Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, November 30, 1876, Image 4
Humorous jfrjnwtowat.
DOING THE CHEERFUL.
William Crownsheet, while eatiDg his laoch
during Saturday noon hour at the railroad
shops, unfolded a tempting piece of cheese, and
saw the following lines, which attracted his attention,
on the newspaper wrapper: "Every
man who wishes to cherish the loving hearts
of his household, will lay off the cares of business
with his working clothes, and carry cheerfulness
and smiles into his home." "Now
that's a right sensible piece," observed William,
critically. "I'll be blessed if I don't
try that thing and see if it won't help the old
woman's jaw and the young one's yowl." As
- he came near home in the evening, he put on
a smile that made his smntty face look like a
potato that a wheelbarrow had run over, and
going into the house slapped down his plicky,
jerked off his dickey, and danced a hornpipe
on the kitchen floor, all the time grinning
1:1 i : a, ii. ii. j 1 i.j
iiko a iubu uaviug a tuubu puueu, auu euucu
by throwing his arms around his wife, as she
prodded half a shad in the frying pan, and
shouted : "Give us a buBs, ole ootnan?
For I'm just as happy as a stump-tailed dog
That's found a bone in the garden."
But he never got any farther. Mrs. Crownsheet
rose up and glared at him like a lioness
at bay. "William Crownsheet! and has it
come to this ? Have I made your fires and
cooked your meals and washed your shirts for
fifteen years to have you come home drunk
before supper ?" "Why, Mollie, heaven bless
you, I'm not drunk; I'm only cheerful."
"Cheerful ! yes, a cheerful looking object you
are to come home to a household of innocent
children. Just look at that poor dear little
Robert H. Sayer Crownsheet sitting there
staring his eyes out of his head at bis idiotic
old father. Oh I I'm ashamed of you."
"You are all wrong, Mollie; I'm only takin'
off my cares along with my clothes, and bringing
cheerfulness home to the loving hearts of
my household. "Why, bless my heart, if I
don't believe the man has gone clear crazy.
Here, Matilda, run out and ask one of the
a- : j TV 11
ueiguuor uieu 10 curno iu nuu priawt us. xen
'em your father has got something the matter
with him," and she shoved the girl out at the
back door, and grabbing the baby by one arm
she fled up stairs. The neighbors came in
and looked suspicious at William, as he washed
his face in the back yard; then he went
into the house and heard them comforting his
wife, who was crying by the apronful. They
guessed he would be all right directly?he
had only taken a little too much on an empty
stomach. William says, this morning, that
he never saw a newspaper in his life that was
worth a cent.
TIT FOE TAT.
A Jersey tavern keeper who had become
more celebrated for the length of his bills
than the abundance of his tables, met with a
sharper quite as sharp as himself on one occasion.
A Yankee happening to pass through that
region, stopped at the man's hotel and ordered
dinuer. When he came to pay the bill he
was astonished to find it was stretched out to
six dollars. This rather startled the Yankee,
and he demanded to know what he had eateu
that such a bill should be charged. The landlord
replied: "the bill will show you." On
consulting it he found several kinds,of wines
and extras.
"Well, look here, I didn't have none of
that stuff brought out for me and, and I wont
pay the bill!"
"Oh, we never wait for orders here, we
know our business," responded the landlord ;
the wine was, on the table, and you could
drink it or not; that was your business, not
ours." Sj
The Yankee saw there was no use in quarreling
about the matter, so, with a broken
heart, he paid the bill. ^
Three months after.that-emr-EiEtera"?nend
1 liguiu wacleins appearance at the hotel and
called for dinner. When he sat down to the
table he laid down a $20 bill at the side of
his plate, and ordered all the delicacies he
could think of, and all the wines he could
stomach. While eating his dinner, he called
the attention of the landlord to the bill as to
whether it was genuine or not The landlord
1/vrvlraH af if ronlied fVinf if roaa nnri Vian/iorl
jw",ivu "? *vr"v>* ^
it back. As soon as the Yankee had finished,
he put the money in his pocket, walked
out of the house and jumped into his
wagon.
"Hello !" said the landlord, "here, you've
not paid your bill."
"It's your own fault," said the Yankee.
"I never wait to have a bill presented to
me?the money laid on your table, and you
could have taken it or not, just as you told
me about the wine three months ago yesterThe
landlord swore a few as the Yankee's
horse spattered the mud on the road.
The Man who had Been to the Centennial.?A
bashful appearing man stepped into
the Enquirer editorial room the other evening,
and edging up to the table of the managing
editor, hat in hand, said in a hesitating
way : "You like little items for your paper, I
suppose ?"
"Certainly," replied Mr.Cockerill, "a newspaper,
like life, is made of little items. What
have you to offer ?"
"Well," said the bashful man, playing with
his hat band, "my name is Smith?John
Cmitk onrl T'wa inof r?r?f U Am a "
tJUIUll auu X TO J UOb guu UWLUUt
"Glad to see you back again, Mr. Smith,"
said Cockerill; "been gone long ?" <
"I have been," said Mr. Smith, with a tremor
of pride in his voice, "to the Centennial,
and if you want to make a little notice?"
"What! cried Cockerill, springing to his
feet, "you've been to the Centennial ? And
you'vo got back ? Give us yonr hand; I'm
delighted to see you. Spear, let me introduce
you to John Smith. John has been to the
Centennial!"
Spear shook hands very warmly with Mr.
* Smith, and then ran to the aperture communicating
with the reporter's room and
shouted:
"O'Shaughnessy, come in here, quick; here
is a man that's been to the Centennial."
Then O'Shaughnessy bounced in, followed by
his assistants, all of whom embraced the bewildered
Smith warmly, and expressed the
gratification it afforded them to meet a man
i ill i. ii x _ _ i -
wno nau Deen 10 iae great, national xl.2uiuii.iuu.
Word got downstairs somehow, and Joe McDowell,
Bill Small, and Uncle Joe Shadenge
came upstairs at a tearing rate, to gaze upon
the individual who had been to the great Exhibition.
It was too much for the modest man to bear,
and murmuring something about making an
item of bis return if they wanted to, he hurried
out just in time to meet the foreman and
thirty-two compositors on the stairs, all eager
to get a glimpse of the man who had "been to
the Centennial."
A Slight Mistake.?There is a good story,
and a true one withal, relative to Mr.
