Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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, -BBggg^=? i agMgeag^g 1 B^bbhm?a ? 11 LEWlf,o^i;?RIST'{ %* Ini)tj)cnknf jfamilg jetospaptr: Jor % frnmriimt of % foMcal, Satial, ^gricnlluial anb Camuttraal |irttmls tf % gou% "VOL. 14. YOBKYILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1868. NO. 7. ; ?ftc Jteg-$eUcv. ! THE MAN AT THE DOOR. * BY MARY KYLE DALLAS. j "No tramps here," said I; and shut the door in ^ his face, I did. The wind blew so I could hardly a do it, and the sleet was beating on the panes, ana p the bare trees were groaning and moaning as if they ? suffered in the storm. "No tramps here ; I'm a a lone woman, and I am afraid of 'em." y. Then the man 1 hadn't seen yet, for the dark, * went away from the door. Champ, champ, champ ^ came the man back again, and knocked on the door?knocked not half as loud as he did before? w and I opened it, hot and angry. This time I saw ^ his face?a pale ghost of aface?with yellow brown a hair, cropped close, and great staring blue eyes; w and he put his hand against the door and held it open. # "How near is the next house, ma'am ?" said he. ^ ' 'Three miles or more," said I. ai "And that is not a tavern ?" "No," said I; "no drink's to be got there; it's Miss Mitteu's, and she's as set agin tramps as I }f am. "I don't want drink," said the man, "though I 5 do want food. You needn't be afraid to let me in, ma'am. I've been wounded, and am not able to j) walk far. and my clothes are thin, and it's bitter ^ cold. I ve been tiring to get to my parents at 1 r?nn reafc till I'm better: and I \A 1 V?VMVUUI\) nuvtv * all my money was stolen from me three days ago. You needn't be afraid; let me just lie before the j., "fire, and only give me a crust, the stalest crust, to ^ keep me from starving, and the Lord will bless jj you for it." cj . And then he looked at me with his wild blue e, eyes in a wav that would have made me do it if it hadn't been I'd seen so much of those impostors. The war was just over, and every beggar that came along said he was a soldier traveling home, and had been wounded and robbed. One that I had been a. fool enough to help, limped away out of sight, as ^ he thought, and then?for I. was at the garret t0 window?shouldered his crutches, and tramped it with the strongest Jo, "No doubt your pocket is full of money," said I, "and you only want a chance to rob and murder a, me. Go away with you I" Wi Drusiila, that's mv niece, was baking cakes in the kitchen. Just then she came to the door, and at motioned with^ her mouth to me: "Do let him W( stay, auntie," and if I hadn't had good sense I ^ might, but I knew better than a chit of sixteen. 8j. "Go away with you!" says I, louder than be- ^ fore. "I won't have this any longer." And he gave a kind of a groan, and took his W; hand from the latch, and went champ, champ, champ, through the frozen snow again; and 1 ?c Mm nnna nrVicm thr>r*> he was once more. I?. VilUUKUb llliu gvuv) ? mvm ?- f hardly with a knock at all?a faint touch, like a 1" * child's, now. U And when I opened the door again he came at quite in, and stood leaning on his cane, pale as a ^ ghost, his eyes bigger than ever. "Well,-of all impudence!" said L w He looked at me, and he said: m "Madam, I have a mother at Green bank. I w want to live to see her. I shall not if I tiy to go any further to-night" " "They all want to see their mothers," and just bi then it came into my mind that 1 hoped my son, sc Charlie, who had been a real soldier, an officer be D had come to be, mind you, wanted to see his, and would soon. U( "I have been wounded, as you see," said he. tl * "Don't go a showing me your hurts," said I; w "they buy 'em, so they told me, to go a begging hi with now. I read the papers, I tell ye2 and I'm ai principled, and so's our clergyman, agin giving U] anything, unless it's through some well organized society. Tramps are ray abomination. And as to keeping you all night, you can't expect that of deoe?l ColL?? ? Drusilla came to the door and said: 01 "Let him stay, auntie," with her lips again, but si I took no notice. So he went, and this time did not come back; and I sat down by the fire, and smelt the bakjng n: cakes and the apples stewing; and the tea drawing ti on the kitchen stove; and I ought to have been bi very comfortable, but I wasn't. Something seem- oi ed tugging at my heart all the time. ol * I gave the fire a poke, and lit another candle to fc cheer myself up, aud I went to my work-basket to b get the sock I had been knitting for my Charlie; and as I went to get it I saw something lying on n the floor. I picked it up. It was an old tobacco la pouch, ever so much like the one I gave Charlie, d with fringe around it, and written on it in ink: fi "From C. F. to K. H.and inside was a bit of n tobacco and an old pipe, and a letter, a rumpled a old letter; and when I spread it out I saw on the k top, "My dear son." u I know the beggar must have dropped it, and b my heart gave one big thump, as though it had been turned into a hammer. tl Perhaps the story was true, and he had a moth- v er. I shivered all over, and the fire and tiie can- o dies and the nice comfortable smells might as well b not have been at all. I was cold and wretched. it And over and over again had I to say to myself a what I heard our pastor say often: "Never give c anything to chance beggars, my dear friends; al- b wavs bestow your alms on worthy persons, through d well-organized societies" before I could get a bit e of comfort. -And what an old fool I was to cry, I ii thought, when I found my cheeks wet. ' t Bat I did not cry long, for, as I sat there, dash s and crash and jingle came a sleigh over the road, t and it stopped at our gate, and l heard my Char- li lie's voice crying: "Halloa, mother!" And out I r went to the door, and had him in my arms, my C great, tall, handsome, brown son. And there he o was in his uniform, with his pretty shoulder-straps, f and as hearty as if he never nad been through any t hardships. He had to leave me to put the hcrse t up, and then I had by the fire my own boy. And v Drusilla, who had been up stairs, and had been t crying?why, I wonder??came down all in a flut- o tei*?for they were like brother and sister?and he s kissed her, and she kissed him, and then away she a went to set the table, and the nice hot things r smoked on a cloth as white as snow; and how \ Charlie enjoyed them! But oucc, in the midst of c all, I felt a frightened feeling come over me, and c I know I turned pale, for Drusilla said: "What is s the matter, Aunt Fairfax?" c I said nothing; but it was this: Kind o' like the ghostof a step, going champ, champ, oyer the ( frozen snow ; kind o' like the ghost of a voice say- ( ing: "Let me lie on the floor before your tire, and ' give me any kind of a crust;" kind o' like some ' one that had a mother down on the wintry road, j and freezing and starving to death there. That is 1 what it was. But I put it away, and only thought ( of Charlie. : We drew up together by the fire when the tea ! was done, and he told us tnings about the war I'd 1 never heard before?how the soldiers suffered, and what weary marches and short rations they some- : times had. And then he told me how his life had ( been in danger; how he had been set upon by the foe and badly wounded; and how, at the risk of 1 his owu life, a fellow-soldier had saved him, and carried him away, fighting his path back to camp. "I'd never seen you but for him," says my Char1!