Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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LEWli^;t^^r' __ Sin ^nkpiiicnit yamUn Hftopaptr; for % |romoftm af % political, Social, Igricaltura! antt Caaratrcial interests of % Sralfi- _ ^ VOL. 15. YORKVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1869. , . ^ 50. ; i1 ii i I i ?-- ; , 1 ' ' j ' ??????? - I i 1 i_.1 ? folitifal. PRESIDENT'S mS To the Senate and House of Representatives: In coming before you for the first time a Chief Magistrate of this great nation, it is vrit gratitude to the Giver of all good for the man benefits we enjoy. We are blessed with peac at home, without entangling alliances abroad t forebode trouble. With a territory unsurnaj sed in fertility, an area equal to an abunaau support of five hundred millions of peoph abounding in every'variety of useful mineral in quantity sufficient to supply the world fo generations; exuberant crops, variety of cli mate adapted to the production of every sp< cies of the earth's riches, and suited to the hat its* tastes and requirements of every livin; thine?a population of forty millions of fre people speaking one language; facilities fo every mortal to acqnire education; institution closing to none the avenues to fame, or an; l\1 Ann in m ^ tiMA A/\*rnf * uicaetug vi ivri?uxic tiiat maj w tuv cucu, ncc dom of pulpit, press and school; a revenu flowing into the national Treasury beyond th requirements of Government. Happily, hai mony is being rapidly restored within our ow: borders. Manufactures hitherto unknown ii our country are springing up in all sections producing a degree of national independenc unequaled by any other power. Those bles sings, and countless others, are entrusted t your care and mine, for safe keeping for th brief period of our tenure of office. In short time we must, each of us, return to tlx ranks of. the people who have conferred ou honors, and account to them for our steward ship. I earnestly desire that neither you no I may be condemned by a free, enlightenei constituency, nor by our own consciences. THE LATE WAR. Emerging from a rebellion of gigantic mag nitude, aided as it was by the sympathies an< assistance of nations with which we are a peace, eleven States of the Union? were, fou years ago, left without legal State Govern meats. A national debt h ad been contracted American commerce was almost driven fror the seas; the industry of one half of th oouatry had been taken from the control o the capitalists, and placed where all laJbo rightfully belongs, in the keeping of the la borer. The work of restoring the State Gov ernments loyal to the Union, of protecting am fostering free labor, providing means for pay inor tVip lntpmif. nn thp mihlir? HeKf lioa ed ample attention from Congress, althoug] your efforts have not met with success in al particulars that might have been desired, ye on the whole they have been more successfu than could have "been reasonably anticipated GEORGIA. Seven of the States which passed the Ordi nance of Secession, have been fully restore* to their plaees in the Union. The eighth Georgia, held an election, atwhich she ral ified her Constitution, Republican in form elected a Governor, members of Congress, i State Legislature, and other officers required The Governor was installed and the Legisla ture met and performed all acts then re quired of them bythe Reconstruction Act of Congress. Subsequently, however, in vio lation of the Constitution which they ha* just ratified, as since decided by the Suprern Court of the State, they unseated the colore* members of the Legislature, and admitted t< seats some members who are disqualified b' the third clause of the Fourteenth Amend ment, an article which they themselves ha* contributed to ratify. Under these circum stances, I would submit to you whether i would not be wise, without delay, to enact i law authorizing the Governor of Georgia t convene the members originally elected to th Legislature, requiring each to take the oatJ prescribed bv the Reconstruction Acts, an* none to be admitted who are ineligible unde the third clause of the Fourteenth Amend ment. THE FBEEDMRN, under the protection which they have received are making rapid progress in learning, and n* complaints are heard of lack of industry 01 their part where they receive fair remunera tion for their labor. PUBLIC DEBT. The means provided for paying the interes on the public debt, with all other expenses o the Government, are more than ample.. Th loss of commerce is the only result of the lat rebellion which has not received sufficient al tention from you. To this subject I call you earnest attention. I will not now sugges plans by which this object may be effected but will, if necessary, make it the subject of: special message during the session of (Jongresi VIRGINIA, TEXAS AND MISSISSIPPI. At the March term, Congress, by joint res olution, authorized the Executive to orde elections in the States of Virginia, Mississip ? pi and Texas, and to submit to them Constitu tions which each had previously framed, an< to submi: these Constitutions either eutir or in separate parts, to be voted upon, at th discretion of the Executive. Under this ai thority elections were called. In Virginia th election took place on the Gth of July. Th Governor and Lieutenant-Governor elect hav been installed. The Legislature met and di all required by the resolution and by all th Reconstruction Acts of Congress, and abstaii ed from all doubtful authority. I recommen that her Senators and Representatives b promptly admitted to their seats, and that th State he fully restored to its place in the fan ily of States. Elections were called in Mississippi and Tea as, to commence on the 30th of Novembei two days in Mississippi, four days rn Texa The elections have taken place, but the resuJ is not known. It is hoped that the Acts c the Legislatures of these States, when the meet, will be such as to receive your appnm and thus close the work of Reconstruction. THE CURRENCY. I Among the evils growing out of the rebe lion, and not yet referred to, is that of an ii redeemable currency. It is an evil which hope will receive your earnest attention. 