Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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p , A % % LEml^;,?RIS^ |abi^tni jantilj) Bctopptr: /or % |rojfioit"rf"% fcfifcal, gfltiid, ^grindtttra^aitb CgmmtiriaJJiittmta tf % Sim^. ~' ~ {TK VOL. 14. YOEKYILLE, S. C., THIJESDAY, JANUARY 33, 1868. NO. 4. . 1 1 ^mlm MWjMgggggglMgg^llgMMggM; ' ? ?hc ftegto in SPEECH * i OF HON. JAMES BROOKS, OF N. YORK, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, OH THE THIRD RECONSTRUCTION BILL, PASSED DURING 1867. IS THIS, OR IS IT NOT, A WHITE MAN'S GOVERNLMENT? ( My objection to this bill rises far higher than | y mere details; it is to the whole principle | throughout, from beginning to end. My theory, , my principle, and, I believe, the principle of the ] Democratic party, is one before which all other is- | sues?tariffs, currency, taxes, armies, navies, all f mere questions of the hour?dwindle into compar- j ativo insignificance. They are but passing ques- s tions, which live to-cby and die to-morrow. The | only real living issue, towers above all these; and r that is, is this, or is it not, a white man's government?" ~ ] You have deliberately framed a bill to overthrow , this white man's government of our fathers, and , to erect an African government in its stead; and , it is because you have done this that I resist and j protest against it, again and again, and from the ( beginning to the end. ^ THE NEGRO IS NOT THE EQUAL OF THE WHITE MAN. j - ??? *? Arttml aP fVio vhifA mnn. I JLI16 UCglU 13 UUI> IUB BV|UU1 vt vuu .. u... , , much less his master, as yotfr bill makes him; and j this I can demonstrate anatomically, physiological- ( ly, and psychologically, too, if necessary. Vol- t nmes of scientific authority establish the fact; I t might "pile Pelion on Ossa," to demonstrate it, if this were a hall of science for such discussions, or if there were time for such discussions here. All r that I have opportunity to do here is, in the few- a est words passible, to set forth scientific facts. The r negro man differs more from the white man than i a white man from a white woman ; and the differ- c ence is essential, organic throughout, from the r crown of the head to the very sole of the feet? a The negro is a different creature, with a different f brain, and different structural organization, and in a every respect inferior to the white governing man. ^ THE HAIR OR WOOL OF THE NEGRO. f The very hair which crowns his head is not hair, e but it is wool?wool, and wool only. [Laughter.] ? He who will take the trouble to examine it through f the microscope, micrometer and microtome, will t see that its structure is that of wool, and not of hair. The hair of the white man is cylindrical; t the section under the microscope appears perfect- 1 ly circular, and provided with a medullary canal; i while the wool of the negro is flattened, so that its J section exhibits an elongated ellipsis, in the axis of e which no medullary canal is seen. It is this late- i ral compression which affects the peculiar frizzing c of the hair, owing to its not taking place exactly in- the direction of the longitudinal axis of the hair, but ascending in spirals, so that the hair re- f sembles a spiral spring, which always returns to c its shape when drawn out.?(See M. Pruner Bey, c de la chevelure comme caraderisque cles Races hu- g manes, Carl Voght, et alias. ] THE SKULL, THE BRAIN, THE NECK, THE FOOT, ETC. t The difference is not only in the hair, but it is in I the whole anatomical structure of the head, inside t and outside. Tne negro's face projects like a muz- s zle, and the teeth arc obliquely inserted, so that t their edges meet as at projecting angles. The de- t velopment of the jaw (prognathism) is in direct c relation or proportion to the intellectual capacity a of a people, the prognathous being confined to the t lowest races of men, among them the negro. Their ( cranial capacity is different The volume of an American or English head is in cubic centi-metres 1,572.95, while that of a negro born in Africa is only 1,371.42, and the place oocu pied in relation to cranial capacity and cerebral weight correspcpds t with the degree of intellectual capacity and civili- ^ zation. The weight of the white man's brain is j greater than that of the negro. The convolutions of the brain are different The anterior and frontal lobes of the white man show a far better mental development All these assertions are maintainable by high German, French and English, as well as American authority; but this is not the ulace nor the hour for metaphysical or psycholog- 1 ical discussions. Every feature of the white man 1 and negro differs. The nose is different. The j nostrils of a Caucasian form two nearly rectangular J triangles, the hypothenuses of which are turned outward, whilst the septum of the nose forms a ( perpendicular line common to the two triangles. On taking a similar view of the negro, the nostrils present only a transverse aperture, or the figure of ^ a horizontal eight united in the middle by the na- t sal septum. The form and size of the mouth, the < shape of the lips and cheeks are very different ^ The apish chin of the negro differs very essential- t ly from that of the white man. The facial angle i of the distinguished writer, Camper, amounts in i the negro to 70.75 deg.; it may sink to 65, whilst c in the Caucasian it is rarely below 80, and fre- ? quently a few degrees higher. The negro's skull e is thicker than the white man's; the cervical mus- 1 cles more powerful; and hence the negro carries i ' his burden on his head, and, like a ram in a fight, a uses his skull. The negro's shoulder differs from f the white man's. The negro's hand is larger, his t fingers long and thin, palms flat, thuuib-balls s scarcely prominent. "All the characters of his c hand," says Carl Voght, "decidedly approach a those of the Simian hand." The leg, the calves r of the leg, all differ from the white man's. "The J femoral bones, as well as the fibula seemed curved a outwards, so that the knees are more apart from s each other than in the white." The pelvis is or- I ganically different "The foot of the negro," says ( Burmeister, "is in everything ugly?flat, of a pro- t jecting heel, a thick, flabby cushion in the inner i cavity, with wide, spre ading toes. The middle i nart of the foot does not touch the ground." 