_ "*- 1 tV/im'o n man nn rtnrfVl T InVO. it's ' lie. I1UU 11 iuciq a o unit vu v?? ? ..... Rob Hadaway?the dearest, best fellow! We've shared each other's rations, and drank from the same canteen many and many a time'; and if I had a brother, I couldn't think more of him." "Why didn't you bring him home to sec your mother. Charlie," said I. "Why, I'd love him too, and anything 1 could do for him, for the man who saved my boy's life, couldn't be enough. Send for him, Charlie." But Charlie shook his head, and covered his face with his hands. "Mother," said he, "I don't know whether Rob Hadaway is alive or dead to-day. While I was still in the ranks he was taken prisoner. And military prisons are poor places to live in, mother. I'd give my right hand to be able to do him any good; but I can find no trace of him. And he has a mother, too, and she is so fond of him! She livesat Grecnbank?poor old lady. My dear, good, noble Rob, the preserver of mv life." And I saw Charlie was nearly crying. Not to let us see the tears, he got up and went to the mantle-piece. I did not look around until I heard a cry: "Great heaven! what is it?" And I turned, and Charlie had the tobacco pouch the roan had dropped, in his hand. "Where did this come from ?" 'said he. "I feel as though I had seen a ghost I gave this to Rob Hadaway the day he saved me. We soldiers, had ot much to give, vou know, and he vowed never o part with it while he lived. How did it come ere, mother?" And I fell back in my chair, white and cold, and aid I. "A wandering tramp left it here. Never your lob, my dear; never your Rob. He must nave een an impostor. I wouldn't have turned away person really in want. Oh, no, no; it's another ouch, child; or he stole it. A tall fellow, with , lue eyes, and yellow-brown hair; wounded, he aid, and going to his mother to Greeubank. Not our Rob." 1 And Charlie stood staring at me, with clenched 1 ands; and said he ' "It was my Rob I it was my dear old Rob, ounded and starving!?my dear old Rob, who wed my life, and you have driven him out in such night as this, mother. My mother to use Rob ' )!" j "Condemn me, Charlie," said I; "condemn me 1 ' you like; I'm afraid God will. Three times he ( ime back; three times he asked only for a crust id a place to lie, and I drove him away?L I? . id he's lying in the road now. Oh! if I had 1 oownl Oh 1 if Lhad known 1" i And Charlie caught up his hat. . "TM1 find him if he's alive." said he. "Ohl ob, my dear friend." And then?I never saw the girl in such taking. ( "own went Drusilla on her knees, as if she was ( tying her prayers, and says she: "Thank God I dared to do it I" And says she again to me: _ __ ( "Oh! aunt, I've been trembling with fright, not nowing what you'd say to me. I took him in ? ie kitchen way. I couldn't see hini go faint, and c nngry, and wounded, and I put him in the spare a lumber over the parlor, and I've been so fright- , led all the while. j "Lord bless you, Drusilla," said Charlie. j: "Amen," says I. * And she, getting bolder, went on: r "And I took him up some hot short cakes and j! iple-sass and tea," says she, "and I took him a . ndle, and a hot brick for his feet, and I told him c eat, and go to bed in the best chamber, aunt S lirfax, with the white counterpane and all, and I ( eked him in and put the key in my pocket; and i told him that he should have one night's rest, J id that no one should turn him out unless- they ? alked over my dead body." ^ And Drusilla said it like an actress in a tragedy, {; id went off into hysterics the moment the words k ere out of her mouth. She'd been expecting to ^ i lialf murdered, you know, and the girl was but 5 steen, and always before minded me as if I was e ;r mother. , Never was there any old sinner so happy as I ' as that night, so thankful to the good Lord; and would have done your "heart good if you had >ne to see the two meet in the morning?Charlie a id his friend Rob. And Charlie, who got so well id had a mother who was not poor either, helped c ob into business. And he got over his wounds f last, and grew as handsome as a picture, and to- 1 ly week he is going to marry Drusilla. "I'd give you anything I have," said I, "and I ? on't refuse you even Drusilla," when he asked j e, telling me that he had loved her ever since she 1 as so kind to him on the night I've told you of. 1 And Charlie is to stand up with him, and I am ' give Drusilla a way, and Rob's sister from Greentnk is to be bridesmaid, and I have a guess that me day Charlie will bring her home to lue in rusilla's place. I don't drive beggars from the door now as I >edj and no doubt I'm often imposed upon; but lis is what I sav: "Better be imposed upon alays, than to be cruel to one who really needs elp." And I've read my Bible better of late, id I know who says: "Even as you have done it ato the least of these, ye have done it unto me." HOW THEY LOOK TO A STRANGER. A correspondent of the New York Times fnrishes that paper with the following pen and ink tetch of the South Carolina Convention: THE DELEGATES. It is unfortunate for the convention that its digity is marred by one or two white men, who, in ying to be funny, make themselves ridiculous and ring discredit upon the body. Young Mackey is lie of these unfortunate buffoons, eminently out f place, disgustingly ignorant and prodigiously (olish. So far as public respect for the body is to c secured, lie Is a standing thorn in the flesh." I remarked in a former letter that the colored icn in the Convention possess, by long odds, the. irgest share of mental calibre. They are the best ebaters; and although the mistakes made are 1 equent and ludicrous, the South Carolinians are ] ot slow to acknowledge that their destinies really ppear to be safer in the hands of these unlettered ; /tliiopians than they would be if confided to the lore unscrupulous care of the white men in the odv. \ ou may be astonished when I tell you that :iere is scarcely a Southern white man in the Conention who has character enough to keep him out f the penitentiary. I will not mention names, ut one was pointed outto me to-day who is under idictment for stealing a cow. He was formerly n overseer on a large plantation, but was dismissd on account of cruelty to the slaves, and to save is life and redeem his reputation among the inignant negroes, joined a Union League. Anothr was recently fined $12,000 for a violation of the aternal revenue laws and sent to jail, after being urned out of the service of the government for tcaling horses and wagons from the planters: A hird has been recently indicted for illicitly distiling whiskey; a fourth hoisted the first Confedeato flag on Fort Sumter, was private Secretary to irovernor Pickens, and subsequently an enrolling fficer in the Confederate army; and a fifth is a ourth-class Baptist chaplain, who used to pray hat "the Yankee fleet might be sunk into the botr omless pit." These are only samples. I might, rith similar information furnished me concerning hese men, go through the list Fully six-tenths f the white men are of Northern birth, who erved in our army or held positions in the bureau ,nd have become eligible to office by reason of their esidence here. Some of the negroes have also een, as 1 learn, good Confederates, and beat the (rum or played tne fife throughout the war, only hanging their tune to the music of the Union ince they have learned that it pays to be a politi:ian. Speaking of eligibility, by some strange law of sonvenience, I find that it is not necessary for a * ' 1 i v .1 T~\ m.J!.A. L!..L 1. ^ ielegate to Have resiueu in me .uisinci wuicu utrepresents. A man may live in Charleston, yet is noted down as a delegate of a