1 is a duty, and one of the highest duties of th Government, to secure to its citizens a mediur of exchange of fixed, unvarying value. Th: implies a return to a specie basis, and n substitute for it can be devised. It should b comineuced now and reached at the earlie: practicable moment consistent with a fair r< gard to the interests of the debtor class. In mediate resumption, if practicable, would nc be desirable. It would compel the debtor claj to pay beyond their contracts, premium o gold at the date of their purchase, aud woul bring bankruptcy and ruin to thousand Fluctuations, however, in the paper value, < the measure of all value of .gold, is detrimei tal to the interests of trade. It makes tl: man of business an involuntary gambler; f( in all sales, where future payments are to 1 made, both parties speculate as to what will! the value of the currency to be paid and r ceived. I earnestly recommend to you, the] such legislation as will insure a gradual retur to specie payments, and put an immediai 9top to fluctuations in the vajue of currency, j The methods to secure tho former of these re- ? i suits are as numerous as speculations on po- c litical economy. e To secure the latter, I see but one way, and c that is to authorize tEe Treasury to redeem its f own paper ata fixed price whenever presented, and to withhold from circulation all currency * so redeemed until sold again for gold. The I h vast resources of the nation, both developed r Y and undeveloped, 'ought to make our credit t e the best on earth. With a less burden of tax- 1 0 ation than the citizen has endured for six 1 J* years past, the entire public debt could be ( paid in ten years. But it is not desirable that t the people should be taxed to pay it in that { 3 time. Year by year the ability to pay in- i ;r creases in rapid ratio ; but the burden of in- 1 l" terest ought to be reduced as rapidly as. can 1 be without a violation of contracts. The pub- i h lie debt is represented in great part by bond, i S having from five to twenty, ana from ten to s e forty years to run, bearing interest at the rate c r of bix and five per cent respectively. It is 8 optional with the Government _to pay these s 7 bonds at any period after the expiration of s the least time mentioued upon their face. The t e time has already expired when a great part ? e may De laicen up, ana is rapiaiy approacmug ^ "" when all may be. It is believed that all which a Q are now due may be replaced by bonds bear- g n ing a rate of interest not exceeding four-and- e !> a-half per cent., and as rapidly as the remain- C e der become due, that they msy be replaced 1 ?- in the same way. To accomplish this it may J 0 be necessary to authorize interest to be paid i: e at either of the three or four money centres in v a Europe, or by any Assistant Treasurer of the * e United States, at.the option of the holder of t r die bond. I suggest this subject for the eon- ? I- sideration of Congress, and also, simultane- j1 r ously with this, the propriety of redeeming u ^ our currency, as before suggested, at its market value at the time the Taw goes into effect, li increasing the rate at which currency will be s [- bought and sold from day to day or week to r 1 week, at the same rate of interest as the Gov- c t ernment pays upon its bonds. t * REDUCTION OF TAXATION. ' ? The subject of the tariff, and internal taxar 1 > tion will necessarily receive your attention. ? Q The revenues of the country are greater e than the requirements, and may, with safety, 'f be reduced; but as the funding of the debt in r r a 4 or 4 i per cent, loan would reduce the an- I - nual current expenses largely, thus after fund- t ing justifying a greater reduction of taxation 8 1 thau would be now expedient, I suggest a post- t ponement of this question until the next meet- 8 - ing of Congress. It may be advisable to ? h modify taxation and the tariff in instances 1 where unjust or burdensome discriminations 1 t are made by the present laws, but a general re- o 1 vision of laws regulating this subject I recom- 1; I- mend a postponement for the present I also t suggest a renewal of taxation on incomes, but t - at a reduced rate, say 3 per cent., and this tax * 1 to expire in three years. With the funding <3 u! of the national debt, as here suppested. I feel > safe in saying that the taxes anf revenue from t imports may be reduced from sixty to eighty a a millions per annum at once, and may be still c L further reduced from year to year as the re- & * sources of the country are developed. I > FHCANCE8. S s Tlie report of the Secretary of the Treasury h - shows the receipts of the Government for the C i fiscal year, ending 30th June, to be $370,943,- ii e 737; expenditures, including interest, bounties, i &c., to l)e $321,490,597. The estimates for e ^ the ensuing year are more favorable to the 1 f Government and will, no doubt, show a much a - larger decrease of the public debt. The re- \ 1 ceipts in the Treasury beyond the expenditures 1 - have exceeded the amount necessary to place u t to the credit of a sinking fund, as provided a by law. To lock up the surply&in the Treas- s 0 ury and withhold it from circulation would t e lead to such a contraction of currency as to c ti cripple trade and seriously affect the prosperity g 1 of the country. Under these circumstances i r the Secretary of tW^lfreasury and myself a heartily concurred propriety oftising t all the surplus currency in the Treasi^^jl the purchase of Government bonds, tftw * I, ducing the interest bearing indebtednesfr4lfej*ej < ? country and of submitting to Congress the quesn't i tion of the disposition to be made of the bonds v - so purchased. The bonds now held by the r Treasury amount to seventy-five millions, including those belonging to the sinking fund, u t I recommend that the whole be placed to the i f credit of the sinking fund. 1 e Your attention is respectfully invited to the r e recommendation of the Secretary of the Treas > ury for the creation of the ofiice of Commit,- a r sioner of Customs Revenue, for the increase t & of the salary of certain classes of officials, 1 L and the substitution of an increased National r a Bank circulation to replace outstanding three 1 ? per cent, certificate*, and most especially to g his recommendation for the repeal of laws al- i I- lowing a share of fines, penalties and forfeit- ? r ures, etc., to officers of Government or to in- q >- formers. The offioe of Commissioner of In- s i- terual Revenue is one of the moat arduous and i 3 responsible under the Government It falls c e little short of a Cabinet position in its ira- v e portance and responsibilities, and I would ask r i- for it, therefore, such legislation as, in your s e judgment, will place the office on a footing of i e dignity commeasurate with its importance, c e and witlv a character and qualification of the I d class of men required to fill it properly. 