1 Voght, the German physiologist, calls it "the foot < of the gorilla, or, if you please, the posterior < hand." I cite these facts to show that it is not ] the skin alone that parts the white from the negro i race?not the dermis, or epidermis, or pigment 1 therein. I could not respect myself if I judged I a race inferior to my own because of its color only, 3 for color may be but an incident or accident of life. "We have brunettes, as well as blondes, and both ( among the most beautiful of our race. The Egyp- ] tian is not white, scarcely is the Italian or the ] Spaniard, in whose veins courses Mooorish blood. ] The negro is no more of a colored man than Cau- ] casians are colored men. I neves use the absurd ? words, "colored inen." The negro is a negro, and ] only a negro?of a type, a race of men as different , from ours as the Hottentot, or the Bushman. God 1 has created us anatomically and physiologically 1 different in almost all respects, so far as we can j judge, never intending us to be equally of kindred t men; and though of one blood, He has detennin- 1 cd the bounds of their habitations, and never as- ( suredly determined that an inferior race from Af- ] rica should govern, as set forth in this bill, here, y in America, a superior race of men. 1 AMALGAMATION OR MISCEGENATION IN A GOVERN- 1 MENT COPARTNERSHIP IS GOVERNMENT DES- I TRUCnON. ( After entering so briefly, and, necessarily, so imperfectly, upon the anatomical and physical distinc- ; tions that part us from the negro, a discussion ' which might be extended to any leugth, I now ask 1 the attention of the House, in as few words as pos- i sible, to certain historical facts?for thi^ experi- 1 ment of negro equality is no novelty in history. < Wc are not the first negrophilists who have trodden over the old ground of amalgamation and miscegenation, and hence we have nothing new to offer in it or to expect from it The experiment was tried hundreds of years ago, and it has been tried in our own time, and in our own generation too. I will not allude to Hayti, where the negro is so wise that he will not admit the white man into the government of that country, or even allow him to hold real estate there. I will not allude to Jamaica, where the negroes have managed their local government so badly that the British authorities at home have taken the power of self-government from them, and re-deposited it in the crown through i British Governor and council. But I will go a little further, and show from the great history of the world that the negro has not the capacity of government or of any species of popular government, and that, or whenever the superior race has jhared government.with him, destruction has been the tot of both. i [ HE MULATTO WITH WHITE BLOOD IN HIS VEINS. I speak not now of the mulatto, because the mu latto with white blood in his veins oflen has the intelligence and capacity of a white man. But for violating a law of God, that all are to bo punished ffho indulge in a criminal admixture of races, so :hat beyond the third or fourth generation, there an be no further mulatto progeny, I would admit he mulatto to the right of suffrage?if I could do ,t without violating that law, or without establishng a principle which would be fatal to my own ace. I recognize the mulatto's intelligence and opacity, with our white blood flowing in his veins; md I know that he is often the equal, and someimes the superior of some white men. THE CONGO NEGRO, ETC. But the Congo negro, the Dahomey negro, the legroof the Southern States, is no brother of ours, md God never made him for our brother. 1 do lot say that he is only a higher species of the anhrcpoid apes?as some say; but 1 do say that the turang-outang is as intelligent as many of the Bushnen of Southern Africa, and that the chimpanzee md the gorilla, in their forms of creation, wonderully represent the ignorant and brutalized negro; 1 md I will add, that if we are to. degrade this great 1 [overnment of ours into a Southern negro Congo ( government, it is as well to take into the partner- ; ihip the ourang, the chimpanzee, and the gorilla, ' is to go into this partnership with the sons of Con- 1 jo, Soudan, and Dahomey?the native lands of : hem all, apes and men. I do not meau, in what I have said, to refer to ] he mulatto, or quadroon, or octoroon, whose intel- \ igonce I respect by virtue of the white blood that uns in their veins, but to the pure Congo negro. ( L admit him to Dea "man, outneisnoin Dromsr" if he is a "man," and I will never consent to di ^ J ride self-government with him, or to degrade our ?wn noble, historical race to his low level. THE NEGRO UNCHANGED AND UNCHANEGABLE. ( The negro is the same, and has been the same, > 'or four thousand years. While all other races? ( >urown race?emerging from barbarism, have been , onstantly improving, the negro in Africa, is to be , ieen now just as he was in the earliest perjods of j Egyptian record. In the frescoes or amid the ombs of Egypt, four thousand years old, in all : >robability, the negro there exhibits the same picured life he lives in now. His tough skull and J trong muscles of the neck are carrying the same , mrthen that he carries to this day. He was then ( he servant of the Egyptiau man?the yellow man i if Egj'pt?just as he is the servant of the Caucasim now. As Virgil described the race some two , housand years ago, when he wrote of an "Aunt , jhloe" of his day, even so is the negro now. Afra genus, ton pntrlam testante figure, Tortn commit labroquc lumens, et fusca colorem, ' Pectora lata, jaceus inammis, com press lor ttlve, I Cruribus exlliis, spatiosa proUlga plunta; Continuls rimls culeanea scissa rigebant. I quote C-owper's translation, and I trust you, i ir, will the more enjoy it, as coming from an old 1 ibolition friend, who would not have a slave to till 1 lis grounds: < "From Afric she, the swain's sole serving maid, < Whose lace and form alike her birth betrayed: With woolly locks, lips tumid, sable skin, Wide bosom, uddere nacld, belly thin, I Legs, slender, broad and most mlshappcn feet Chopped luto chinks and parched with solar heat." Tkio IB rlifl /inB/Mnnti/Mi mi?nn \\x? Virffil imrt fllAllQ Jill 15 AO VUV U^ilJ^UVU gllVU UJ T iiga hi v v.?v?u rnd years ago; and that is the appearance of the legro to this day. In his own native laud he has lot improved, and he never will improve, save as le comes in close