Disti-ict a hundred miles away, Niles (jr. Parker, recently appointed by military authority, an Alderman of the city of Charleston, represents distant Barnwell; Mackey, i Charlcstonian, so-called, went to Orangeburg, stayed twenty-four hours, was elected, and returned to his native heath; Randolph, a negro, from Buffalo, ditto; Pillsbury, a white bureau agent, represents Berkeley ; Arnini, an ex-Northern officer, recently dismissed disgracefully, represents Edgefield; Elliott, a Charleston negro, also represents Edgefield, and so of a dozeu others, who know scarcely a score of people in the places to which they have been assigned by the powers that be. It is this burlesque on legislation and repre sentation which has disgusted the South Carolinians. ? ? Direct Railway from New York to New Orleans.?In the year 1859, the work of grading the proposed railroad from Atlanta, Georgia to Anderson C. II., South Carolina, was commenced, but was interrupted by the war. We learn from a gentleman just from Georgia that arrangements are being made to commence operations on that line again. A considerable amount of the stock of * Uan tol-on in N V ritv. and the tne company uaa i^xu u*avu?, W.VJ design is to push the work right through. We suppose the company has been recently reorganized, as we learn that Major W. T. Suthcrliu, of this place, has ben appointed a director. When built, this road wid be a link in the most direct line of railway from New York to New Orleans, the route lying along by Richmond, Danville, Greensboro, Charlotte. Atlanta, and Montgomery. It will make this the great thoroughfare from North to South, and a tide of trade and travel, such as we have not dreamed of, will pour through the heart of Virginia and North Carolina. The distance from Atlanta to Anderson by survey, is about 130 miles.?Danville ( fit.) Register. S&* "Steel your heart," said a considerate father to his son, "for you are going now among some fascinating girls." "I had much rather steal theirs," said the unpromising young man, JT. C ^ottvetttiou. p n PROCEEDINGS of the RECONSTRUCTION CONVENTION, g seventeenth day. ft Tuesday. February 4.?The convention assem- pi bled at 12 o clock. _ ft The president stated that the ordinances taxing tj the people to defray the expenses, and defining the ft pay and mileage of the members, had been engross- d< ^d and duly signed by the Secretary aud himself. ^ wages. jw W. E. Rose, from the Committee on Petitions, ? jo whom was referred a resolution with reference :o the collection of the wa^es and debts of laborers, eported the same back with the recommendation iat it be laid on the table. The report was alopted. the special order. <j( On motion of A. J. llansier, the unfinished ftj justness of vesterdav. beimr the ordinance invali- flr lating contracts based on slaves, was taken up. ^ Speeches were made by A. J. Ransier, 0. C. gg Bowen, D. H. Chamberlin, and G. Pillsbury, and he previous question then being called, the main jn luestion was taken, by yeas and nays, and the or- }s] ii nance passed to a third reading. be On motion of F. J. Moses, Jr., the sergeant-atirms was instructed to summon the members and rf, dose the doors. th Such is the importance of the question that we er jublish the list of yeas and nays, which, it will be $ >bscrved, show the large vote of ninety-six yeas igainst nineteen nays. m law?The President and Messrs. Allen, A-nim, m Becker, Bell, Bowen, Bonum, Burton, Brooken- 0f on, Brycc, Byas, R. H. Cain, F. J. Cain, Camp, 0f 3oghlan, ChambeHin, Cook, Collins, Crews, Darington, l)avis, DeLarge^ Dickson, Dogan, Don- 0f Jdson, Driffle, Duncan, Edwards, Foster, Gentry, w] toss, Gray, Harris, J. N. Hayne, Haynes, Hen- ^ lerson, Holmes, Humbird, Hunter, Hurley, Jack- w] on, Jacobs, Jervev, S. Johnson, W. B. Johnson, r.-W. Johnson, W. E. Johnson, Joiner, H. Jones as 3. Jones, Lang, Langley, G. Lee, S. Lee, Lotnax, pc jeslie, Mackey, Mayer, Middleton, Miltord, Mo- 8b es, Nance, Nash, Neagle, Newell, Nuckles, Par;er, Pillsbury, Randolph, Rainey, Ransier, Rich- jn uond, Rivers, Rose, Runion, Sanders, Sasportas, ar Shrewsbury, Smalls, Stubbs, Swails, Thomas, Au- te rustus Thompson, B. A. Thompson, S. B. Thomp- n, on, Viney, Webb, Whipper, White, C. M. Wild- ar i* \Vii>?n nnil Wriorlit *1, M " 4MBV "O-" m Nays?Messrs. Alexander, Cnrdoza, Chestnut, Clinton, Corley, Dill, Jenks. Jillson, Mauldin, W. pi T. McKinlay, Wm. McKinlay, McDaniels, Mead, sp kliller, Owens, Rutland, Whittemore, Williamson <,{, md F. E. Wilder. of Before announcing his vote, B. F. Whitteinore, if Darjington, obtained leave of the convention to p!] jive his reasons therefor. He said: The manner or n which this question has been debated to-day j;? vould tend to indicate that every person who may ^ rote "no" upon it, favors the idea that there can jn >c any right of property in man. I wish to say to hat there is no delegate on this floor who has more re persistently and continuously denied such a right han myself, and I vote "no* on the present ques- jj, ion only because I believe in the enforcement of hi ill contracts mutually and legally formed, of what- ^ sver character they may be. tj, On motion of W. G. Whipper, the rules were 0f suspended, and the ordinance received its third eaaing, and was ordered to be engrossed. The irdinance is as follows t0 We, die people of South Carolina, by our Dele- n( jatcs in Convention assembled, do hereby declare m md ordain, 1st That all contracts, whether under seal or not, the consideration of which were the jn Durchase of slaves, are hereby declared null and raid, and of no effect; and no suit either in law or w jquity, shall be commenced or prosecuted for the ar 2d. That all proceedings to enforce satisfaction oc >r payment of judgment or decrees rendered, re- 0{ jorded, enrolled or entered upon such contracts in at my court in this State, are hereby prohibited. 0t 3d. That all orders heretofore made in any court in this State in relation to such contracts, whereby aj property is held subject to decision, as to validity j jf such contracts, arc also hereby declared null and ^ void and of no effect. ai Done in convention, at the City of Charleston, the tL: 4th day of February, in the year of our Lord tc one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight. now TO COLLECT WAGES. B. B3ras, colored, of Berkeley, offered a long se- * ries of resolutions providing that every freedman in South Carolina shall be entitled to collect wages Q] From his former master for services rendered since j January 1, 1863, to wit: Male hands, over 21 Qj pears of age, at the rate of $10 per month ; under 21 years, $8 per month ; females over 18 years, ^ $8 per month ; under 18, $6 per month. The resolution was laid on the table amid great jg langhter, Byas being evidently much discomntted thereat. 0 FUTURE RAILROADS. _ # " W. G. Whipper offered the following, Which 1 was referred to the Committee on Miscellaneous Affairs. # < L Resolved, That it shall be binding and obligato- i ry on the Legislature to grant a charter for any pro- ^ posed railroad whenever the said charter shall be nnr\lin/I <nr Kv nnv twelve rcsnectable citizens. Dro- 1 vicied the route of such proposed road shad not run within ten miles on a parallel line with any ^ other now in existence iu the State. The convention adjourned. ^ EIGHTEENTH DAY. Wednesday, February' 5.?The Convention as- 9 sembled at 12, M. 11 C. P. Leslie offered the following resolution, *2 which, on motion of W. G. Whipper, was adopted: Resolved, That the Presideut of the convention Q appoint a committee of three to audit contingent accounts and inquire into the correctness of all bills; and no money shall bo paid until the alleged c indebtedness shall have been investigated and re- e ported to the convention. 