1 e THE CUBAN QUESTION. " i As the United States is the freest of all na- rJ d tions, so too, its peoples ympathize with all peo- c e pie struggling for liberty and self-government, a e Rut while so sympathizing, it is due to our J t- honor that we should abstain from enforcing s our views upon unwilling nations, and from r taking an interested part without invitation in t r, quarrels between different nations, or between e s. governments and their subjects. Our course i It should always be in conformity with strict t >f justice and law, international and local. Such f y has been the policy of the Administration in c il dealing with this question. For more than a 1 year, a valuable province of Spain and a near j. neighbor of ours, in whom all our people can- n 1- not but feel a deep interest, has been struggling u r- for independence and freedom. The people c I and Government of the United States enter- 1 [t taiu the same warm feelings and sympathies i e for the people of Cuba in their pending strug- 1 n gle, that they manifested throughout the pre- ( is vious struggles between Spain and her former ? o colonies in behalf of the latter, but the contest \ ?e has at no time assumed conditions which 1 >t amountlto war in the sense of international law, ( ?- or whic 1 would show the existence of a de facto i- political organization of insurgents sufficient r >t to justify a recognition of belligerency. The i ?s principle is maintained, however, that this na- i n tion is its own judge when to accord the rights t d of belligerency either to a people struggling to 1 s. free themselves from a Government they be- 1 )f lieve to be oppressive, or to independent na- 1 l- tions at war with each other. The United i le States have no disposition to interfere with the J )r existing relations of Spain to her colonial pos>e session on this continent. They believe that t >e in due time Spain and other European powers e- will find their interest in terminating those re- I ti, lations and establishing their preseut de- l n pendencies as independaut powers. These i te dependencies are no longer regarded as sub- i ect to transfer from one European power U mother. When the present relation of th< colonies ceases they are to become independ ;nt powers exercising the right of choice anc >f self-control in the determination of theii uture condition and relations with other pow srs. The United States, in order to put a stop tc >loodshed in Cuba, and in the interest of th< leighboring people, proposed their good office o bring the existing contest to a termination [he offer not being accepted by Spain on th< >asis which we believed could be received bj }uba, was withdrawn. It is to be hoped thai he good offices of the United States may yei jrove advantageous for the settlement of thii mhappy strife. Meanwhile, a number of il egal expeditions against Cuba have beer jroken up. It has been the endeavor of tin Administration to execute the neutrality laws 10 matter how unpleasant the task was made o by the suffering we have endured from lacl if like good faith towards us by other nations On the 26th of March last the United State* chooner Lizzie Maior was arrested on the higl eas by a Spanish frigate, and two passengers aken and carried prisoners to Cuba. Re iresentations of these facts were made to tin Spanish Government as soon as official inform ktion reached Washington. The two passen ;ers were set at liberty, and the Spanish Gov rnment assured the United States that the Captain of the frigate in making the capture Lad acted without law, that he had been re >rimanded, and that the Spanish authorities n Cuba would not sanction any act thatcculd riolate the rights or treat with disrespect the overeignty of this nation. The question ol he seizure of the brig Mary Lowell, at Baha q&, by the Spanish authorities, is now the subset of correspondence between this Government, Spain and Greet Britain. The Captain-General of Cuba, about May ast, issued a proclamation authorizing tin earch of vessels on the high seas. Immediately emonstrance was made against this, whereup m the Captain-General issued anew proclamaion, limiting the search to vessels of the United Jtates authorissed under the treaty of 1795 [his proclamation, however, was immediately rithdrawn. FOREIGN RELATIONS. ' I have always felt that the most intimate elations should be cultivated between the Jnited States and the independent nations or his Continent It may be well worth conidering whether new treaties between us and hem may not be-profitably entered into, tc ecure more intimate relations, friendly, commercial and otherwise. The Interoceanic Canal to connect the At antic and Pacific Oceans through the Isthmui if Darien, is one in which commerce is great y interested. Instructions hare been giver o the Minister of the United States at Colom >ia to endeavor to obtain authority for a Bur rey to determine the practicability "of the unlertaking. In order to comply with the agreement oi he United States as to a mixed 'commission ,t Lima, lor the adjustment of claims, it be ame necessary to send a Commissioner and Jecretary to Lima. The good offices of the Jnited States to bring about peace between Ipain and the South American Republics laving been accepted by Spain, Peru, and ffiili, a Congress has been invited to be held n Washington during the present winter. A grant has been given to Europeans of an xclusive right of transit over the Territory 01 ftcarugua, to which Costa Rica has given its ssent, which, it Is alleged, conflicts with the rested rights of citizens of the United States ?he Department of State has now this subject aider consideration. The Minister at Peru having made repro entations that there was a state of war bo ween Peru and Spain, and that Spain wai onstructing in and -near New York thirty ;unboats, which might be used by Spain tc elieve the naval force at Cuba to operate gainst Peru, orders were given to prevent heir departure. No farther steps having een taken by the representatives of the Peruvian Government to