contact with civilization, and is breed to exercise his naturally imitative powers. JIVILIZATION AND CHRISTIANITY HAVE NOT CHANGED HIM. Four thousand years ago, then, he was exactly vhat he is n^w (Anno Domini, 1807), and what he :ver will be, save as he comes in contact with the iivilization of a superior race. The Egyptians, vhose genius created the pyramids, the Sphynx, ;he obelisk; the Carthagenian, whose soldiers, unler Hannibal, surmounted the then horrid Alps? oiled over the Campagna of Rome and the plains >f Capua; the Roman, whose arms and whose arts smbraced the whole world?all have brought their iivilization and their arts before the negro race, rnt all in vain. The Church had holy foundations n Carthage, in Gyrene, in Alexandria, throughout ill Egypt, and far, far up the Nile, and ascetics rom Upper Egypt, clothed in the wild raiment of he Baptist, wandered forth in sheep-skins and goatkins, and dwelt in deserts and ou mountains, in ' lens and caves, to bring the negro to Christ, but ill, all in vain. Pagan, savage, cannibal even, the 1 iegro in his own native home, for thousands of 1 ears, has defied all civilization, all Christianity, ' ind, only when in close individual contact with the 1 iuperior race, is the negro then improved or ini- J >rovablc. lie clings to his grisgris, jujus, feti;hism, with as much pertinacity as he did hunIreds of years ago. But a wondeful imitative ge- 1 lius is that of the negro. It display itself surpris- 1 ngly in music andin a variety of our culinary arts. 1 When associated with the white man the negro, :hrough his faculties of imitation, becomes, in many )ccupations, almost the equal of the white man. But, when left to his own guidance, as in ITayti, in Jamaica, or in the Upper Egypt, he returns to (lis barbaric tastes, his grisgris, his jujus, the feusch, etc., etc. S'O NEGRO rOETS, NO ARCHITECTS, NO GREAT MECHANICS, ETC. 1 Where, Oh! tell me where, sir, has the pure hooded negro, unassisted by the white man, exhibited any of the triumphs of genius? Where nave we found that race producing a Ilomer, a Phidias, a Praxiteles, a Socrates, a Demosthenes, 1 Virgil or a Milton, or a Shakspcare ? Where las it produced any great architect like Michael \ngelo? Where any great poet? Where any icroic soldier like Alexander, Caesar or Napoleon? , Where any wonderful mechanic ? What negro, of lure blood, ever started a steam engine, or a spinling jenny, a screw, a lever, the wheel or the pul- 1 cy? What negro has invcutcd a telegraph, or 1 liscovered a star, a satellite or an asteroid ? What i legro ever constructed a palatial edifice like this in vhich we are assembled?these Corinthian col- 1 linns?these frescoed walls ? Negro history makes no mark in the great world's progress. That history is all a blank, blank, blank, sir. The negro :an never rise above a certain range of intelligence. The children of the negro, up to ten or fifteen fears of age, may be as bright and as intelligent as white children. They acquire knowledge as rapidly, but after that early age the negro youth does not advance as does the white youth. While the white man is increasing in knowledge till the day )f his death, the negro reaches, before the age of maturity, a point beyond which he cannot well ad- d vance, in anything save in the arts of mere imira- s< tion. p Mr. Garfield. Will the gentleman tell lis who lo Euclid was? ra Mr. Brooks. Does the gentleman mean to inti- ai mate that Euclid was a negro ? Why, sir, he had not a particle of wool on his head. si Mr. Garfield. He was only an Abyssinian. p THE LESSONS OF LIFE?THE ARABS FIRST. P Mr. Brooks. Now, Mr. Speaker, I am about to in show further, that wherever there has been an ad- w mixture of a superior race with the negro, the ut- cr ter deterioration and degeneracy, if not the des- s], traction, of the dominant race has been the remit ai Look at the history of the middle ages, wheii the T men of our race were involved in mental dar -.nejis, tl when even the priests could not read or write, and 0i when books were not printed. At that time the a< Arabs had almost all the knowledge and learning 0 m the world. Under the banner of their prophet S they started from the holy city of Mecca, and ti swept along the whole Northern coast of the MchI- < ( iterranean, by Alexandria, Carthage, and beyond E the Pillars of Hercules; aye, carrying over the ft Sierra Nevada of Spain, into the beautiful valley u of the Grenadian La Vega, their wouderful arts, aj as well as their victorious arms. They constructed tl the magnificent Alhambra; they created the Alia- U! zars of Seville aud Cordova. Our countryman, tl Irving, in glowing prose, with thoughts that tl breathe and words that burn, has pictured their in marches and conquests, and their arts as well as tl their arms. The whole Christian world shrank 01 and trembled before the mighty genius of this A- bl rab race, while it was overrunning Spain and tl threatening Europe with downfall. But in an evil C hour they who had planted the noblest banners of te poetiy and of prose, of philosphy and of histo:ry, fr in the front rank of the learning of the world; they h; who had invented the science of notation and a( taught us decimals; they who had created aigenra m and given it the Arabic name; they who had meas- g, urcd the heavens in their astronomy, and given bl the very names we now use to the stars and am- e( stellations that sparkle in the skies; they who lie- n< queathed to us the Arabic named Almanac (the tl diary), the little work now indispensable in every ti< man's house?alas, they mingled the blood of their Jj heroic race with the Nubian?the negro?with the rt' negro?with the inferior and degraded races of Af- ci rica all about them, and they rapidly fejl from JJ their exalted position into the degraded pool of >] races with whom they had commingled. Those tl once heroic Arabs were driven fron Grenada, r.nd lingering awhile upon the coasts of the Mediler- ^ ranean, they re-fled into Africa, dishonored, degra- e, ied, destroyed, by forgetting their Arab nobility, g] oud becoming Nubians, negroes, and other infeiior races of Africa. g THE OTTOMAN TURKS NEXT. * Years afterward there sallied forth from Asia, a] that great storehouse of nations, the Ottoman jf rurks, under the banner of the Prophet, and their w orescent swept over almost the same breadth of p, territory that the Arabs had gone over before jy them. If they paused at the Pillars of Hercules cr in the West, their sciinetars flashed in the East, f0 under the walls of Vienna, and swept off every ]iv- jj, ing man that showed himself on the open plains of Austria or Bohemia. But alas! they entered upon ^ i-Via on inn ilncn-irlnrl nrimn nf amaliramatinn und . _ ?