7 The unfinished business of yesterday was taken up, being a resolution offered by J. M. Allen, of c Greenville, that the President be requested to draw from the Treasury of the State $30,000 for thepur- c pose of paying the per diem and mileage of officers o and members of the convention, and that the same * be paid on Saturday, at three o'clock. P. M. 0 Mr. Parker moved to amend by adding "for the t purpose of paying the per diem of the members and officers of this Convention and such other ex- 11 penses." _ _ s Mr. Leslie moved to amend as follows: "Provi- c ded that no contingent expenses shall be paid until the same shall have been acted on by the Commit- ii tee of Audit and approved by the I-Iouse." ii R. II. Cain hoped the amendment would not s pass. The Finance Committee had charge of these t matters and it seemed to be calling in question their c management to appoint a Committee to audit the accounts. # f W. J. Whipper hoped, as a matter of relief to j the Finance Committee, the amendment would be r adopted. c Mr. Parker, Chairman of the Committee on Fi- j nance, said when the motion was made to draw the t money, he only desired to bring it to the considera- ? tiou of the House that the money should be drawn. In order to be paid they might make and arrangements they deemed proper. Anything would De satisfactory to the Chairman or other members of the Committee on Finance. He did, however, want to pay the printer. B. F. llandolph hoped the first amendment, which requires the officers and other expenses to be paid, would be adopted. If2 as delegates, they received their pay, and left all incidental expenses unpaid, it would look as if they were disposed to feather their own pockets to the exclusion of everybody else. Mr. Leslie said he offered his amendment simply to carry out the object intended by the appointment of an Auditing Committee, as callca for in the resolution just before adopted. Unless the expenses were regularly audited, they might wake up some bright morning and find all the $75,000, which it was estimated would pay all the expenses of the Convention, had disappeared and left them still in session with no money. The resolution as amended was adopted. B. F. llandolph offered a resolution for the appointment of a Committee of five, to confer with General Canby in regard to the plan of voting upon the ratification of the Constitution, and moved that it be referred to the Committee on Franchise and Elections. Mr. Leslie moved to lay the resolution on the ta- < ble. Before the vote on the motion was taken, the 'resident announced that the hour for theoonsideition of the special order had arrived. The flowing reports of aommitteea were then ?ad for the first time: We, the people of the State of South Carolina, i Convention assembled, Grateful to Almighty od for this opportunity, deliberately and peaceilly of entering into an explicit and solemn oomict with each other, and forming a new constituon of civil government for ourselves and posterir, recognizing the necessity of the protection of le body politic in all that pertains to their free)m, safety and tranquility, and imploring the diction of the Great Legislator of the universe, do free upon, ordain and establish the following declaration of Rights and Form of Government i as the Constitution of the Commoiuoecdth of South Carolina. ? ARTICLE I declaration op bights. Sec. 1. All men are born free and equal?enlwed bv their Creator with certain inalienable ghts, among which may be reckoned the right of ijoying ana defending thdr lives and liberties, quiring, possessing aud protecting property, and eking ana obtaining their safety and happiness. Sec. 2. Slavery shall not exist in this State, nor voluntary servitude, otherwise than for the pun- i bment of crime, whereof the party shall have i sen duly convicted. Sec. 3. All political power is vested in and de?ed from the people only; therefore, they have e right, at all times, to modify their form of gov- i nment in such manner as they may deem cxpeent, when the public good demands. Sec. 4. Every citizen of this State owes paraount allegiance to the Constitution and Governentof the United States, and no law or ordinance ' this State in contravention or subversion there' can have any binding force. Sec. 5. This State snail ever remain a member the American Union, and all attempts, from batever source, or upon whatever pretext, to disIve said Union, ought to be resisted with the bole power of the State. Sec. 6. The right of the people, peaceably to stable to consult for the common good, and to itition the goverment, orany department thereof, all never be abridged. Sec. 7. All persons resident in this State, born the United States, or who have been naturalized id shall have legally become citizens of the Unid States, are hereby declared citizens of South irolina, possessing equal civil and political rights id public' privileges, as hereinafter declared by is constitution. Sec. 8. All persons may freely speak, write and lblish their sentiments on any subject, being rconsible for the abuse of that right, and no Taws all be enacted to restrain or abridge the liberty ' speech or of the press. Sec. 9. In prosecutions for the publication of ipers investigating the official conduct of officers men in public capacity, or when the matter pubihed is proper for public information, the truth ereof may De given in evidence j and that in all dictments lor noei, tne jury snail nave me ngnt determine the law and the facts under the diction of the court. Sec. 10. No person shall be deprived of the ;ht to worship God according to the dictates of a own conscience; Irovukd.Tbut the liberty of mscience hereby declared shall not justify precis inconsistent with the peace and moral safety ' society. Sec. 11. No form of religion shall be established r law ; but it shall be the auty of the legislature pass suitable laws to protect every religious domination in the peaceable enjoyment of its own ode of worship. Sec. 12. The right of trial by jury shall remain violate. Sec. 13. No person shall be disqualified as a itness, or be prevented from acquiring, holding id transmitting property, or be J table to any othjjuuiDuuiciib iur niiy eritii. , or Dc iimuotou quiring education, or be subjected in law to any her restraints or disqualifications in regard to ly personal rights than such as are laid upon hers under like circumstances. Sec. 14. No person shall be held to answer for ly crime or offence until the same is fully, fairly, fainly, substantially and formally described to iin; or be compelled to accuse or furnish evidence jainst him : aud every person shall have a right i produce all proofs that may be favorable to him, ? meet the witnesses against him face to face, to ave a speedy and public trial by an impartial irv, and to be fully heard in his defence of himilf or by his counsel, as he may elect Sec. 15. No person shall be arrested, imprisied, despoiled or dispossessed of his property, umunities or privileges, put out of the protection 7 the law, exiled or deprived of his life, liberty or state, but by the judgment of his peers or the w of the land. And the legislature shall not enit any law that shall subject any person to punhment without trial by jury; nor shall he be punhed but by virtue of a law already established, r promulgated prior to the offence, and legally pplied. Sec. 16. All courts shall