Gill, long a reporter of the Boston Pott, and
well known as a "fellow of infinite jest." He
was reporting a dinner of the seventy-fifth
; f T?.,?w;n
mi ill versa i y ui uio i/ai/v ic vi xiuua?? o umi
The dinner was a splendid affair, and everybody
was a patriotic. Gill, when the excitement
-was at boiling point, whispered to a
friend, one of those gentlemen who are always
"happy" in speech-making, that his father
was engaged in the battle of Banker's
Hill. The orator arose, made a brilliant
speech, alluded to ^Gill's health, which was
drank with the nsaal honors, and one or two
more. There were shouts for "Gill! Gill I"
K and he made a speech, returning thanks in the
^^^\tj8ual manner, and said:
EM^Bul my learned friend omitted one fact?
fact?of which he might have
father was in the battle of
unfortunately, fought
v.^^jKjh enthusiasm afH
^"fea^nepeeches
fit* $?fw anil fireside.
[Original.]
WORK ANIMALS.
Not a few persons think, or act, as if they
think that horses and males, when they are
not employed, need very little food and no attention.
This is a strange delusion. If these
animals, when not at work, were furnished
with a good pasture, then they would not require
food; but if they are confined in the
stable or lot, they require to be fed and watered
just as punctually as if engaged at
work. Does a man neither eat nor drink
whed*he is not laboring ? If such were the
case, provisions of ail kinds would be plenty
and fabulously cheap. Experience proves
that during the winter months, it takes more'
food to keep stock in good condition than it
does during the summer. The reason of this
is easily given. In severe cold weather, a
large amount of the food which the animal
eats is consumed in keeping up the animal
heat This is the reason that it is hard to
fatten a poor animal in the winter, and it is
also the reason that a poor animal cannot
Btand cold. It is not hard work that causes
some people's horses and mules to be so poor.
Whenever you see a man's stock always in
bad condition, you may set it down that he is
either a very negligent man, or a very cruel
man. He may grow rich but he will never
become great or happy.
[Original.]
CREDIT vs. CASH BUYING.
The following contains many things worthy
of the careful consideration of every man
and woman in the land. It is, however, defective.
A cash system, to be honest and
just, must be universal. There are many
men, in every community, just as important
to the welfare of that community, as the merchant.
No man fills a more useful position
than the faithful school teacher. It is unfair1
and unrighteous to pay the merchant cash for
his goods, and keep the school teacher out of'
his honestly earned money until the end of
the year. The same is true respecting minis-1
ters of the gospel and physicians. As a rule,
school teachers and preachers are poor. They
have no capital but their brains. As civilizere,
to say nothing more, they are of as
much importance as the man who sells calico.
It is decidedly right to pay the merchant
cash for his goods; but it is decidedly wrong
to force the school teacher and preacher to
labor on the credit system. With these additions,
we commend the following:
"The practice of buying the necessary articles
of household use on credit, is fatal to
good economy. The housekeeper has always
to pay dearer when she does not pay cash.
The tradesman must have interest on his
money, for a man will never, in a busy community,
be willing, and is seldom able, if be
is willing, to forego it. To the ordinary cash
price of the article he, therefore, adds the interest
which may accrue during the time that
credit is allowed. This, moreover, is not all;
there must be premium exacted by the dealer
for the risk he runs in trusting out his goods,
- w a 1 J I
to that class or more or less uaugeruus customers
who never pay ready money. Even
the most honestly disposed of these are often
aoBafe debtors; for they are generally imprudent
enough to anticipate their incomes, and
overrun them in expenditure.
system, raoreoverJsaJfijnpt&tieir to unnecessary
purrjia.segr--^IcEere is a sort of check in
the sight and touch of the hard-earned money
to the disposition to dispose of it lightly.
On the other hand there is something in the
facility of credit, removing as it does the disagreeable
necessity of payment to the buyer
who can gratify his love of possession with a
momentary sense, at any rate, that its gratification
costs nothing. There is no such cheap
and cautious purchaser as cash."
Now, let us dissect the above in the light of
facts. With the first proposition, that "the
practice of buying the necessary articles of
household use on credit is fatal to good economy,"
we fully agree; but that it is so for the
reasons given we deny. The correct reason is
given further down, where the writer states
A-LaI IUUawa ia B r\P aUonlr in fVlO Q1 OfKf
touch of the hard earned money, to the disposition
to dispose of it lightly."
Under the system on which our retailers'
business is conducted, this latter is the only
thing in favor of cash payments. But that
it should be so is wrong! 'Cash customers
should be encouraged by all retailers! They
are not now! We venture to assert that there
is not a retail store in this city, or mayhap in
the State, the proprietor of which has two
prices for his goods. The cash customer goes
in to buy his pound of tea, sugar or coffee, or
yard of cloth, or any other item, as the case
may be, and side by side with the credit customers
he pays the same price for the articles
he wants. Very well; but in what relations
do the two customers stand to the retailer?
In the first instance his goods are gone, but he
has the equivalent for them in his pocket, and
can at once replace them and still have a fair
per centage on their cost left for his trouble.
In the second, however, it is far different; his
goods are gone, and were it not that he had
some working eapital he could not replace
them until the credit customer paid for them.
This the latter may do in a week, a month, or
never; and to keep himself whole, wake up
for bad debts, and meet his own bills prompt
ly, the retailer lias to arrange nis prices io
suit, which prices the cash customer has to
pay. Thus do cash customers have to help
pay the bills of credit customers and dead
beats; and when enough cannot be made out
of them for this purpose the shopkeeper has
to suspend.
Now, what we olaim is, that retailers should
have two prices for. their goods?a cash price
and a credit price. Those who seek favors in
the shape of credit should pay for such favors,
just the same as the man who borrows
money pays interest for the use of such money.
The interest on the money the retailer invests
in credit customers should not be paid by eash
customers, as it is all over our land to-day.
Or, if the retailer claims that he cannot have
two prices and maintain his business, let him
require of the credit customer good security,
and, on settlement, a per centage sufficient to
cdver at current rates the use of the amount
be has had in credit; then, on these condi-1
tions, sell at the same rates he* does to the
cash customer.
Should some one of these plans be adopted,
or some other proper inducement be held out
to consumers in general to make cash purchases
only, we believe that business would
at once assume a more healthy tone ; that failures
would be less numerous ; and that consumers
generally would be more honorable,
more independent, and more prosperous than
n^w.?Detroit Commercial Advertiser.