& ? ~ ? o tniscescnalion. and they soon emasculated thopc mice heroic Turks, the approach of whose crescent ^ had made the Christian tremble in every court of ^ Europe, and upon every navigable internal sea. In their harems, the thick lipped woolly-headed negro woman was mixed up with the beautiful Circassian j*1 and Georgian, and children of all hues and colors ? and races were the product of this hateful misteg- ? enation; and God?even the God of Mohammed? -1 has punished the Moslem by his own depredation . and his overthrow for violating the first law of na- n. ture?the preservation of the purity of race. The 51' crescent no more waves in terror under the walls of Malta, as pirate, or corsair; no more affrights re on the Adriatic, or the Danube; but trembles in m doubtful existence on the Sea of Marmora. I, my- w self, have seen, in Constantinople, around a mosque ar where the Sultan was at prayers, some thirty or re forty beautiful Circassians and Georgians of his . harem, kissing the hand of a eunuch, an Ethiopi- f1 an, a negro selected from the interior of Africa, as the custodian of these women, and who thus had 61 become their master. The moment the Turk thus 80 associated himself with the negro, or negress, and ?* recognized him or her either as brother or sister, sc from that hour the Turkish Empire began to cram- m ble, until now it exists only by the toleration of ^ the Christian powers of Europe. . ^ THE MOORS AND THE NEGROES NEXT. Let gentlemen, then, but study the history of et the Arabs, in their mixture of races; let them V1 but study the history of the Turks; let them but ^ study the histoiy of Morocco, if they will ever take y( the trouble to study at all, and they will see what p] a fatal stop they are taking now in equalizing un- jn natural races, or rather, in subjecting the superior af white race of the South to negroes from Africa.? j> Muley Ishmael was Emperor of Morocco, al>out g, I860, and he had a negro as well as a Georgian 0j Wlie, Decween wnoui anu uiuera weru uuru irum (j. him?the historian records?eight hundred chil- g, dren, the last born when he was near eighty years p< of age. This Muley Ishmael, in order to do what n( you in this Congress are doing?that is, to enforce g, a military despotism upon his people; neglected m the Moors, and enlisted an army of one hundred fr thousand negroes, obtained, from the coast of ag Guinea. Through civil war and bloodshed, and 0f for over one hundred years, as you will find in the p] history of Morocco, written by Chenier, the Moors ^ were in the most miserable condition a people could be in, almost all the time under the power D( of these negroes, these Janissaries, these Pretorian ^ guards of the Emperor, and they never ceased in ^ their insolent demands and pretensions. It was w not till 17S0 that these one hundred thousand ne- pj grocs could be got rid of by any device; and then VJ through Sidi Mahomet, by cunning and fraud, they were reduced to fifteen thousand before they ? noted their weakness. It took a hundred years m for the Moorish race to recover itself from the fa- tjj tal crime of Muley Ishmael; and it will cost a l.un- m i * r i?? :v area years 10 recover :ruui your mgiaiuuuu, u uue yC people continue you in power another election. u] rire latin-spanisii and Tire anglo-saxon race at as settlers on the american continent. "j But I need not go to the Mediterranean?I need th not cross the Atlantic?to show the fatal step you pc arc taking by this reconstruction bill in going :nto of this copartnership with the negroes. Our conti- th nent has been settled by two classes of incn?An- bi glo-Saxon, Celt, and Teuton in the North, and the Ti Spanish-Latin race in the South. God never bi made a nobler race of men than the old Hidalgos th of Spain, who, under Columbus, in a little caraval tii of forty tons, started on the trackless Atlantic in ed search of the then unknown America. God never "1 made a nobler race, I repeat, than these Hidalgos dr of Spain. What did they do? They ran all along in, the Gulf of Mexico, from Florida on the North to to Cape Horn on the Southern verge of South Araer- rii ica. They settled Mexico and Venezuela, New th Grenada and Chilli, and Peru, and coasting all the w< Northern Pacific, imprinted the holy classic names as of old Spain upon the now golden mountains and cit wine-covered valleys of the State of California.? co They climbed the snow clad Cordilleras, and plan- ai: ted their banner on every hill and every valley of M Mexico, Peru, and Chili. They drove Montezu- id ma from the halls of his Aztec ancestors, and un- bo er Cortez and Pizarro, Peravian, Mexican, and v imi-bnrbarian civilization fell before the mighty c rowess "of their arms. Their heroio deeds, their I fly chivalry, their Christian loyalty now read J lore like the romances of a Froissart than as they f re, the true records of history. * t Our Anglo-Saxon fathers started later from the 5 lores of England, and landed upon the rock of lymouth, or upon the flats of Jamestown. The uritan himself, trembling over his rock for awhile I i terror of the tomahawk, ventured at last on hat was then deemed gigantic heroism. He ossed the Connecticut and the Hudson, and A owly crept up the Mohawk, and halted for years g id years upon Lakes Erie, Ontario and Huron, fi he cavaliers of Jamestown threaded their way up v le river James, stealthily wound over the passes d i1 the Alleghanies, and looked down at last with a (tonishment and affright upon la belle riviere of a hio. But all this time these heroic Hidalgos of s pain were spreading the name andrihtne of Cas- v le and Arragon throughout the whole American t mtinent, from Florida on the North to Cape p [orn on the South, and from Cape Horn to Caliirnia, while our Anglo-Saxon race stood shivering l pon the Ohio and Lake Erie, without the cour- ? ;e to advance further. What, sir, happened t len ? What has produced this difference between n s and the lofty Hidalgo? Why are they fallen, J lese men of the Armada, so exalted among all Q ic nations of