be open, and eveiy ereon for any injury that he may receive in his ud, goods, person or reputation, shall have reraey by due course of law and justice administered ithout unnecessary delay. Sec. 17. All persons shall, before conviction, e bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital ffences, when the proof is evident or the presumpon great; and excessivo bail shall not, in any ise oe required, nor corporeal punishment inflic;d. Sv/i 18 The nrivileee of the writ of habeas irpus shall not be suspended, except in case of isurrection, rebellion or invasion, the public safef may require it. Sec. 19. No person, after having been once acuitted by a jury, can be again, for the same ofjnce, put in ieopardy of his life or liberty. Sec. 20. No person shall be proceeded against riminally, by information for any indictable offence xcept in cases arising in the land and naval serice, or in the militia when in actual service in the ime of war or public danger, or by leave of the ourt, for oppression or misdemeanor in office. Sec. 21. No person shall be imprisoned for debt, xcept in cases of fraud; and a reasonable amount f property, as a homestead, shall be exempted rom seizure or sale for the payment of any debts r liabilities, except for taxes, that may be conracted after the adoption of this constitution. Sec. 22. No bill or attainder, ex post-facto law, lor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, ball ever be enacted; and no conviction shall work orruption of blood or forfeiture of estate. Sec. 23. Treason against the State shall consist n levying war against the same, or in adhering to ts enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No peron shall be convicted of treason unless on* the tesiraony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or in confession in open court Sec. 24. All persons have a right to be secure rom unreasonable searches or seizures of their icrsons, houses, papers or possessions. All warants, therefore, are contrary to this right, if the aiiw nr foundation of them be not previously sup jorted by affirmation or oath, and, if the order, in he warrant, to a civil officer, to make search in mspected places, or to arrest one or more suspected lersons, or to seize their property, be not accompanied with a special designation of the persons or )bjects of search, arrest or seizure; ana no war ant shall be issued but iu cases and with the fornalities prescribed by the laws. Sec. 25. Private properly shall not be taken or ipplied for public use, or for the use of corporaions. other tnan municipal or for private use, without the consent of the owner and a just compensa;ion being made therefore Provided, however, that aws may be made securing to persons or corporations the right of way over the lands of either persons or corporations, and for works of internal improvement, the right to establish depots, stations, turnouts, etc., but a just compensation, in all cases, shall be first made to the owner. Sec. 26. The power of suspending the laws, or the execution of the laws, ought never to be exercised but by the legislature, or^ by authority deprived from it; to be exercised in such particular cases only as the legislature shall expressly provide for. Sec. 27. No person "shall, in any case, be subject to law martial, or to any pains or penalties by virtue of that law, except those employed in the army or navy, and except the militia in actual service, but by authority of the legislature. Sec. 28. In the government of this commonwealth tlrfe legislative department shall never exercise the executive and judicial powers, or either ol them; the executive shall never exercise the legis lative and judicial powers, or either of them: the judicial shall never exercise the legislative ana executive powers, or either of them, to the end it may be a government of laws and not of men. Sec. 29. The legislature ought frequently to assemble for the redress of grievances?for correcting, strengthening and confirming the laws, and for making new laws as the common good may require. Sec. 30. The people have a right to keep and bear arms for the common defence. As in times of peace, armies are dangerous to liberty; they ougnt not to be maintained without the consent of the legislature. The railitaiy power shall always be held in an exact subordination to the civil authority, and be governed by it. Sec. 31. In time of peace no soldier ought to be quartered in any house without the consent cf the owner: and, in time of war, such quarters ought not to he made but in a manner prescribed by law. Sec. 32. No person who conscientiously scruples to bear arms shall be compelled to do so, but he may pay an equivalent for personal services. Sec. 33. All elections shall be free and open, and every inhabitant of this commonwealth, possessing the qualifications provided for in this constition, shall have an equal right- to elect officers and be elected for public employment Sec. 34. No property qualification shall be necesBarv for an election to or the holding of any office, and no office shall be created^ the appointment to which shall be for a longer time than good behavior. After the adoption of this constitution, any person who shall fight a duel, or send or accept a challenge for that purpose, or be an aider or abetter in fighting a duel, shall be deprived of holding any office of honor or trust in this State, and shall be otherwise punished as the law Bhall provide. Sec. 35. The right of suffrage shall be protected by laws regulating elections, and prohibiting, under adequate penalties, all undue influences from power, bribery, tumult or improper conduct.^ Sec. 36. Representation snail be apportioned according to population, and no person in this State shall be disfranchised or deprived of any of the rights or privileges now enjoyed, except by the law of the land or the judgment of his peers. Sec. 37. Temporary absence from the State shall not forfeit a residence once obtained. Sec. 38. All property subject to taxation onght to be taxed in proportion to its value. Each individual of society has a right to be protected in the enjoyment of life, property and liberty, according to standing laws. He should, therefore, contribute his share to the expense of his protection, and give his personal service when necessary. Sec. 39. No subsidy, charge, impost tax or duties. nnirht to h? established. fixed, laid or levied. under any pretext whatsoever, without the consent of the people or their representatives lawfully assembled. Sec. 40! Excessive lines shall not be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted, nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained. Seo. 41. No title of nobility or distinction, or hereditary emolument shall ever be granted in this State. Sec. 42. All navigable waters shall remain forever public highways, free to the citizens of the State and the United States, without tax, impost, or toll imposed; and no tax, toll or impost, or wharfage shall be imposed, demanded or received from the owner of any merchandise or commodity, for the use of the shores, or any wharf erected on the shores, or in or over the waters of any navigable stream, unless the same be expressly authorized by the Legislature. Sec. 43. Tne enumeration of rights in this constitution shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people, and all powers not herein delegated remain with the people. ARTICLE -. judicial department. Sec. 1. The judicial power of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court, in two Circuit Courts, to wit: A Court