Runaway Horses.?Runaway horses
which could not be cured in any other way,
have been easily and perfectly managed and
entirely andjpermanently cured, by placing
a leather hood on the headstall, in such a
manner that whenever the horse starts to
run a cord pulls this hood over his eyes. As
soon as he finds that he is blinded completely,
he will slacken his pace and soon come to
a halt?or if he does not, run him against
some object, that will give him a brushing,
and he will soon get tired of the trick.
J^The estimated consumption of tobacco
in the world is 1,312,500 tons, requiring over
a million persons to cultivate and prepare it
for market, and over 3,000,000 gain a livelihood
directly by the world's use of it. The
collections from tobacco, for thirteen years,
to 1875 inclusive, for the United States internal
revenue, foot up the Bum of $37,903,461.
flMtaitwit* fUaiittg.
STOBIES OF WILIS. ~
FBOM A LAWYER'S NOTE-BOOK. ' *
There was an old lady, a toothless old dowager,
who had a reprobate and discarded son,
and a pretty, gentle niece, who lived with her.
We used to manage all the affairs, and it was
pretty well known in the office that the; "nice
girl with long curls" wa^ to be the. old lady's
heir. Oar head clerk, a red-whiskered dandy,
who had no mean opinion of himself, built, I
could see, certain speculations on that basis.
The old lady never came without Eliza; and
when a visit was expected,fifoCatchpole brushed
his fiery hair into the most killing cutis,
and changed the out-at-elbows coat for 'the
smart one he woife out of doors, and beautified
himself as far as that Was practicable. Well,
a message came one day that the old lady was
ill, very ill, with the urgent request that some
one should go at once and make her will.
Off went our Adonis as fast as a promise of
something liberal over the fare could urge the
. 1VTI I _ i_ \ di llJ I. j
caoman. w nen ne arnvea tne oia iaay was
alive?just alive enough to tell him that tell
her property was to be left to Eliza. She fold
him in the hissing whisper which supplied the
place of the cracked voice; but when she
came to the world "all," so full was the jidbr
old creature of love for her niece, or, perhaps
of determination?let us hope not hate?
against her son, that she rose1 brp'in her bed,
and clenched her withered hand, and shrieked
out that word again. It must have been- a
terrible sight?that of life struggling with
death for a will. It was a short matter to
write that will down; and Gatchpole's ^pen
flew ove.* the paper, and the old eyes that were
glazing so fast stared anxiously the while,.and
the thin fingers actually held the .pen she^had
asked for beforehand ready tosigU the pfiper.
In a few minutes all'was ready'; but what
a difference that few minutes made. The
clerk had risen from bis seat and approached
the couch, when the surgeon, who stood oo
the other side, said, with the coolness which
medioal practice brings, "It is too late j" and
it was too late. The dfiad fingers clenched
the unused pen so tightly that they had to be
unclasped from it. The son was heir of all,
and Eliza the beggar.' Death had translated
that screamed out "all" into Uone. The sequel
is soon told. The property was wasted
by the son, and has long since passed into
other hands; and Eliza, instead of possessing
some thousands a year, and being wooed by
Mr. Catchpole, is a faded governess.
Every lawyer's office has plenty of such
tales as this. One I.remember of a^ni^er who
had rained more than one family, and in his
last moments wished to make such reparation
as bequeathed gold could compass. Poor
wretch, when the will was brought, catalepsy
had seized him. He could not move bis
hand ; his tongue refused its office; only his
eyes were free to move; and of those eyes I
have been told a terrible tale. He was, as
misers often are, of strong mind and iron nerve.
Passive as he was in every other part, the eyes
told all that passed within. You could have
seen in them intelligence when the will was
read to him ; the powerful volition brought to
bear, and persevered in, when the written
word which was to make it a testament Was
required ; the terror and horror which came
over him when he found the right hand, which
had so often aided for evil, would not help
him for good; the despair which burst the
unseeu bauds around him, and, with a convulsive
motion, let out the last of life. It must
have been a spectacle of horror, when punishment
came in the shape of a prohibition of
the act of mercy which might have made some
amends for a life time of wrong... - .
Then there was another legend of a man
whose daughter married against his will. He
"jived somewhere in a retired country-house,
far off from any town. This man was subject
to a disease of the heart, and one night feeling
the symptoms of an approaching attack,
and that Btrange presentment that so often
comes before death, he aroused his household
and sent off a messenger on horseback, not for
a surgeon, but a lawyer. He wanted his will
made instantly. The messenger could not be
back for at least two hours, and long before
that the spasmodic attack had come on, but
still in the intervals of his paroxysms that determined
man wrote against time. When the
lawyer did arrive, all that was left of the will
which had been so active and energetic a few
hours before, was that last piece of writing.
It expressed the deceased's will in the strongest
terms, utterly to disinherit-his rebellious child,
and to give his property to some charitable
institution. It was complete even to the signature;
only the flourishes usually added to
the name was wanting, as though there the
hand had failed. But that writing was not a
will; it was not in proper form, nor attested.
In the eye of the law it was but au individual
piece of paper, and the daughter took that
which her birthright entitled her to.
Wills generally afford a frightful temptation
to the worst part of our nature. I believe
that more cunning, more falsehood, more
1J1 ?"rt WIAHol TtJUAniV O HA
wunuiy BUAlCtJ', uuu luuid iuuiai nivug, ai?
blended with the subject of "wills," than with
the whole mass of law parchment extant. A
will should not only be properly made, but
properly placed, and more than one should be
cognizant of its whereabouts. I have known
many cases of gross turpitude in the shape of
destroying wills, and can record one rather
curious anecdote, affording a vivid illustration
of unprincipled greed defeating itself.
Two gentlemen, close friends from their
school-days, were in the decline of life. Mr.
Edmunds had a large family with comparatively
small means, while Mr. Raymond was
worth two hundred thousand pounds, with no
living relatives but a nephew of the most profligate
and hopeless character. This nephew
had been expensively educated, and had
spent unlimited money for the worst purpose,
and the uncle at length became wearied and
disgusted with the young man's utter depravity.
"Edmonds," said Raymond one day to his
friend, as he handed him a roll of paper,
"here is my will. I have left my nephew ten
thousand pounds, and the rest of my property
to you, who, I know, will make good use of it."