the earth, who made our ancestors, a t the days of Queer. Elizabeth, tremble on the t irone? Why was it that in the Mexican war t ie regiment of our Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, Teutonic lood, again and again, put whole regiments of c lesc once noble Hidalgos of Spain to flight at g hapultepec, the Garita, and elsewhere ? I will a 11 you why, sir. The Latin, the Spanish race, g eed from that instinct of ours, which abhors all ^ ybrid amalgamation, reveled in a fatally tempting Q Iniixture of blood, indulged in social and govern- t lental copartnership with Aztecs. Indians, ne- r oes, one and all. The pure blood, the azure 8 ood of the old Hidalgos of Spain, lost and drain- r 1, dishonored and degraded, has dwindled into ? ithing, while the pure blood of the Anglo-Saxons, v ie Celts, the Teutons, abhorring all such associa- c on and amalgamation with the negro or the In- j, an, has leaped over Lake Erie, crossed la belle e vicrc, the great father of waters, the Mississippi, j owded the mountain passes of Colorado, Utah, ? evada, and Montana,- rolled over the Rocky v lountoins, and spread for hnndreds of miles on c ie Pacific Ocean, carrying, not only there, but c rerywhere, triumphant, from the Arctic to the j ntarctic, the glorious flag of our country, that c nblem of a pure race, and ever contrasting the e ory and honor, the prowess of that race, with s ie degradation of the race of these once noble ) [idalgos of Spain. t Sir, you are on the eve now of an association j id copartnership with a like inferior raoe, which, j the people do not drive you from this capitol, t ill be destructive of us all, as has been a like co- e irtnership to the Spaniards, the Turks, the c loors and the Arabs. I have recalled these sa- a ed lessons of history, and I hold them up to you t r your admonition and warning. Heed, Oh! a aed! Strike, but'hear I c I have here, sir, and will publish in a note, a c ble of the different admixtures of races, which c ivc brought about the utter degradation of the ? like nice lu parts of Spanish America, and I i Did them up to you as what you are legislating to a ake of us. Now, sir, this may be the last time in this Con- ' ess when I shall have an opportunity thus at i ngth to address a white audience upon the floor I ' this House. [Laughter.] Aye, you are so ? urrying up this reconstruction, as you call it, that a ie African will soon come down from your galle- f es, and make his appearance here upon the floor, o de by side with you, as a man and a brother, t Ie is soon to be within you, and a part of you, a v presentative upon this floor. I tell you, gentleen, that you make a fatal political mistake, for it c ill not be acquiesced in by the Northern people, t; id your violent, revolutionary acts here, will be fc isisted in the elective tribunals elsewhere. In v der to obtain a few additional negj-o representa- e vc votes upon this floor from the South, you are oparding the domination of your party in the eat North and West The Northern people are iund upon the subject of race, and where ethnol- n iy is discussed scientifically in the primary as- o imblies of the people, they will become more and ii ore sound, and become more and more converts u i the principles I have been laying down to-day. t< ut I know, sir, that it is vain for me to invoke n ie majority of this House to pause. I have too 1 'ten sent forth vain invocations here, and appeal- n 1 to the majority of this House in vain and in a tin. But, thank God, my voice and the voice of t ie few bold compatriots around me have gone be- I ind this capitol, and been heard among the peo- n Ie, who have responded by rolling up majorities h our favor, such as we did not dream of so early e 'ter our vain appeals to you here on this floor, h ut if you blacken this House this session of Con- e ess, it will soon be whitened by the Democracy h ' the North and the West It cannot be that d od inspired Columbus to the discovery of this fi eat New World only to drive out Pcquads, Chip- si jwas, Mohawks, Pottawatomies, Sioux, Cheyen- n is, to sustain here a government of Congo ne- ri oes from Africa instead. It cannot be that Al- n - - ^"LViAof WAA/1 ^1 igniy wisuuiu una gumereu iicre mc utsi uiwu u ora all the nations of Europe to be overwhelmed " i Spanish blood has been, by the basest mixture f< ' Aztec, Indian and Congo negro. But to you, u edged, manacled to party, and loving party more a ian you love country, or God, or man, I know I p teak in vain. A voice even from the dead would h >t now change a single opinion here, but we shall p ! heard and heeded elsewhere.' Posterity will n ndicate our foresight History will do us justice a hile a grateful country is already sending in its g audits^of "well done, good and faithful ser- n mts." 1 o V&* A Paris letter to the London Star notes a- a ong the incidents of the day the reform which s< e Austr ian band has succeeded in effecting in the p artial music of France. For the last sixteen a ars the Parisians had no other patriotic air than si Partant pour la Syrie," but the other evening, h the Cirque de l'lmperatrice, the demand for b La Marseillaise" was so pressing, so violent, that a e Austrian band, yielding to the shrieks of the- n loplc, struck up that splendid, that most warlike o tunes, the melody of which went ringing through a e house as a spirit-moving strain, with all its tl irsts of rich harmony and its mournful wailings. ir uly the enthusiasm of the public was indescriba- tf e. Thousands of people were there exulting in e harmony of that long-suppressed song, beating ne to its rhvthm. and shouting in their full-heart- ^ iness of admiration. The correspondent says:? n [ understand now why the present government c* eads allowing this popular and military air be- w g played and sung in the streets of Paris or the ? wns of France. The effect of it is most stir- h ig and irresistible. I understand also why, in a e Crimea as well as in Italy; why, at Malakoff as s< ;11 as at Solferino; why, on the barricades as well d< on the battle-field, this national tune, this ex- e< ;ing ditty, produced such exultation among the mbatants. Of all national songs, of all marching lo rs, none has a more maddening effect than 'La G arseillaiscnone is more appropriate to awake ol eas of slaughter, of vengeance, of sabre clashing, d: diets flying, horsemen charging, and