of Common Pleas, having civil jurisdiction, and a Court of General Sessions mm CuuiiiMM jmuHiu.uwu a/iou ittauu i*iv bate Courts, and in Justices of the Peace. The General Assembly may also establish such municipal and other inferior courts as may be deemed necessary. * . Sec. 2. The Supreme Court shall consist of three judges, two of whom shall constitute" a quorum. They shall be elected by a joint vote of the General Assembly for the terra of six years, and shall continue in office until their successors shall be elected and qualified. Sec. 3. They shall be so classified, that one of the judges shall go out of office every two years; and the judge holding the shortest term of office, under such classification, shall be Chief Justice of the Court during his term of office, and so on in rotation. Sec. 4. The General Assembly, immediately after said election, shall determine, by lot, which of the three judges elect shall serve for the term of two vcare, which for the term of four years, and which for the term of six years; and having so determined the same, it shall be the duty of the Governor to commission them accordingly. Sec. 5. The Supreme Court shall nave appellate jurisdiction only in cases of chancery, and shall constitute a court for the correction of errors piiiL vnmilnfiana oa thn fi-annrol Aft lib IIIW j UIJUUl OUV/li I V?> UiiibiUiiij uo viiv viwivim* ?,Tr sembly may by law prescribe; Provided, The said court shall always have power to issue writs of injunction, mandavms, quo warranto, habeas corj)us, and such other original and remedial writs as may be necessary to give i t a general supervisory control over all other courts in tne State. Sec. 6. The Supreme Court shall be held at least once in each year, at the seat of government, and at such other place or places in the State as the General Assembly may direct. Sec. 7. No judge shall preside on the trial of any cause in the event of which he may be interested, or where either of the parties shall be connected with him by affinity orconsanguinity, within such degrees as may be prescribed by law, or in which he may have been counsel, or have presided in any inferior court, except by consent or all the parties. In case all or any of the judg&s of the Supreme Court shall be thusdisqualihed from presiding on any cause or causes, the court, or the judges thereof, shall certify the same to the Governor of the State, and he shall immediately commission, specially, the requisite number of men of law knowledge for the trial and determination thereof. The same course shall be pursued in the circuit and inferior courts as prescribed in this section for cases of the Supreme Court. Seo. 8. There shall be appointed by the Judges of the Supreme Court, a reporter and clerk of saic court, who shall hold their offices two years, anc whose duties and compensation shall be prescribe*; by law. Sec. 9. The Judges of the Supreme Court shal' give their opinion upon important questions ol constitutional law, and upon solemn occasions wher required by the Governor, the Senate, or the Hous< of Representatives; and all such opinions shall b< published in connection with the reported decision* of said court Sec. 10. When a judgment or decree is reversec or affirmed by the Supreme Court, every poin' made and distinctly stated in writing in the cause and fairly arising upon the record of the case, shal be considered and decided; and the reasons there for shall be concisely and briefly stated in writing and preserved with the records of the case. , Sec. 11. The Judges of the Supreme Court anc Circuit Courts shall, at stated times, receive a com pensation for their services, to be fixed by law which shall not be diminished during their contin uance in office. They shall not be allowed am fees or perquisites of office, nor hold any other of fice of trust or profit under this State, the Unite* ^ ' 1 - ? ?? nAtTTAM Btaies, or iuiy uiuci ^unti, Sec. 12. No person shall bo eligible to the of fice of Judge or the Supreme Court, or Circui Courts, who is not, at the time of his election, a citi zen of the United States, and has not attained tb age of thirty years, and been a resident of thi State for five years next preceding liis election, o from the adoption of this constitution. Sec. 13. All vacancies in the Supreme Court o other inferior tribunals shall be filled by election Provided, That if the unexpired term docs not ex ceed one year, such vacancy may be filled by Ex ecutive appointment. All Juclges, by virtue o i their office, shall be conservators of the peae throughout the State. Sec. 14. In all cases decided by the Suprem ' Court, a concurrence of two of the Judges sha] i be necessary to a decision. 1 Sec. 15. The State shall be divided into conve nient circuits, and for each circuit a judge shall b elected by the qualified electors thereof, who sha ^ hold his office for a the term of four years, and do ring his continuance in office he shall resiae in th I circuit of which he is judge. Sec. 16. Judges of the Circuit Courts shall in- ty, terchange circuits with each other in such manner gr as may be determined by law. wi Sec. 17. The Courts of Common Picas shall sai have exclusive jurisdiction in all cases of divorce, and exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil cases of and actions cx delicto, which shall not be cognizable pr before Justices of the Peace, and appellate juris- of diction in all such cases as may be provided by law. fai They shall have power to issue writs of mandamus thi prohibition, scire facias, and all other writs which may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect. j Sec. 18. The Court of Common Pleas shall sit ha in each Judicial District in this State at least twice tw in every year, at such stated times and places as qn may be appointed by law. It shall have full ju- pe risdiction in all matters of equity, but the courts un heretofore established for that purpose shall con- qq: tinue as now organized until the first day of Janu- | nrv. one thousand eicht hundred and sixtv-nine. So for the disposition of causes now pending therein. 8hi Sec. 19. The General Assembly shall provide sh by law for the preservation of the records of the all Courts of Equity, and also for the transfer to the im Court of Common Pleas and Probate Corurts for Co final decision, of all causes that may remain unde* caj termined. i Sec. 20. The Court of General Sessions shall an have exclusive jurisdiction over all criminal cases bu which shall not be otherwise proyided for by law. thi It shall sit in each Judicial District in the State at sh least three times in each year, at such stated times pa and places as the General Assembly may direct Sec. 21. The qualified electors of each judicial ^ district shall elect three persons for the term of gp two years, who shall constitute a District Court, an which shall have full jurisdiction over roads, high- tw ways, ferries, bridges, and in all matters relating p, to taxes, disbursements of money for district pur- saj poses, and in every other case that may be neoessa- lei ry to the internal improvement and local concerns of of the respective districts. off Sec. 22. A Court of Probate shall be establish- 8Ui ed in each judicial district, with jurisdiction in all he matters testamentary and of administration, in bu- sm siness appertaining to minors and the allotment of tal dower, m coses of idiotcy and lunacy, and persons jot von compos mentis. The judge of said court shall be elected by the qualified electors of the respect- he ive districts for the term of two years. Sec. 23. A