Edmonds remonstrated and implored, but
was eventually compelled to take, the will and
lock it up in his private desk. Within a few
months, however, by dint of constant entreaty,
Edmonds prevailed upon his friend to make
another will, and just reverse the bequests,
leaving the nephew the bulk of the property,
and Edmonds the ten thousand pounds. This
will Edmonds read, and saw safely deposited
in Raymond's iron chest, at his private residence.
Within the following year Raymond
died. The nephew found the will, and, as it
afterward appeared, such was his baseness,
that to .secure in addition to the rest, the ten
thousand pounds left to Edmonds, he immeJ.'r.4?1?.
+ fViA ^nnnmont lrnAtnlnrv if Kin
IImicij UUIUb tuo UUVUiiiuuV) auu*? tug M* M?w
uncle died intestate, himself was heir-at-law.
On this villainous announcement, Edmonds,
sinking his conscientious scruples, produced
the first 'uoill made by Raymond, and claimed
the chief of the property, and the unprincipled
nephew, after making full confession during
'a fit of delirium tremens, destroyed himself
4ST There are anumber of middle-aged gentlemen,
who, thinking themselves endowed by
nature with oratorial ability, visit Sunday
schools to display their speech-making qualities.
One of these gentry had a round of four
or five schools which he visited regularly and
and as regularly bored, ending his orations
invariably with amen I While visiting one
of the schools, the superintendent, out of courtesy,
asked him if he desired to say a few
words to the school.
"Wa'al, yes, I'll say just a word or twol"
and straightening himself up, he began:
"Wa'al, chil'un, the superintendent wants
me to speek to yer. Neow, what shall I say?
what shall I talk about?"
A bright little fellow, about four years of
age, sitting in the from; seat, who evidently
had heard the orator before, jumped up to his
feet, and lisped out loud enough to be heard
| all over the school room?
' "Thay 'amen,' and 'thit down?"
fat tic J^b&atlt.. ?
' OOWDUOTED BY REV.
ROBERT LATHAN$
K V
I Original.]
, THE HOLT KISS.
In four of his epistles, the Apostle. Paul
exhorts those addressed to salute one another
with a holy kiss. The exhortation will be
found in Bomaps{xvi^ 16 .Corinthians,
xvi:20; 2nd Corinthians,xiii: 12; and-in
1st Thessal?nian8, v: 26. In all of these
passages, the identically same words are used, j
In the 1st epistle of Peter,,v; 14, we have this
exhortation: "Greet ye one another with, a t
kiss of charity." The words used by Peter 1
are the same as those used by Paul, the con- ]
struction being a little different. Manifestly, j
I T-? l I? .<_ . L>1 T>?i .
wnat raui means uy -?/ uuij aiso, x etex i
denotes by "a kiss of oharity." < j
Id order that we may comprehend the import
of this Apostolic injunction, we must ]
first understand something oft the, manners <
and customs of civilized nations at the t\me j
Paul and Peter wrote their epistles. At a
very early period in the history of the world, j
men devised some ceremonies of saluting each
other when they met, aud of taking leave of ]
each other when they parted. Among the f
earliest, if not the most-early, mode of saluta- }
tion practiced among civilized nations, 'was f
embracing and kissing. Thus we find that
when Esau and Jacob* Wet on the return of (
the latter from his sojourn in Padan-aram, ]
Esau ran unto Jacob, embraced him, fell 1
upon his neck and kissed hii'W Gen. xxxiii: 4.
The word used by Paul and Peter which, in
the English rtranslatioq: pfthct Scriptures, is i
rendered "salute," more properly means "era *
brace." 'Evidently, the mode of salutation
common in thfe days' of thfi; patriarch, Jacob, j
was retained and practiced at the time of the
Apostles Paul and Peter. Traces of this ancient
mode of salutation are also retained by
every civilized nation on earth to-day. \ i j
It is proper to remar^ that the language of
the Scripture is restricted. vThe ch^rcfies at
Rome, Corinth, Thessalonica and t&e strangers
scatter^ throughout,: Pontius, Galatia,
Cappadocia, Asia and Bethany, are not enjoined
to salute every one they meet wito a
holykifls. On.the contrary, they are Jto sa'lute
in this way only, "one another.^ In this
lies the force of the Apostle's injunction. No
doubt there were in use, at that time, certain
ceremonies which were performed by strangers,
or by persons only Rightly acquainted,
when they casually met. When strangers of 1
the present day meet, they are accustomed to i
use some ceremony, as a nod p^.,tbe^head ; or 1
by addressitig to each other, some such expression
as "good morning," "good afternoon," ^
or "good night." These ceremonies are cour- c
teous in their nature, and simply indicate a '
recognition of th? *fact" thrt human beings t
have come in peaceable contact We do not {
shake hands with every person we meet This
ceremony is gone through only when friends i
or relations meet.' In the same way, Pau^apd ,
Peter exhort the Christians to embrace ptch t
other with a holy kiss. i
The kiss, of ftldr-waTa^mode of salutation, i
and was common only when friends or rela- ;
tives met As a mode of salutation it indi- i
cates the same thing, that shaking hands does \
among civilized people of the present day. 1
Formerly, to kiss indicated that those who j
had once been enemies, were now friends. 1
This was the case with Jacob and Esau, in ]
the passage already referred to. Esau had, ?
years before, purposed in his heart to kill Jacob,
because Jacob had cheated him out of j
his birthright and blessing. In answer to the }
prayer of Jacob, Uod softened the heart or
Esau and gave him a spirit of fraternal affection.
Esau manifested that he bad forgiven
Jacob by embracing him, and falling
upon his neck and kissing bim. So soon as
Esau kissed Jacob, the latter knew that -fiis
brother's resentment was buried. He felt
that he was no longer a foe, but a friend.
Among us, it is customary for those who have
been enemies, on becoming reconciled, to
shake hands. This ceremony indicates to all
who may witness it, that the past is forgotten
and buried, and in future the individuals will
be friends. On the score, of propriety, the
Apostles would not have called a kiss of salutation
holv: but there is no iraDroDrietv in -
4 ' * . ? . m
calling that holy which is a symbol of reconciliation
between those who were formerly en- 1
emies. Christians, in the days of Paul and
Peter, were prone to misunderstand each other, t
Dissensions were common, at that time, among J
the followers of Jesus. The church at Home <
disputed about meats and days. These dis- j
putes were often carried to so great an extent t
as to result in personal enmities. To be ex- ,
horted to salute one another with a holy kiss,
is the same as to be exhorted to cease indul- ]
ging in bitter envying and strife and live in
peace. So, no doubt, those to whom the
words were originally addressed, understood
them.