prevent the departure if these vessels, and I not feeling authorized o detain the property of a nation with which re are at peace, on mere executive order, th oatter was referred to the Courts. The conduct of the war between the allies ,nd the Republic of Paraguay, has made in intercourse with'that eauntryidifficult, and it ias been deemed advisabta-^flewithdraw oui epresentative from tjiere. :do?r' Towards the close of the last administration i Convention was signed at London for the setlement of outstanding claims between Great Britain and the United States, which failed tc eceive the advice and consent of the Senate [he time and circumstances attending the ne;otiation of .that treaty were unfavorable tc ts acceptance by the people of the United States, and its provisions were wholly inade[uate for the settlement of the grave wrongs ustaiued by this Government, injuries resultng to the United States, by reason of the ourse adopted by Great Britain during the var, in increased rates of insurance, in dirnilutiou of exports and imports, and other obtructions to domestic industry and production n its effect upon the foreign commerce of the buntry, in the decrease and transfer to Great Britain of our commercial marine, in the proongation of the war and increased cost, both n treasure and in lives for its suppression fhese could not be adjusted and satisfied ae rdinary commercial claims, which continudly arise between commercial nations, and ret the Convention treated them simply at uch ordinary claims, from which, they differ nore widely in the gravity of their character han in the magnitude of their amount. Great iven as is that difference, not a word was found n the treaty, and not an inference could bt Irawn from it, to remove the sense of the un rieudliness of the course of Great Britain, ic ur struggle for existence, which had so deep y and universally impressed itself upon the >eople of this country. Believing that a Con mention thus misconceived in its scope, and in ideauute in its provisions, would not have pro luced the hearty and cordial settlement oi )ending questions, which alone is consisteui vith the relations which I desire to have firm y established between the United States ant jrreat Britain, I regarded the action of the senate in rejecting the treaty, to have beer visely taken in the interest of peace, and as f lecessary step in the direction of a perfect ant ordial friendship betwetn the two countries A sensitive people, conscious of their power ire more at ease under a great wrong, wholly inatoned, than under the restraint of a settle nent which satisfies neither their ideas of jus ice nor their grave sense of the grievance the^ tave sustained. The rejection of the treat} ,vas followed by a state of publifc feeling 01 jotli sides which I thought not favorable t< m immediate attempt at renewed negotiations [ accordingly So instructed the Minister of thi United States to Great Britain, and founi ;hat mv views in this regard were shared b; Her Majesty's Ministers. I hope that th dme may soon arrive when the two Govern meats can approach the solution of this mo mentous question with an appreciation of wha is due to the rights, dignity and honor of each ) and with a determination not only to remove r i the causes of complaint in the past, but to lay c - the foundation of a broad principle of public 1 law which will prevent future differences and r tend to firm and continued peace and friend- ( - ship. \ This is now the only grave auestion which s > the United States has with any foreign nation. \ i The question of renewing the treaty for a re- r 3 ciprocal trade between the United States and s . the British provinces on this continent has c i been favorably considered. a r THE SLAVE TRADE, V t In conformity with recommendation, Con- e t gress' proposition to abolish mixed courts for o 3 the suppression of the slave trade is under ne- t - gotiation. o l THE FRENCH CABLE, e ; It having come to my knowledge that a cor- t: , porate Company, organized under British laws, C ! proposed to land upon the shores of the Uni- ii : ted States, and to operate there a submarine li . cable, under a concession from the Emperor ii j of the French of an exclusive right for twenty f i years of telegraphic communication between c i the shores of France and the United States. t with the very objectionable feature of subjects I' ; ing all messages conveyed thereby to the scru- n . tiny and control of the French Government, t . I caused the French and British Legations at r Washington to be made acquainted with the 1 ; probable policy of Congress on this subject, as ? ; foreshadowed by a Bill which passed the Seu- o . ate in March last. This drew from the repre- P i sentatives of the Company an agreement to li [ accept as the basis of their operations the pro- ii > visions of the Bill, or such other enactment on v f the subject as might be passed during the ap. proaching session of Congress; also to use their . influence to secure from the French Govern- r ment a modification of their concession toper- s mit the landing of any cable belonging to.any L ' company incorporated by authority ef the r ? United States, or any State of the Union, and o r on their part not to oppose the establishment v . of any such cable. In .consideration of this d . agreement, I directed the withdrawal of all t I opposition on the part of the United States to i . the landing of the cable until the meeting of p - Congress. I regret to say that there has been J no modification made in the company's con- ? cession, nor, so far as I can learn, have they A ? attempted to secure one. This concession ex- f s eludes capital and citizens of the United States s i from competition upon the shores of France, t . I recommend legislation to protect the rights t [ of citizens of the United States, and the sover- o nlontn nf tka notion a rvoinof an/iYi art aoQiimn. t ) oig 11 Vj Ui 11IV Uttb JUIIj UUVll MM ? . tion. I shall also endeavor to secure, by ne- e gotiation, an abandonment of the principle of t monopolies in ocean telegraphic cables. n NATURALIZATION. 