks, but c< he hadn't time to talk. They went home and w told their wives, and wondered. The boat- ni men on the river shouted to him as he skeeted di by. He was going too fast to answer, The ai shark turned oat of the Pamunky into the Fork. Capsized in a river three miles wide, md a mad shark close by, was an ugly thought. The man wished that he had been From home the day the shark came by his bouse, and was "regretful" generally. The shark made a wide circle in the York, and returned up the Pamunky, and, nearly oppolite the starting-point, suddenly stopped, rose io the top?dead. The man was glad. Now, ;his is not a small story. It is of the Centeniial Krupp Gun calibre. I watched Brother Peterson. He didn't seem to give way under t as I liked. He took a fresh bite of tobac;o, and said, "I know a bigger one." "Tell t." "I will. In Charleston harbor a fish iwallowed the anchor of a schooner, put out, md dragged the vessel under." "O, said I, 'that's apocryphal. Mine was a true story. Dr. Leroy M. Lee vouches for it." Brother Peterson chewed briskly a second or so, and , aid, "I heard Bishop Wightman say he knew nine was true." A schooner against a canoe, i bishop against a presiding elder, the odds vere too great, worse than "the eight to sev:n it was no use "to attempt Gibralter with i pocket-pistol." As at Appomattox, "yieldAn/I Anawtnkalminop Ug IrU OUUC11UA UUUiUOiO OliU VTVinuvtuiiug esources, I quit PRISONERS GOING TO SIBERIA. The saddest sight in Russia to a traveler is he manner in which civil prisoners are treatid. It is a common spectacle to see three or bur hundred poor wretches on their way to Liberia under a military escort; for most of hem are chained together in couples, while he women and children who have elected to ihare their bread-winners' lot have also to lubrnit to be treated as oriminals. Poorly ilad, and apparently half-starved, the wonier is that any of the party should ever surrive the dreadful journey. A Russian criminal, condemned to exile, is sent away with rery little ceremony; but when an officer of he army or other person of note has been entenced to banishment for life, he is dressed n full uniform, and led to a scaffold in some mblic place. In the presence of the crowd le is made to kneel, while his epaulets and lecorations are torn from his coat, and bis word broken over bis bead. He is declared egally dead; his estates are confiscated, and lis wife can consider herself a widow, if she 0 chooses. From this scaffold he starts on lis journey for Siberia. His wife and chilIren, sisters or mother, can follow or accom>any him, if they choose, but only on condition hat they share his exile. Mr. Arnold, in his took entitled "Through Persia by Caravan," elates how, when passing through Russia, he aw a party of prisoners embarked on board 1 steamer on the River Volga. They were lositively caged amidships, so that every part if the interior could be seen, just as in the ion-houses of the Zoological Gardens, with his difference?that in-the case of the prisoiers there was no overhanging roof to prevent 1 ain or sunshine from pouring in upon their wretchedness. At the bacfc or the cage there was a lair common to all, without distinction >f sex or age. And when all were secured, ncluding the guiltless women and children, ights occurred for the places least exposed to he east wind. This is a system whioh must urely fade away beneath that public opinion fhich is fast becoming too strong for even Lutocratic monarchs to despise; for we are old that the emancipation of the Russian serfs w made a vast legal, social, and material mprovement in the low orders of the people; ind it is to the. people that the world will ook for that much-needed reform which will inable Russia, perhaps at no distant day, to ake an honorable place among civilized naions. ? 4 The Head of the Family.?The Toledo Blade tells this story: If ever the sympathy if a crowd of guests at a hotel was excited n behalf of a poor oppressed man, it was a light or two ago in the Burnett House. A gentleman and lady from Adrian entered the iffice. The man was small, slight, smoothongued, and harmless. The woman was 1 arge, stern, and quick-spoken, while her voice ell upon the ear like the fltaping note^of a ' loarse buck-saw. The man opened bis mouth md said : "We would li?" when the spouse pushed lira one side sharply, and said to the clerk : "Have you any rooms, sir ? If so, give us he best you have." The clerk immersed the pen in ink, handed t to the husband, and said, "Will you please egister ?" The husband seemed grateful to te allowed to exercise his rights as a freetorn male American citizen, and stepped [ladly forward, wrote the word Mr., and had ntered on the somewhat laborious contract of orming the letter "J," as the forerunner of he cognomen "James,"' when the wife again tepped forward, took the pen which her little lusband was wrestling with, out of bis hand, emarking as she did so, "Here, I'll do that!" nd, adding an "s" to her husband's "Mr.," rrote in a bold hit-or-miss hand, "Mrs. Mai- i ina H.," and underneath it, -in small caps, he words, "and husband." The clerk then ssigned them their quarters, and, as the belloy led the way up-stairs, the better-half irked the family carpet-sack off the counter, nd snapped out at her husband, in a tone hat made him jump so as to dislocate his ollar-button, "Come along here!" He folawed meekly in the rear, and as the bell-boy ame down stairs he could hear her giving ut orders in reference to unpacking the bagage, in a tone of voice that made the hoarse otes of a ship captain seem, in comparison, Ike the gentle cooing of a dove. The next lorning the patient little man followed his rife down to breakfast, ate the meal which be had ordered for him, and afterward, when bey came to depart, he stood in the doorway nd held the ralise, while his wife went up nd paid the bill. ? ? ^ J?" Now that the Russians and the Turks re fighting each other, it may be interesting > know what kind of a creature a Turkish )ldier is. As a rule he is tall and squarely uilt. He is more intelligent and quick than ie Russian. Physically, many of them are ery handsome; hardly any are brutal in >ok or disposition. They can both read and rite, and there are no better soldiers. If eaten in war, it will not be their fault. They it no meat and drink no whisky. In fact, ley are an army of teetotalers and vegetaans, and can be maintained at small exense. The Ottoman Empire may be decliing on account of the rottenness of its instiitions, but the bulk of its population is mor11 ' ? il. iij ana pnysicany superior 10 inai ox mo ussians. At least, so says Mr. Sala, who w traveled extensively in both countries. American Aristocracy.?It may be a insolation to "stuck-up people," whose greatit boast is that they have never engaged in ly useful employment, to be told of the fol>wing facts: Washington was a surveyor id former; Franklin was a printer; Paine aa a stay-maker; Greene was a blacksmith; barren was a physician j Sumter was a lepherd; Roger Sherman was a shoe-maker; [arion was a farmer, as was also Putnam, lien and Stark; Hancock was a shipping erchant; Trumbull was an artist; Arnold vho, though a traitor, was a brave man and good general) was a druggist and book-seller* Remedy foe Chills and Fever.?Thre* . sots' worth of sulphur in a pint of the best hisky; shake well, and take a teaspoonful ight and morning for a week ; then once a ly. Care must be taken not to take cold fter using the sulphur.