For another reason, the Apostles Paul and
Peter exhorted Christians of their day, to salute
one another with a holy kiss. In the
early churches, the men occupied one part of
the house and the women the other. In other
words, the male and female worshippers did
not sit together in the public assemblies. On
assembling at the house, or place of public
worship, thoBe professing faith in Jesus Christ ;
kissed each other. This kiss was a symbol of
brotherly love. It was designed to show that
they were followers of the same Lord and J
o?: XT C* .-1
oavjuur. nu mure in vu&cu ui i/iubuciij auw
could be adopted ; hence the kiss which was C
the symbol of brotherly love, was rightly ^
called a holy kiss.
In the early churches, the Lord's Sapper
was dispensed frequently; perhaps every
Sabbath. Before distributing the bread and
wine, the symbols of Christ's body and blood, the
person officiating rose up and saidj "Let f
none bear malice against any ; let no one do
this in hypocrisy." The men then kissed the *
men, and the women kissed the women. \
The ancient Christians called this "the kiss ?
in the Lord." It was a symbol of honesty of 5
purpose and sincerity in action. It emblem- (
ized their union with Chris^and with one another.
It was, in a particular sense, a public
declaration that Jesus Christ is Lord of all, and
all believers in Christ are breth ren. This
kiss in the Lord, or holy kiss, was a symbolizing
of the great Scripture doctrine that there
is but one church; but one Spirit by which ^
all mehbers of that church live; bat one
faith; bat one baptism, and but one heaveh to \
which all true believers are journeying. Ephe- r
sians iv: 4, 5. 1
It may be asked, are we of the present day bound
to observe this ceremony? We an- ,
; swer, not in the letter, but in the spirit We J
| are as much under obligation as were the '*
Christians of old to forgive our enemies and a
make peace with them. We are bound, by 8
the injunction of Paul and Peter, in some way
or other, to symbolize our love for the ,
brethren. We.are still bound, when we cele- J
brate the Lord's Supper, to symbolize (he 8
truth that Jesus Christ is the Saviour of all
who believe in him, and that all believers are '
one in Christ. We may adopt our own mode J
:
of signifying these things, provided we adopt
ho mode* that will be inconsistent With decency
and order. We may follow the Scriptures
literally; or we may give our brethren the
right hand of fellowship, or we may choose
some other mode that will harmonize with the
teachings of the Scriptures.
1870.?VOLUME IX.
Established April 2? 1868.
THE CHEISTIMNEIGHBOR
18 published every Thursday, in Columbia, 8.
C., by SIDI H. BROWNE, Editor and Proprietor.
The Neighbor, now?1876?in its ninth year,
jontinues an advocate of Christianity?in opposition
to carnal war and aught else that is inconsistent
with the Christian religion.
The number of the present generation, who believe
with the early Disciplesof Christ, thatChris
cianitv and war are oontrary, each to the other, la"
hopefully on the increase. In aid of the farther
re-establishment of this faith and practice of the
Primitive Christians, the Neighbor continues an
unswerving advocate.
Though no Methodist "official organ" has been
published in South Carolina since 1865, the Neighbor
has aspired to nothing more than an Indepenientserviceto
Christianity and Methodism.seekng
in "the unity of the Spirit" to edify the Household,
the School,, the Church and the States
Terms: Advance; One year, $2.00;six months,
|1.00. Va new subscriber so requests, an indigence
of eighty-four days will be given.
A subscriber who wisnes to renew, but cannot
ray strictly in advance, will be indulged eightyour
days, if he give timely notioe of such wish,
ind of his purpose so to pay.
To an Agent who has paid $2.00 for his own pa3er.
a commission of tea per cent, will be paid on
imounts received from him for subscriptions, old
>r new. /
The Neighbor, circulating at present in thirty>ne
States of the Union, has been found an advantageous
medium for advertisers; yet only one
rage can be appropriated for that purpose. Advertisements
must be select.
Address: CHRISTIAN NEIGHBOR,
Columbia, 8. 0.
i&h The proprietor pays, at his own cost| nil
>ostage on the Neighbor. For $2.00 any person
n the United States will receive the paper one
rear, frCe of postage.
p9- Specimen copies sent free.
November 9 45 tf
COTTON GINS AND PRESSES.
[AM prepared to furnish,, at short notice, the
following reliable machinery:
TOU WTNSHTP SAW GIN.
Vfannfactured at Atlanta, Georgia, at $3.50 per saw,
ielivered at any point desired, without charge for
'reight.' These Gfths never break the roll, operate
levy rapidly, and cleans the seed perfectly. I re
er to the following parties, now using them, with
mtire satisfaction: F. H. Brown, J7 B. Whitelides,
T. W. Clawson, John O. Crawford, J. Willon
Marshall, J. CL Kirkpatrick and J. Ran Walaoe...
r ,
THE HALL SELF-FEEDING GIN, /
laving a self-feeding attachment, by which the
3in can bo operated with one hana in the Gin
Souse. It also protects the Saws from damage by
-ooks and other substances, that are often carried
nto the Gin by band-feeding, and often cansfng
he destruction of the Gin House by fire.
I also sell
THE AMERICAN NEEDLE GIN,
10 well known and so successfully operated.
All of the above Gins can be furnished with or
without Condensers. The feeding apparatus can
je attached to any of the aboye Gins.
I also Manufacture the
SHEERER RAILROAD COTTON PRESS,
which surpassess any other Press now in uro. It
?n be operated with steam, water, horse or
land power. I will famish the Presses complete.
>r sell the right to manufacture, furnishing all
he Irons. All of these Gins and Presses in operation
in this section are giving entire satisfaction.
Jail and get Circulars.
T. S. JEFFERYS, Agent.
WOOD'S HAIR RESTORATIVE.
[t has stood the Restores the hair
ffisy???b"? improved zftZir'7
[t is now greatly Removes Danraproved
from IMPROVED drutf, Humors,
he original. Scalp Eruptions,
rhe improved Removes Irritaias
no injurious IMPROVED tion, Itching and
lualities. Scaly Dryness.
ties tores Grey inrppAvpn no article. proMr
to a glossy, duces anch wonlatural
color. derfhl effect.
tores Faded. IMPROVED Try it, try it?call
Dry, Harsh and for the Improv?alling
Hair. 0d.