1 The unsettled political condition of other li countries, less fortunate than our own, some- C times induces their citizens to come to the ii United States for the sole puimose of becoming naturalized. Having secured this, they return to their native country and reside there. With- t : out disclosing their change of allegiance, they h i accept official positions of trust or honor, which b . can only be held by citizens of their native a [ lands. They journey und$r passports describ- b > ing them as such citizens, and it is only when p i civil discord, after perhaps years of quiet, c 5 threatens their persons or their property, or tl I when their native State drafts tnem into its c I military service, that their change of allegi- h ance is known. They reside permanently d i away from the United States, contribute noth- fi f ing to its revenues, avoid the duties of citizen- v j ship, and only make themselves known by a b > claim of protection. v I have directed the diplomatic and consul- b t ar officers to scrutinize carefully all such claims s of protection. A citizen of the United States, h . whether native or adopted, who discharges his t . duty to his country is entitled to its complete s 3 protection. While I have a voice in the di- & r rection of affairs I shall not consent to imper- e ) il this sacred right by conferring it upon facti- t > tious or fraudulent claimants. a t EMIGRATION. d j Invitations have been extended to the Cab. inets at London, Paris, Florence, Berlin, Bras- tl ; sels, the Hague, Copenhagen and Stockholm, d I to empower their representatives at Washing- li [ ton to simultaneously enter into negotiation r > and to conclude with the United States con- b ventions, identical in form, making uniform tl i regulations as to the construction of vessels to si . be devoted to the use of emigrant passengers, r ; as to the quality and quantity of food, as to U the medical treatment of the sick, and as to I the rules to be observed during the voyage, in t: , order to secure ventilation, to promote health, o . to prevent intrusion, and to protect the fe- o ; males, and providing for the establishment of d i tribunals in the several countries for enfor- o , cing such regulations by summary process. a THE RUSSIAN HEMP TARIFF. P > Your attention is respectfully called to the v 1 law regulating the tariff on Russian hemp, and n . to the question whether to fix the charges on h i Russian hemp higher than they are fixed up- il ou Manilla is not a violation of our treaty s< > with Russia, placing her products upon the v > same footing with those of the most favored C nations. a MANUFACTURES. a , Our manufactures are increasing with won; derful rapidity under the encouragement tl t which they now receive. With the improve- e ment in machinery already effected, and still c i increasing, causing machinery to take the t . place of skilled labor to a large extent, our b i imports of many articles must fall off largely- -t! within a very few years. Fortuuately, too, i; I manufactures are not confined to a few local- ii j ities, as formerly, and it is to be hoped will be- ti come more and more diffused, making the in- t , terest intbem equal in all sections. They give v t employment and support to hundreds of thou- t! I sands of people at norae, and retain with us r s the means wnich otherwise would be shipped n abroad. c i The extension of rail roads in Europe and a - the East is bringing into competition with our a ; agricultural products like products of other a - countries. Self-interest, if not self-preserva- ti - tion, therefore, dictates caution against dis- r turning any industrial interests or tne coun- x f try. ft teaches also the necessity of looking s t to other markets for the sale of our surplus, r - Our neighbors South of us, and China and I 1 Japan should receive our special attention. It j will be the endeavor of the Administration to 1 cultivate such relations with all these nations 1 i as to entitle us to their confidence and make f I it their interest as well as ours to establish d . better commercial relations. f , THE CHINESE TREATIES?COOLIES. a r Through the agency of a more enlightened C - policy than that heretofore pursued towards r - China?largely due to the sagacity and efforts t f of one of our own distinguished citizens?the t f world is about to commence largely increased ( i relations with that populous and hitherto ex- c j elusive nation. As the United States have c i. been the initiators in this new policy, so they v e should be the most earnest in showing their r 1 good faith in making it a success. In this i v connection I advise such legislation as will 1 e forever preclude the enslavement of the Chi- c - nese upon our soil, under the name of Coolies; r h- and also prevent American vessels from en- f t gaging in the transportation of Coolies to any e , countries tolerating the system. Ialsorecom- s aend that the mission to China be raised to me of the first class. DOMESTIC AFFAIBS. On my assuming the responsible duties of Jhief Magistrate of the United States, it was pith the conviction that three things were esential to its Deace, prosperity and fullest derelopment; first among these is a strict in tegity in fulfilling all our obligations; second, to ecure protection to the person and property if the citizen of the United States, in each nd every portion of our common country, pherever he may choose to move without refrence to original nationality, religion, color, r politics, demanding of him only, obedience o the laws, and proper respect for the rights f others; third, union of all the States, with qual rights indestructible by any constituional means. To secure the first of these, Congress has taken two essential steps; first, a declaring by joint resolution, that the pubic debt shall be paid, principal and interest, a coin; and second, by providing the means or paying. Providing the means, however, ould not secure the object desired without a iroper administration of the law, for the colection of revenues and an economical disburseaent of them. To this Bubject the Admiuisration has most earnestly addressed itself with esults, I hope, satisfactory to the country, [here has been no hesitation in changing oficials in order to secure an efficient execution f the laws; sometimes too, where, in a mere, arty view, undesirable political results were ikely to follow; nor any hesitation in sustaining efficient officials against remonstrances, rholly political. TEKURE-OF-OPFICE LAW..