competent number of Justices of the Peace and Constables shall be chosen in each ^ District by the qualified electors thereof, in such p0 manner as the General Assembly may direct; they shall bold their offices for a term of two years, ana ar until their successors are elected and qualified. aD They shall reside in the district, city or beat, for ha which they are elected, and the Justices of the Peace shall be Commissioned by the Governor* ;t Sec. 24. Justices of the Peace, individually, or .jj two or more of them jointly, as the General As- j;g serably may direct, shall have original jurisdiction 0f in cases of bastardy, and in all matters of contract, jjt and actions for ?he recovery of fines and forfeitures pl where the amount claimed docs not exceed one gtj hundred dollars, and such jurisdiction as may be tjc provided by law in actions ex delicto, where the ^ damages claimed does not exceed one hundred dol- ^ lars; and prosecutions for assault and battery and ty other penal offences less than felony, punishable by cp, fines only. tu Sec. 25. They may also sit as examining courts, ,?r and commit, discharge, or recognize persons charged with offences not capital, subject to such regu- gj, lations as the General Assembly may provide; ^ they shall also have power to bind over to Keep the t0 peace, or for good behavior. For the foregoing tn purposes they shall have power to issue all neces- 0g sary process. q Sec. 26. Every action cognizable before Justices of the Peace, instituted by summons or war- ,jj rant, shall be brought before some Justice of the Peace in the district or city where the defendant reside^ and^n^ah such cai^a tric^^y fhem^thc ^ SecT 27. The Jud^s ofProlate, SshirtCourt Judges, Justices of the Peace, and Constables, shall receive for their services such compensation and fees as the General Assembly may from time to ' time, by law, direct. Sec. 28. No person who has arrived at the age Jil of seventy years, shall be appointed or elected to, or shall continue in the office ofiudge in this State. s" Sec. 29. Judges shall not charge juries in re- j" spect to qiattcrs of fact, but may state the testimo' ny and declare the law. Sec. 30. There shall be elected in each Judicial District, by the electors thereof, one clerk for the ?jj ' Court of Common Pleas, who shall hold his office j for the term of three years, and until his successor P shall be elected and qualified. He shall, by virtue of his office, be clerk of all other courts of record ' held therein; but the General Assembly may pro- J? ' vide by law for the election of a clerk, with alike term of office, for each or any other of the courts ^ of record, and may authorize the Judge of the Pro- 7 bate Court to perform the duties of clerk for his 7 court, under such regulations as the General Assembly may direct. Clerks of courts shall be removable for such cause, and in such manner, as j shall be prescribed by law. j? Sec. 31. There shall be an Attorney-General for the State, who shall reside at the seat of Government, and shall perform such duties as may be 03 prescribed by law. He shall be elected by a ioint x vote of both branches of the General Assembly for m the term of two years, and shall* receive for his R! services a compensatiorvto be fixed by law. Sec. 32. There shall be one Solicitor for each ^ Circuit, who shall reside therein, to be elected by nt the qualified electors of the Circuit, who shall hold jj? , his office for the term of four years, and shall re' ceive for his services a compensation to be fixed by ^ law. In all cases where an Attorney for the State ^ of any Circuit, fails to attend and prosecute, ac- tjj cording to law, the court shall have power to ap- m point an attorney ])ro tempore. n , . sh Sec. 33. The guaiihea electors 01 each district ? shall elect a Sheriff, a Coroner, and a District Surveyor, for the term of two years, and until their __ successors are elected and qualified j they shall be 1 commissioned by the Governor, reside in their respective districts during their continuance in office, S, ; and be disqualified for the office a second time, if z, it should appear that they or either of them are ' in default for monies collected by Virtue of their M > respective offices. Sec. 34. All writs and processes shall run, and j all prosecutions shall be conducted in the name of i the State of South Carolina; allwritsshall be test- ^ I ed by the clerk of the court from which they shall I be issued ; and all indictments shall conclude aI gainst the peace and dignity of the State. Sec. 35. The General Assembly shall provide 1 by law for the speedy publication of the decisions ? F of the Supreme Court made under this constitution. t0 i ARTICLE 35 i jurisprudence. Sec. 1. The General Assembly shall pass such a 5 laws as may be necessary and proper, to decide dif- y ferencesby arbitrators, to be appointed by the par- J 1 ties who may choose that summary mode of ad- J11 t justment la , Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the General As- 31 1 sembly to pass the necessary laws for the change p of-venue in all cases, civiland criminal, over which bl , the Circuit Courts have original jurisdiction, upon a< a proper showing, supported by affidavit, that a 80 1 fair and impartial trial cannot be had in the Dis trict where such trial or prosecution was commenced. I' , Sec. 3. The General Assembly, at its first ses- 11 - sion after the adoption of this constitution, shall y( 7 make provision to revise, digest, and arrange, un- , - der proper heads, the body of our laws, civil and J* 1 criminal, and form a penal code, founded upon prin- ? ciples of reformation, and have the same promul- , - gated in such manner as they may direct; and a la ?* */! ?Mv\mn1rvofiAn onoll Vua t IlJiO revision, lUgcau piuuiuigjuwvu uuuu w. i - made within every subsequent period of ten years. a e That justice shall be administered in a uniform 0 s mode of pleading, without distinction between law ? r and equity, they shall provide for abolishing the a distinct forms of action, and for that purpose shall " r appoint some suitable person or persons, whose ^ ; duty it shall be to revise, simplify, and abridge the . - rules; practice, pleadings, and forms of the court 11 - now in use in this State. 01 f ARTICLE ?. , e EMINENT DOMAIN. jjjj Sec. 1. The State shall have concurrent juris- 0 e diction on all rivers bordering on this State, so far 11 as such rivers shall form a common boundary to this and any other State bounded by the 'same; i- and they, together with all other navigable waters o e within tne limits of the State, shall be common v 11 highways, and forever free, as well to the inhabi- h i- tants of t.nis State as to the citizens of the United n e States, without any tax or impost therefor. si , Sec. 2. The title to all lands and other proper- h , which have heretofore accrned to this State by ant, gift, purchase, forfeiture, escheat or otherse, shall vest in the State of South Carolina the me as though no change had taken place. Sec. 3. The people of the State, in their righflj^ * sovereignty, are declared to possess the ultimate operty in ana to all lands within the jurisdiction the State; and all lands, the tide to which shall 1 from defect of heirs, shall revert, or escheat to 9 people. ARTICLE?. . impeachments. Sec. 1. The House of Representatives shall ve the sole power of impeachment. A vote of o-thirds.of all the members elected shall be reired for an impeachment, and any officer imached, shall thereby be suspended from "office til judgment in the case shall have been produced. jj Sec. 