Etestores, Dress- IMPROVED Sold by all Drugis
and gives vig- * gists and Dealers
>r to the Hair. everywhere.
Trade supplied at Manufacturers' prices by C.
A.. COOK A CO., CHICAGO, 8ole Agents for the
Jnited States and Canadas, and by all Wholesale
Druggists... .
October 26 43 8w
YORK MARBLE YARD.
rHE undersigned respectfully announces that
he is still conducting the above business in
forkville. and is prepared to furniah anything
n the MARBLE LINE from a plain slab to a
iostly monument, executed in the best style of
he art, with the very best materials, and at as
ow prices as the same class of work can be furlished
anywhere in the United 8tates. Orders
rom a distance promptly filled, and the sameatention
given to work ordered by mail as if die
larties were present in person. From this date
vork will be delivered at any point on the Cheser
and Lenoir Narrow Gauge Railroad, between
Iforkville and Chester, or at any place between
itock Hill and Winhsboro, on the Charlotte, Coumbia
and Augusta Railroad, free of charge for
ransportation. Thankful for the patronage hereofore
bestowed upon my establishment, my deerrnination
is to merit a continuance of the same.
F.. HAPPERFIELD.
" SKY LIGHT,
&.ND NO MORE CLIMBING UP-STAIRS !
LTAKE pleasure to inform all in want of PHOTOGRAPHIC
PICTURES, that I have just
en possession of my NEW GALLERY, built
vith fine sky and side-lights,near my residence?
irst house east of the jail, and only a few hunired
yards from the Court House corner. An
>xperience of 28 years and every convenience for
jusiness, will enable me now to do better work
han ever before. r *
*" 5 A1VM?wti OfnwAAo/v\v\na mn/i
f rames auu ruuiu-aiuumo) uKuwow/jma -Wu
Views always on hand.
I am also prepared to sell you a MASON &
EIAMLIN ORGAN, or an AMERICAN SEWING
MACHINE, for cash or on time.
J. R. SCHORB.
SMITH & WESSON'S
New Model. With Automatic
Central ejector
Fir*, Br Q
For convenience, power and gHl
accuracy, it is unequalled* If your
merchant does not keep them, order di- meaSB
rect from the Agency, 70 Chambers St
New York, M. W. B obi neon, Gen 1 Agent
October 5 '40 3m
ETTENGER & EDMOND.
RICHMOND) VA,
b/f ANUFACTURERSof Portable and StationTJ.
ary Engines, Boilers of all kinds,
CIRCULAR SAW MILLS,
Jrlat Mills, Mill Gearing, Shafting, Pulleys, <ftc.,
American Turbine
W A-'X'Jii JX. W iiJCjiiiJUCT,
and Cameron's Special Steam Pump.
Send, for Catalogue.
WM. ETTENGER. H. P. EDMOND.
November 2 44 ly
$250 REWARD.
rHE National Board of Fire Underwriters hereby
offers a reward of TWO HUNDRED AND
"TFTY DOLLARS, for the detection, conviction
,nd punishment of the party or parties, charged
vith the crime of Arson, In firing the premises
ituate near Yorkville, S. C., being the DWELLNG
OF J. T. LOWRY, on April 22d, 1876.
laid reward will bepaid only on due proof being
urnished the Executive Committee of the oon'iction
and actual punishment of SAid criminals.
By order of Executive Committee.
GEO. T. HOPE, Chairman.
New York, May 8, 1870. 20 tf
AMES F. HABT. G. W. 8. HABT.
HART & HART,
a.TTORNTlY8 AT ZjAW,
TOBEYILLE, S. C.,
JXTILL practice in the State and United States
Tf Courts. Special attention given to Accountntrs
and causes In the Probate Courts. Will nn
lertake for collections and legal bnsiness in all
tarts of the United States, throngh reliable busitess
agencies.
January 1 1 ly
NOTICE.
r RESPECTFULLY inform the pnblio that I
|_ ana. prepared to sharpen, razors, scissors, shears
ma Other fine-edged instruments. Trices?for
toning and sharpening razors, 25 cents, and for
harpenlng scissors or shears, 10 cents each, and
atisnation guaranteed or no charge.'
TOM BALLARD, Barber*
NOTICE.?GUANO.
PERSONS owing me for Gnano will pieaae call
and settle at once. The first of November is
it hand, and I have to pay.
W. H. MoCORKLE.
November 2 ' 44 tf ?
hi O a day at home. Agenta wanted. Outfit and term* free,
hiz TRUE a CO., Auguata, Maine. 19 ly 1
THE COOKING STOVES manufactured atoar
works in Greensboro, N. 0., give universal
satisfaction wherever introduced. They are made
of the BEST SCOTCH PIG METAL, withheavier
and thicker plate than any other Stove in the
market, and consequently will the longer withstand
heat and hard usage. They are of band
some patterngndnegt finish, and wan^m ted equal
in every other respect to any CdoEing Stove sold
in the United States, while it is confidently claimed
that they are the CHEAPEST, All the usual
pieces or ware and cooking utensils are Airnished
with each Stove. An important consideration
with purchasers is the fact that our patterns and
sizes are never changed. Should a piece get accidentally
broken at any time, we can replace ft at
the mere cost of casting. Not simply because it
is a home production, buton aocoontof its intrinsic
merits as an article of household economy; do
we ask the patronage of home purchasers. More
than ONE THOUSAND of these Stoves are now
in use, and among many others having them we
respectfully refer to the folio* ing: R. E. Guthrie,
D. M. Campbell, M. H. Currence, York county;
Mrs. Elizabeth J. Wylie, Chester; D. A. Gordon,
Guthrieeville; John A. Brown,Reck Hill; B. P.
Boyd, Joseph Herndon, L. M. Grist, Yorkvllle.
Yon can save the freight from the northern cities
and the dealer's profit, which is no small item,
by baying of us, and at the same time get a
STOVE THAT IS MORE DURABLE than those
?f northern make. The following arc onr nricea
delivered at depot in Greensboro^ '
No. 8, with 10 pieces ware and 8 feet pipe. #8ft 00
<? J u <? <i << ii ii A. ' 26 00
Address, SERGEANT <fc McCAULEY,
Greensboro, N. C.
T. M. DOBSON A CO., Agents, Yprkville, a C.
JOHN R. LONDON, Agent, Rock Hill, 8. O.