-. s It may be well to mention here the embarassment possible to arise horn leaving on the tatute books the so-called Tenure-of-Office Lets, and to earnestly recommend their total epeaL It could not have been the intention i the framers of the Constitution, when proiding that appointments made by the Presilent should receive the oonsent of the Senate, hat the latter should have the power to retain a office persons placed there by federal ap>ointment against the will of the President [he law is inconsistent with a faithful and eficieut administration of the Government Vhat faith can an Executive putin an official breed upon him, and those, too, whom he has uspended for reason ? How will such officials >e likely to serve an administration which hey know does not trust them! For the secnd requisite to our growth and prosperity, ime ana a firm but humane administration of xisting laws, amended from time to time as hey may be inefficient or prove harsh and untecessary, are probably all that are required, [he third cannot be attained by special legisation. but must be regarded as fixed bv the Constitution itself, ana gradually acquiesced n by the force of public opinion. THE INDIANS. From the foundation of the Government to he present, the management of the original ahabitants of this continent, the Indians, has teen a subject of embarrassment and expense nd has been attended with continuous robleries, murders and wars. From my own exlerienee upon the frontiers, and in Indian ountries, I do not hold either legislation or he conduct of the whites who come most in ontact with the Indians, blameless for these ostilities. The past, however, cannot be unione, and the question must be met as we now nd it. I have attempted a new policy toward these wards of the nation, (they cannot ? regarded in any other light than as wards) dth fair results, so far as tried, and which I ope will be attended ultimately with great uccess. The Society of Friends, as is well ;nowa, have succeeded in living in peace with he Indians in the early settlement of Pennylvania, while their neighbors of the other ects in other sections were constantly embroild. They are also known for their opposition o all strife, violence and war, and are generlly noted for their strict integrity ana fair dealings. .. . .. These considerations induced me to give be management of a few Reservation of Inians to them, and to throw the burden of section of agent, upon the Society itself. The esult has proven most satisfactory. It will e found more fblly set forth in the Report of be Commissioner of Indian Affairs. For uperintendeots and Indian agents not on the eservations, officers of the army were seleced. The reasons for this are numerous. When ndian agents are sent there or near there, roops must be sent also. The agent and the ommander of troops are independent of each ther, and are subject to orders from different apartments of the Government. The army fficer holds a position for life; the agent, one t the will of the President The former is ersonally interested in living in harmony rith the Indian, and in establishing a permaent peace, to the end that some portion of 10 lifn moir Vvo onnnf within fVia limifu r\f oiir. ID Aiit ma J iJ\j o wv/ii v n ivmiai UUV IAIAJAIA? V? vif Lized society. The latter has no such peranal interest. Another reason is, an econom3 one; and still another, the hold which the Jovernment has upon a life officer, to secure faithful discharge of duties in carrying out given policy. The building of rail roads, and the access hereby given to all the agricultural and minral regions of the country, is rapidly bringing ivilized settlements into contact with all the ribes of Indians. No matter what ought to e the relations between such settlements and he aborigines, the fact is they do not harmonse well, and one or the other has to give way a the end. A system which looks to the exinction of a race is too horrible for a nation o adopt, without entailing upon itself the rrath of all Christendom, and engendering in he citizen a disregard for human life and the ights of others, dangerous to society. I see o substitute for such a system, except in plaing all the Indians on large reservations s rapidly as it can be done, and giving them bsolute protection there. As soon as they re fitted for it, they should be induced to take heir lands in severalty, and to set up Territoial Governments for their own protection. \)r full details on this subject, I call your pecial attention to the reports of the Secretay of the Interior and the Commissioner of ndian Affairs. COAST FORTIFICATIONS. The recommendation of the General of the ^.rmy, that appropriations be made for the T?T??.1 A v~... W-1, T>k:io urw Ul DH91UU, A UIUU11U, 11CI* 1VI&, X UL1U" lelphia, New Orleans and San Francisco, if or no other, is concurred in. I call special ttention to recommendations of the Chief of )rdnance, for the sale of arsenals and lands, 10 longer of use to the Government; also, to he recommendations of the Secretary of War, hat the Act,prohibiting promotions in the Staff ?orps, of the array, be repealed. The extent if country to be garrisoned, and the number; if military posts to be occupied, is the same vitli a reduced army as with a large one. The lumber of Staff officers is more dependent ipon the latter than the former condition, [he report of the Secretary of the Navy accompanying this, shows the condition of the lavy when this Administration came into ofice and the changes made since. Strenuoua ifforts have been made to place as manv^fw^ els in commission, or render them vice, if required, as soon as possible, and to < substitute the sail for steam whilst cruising, i thus materially reducing the expenses of the navy and adding greatly to itsemcency, look- 3 ing to our future.' I recommend a liberal, < though not extravagant policy toward this < hranph qf |tbfl pnKljp nflrvjffl. .. THE POBJSOFMCE. f ? ' The remit of the Postmaster-Gener&l furnishes a clear and comprehensive exhibit of i the operations 4of the postal service, and of the 3 financial condition: of the' Postoffice Depart- 1 ment The ordinary postal revenue for the ' year ending the 80th June, 1809, amounted i to $16,444,510, and the expenditures $23,698,- < 181. Your attention is respectfully called to ' the recommendation of (he Postmaster-Gener- { al for authority to change the rate of com pensation to the Main Trunk Rail ftoad lines 1 For their services in carrying the mails; for < having post route maps executed; for re-organ- 1 iring and increasing