standards e< raving. And this may perhaps explain why most if the papers of the opposition now express the lope that French authorities, having allowed the Austrian band to play that patriotic tune, the same avor will be granted to all musicians in this coun^ if ty Ipscritaiimsi fteadiag. TERRIFIC SCENE. Three hours Combat with an Elephant.? Ir. Hyatt Frost, of Van Araburgh's menagerie, ave us, yesterday, the particulars of a terrible ght with Tippo Saib, the well known elephant, rhich occurred at Connorsville, Indiana, on Tuesay last The menagerie went into winter quarters t that place, and the colossal animal is chained in small building, where he will be kept till the how season opens next year. Tippo Saib, by the ray, is the largest elephant in America. He is hirty six years old, and weighs ten thousand lounds. The battle with Tippo resulted from a change in lis keepers. Frank Nash, his keeper for ten years, ras recently supplanted by Charles Johnson, fornerly of Barnum's menagerie. The elephant will lot accept a new master without a battle, and Mr. rohnson folly prepared himself for an encounter. ?he elephant was in a particular bad humor with 11 mankind. He would allow no one in his quarers, striking at every intruder with his trunk and usks most viciously. On Tuesday morning last, at ten o'clock, the ombat opened. The riew keeper, with nine asistants, had fully equipped himself with chains nd cables for tying, and spears and pitchforks for ubduing Tippo. The first thing done was to fasen a brick-bat to the end of a rope and throw it iver the end of the tusk chain, which latter is fasened to one leg and one tusk. By means of this ope, a twenty ton cable chain (formerly used to ubdue the famous Hannibal,) was slip-noosed aound the tusk. Next, an excavation was made hree feet deep under the sill of the house, and vhile the elephant's attention was attached to the ither side of the house by a pail of water poured nto his trough, the chain was passed through the xcavation, and fastened to heavy stakes outside. U1 this time the infuriated animal struck all around lim with terrific ferocity, and tugged at his chain rith incredible momentum. The next thing acomplished was the snaring of his legs. This was onsumraated by slinging fresh ropes around those wo stately pillars of elephant flesh, bone and musle, and finally, by the stealthy Strategy of the keepir and another man, these ropes were fastened to tumps outside. The elephant was now sufficienty pinioned to allow the order, "charge pitchforks" o be given. Ten men armed with these ugly ira)lemcnt8 of offence, plunged them into the ram mging beast, taking care, of course, not to penerate his eyes and joints. The tenderest part of an ilepbant is just behind his forelegs, and in thutloality he was probed unmercifully. By means of l hooked spear sunk into his back T?ppo was nought to his knees; but he surged up again with uch awful strength, that he swept his tormentors iff their feet, and made his chains whistle like fidlle strings. After an hour's fighting he was brought lown on his side ;'but for two hours longer, he tug;ed at his chains with phrenized obstinacy. He ;uHcvl no lmrU air titirco tIn>C"<iiry,TiukI l?g? n eto traight out behind him, three feet off the ground. At the end of three hours, the giant gave in by 'trumpeting," which is the elephant's way of cryng "enough." The moment this peculiar cry was leard the battle ceased. The keeper made Tippo jet up and lie down a number of times, and he was s obedient to the word of command as a gentle tony. The animal was then groomed and rubbed ff with whiskey. He allowed all manner of liberies without so much as the flapping of an ear. He ras a subdued elephant. At ono stage of the fight the dog, "Jack," a ompanion of the elephant, thought some of the ying business foul play; he flew upon Johnson's ack and tried to sink his fangs into his neck, but pas pulled off and dragged outof the room. "Jack" vidently sympathized with his monster friend. Cincinnati Commercial. A Word About Cooking.?Cooking is not aerely "the art of providing dainty bits to fatten ut the ribs," as the scornful old proverb has it; t is the art of turning every morsel to the best ise; it is the exercise of skill, thought, ingenuity o make every morsel of food j'icld the utmost lourishment and pleasure of which it is capable. ?o do this, or to legislate for the doing of it, does ot depend on the amount of money spent; the amc qualities of character are demanded, whether be house keeping be on a large or a small scale. L woman who is not essentially kind hearted canot be a comfortable housekeeper ; a woman who no tint inrlormnnt. firmnflss. forethnueht. and cren WW WWW JUWQU ?VMVJ Q , Q ral good sense cannot manage her house prudent! or comfortably, no matter what amount of raony she may have at her command; a woman who as not an eye for detecting and remedying disorerliness and carelessness cannot keep her house resh and pleasant, no matter how much money be may spend on furniture and upholstery. It is ot money but management, that is the great iquisite in procuring comfort in household armgements. Of course, nobody asks impossibilies; none but the Jews ever yet succeeded in making bricks without straw," and even they iund it difficult, and lamented wearily; but the roman with limited means may make her things s perfect after their kind as the woman with anile means, only she ill be obliged to put more of erself into the management, and that element of ersonality has a charm which no appointments lade through the best staff of servants can pos2ss?it is a luxury that money cannot buy, and enerally hinders. The luxury of completeness lust always depend on the individual skill and care f the mistress. That a thing should be perfect ftcr its kind is all that can be required. Bacon nd vcuison lie at opposite ends of the economical jale; but if the woman whose means allow her to rocure bacon only is careful to have it so dressed nd served that it is as good as bacon ought to be, lie has attained the only perfection required at her ands; and it is the higher qualities brought to car on a common action which give to the result beauty and value not its own. We are all so luch creatures of imagination, that we think more f the signified, than of the actual fact When man sees his table nicely set out, he believes in le goodness of