A. P. LINDSAY, Agent, Lowrysville, Chester
county, 8. C. - ,t . ;
J. L. CARROLL, Agent at Chester, 8. O.
A. WILJLIFORD,
itdcg HUT,, g. c.
HORSES AND MXJLESF
. - ' V.'il ' Iif ' >
I WOULD respectfully inform the publlo that
my
LITER! STABLES AT ROCK HILL
are still in fall blast, and that .with a full and complete
stock of HORSES AND MULES of all
grades, I can suit any class of purchaser, either as
to quality of animal or price. Call and examine
my stocky and ascertain . , . ( ,
THE LOW PRICES
at which I am enabled to sell since the election of
Hampton.
BOARDING STOCK.
Being amply prepared with commodious and
secure Stables and plenty of provander, I, can
board horses Dy the single meai,aay, wees or
month, at the lowest cash prices.
HORSES FOR HIRE.
I also keep Horses and Vehicles FOR HIRE,
and can send travelers to any point desired, with
fleet horses, easy carriages ana careful drivers.
A. WILLIFORD.
PAY UP, ,
ALL persons indebted to me for stock, and
whose Notes are due, will do well to pay them
I up at once aufl save cost, as I shall be'compelled
to sue all who fail to make payment.
A. WILLIFORD. *
G. H. O'LEARY.
THE undersigned would respectfully remind
the public that be is still engaged iu the msmufacture
of Saddles, Harness, Bridles, Ac., and
will also do all kinds of repairing at low prices \
for cash.
SADDLES. y
A full supply of ladies' and gentlemen's Saddles,
of all toe different styles and qualities, constantly
on hand andsold at the lowest cash prices.
HARNESS.
I keep on hand a complete stock of Harness, 01
i ?11 -Ua? V\n?ofT an/9 oo^arro ma si a
till RlJflOi)?lur nagun, uu^gj buu ub4?u.
of superior stock, in the most workmanlike manner,
to which I invite the; Inspection of the public.
I
SUNDRIES. 1}
Collars, Whips, Martingales, Bridles, Halters,
Circingles, Hames, Hamestrings. Saddle Blankets,
Ac., Ac., in ftill supply, and at the lowest prices.
FURNITURE.
In connection with my Saddlery establishment
I shall also conduct the FURNITURE BUSINESS,
and keep on hnnd a full stock of articles
in that line, consisting of Bureaux, Bedsteads,
Tables, Chairs, Lounges, Cottage and Chamber
Suites, Ac., of different styles and qualities, and
In the various kinds of wood.
, ; .1 . .ft* a.,o'LBARyf"
SPRING BEDS.
THE SuspensioaSprink Bed,decidedly the best
spring Ded in use. Call and see it For sale
by G. H. O'LEARY.
PICTURE FRAMES.
r*7ALNUT Moulding with gilt lining; also
WW run. Mnnldincr nf different widths, for'Die
ture frames, forsaie'by G. H. O'LI&AR?.
COTTAGE BEDSTEADS, &C.
BEDSTEADS from $8 to $7. Wardrobes and
Safes cheap for cash, at
G. H. O'LEARY
theIchester furniture store.
THE readers of the "Yorkville Enquirer" and
the public generally, are invited to inspect
my large and elegant
STOCK OP FURNITURE.,
S * '
'? ?
In consequence of my buying directly from the
Manufacturers, l am safe in saying that I can sell
Furniture
AS CHEAP AS ANY ESTABLISHMENT
f
South of Baltimore. My stock of Furniture is of
such a character as will please all classes aod individuals.
It is Both
PLAIN AND ELEGANT.
; " tj.
to suit the wishes and wants of the buyer. It is
oomplete. Whatever is wanted ~ IN
THE FURNITURE LINE
I am confident of my ability to supply. Furniture
is delivered at different points, along Cie railroad,
tfyjiTr,
FREE FROM FREIGHT CHARGES.
?% - ' /
R. BRANDT, Chester, S. C.June
29 5 ly
THE CHESTER ?.
JEWJiLKX STUJtCHi.
THE Store of the undersigned Is supplied with
a large and elegant assortment of
WATCHES* CLOCKS.
JEWELRY, SILVER AND PLATED-WARE,
and all articles usually found in a Jewelry establishment.
Moreover, I keep en hand
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS,
among which is the celebrated ORGAN, made by
George Woods A Co., Cambridge,: Mass,
R. BRANDT, Proprietor*
waiui a w ^
TH5 FHjCENIX,
Published in Columbia, is ? .
THE CHEAPEST DAILY PAPER
In South Carolina. : i
POLITICS DEMOCRATIC j
All the news of tbeday condensed. c'M- j
SUBSCRIPTION $2.50 FOR SIX MONTHS.
*8- Pronounced the best Democratic Dally at :
the Capital. Address,
JULIAN A. SKLBY, Maoafer.
September 14 87 tf
$5 ? ? $20 &? r
W.H.M'CORKM!,
GENERAL BUSINESS AGENT
AND
AXJ CTIOPTOSEEfc,
Y0BX7ILLE. 8. C.,
1*7ILL attend to the baying and selling of
YT lands and other real estate, on oommisnou.
Agent for tbe sale of Robeon's FERTILIZERS
and Robson's COMPOUND ACID PHOSPHATE
and ETIWAN GUANO and PHOSPHATE,
whioh will be delivered in quantities fexfoit.
Life and Fire Insurance Agent, representing
the Peun Mutual Life Insurance CompaljyAnd
tbe London,: Liverpool and Globe, ana the-Atlantic
and the Niagara Fire Insurance Companies,
in which policies will be issued on the most favorable
rates givon by any reliable company.
jsar* Office in the "Bratton Build lug,''opposite
the Court House.
HOUSE AND LOT FOR^AliB.
mHE HOUSE AND LOT IN YORKFILLE,
JL formerly the property of tbelate Georaa W.
Williams, and situated on Main Street; Is offered
for sale. The lot contains one acre and threequarters.
The Dwelling House oontainseight f
rooms,'and has recently been repaired. On the
premises are necessary outbuildings, goodgarden
and orchard. f
Terms? Easy. Possession givep on the 1st day |
of next January. W. !
FARMING LAND FOR SALE, \
mP? undersigned offers at private sale, a tract \
1 of fine FARMING LAND, situated near
Brattonsville, in Betheede township, and about
two miles from McConnellsville Station, on the
Chester and Lenoir Railroad. The tract contains
283 seres, one-third of which is original forest,
and the balance In a suitable condition for cnltiration.