the efficiency of the special agency service; for increasing the mail service < on the Pacific, and for establishing mail service under the flag of the Union on the Atlantic. And most especially do I call vour at- J tention to his recommendation for the total abolition of the franking privilege. This is an abuse from which no one reoeives a commensurate advantage. It reduces the receipts of the postal service from twenty-five to thirty per cent., and largely increases the service to De performed. . PATENT OFFICE. During the year ending the 30th of September, 1869, the latent office issued 13,762 patents, and its receipts were $686,389, being $213,926 more than the expenditures. THE FKEEDMEN?CENSUS. ' I would respectfully call vour attention to the recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior for uniting the duties of supervising the education of freedmen with the other duties devolving upon the Commissioner of Education. If it is the desire of Congress to make the census, which must be taken during the year 1870, more complete and perfect than heretofore, I would suggest early action upon any plan that may be agreed upon, as (congress at the last session appointed a Committee to take into consideration such measures as might be deemed proper in reference to the census, and report's plan. I desist from saying more. I AGJUCUVTUMS. .J.Y f I recommend to your favorable consideration the claims of the Agricultural Bureau for liberal appropriations. In a country so diversified in climate and soil as oars, and with a population so largely dependent upon agriculture, the benefits that can be conferred by jproperly fostering this Bureau are incalcula' 8CPBEME COUBT. I desire respectfully to call the attention of Congress to the inadequate Salaries of a number of the most important officers of the Government. In this menage I will not enumerate them, but will specify only the justices of the Supreme Court No-change has been j. i_ .CA : Yi7j.ii. |< xuuue ill tueir salaries lur iiiujen years, n 1 tain that time the labors of the -Court have largely increased, and the expenses of living have at least doubled. During the same time Congress has twice found it necessary to increase largely the compensation of Its own members, ana the duty it owes to another department of the Government deserves and will undoubtedly receive due consideration, CONCLUSION. . There are many subjects not allnded to in this message which might, with propriety, be introduced, but I abstain, believing that your patriotism and statesmanship will suggest the topics and the legislation most conducive to the interests -of the whole people. On my part, I promise a rigid adhermee to the laws and their strict enforcement, U. 8. GRANT. ? IgiswHatwetis ftariitig, TUB MANNERS OF USNEBSL JACKSON. The manners of General Jackson1 were remarkable for their elegance; though most dignified, they were so kind as to put every visitor perfectly at his ease. The courtliness of Old Hickory is a strong proof of his having been one of nature's noblemen; for he lived all hk young days amid the roughest scenes in America. ; The following story was told us a few months since by a venerable gentleman, whose word is a guaranty for its truth* We publish it; for nothing concerningthepeisdnril characteristics of so great a man as General Jackson should * i _n a :?i. . ! LTC ttllUWCU IV J/Ul JB11 . ' One of the leaders of fashion forty years ago ' in this country was the beautifal and accom- 1 plished Mrs. C-?, of Maryland. This lady 1 spent some time in Europe while Gen. Jack* son was President, and from her connection \ with one uf the most renowned families of the i British peerage, she saw more of the aristo- f cratic world than falls to the lot of most Amer- 1 ican ladies. ' ; < Just before she returned home she appeared 1 at the English court, and as she took her leave, ] George IV. sent a message by her to General ' Jackson, which he charged her to deliver in 1 person. " J Accordingly, soon after her arrival she went J to Washington to deliver the message of the < King. She had never seen General Jackson, ^ but she had heard so much to his disadvantage < from his political adversaries that she was not 5 much prepossessed in his favor. Nevertheless, ' as she had determined to risk a visit, she sent for James Buchanan to introduce her. So James went with her to the Presidential , mansion, and, having escorted her into the re* i ception room, he went up stairs to s?e the Gen- ( era], whom lie found in an old dressing gown, j with his pipe in his mouth, and with his grey , beard several days old. ] He informed him of the elegant lady who t had called to see him, and of the purpose of t her doing so, and added: "But, General, you s are not now in a trim to see ladies; you must t fiX Up." 1 "Buchanan," replied Old Hickory, "I once , knew a man who succeeded very well in the ( world by attending to his own business." ? Upon the hint James said no more, but went t down into the reception room to await the ar- ^ rival of the General and introduce him to . Mrs. C?? T.i nnS?o a ohm* timn t.hfl President' CfllllA . down well dressed and neatly shaved. Mr. 1 Buchanan introduced him to Mrs. C and ! retired. ^ I Left alone with old Andrew, she withjg^Rl trepidation delivered her message tod whom she had been taught to com??^ of wildcat; but she was so a his captivating manners th^"e 80011 . e dread of him and entej*^^^ a conversation u with him which la*-?learly an hour; after ? which she aroar'^eeve'an""*e es- f corted herj^ne door, where she found Mr. ? Buclinj^rwaiting for her to hand her to the Q (^Wishing to find out what impression the 8 GeneraJ had made upon her, he asked her what she thought of him. She replied she was most 1 delighted with him, ana compietea uereuiugy thus: "I have traveled extensively, and have been in most of the courts of Europe, but at aone of them have I ever seen a man who in aleganoe of manners oould compare with General Jackson." :? i t i i END OF A WEARY LIFE. A, man died in Kansas city several weeks igo, whoee life had been a weary one, and, may be, harder than he could bear, for to those srho knew him there were a few hints of a brief death struggle that was not natural. Qeorge R was born in Kentucky, and same to Cooper county, Missouri, at the age if 16., This was in 1648. Soon his parents lied, and he was left alone and penniless. In 1856 he went to California, entered the mine with the rest of a boy, worked hard, was successful, bought land near Sacramento city, and soon became a rich and prosperous man. In L858 he raej the woman who, through no feolt rf his, was to exert such a sad influence upon ill his after life. This woman was said to be beautiful, accomplished, pure and lovable. R met hc*,wasfiucinated,propoeed, and, is a result, an engagement followed/ The wedding day had been suggested, if it had not been decided upon/and for one brief month the son of happiness shone out solaeingly before the clouds dosed over it forever. Preceding the wedding, it became necessary for R?