his dinner in a way that would be npossible with the self-same dinner on a soiled iblecloth with a slovenly arrangement No one Like a Mother.?A poor old woman y upon her sick bed in a close, uncomfortable >om, with a daughter and little grandchild to take ire of her. But whom do you think this aged oman called for all the time, and longed to have ime and nurse her ? It was1 'mother"?her own lother. "0, there's nobody like mother to take ire of you when you are sick," she said. A perin present asked how long her mother had been cad. ''About fifty years, I reckon,'' she answerL Do you think you will remember your mother's iving care for fifty years? No doubt you will, if od spares your life. You may think a great deal F it then. This woman's children and grand-chilren had grown up about her, but her heart reach1 back over all that waste of years to the time when she was a child at her mother's side. It was for "mother," "mother," that our poor boys, in tent and hospital, called and prayed, when sick and wounded they were laid down to die. 0, there is nobody like a mother in love and care for us. What return are you making every day for all she does for you ? Do your feet run willingly to do her bid- ; ding, as'soon as it is known ? Do you try to save her trouble, and lighten all her burdens? 0 nothing in this world can do it so effectually as to know that her children are growing up good and noble, and useful in the world! COMMODORE VANDERBILT'S NERVE. The New York correspondent of the Hartford Press writes the following about Commodore Vanderbilt: Now that Commodore Vanderbilt has obtained control of the New York Central road, it is the general impression in railroad circles that the stock will advance to a higher figure. I am informed by ono who knows, that he personally owns seven million dollars of the stock. His wljole property is valued in round numbers at thirty-one millions. He is now importing, at the cost of one hundred and sixty dollars per ton, steel rail for the Hudson River road, and expects to have the entire track relaid with them in one year's time. For some time the great ambition of the Commodore has been to own or control a through line of railroad from New York to Chicago. He has now taken a long step toward the attainment of his object. One great secret of the Commodore's success in life has been his nerve. At times, when his speculations have been against him, he has held on until matters have come round to him. The following story is told as an illustration of bis nerve. He was very fond of card-playing. On one occasion, while traveling down the Mississippi river, he was surrounded by one of the gang of gamblers which, in ante-bellum times, infested the father of waters, and invited to play "poker." He accepted the request It was the game of these professional gamblers, when they had got hold of a victim, to keop "going him better," until the large 6ums -at stake would frighten him from "calling," and thus insure them the "pool." They tried it on the Commodore. First one would bet a few thousand, and others would see that sum and go several thousand better. Finully the- amount in the pool had increased to a sum far in excess of the ready funds which he could demand. The Commodore, however, had no intention of being "bluffed" off. He saw their game. Calling a negro, he asked him if he would jisV the nrmtain down. The cantain aDDeared. when the following conversation ensued: Commodore?Captain, canyou tell me who owns this boat ? Captain?I do, sir. Commodore?What do you call it worth ? Captain?I cannot tell exactly, but I should say thirty thousand dollars. Commodore?Will you take that sum for it? Captain?Yes. Commodore?Very welL I am Commodore Yanderbilt, of New York. Then writing a check for the sum, added: "Here is my check for thirty thousand dollars. It will be honored at our first stopping place." Having done this, the Commodore turned round to the table and said to the gamblers, "I see the l??t ?nn>inU ?kuU gvU -tcitot- tv iiro tJAttrtlG Of tilLf ' boat." The gang was not prepared for this coup <T etat. They were not able to "see" the Commodore's "rise," nndjic, consequently, coolly swept off the contents of the "pool." We reckon no Mississippi gambler ever attempted to "bluff" Commodore Vanderbilt after that A Woman Claimed by Two Husbands.?The Rochester Express has an account of. a singular case that has occurred in that city, in which one woman was claimed as a lawful wife by two husbands, each of whom had been legally married to her?the last marriage taking place when the first husband was believed to be dead. The facts arc these: Two young men were very friendly to each other. One of them had a wife for whom he cherished all of a husband's regards; the other was an ardent student and experimenter in scientific matters, and a bachelor?having devoted himself to perfecting a scientific instrument to demonstrate a formula, which he had conceived in his mind. On the outbreak of the war, the young married man went into the army; and before doing so exacted a promise from his friend that in case he , was slain, and never returned, he, (the friend at , home) would marry his wife and give her a permanent homo and support. With this assurance j that his wife was provided for, the soldier went to the war. After a while report came that he was j killed in battle, and his wife mourned for her lost . husband. He did not return, at all events, at the j end of the war, and after due space was given to , mourning, the promise given to the absent and t L...nnA^ai1 *A CnT/Uo** TTTOQ fll ? . ouppuccu iv iaj uwwu-a?vi oviviivi nuw a uuiiivu i vmv ? widow became the wife of the husband's friend, | and their joy was crowned by the birth of a handsome child, on which the parents doated. j There is another incident in this so far simple j tale, which gives it greater interest Soon after ( the soldier marched to the Sonth, the student was ( taken sick in his forlorn dormitory, and he was be- 1 lieved, by his physician, to be very near death's { door. He must have careful and constant nursing or must inevitably die?with the longing of his soul unfulfilled. In this emergency, the soldier's | wife, who was earning her livelihood by sewing, { was called in. She went to the lodgings of the 1 young man?in a block in the centre of the city? i and there nursed him through the fever, and back 1 to convalescence, and labor. In this way the lady j had established a claim on her own part to the ful- < filment of the pledge given in friendship for her [ husband. ? Now comes the conclusion: A short time since < the long absent soldier re-appeared, explained the ? reason of his long absence (the circumstances 1 which detained him wc have not learned), and i claimed his wife. The second husband was loth 1 to surrender his wife, who was the mother of his 1 child, also, and he declined to give her up. The i question as to which had the best right to the wo- t man was submitted to a legal tribunal. On the last s day of 1867, the court decided that the first mar- s riage was binding, and the wife must pass to the f former husband?a decision which all parties are c understood to abide. What become of the child i we have not learned ; but of course, the father 1, will have the best right to her custody. , c . 