For further particular*,- apply tb - ^ v
W. H. McCOftKLE, Real Estate Agent
LAND FOR SALS*
T OFFER at private sale, * traot of land.oon1
talning about FORTY ACRES, known as the
'XJraveo&nd,'.'lying in the vicinity of Yprkvijle,
on the Chbster and Lenoir Railroad, adjoining the
lands ofJ. J. Evans, B. P. Boyd ana oOMtLon
the Lfnootnton road. The above lands witt. be
sold cheap. W. H. McCORKLE. v
Real Estate Agent. JT
THE ELLIOTT COTTOK CIS/
ft AN be had at low prices, by calling on the jn
CHE8TEEA5DLEHblE^RAXtll0^, ^
nAILV PJ86ENOER TlUfl. 1
Yobkvillb, S. C., November^^8:
after this date: nomh. *5
Leave Chester at.... X8.00 p. na.
Leave Lowrysville ..J..2.40 p. m. ^
Leave McConnellsville... 10 p. m. "
Leave Gathrlesville *...4.2? p. m. 5
Arrive^at Yorkville... .
Leave Glenn's Store ....J? -A36p< m. 1
Leave Falls' Sfcor6...MM '
Leave Air-Line Junction .Jr... 7.80 p. ,m. ;
Arrive at Dallas.....................X...?......,a00 pi Jn. ;
Leave Dallas at.....................ft"".........^.30 'p/ Di. ^
Leave Air-Line Jtmction....:J|
Leave Palls' Store
Leave Glenn's Store lacu^
Leave Oloier.r.... ...... \
Arrive at Yorkville a m. )
Leave Yorkville ....A...... ?.7.;
Leave Gutbriesvillo a. 01.
Leave McConnellsville It..; -8.00 a. m.
Leave Lowrysville ...JL............8.S0 a. m.
Arrive at Chester ..................?L......?...?..0d)0 a* m.
Connections are made with fee mail farktoa on
the Richmond and Atlanta sir-Line Railroad,
and with the A<^mmodatidnJwins rtfi tHb Charlotte,
Columbia and Angusta %lroad, ., . <
Between Chester and Yorkvifc. the tramcwJIl
stop for passengers only at theBbllowioir pHUte* :
Poor House, Smith'a, ^wryB^^.^rm^Rivor
villeand Philadelphia |
EDWARD THOMAS, SuSprintendeni
November 24 84 \ -It
GEOEGE WOODS & COfl ::
"* E ^30 - ife - *~
C|-c c'^M j. ||
1-jp | ^HBHB j^?1pr*j
f" n 'J?
s>~g^HMrasHKHH3S^re>.2,S.\
These remarkable Instruments paBm^mmm
ties for musical effecU and expression never before
attained. Adapted for Amateurand Professional,
and an ornament in any parlor. /BT* Beanrafrl hk?
New Styles now ready. / ^
GEO. WOODS & CO., Cambridgeport, Matsd'''jfcj
WAREROOMS: 608 Washington St., Boston ; I
170 State St, Chicago ; 28 Lndgate Hill, London. < fr
THE VOX HUMANA.;'
A leading Musical Journal of selected mnsic f1
and valuable reading matter. By mail for f 1 ped*
year, or ten cents a number. Each number con-T
tains from $2 to $3 worth of the finest selected
music. GEO. WOODS A CO., Publisher*,
:J. Cambridgeport, Mass.
January 20 8 tf
; : ... ' *5
STATE OP SOUTH CAROLINA
YORK COUNTY- V
To James Hart, John Hart, the heirs of Jamee\
Beeves, deceased, (names unknown); heirs 1 : ?
UI nirttut llWTMj UOVMHW , uww - -irimnn m -wReeves,
deceased ; heirs of Thorns* Beevee, /
deceased; and heirs of Elizabeth Smith, de-/
ceased; all unknown and residing beyond the/
limits of this State, legal heirs mnd repref
sentatives of Wylie Reeves, late nf. York
county, deceased, who died intestate:?Gree#
ing.?Cbpy Writ in Summons.
T70U are hereby required to appear at the City
I ofProlr to beholden at York Ctouit JZoaf<?,
for York oounty, on the seventh day of Deoattty'
Anno Domini, 1876, to shew cause, if any j
can, why the real estate of Wylie Reeves, din
ed, situate in said county, bounded by lands
John Sturgis, A. E. Hutchison, Rqv>Jk CLBnf
Dr. E. T. Avery, and Harvey H. Hart, andebnti
ing one hundred and sixty-two acres, should!
be divided or sold to make partition thet
among the beirs-at-law of the sald Wylie Beet
deceased, aooording to their, respective latere v;
in accordance with the petition of Harvey J0LB
and Mary Ann Cabiness, this day filed in my
Ace.
Given nnder my Hand and Seal, ibis*, 24th
[i* s.] October," 1876. " ... . ( ^
J. A. McLEAN, Jndgeof Probe*
October 26 -Sf
BLANK BOOK MAM'FACTO, "
STATIONBEY, ABB f
BOOK BIND^BV^
mrr A WUTMn thA nnhlln tnm A
1 age, i now invite attention to my comply *
stock of
STAPLE AHD FAJfCY STATIONEEP'.
consisting, la part, of Flat Papers, Midinm,T
Ho Poet, Demy, Letter and Note. Blank Bex*
of every variety; Envelopes, Slates, Ink, 4
Fancy Stationery, Gold Pens and Pencils, F
Knives, Writing Desks, Ac. Also, ;
BOOK BINDING DONE,
in all its various branches. Sheet Music, Pef
Icais, Law Books, Ac., bound inany styled*
Old Books rebound and repaired.
P&HTED BILL AIDLETTEE HEADS A SpEOI/ ** *
^Orders promptly attended^to^at^lowest ^
JAMES A. GLENtf, D^D?
SURGEON AND MECHANIC^ateN! J
Yo?k ?Tuty, StbC.,Ptobihich aft
my professional services .
3flnk^iKn?? Qfl * jj ?
Tw^L* 'vj*/"^>>j?i' V/'1''7''. !^B^^ff?liBBfaE- " -^H
^ d06 ^OITm. *??** * . trtkv1*
Omo dopjT} iiy m6nthi.
Ongeopy, thyp^ ^ i v> r>