-? to return to the mines to arrange some business there claiming his immediate at tenion. He went, became involved in aquarrel with a man he had never seen, was attacked, md to save his own life, hilled his antagonist the dead man was his intended's brother. He lid not know it then, nor until his trial was >ver, nor until he went again to B&cjrainento x> see all that he had ever known or loved. It is not necessary to depict the interview?the terrible remorse on the one side, the fanned reproach and regrets on the other. At last lie sister grew frightfully calm?so calm, inieed, that die tora of her brother; how he bad left home at the first news of the gold lisoorory; how heha? not written; how wild stories had come back of his recklessness and dissipation; and at last the dreadful day when no lay dead at the fret of her lover. K 'a grief was no less hitter than that of the stricken sister, and so when she said to bka, "I will love you till I die, butl wQl never many you m this earth, because my brother's blood is in your head," he sold out everything he owned in California, and came back to Missouri, first pledged to each dther to correspond as regularly as the condition of the mails then permitted. She wrote once, and an mare. In a month following her first letter she, too, had rone to join her brother in the eternal world. Fhfe second blow fell heavier than the first, (bl the poor man had some hope while fhe woman lived. Now he was alone forever. Presently the war came, and R??enlisted in the Confederate army. In the hot charge made upon the graveyard fort, at the battle of Helena, Arkansas, a minnie bullet pawed through kn?li nf B *n nknalra find nit. hi* Inn on# evenly off about midway in its length. After that he never Bpoke an intelligible word. Indeed, he cared very little to speak. In subsequent battles he tried hard to throw his life away, and was noted in his command for the most reckless audacity. , At Jeakin's ferry, it seemed as if he would get what he most desired, for be was badly shot in the head, thesknll bring fractured, and the brain exposed. He recovered in so much that the wound heafed; but the poor tried man had convulsions until he died.' It is supposed that these convulsions impaired his mind to a certain extent, for he frequently declared tie saw the face of the woman whom he once loved?the face of the woman whose memory lever left him long during all the bitter and lorrowful years of life. 0 o : Pantomime.?There is a dialect of hands, irms and features, in common vogue between nen and Indians. A trapper meets a doxen lavages, all of different tribes, and though no wo have ten articulate words in common, they xravene for hours in dumb show, comprehending each other perfectly, and often relating Incidents which cause uproarious laughter, or jxcite the sterner passions. To a novice, these signs are 110 more intelligible than so many vagaries of St. Vitus' dance; but like all mysteries, they are simple and significant?after we comprehends them.? , All Indian; languages are so imperfect that aven when two members of the same tribe con^ verse, half the intercourse is carried oqptfy signs. Mountain men become so accugfomed to this, that when talking in theic/mother tongue upon the most abstract subjects, their inns and bodies will participate ita the conversation* Like the Xanalras otf the Sandwich Islands, they are unable to) talk with their bands tied. Thus the Greeks carry on long dtidognes in silence; and the Italians, when in fea>- of being overheard, offcea atop, in tbejaiddle of a sentence to finish it in pantomime. It is even related that a great conspiracy on the Meditsranean was organised not only without vocal t%?4 n mm maa Vuti htf 4saia1 mmfts nritk/vnt am LivWrMivO) wav in a?vwi oikuo) mvuv/u i ^uiw ploying 'the hands at all. Mow much more expressive than spoken words is a shrug of the shoulders, a scowl, or the turning up of the aosel The aupple tongue may deceive, but few can discipline the expression of the fece to & persistent falsehood; ami no man can tell a tie?an absolute, unmitigated lie?with his eyes. If closely and steadily watched, they will reveal the truth, be it love, or hate, or xay\ lifference.?A. D. Richardson's Beyond 4he"-^ Mississippi. How Matches are Made.?Large planks ire cut Up into blocks double the length of the match, and put one at a time upon the Hitting machine. Two large knives, converg ing at the points, are driven back and form ( ipoo the block, and numerous little flanges -/ jeneath, wide enough apart to allow one match ' it eveiy passage of the knives, at the iite of tixty a minute. The particles aife packed in square frames, and placed inaluln-aiyer over he furnace, where they remain twenty-four lours. They are then taken out, an^j^ neans of curious machines are coiled ^ ?rdinary cotton band. On eac^. band jg bei gross, or 14,400matches, an ^ngement of ween each layer. A cnf?u not^ but a hemachine is thati^^ tbe defective ones *rfect mateMjglT 810W, and one man can jR- j8mes, which will ordinarily coil ^"Jj^^flundred and fifty gross a day. Af^SwTis made up, the ends are planed down Tand put upon a hot iron, which opens Spores of the wood. Both ends are then ipped into melted brimstone, into a composi ion of phosphorus, glae and other materials, nd hung upon racks for ten minutes, at the nd of which they are dry. The coils are now nrolled, the matches put back, in the square rame, cut in two in the middle, boxed and tacked ready for shipment. The boxing is aostly done oy boys and girls, and the smell if the brimstone is said to affect their health omewhat?New Haven Journal, JW Punch asks, "Why is a prisoner's time ike a bad joke?" Because its past in durance.