2. AH impeachmdhts shall be tried by the . -i. J __l it it nate, ana wnen sitting ior mat purpose, iney all be under oath or affirmation. No person all be convicted except by vote of two-thirds of the members elected. When the Goverflor i& peached, the Chief Justice of the Snpretoe inrt, or the senior Jadge, shall preside, with a * sting vote in all preliminary questions. Sec. 3. The Governor and all other executive d judicial officers, shall be liable to impeachment; t judgment in such case shall not extend further an removal from office. The persons convicted.: all, nevertheless, be liable to indictment, trial ana inishment according to law. Sec. 4. For any willful neglect of duty, or other isonable cause, which shah not be sufficient onnd of impeachment, the Governor shall remove y executive or judicial officer on the address of o-thirds of each House of the General Assembly. xmded, That the cause, or causes, for which id removal may be required, shall- be stated at igth in such address, and entered on thejournals each House. And provided further, That the icer intended to be removed shall be notified of ch cause, or causes, and shall be admitted to a aring in his own defence, before any vote for sh address; and in alle&eos, the vote shall be cbn by yeas and nays, and be entered on the irnals of each House respectively. v [poet of the committee on education THE encouragement of literature, etc. WhercaSj we hold these statements as axioms*:; at education is knowledge; that knowledge is wer; that knowledge rigntly applied is the best dhighest kind of power; that the general and liversal diffusion of education and intelligence long the people is the surest guarantee oftjie en iiiuciuuui) iuucaoc) jjuiily auu picouYiuauu ui e great principles of republican liberty; therefore, shall be the duty of the General Assemblies, in future periods of this Commonwealth, to estab- " h. provide for, and perpetuate a liberal system tree public schools, to cherish the interests of erature and the sciences, and all seminaries and iblic schools, to encourage private and public intutions, rewards and immunities for the promo>n of agriculture, arts; commerce, trades, m&nusturcs, and natural histories of the' country, to untenance and inculcate the principles of bumaniand general benevolence, pnblic and private arity, industry and economy, honesty ana puncality, sincerity, sobriety and all social affections id generous sentiments among the people. Sec. 1. The supervision Of public instruction all be vested in a State Superintendent of Edution, who shall be elected by the qualified eleors of the State in such maDoer as the Legislare shall provide; his powers, duties, term of Bee and compensation shall be defined by the eneral Assembly. Sec. 2. There shall be elected, biennially, in each strict or oonnty, by the qualified electors of each strict or county, one School Commissioner: said ammissioners to constitute a State Board of Edition, ofjwliich the 8 tale SqperintendsBa shall, * Darfs!i!flNi^fotermin^~by law. :;r Sec. 3. The General Assembly shall, as soon as nctieable after the adoption of this Constitution, ovide for a liberal and uniform system of free " lblio schools throughout the State, and shall also ake provisonfor the division of the State into itable school districts. There shall be kept open least six months in each year, one or more hools in each school district Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the General Asmbly to provide for the compulsory attendance, either .public or private schools, of all children itwcen the ages of six and sixteen years, not lyrically or mentally disabled, for a term equiva- ^ at to twenty-four months. a Sec. 5. The General Assembly shall levy, at each gular session after the adoption of this constitum, an annual tax on all taxable property throughit the State, for the support of public schools, hich tax shall be collected at the same time and ' the same agents as the general State levy, and all be paid into the treasury of the State. There tall be assessed on all taxable polls in the State i annual tax of one dollar on each poQ, the proeds of which tax shall be applied solely to educairinl nnmnspi Nn other noli or sanitation tax tall be levied in the State, nor shall the amount sessed on each poll exoeed the limit given in this ction. The school tax shall be distributed aODg the several school districts of the State, in -oportion to their respective population between ie age of five and twenty-one yeam, &9b religiis sect or sects shall have exclusive right to, or ntrol of any part of the school funds of the State, >r shall sectarian principles be taught in the pub: schools. Sec. 6. Within five years after the first regular ssion of the General Assembly, following the a- * iption of this constitution, it shall be /the duty of e General Assembly to provide for the established and support of a State Normal School, which . alT be open to all persons who may wish to heme teachers. Sec. 7. Institutions for the benefit of all the inne, blind and deaf and dumb, and such other beivolent institutions as to the public good may retire, shall be established ana supported by the ate, subject to such regulations as may be preribed by law. Sec. 8. Provisions shall be made, bylaw, as soon i practicable, for the establishment and maintenicc of a State Reform School for juvenile offen:rs. Sec. 9. The respective districts or counties of ie State shall make provisions, as may be deterined by law, for all those inhabitants who, by ason of age and infirmities, or misfortunes, may ive claim upon the sympathy and aid of society. Sec. 10. The General Assembly shall provide r the maintenance of the State University, and i soon as practicable, provide for the established of an agricultural college, and shall appioprie the land donated to this State for the support : such a college by the act of Congress, passed uly 2, 1866, or the money or scrip, as the case ay be. arising from tho sale of said lands, or any nds which may hereafter be granted or appropned for such purposes, for the support ana mainnance of such college, and may make the same a ranch of the State University, for instruction in piculture, the mechanic arts, and the natural liences connected therewith. Sec. 11. Allthepublicscheols, colleges and unijraities of this State, supported by the public akoll ko froo and Anon all tho ohildronand juths of the State, without regard to race or color. Sec. 12. The proceeds of aD lands that have jen or hereafter may be granted by the United tates to this State, and not otherwise appropriasd by this State or the United States, and of all jids or other property given by individuals, or ppropriated by this State for like purpose, ana of 11 estates of deceased persons who nave died withut leaving a will or heir, shall be securely invest1 and sacredly preserved as a State school fund, [id the annual interest and income of said fund, igether with such other means as the General As:mbly may provide, shall be faithfully appropria,'d'for the purpose of establishing and maintainig free public schools, and for no other purposes r uses whatever. The reports were made the special order for alf past -12 o'clock, Thursday, when, on modem, ie convention adjourned. [continued on second page.] _ . a?* A venerable lady of a celebrated'physkaan, ne day <acting her eye out of the window, obserer her husband in the funeral prooession of one of is patients, at which she exclaimed: "L do wish lyhusbana would keep away from such processus?it looks too much like a tailor carrying home is work."