1 A Horrible Cannibal Story,?A horrible tragedy is reported from the Island of Fiji, South Seas. The lie v. Thomas Baker, with an assistant i missionary and six native teachers went to visit i; some inland tribes, and he and his party were bra- r tally murdered by one of the tribes, who are des- a cribed as the most confirmed cannibals. The writer o says: "In this town (Longtown) there lives a noto- t rions cannibal, with whom I had a little converea- j tion. He pointed me to a.pile of human bones in t thefork of an orange tree under which we were sit- f ting, and assured me that he had eaten the men c of which each bcfae there was a representative, and 1 that he had kept these bones as a memento of his e cannibalism. Many other things did this inhuman 1 wretch make known to me, and his oountenance, i and more than ordinary worn teeth, only helped to f convince me that he had literally been a bone- c crusher. To have listened to this man's state- \ ments and told, too, in the presence of those who could have contradicted them if false, would have removed forever from the minds of some the idea that Fyians are not lovers of human flesh. This vile cannibal confirmed that, as fot eating, nothing was comparable to human flesh, not even fowls on pork." BETTING ON BABIES. The editor of the Columbia (Pennsylvania) Spy, relates the following pleasant incident: A short time since, two prominent and influential business men of Columbia, got into conversation on the compare tive,,merits of their babies, each one saying that he had the best baby, and the conversation waxed warm on this point The matter was finally left to three disinterested persons, and the decision was to; be given at an oyster supper, the party whom the oommittee decided against paying for the same. It is well enough to state here that one wa^t'male and the othwfcafemale." The babies were<^hdufy examW^tgr the committee. Their finely drawn features/capacity for milk and Winslow's syrup, good looks, weights, health, lungs, goodness, and gentle qualities, and number of sleepless nights they had caused their fathers?all these were inquired into and taken into consideration by the' committee chosen for the pursose?one of them a gray haired veteran, who had reared and dangled on Ms knees many a baby, declared that he was a good judge and rather liked his mission. After all this had been gone through with, nothing was now left hut to partake of the supper, which was prepared by- mine host, Black, of the Washington House, a short time after; and tuch a supper?oysters in every conceivable style, with all the necessary accompaniments. After full justice had been done to the elegant banquet, the committee made the following report: "We, the undersigned, having been appointed to examine and report on the first fruit of Mr. ? **and wife, and the last fruit of Mr. and wife, , would respectfully report that, after examining the babies of the respective parties, the committee are of the unanimous opinion that Mr. and wife have the finest male child, and that Mr. and wife have the finest female child. The committee are, therefore, of the opinion that Messrs. and shall bear an equal proportion of the expenses of this great banquet, &c., , as both parties have done admirably, and Ahe committee hope that they will continue their efforts, and Any out the scriptural injunction, to increase and multiply." [Signed by the Committee] HOW MUSRRATS SWIM UNDER THE ICE. Muskrats have a curious method of traveling long distances under the ice. In their Winter ex- . cursions to their feeding-grounds, which are fee- ' qnently at great distances from their abodes, they take in breath at starting, and remain under the water as long as they can. They theq rise up to the ice, and breathe out the air in their lungs, which remains in bubbles agaiiist the lower surface of the ice. They wait till this air recovers oxygen from the water and ice, and then take ft again, and go on till the operation has to be repeated. In this way they can travel almost any distanoe, and live any length of time under the ice. The hunter sometimes takes advantage of this habit of the muskrat in the following manner: When the marshes and ponds where the musk rats abound are first frozen over,* and flie fee is thin and dear, on striking into their houses with his hatchet for the purpose of setting his traps, he frequently sees a whole family plunge into the water and swim away under the ice. Following one of them for some % distance, he sees him come up to renew his breath in the manner above described. After the animal has breathed againstthe ice, and before he has time to take his bubble in again, the hunter strikes with his hatchet directly over him, anddriveshim away from his breath. In this case he drowns in swimming a few rods, and the hanter, cutting a hole in the ice, takes him out Mink, otter, and beaver travel under the ice in the same way; and hnnters have frequently told me of taking otter in the manner I have described when these animals visit the houses of the muskrat for prey.?Th$ Trapper's Guide. Alabama and Georgia.?It is said that members of Congress have been making efforts to have the Convention of Alabama re-assemble, so as to make the new oonstitation less obnoxious, and thus secure its ratification. The Montgomery (Ala.,) MaU says the Radical candidate for Governor has been to Washington, where he was very severely denounced by the Radical leaders for preparing a Constitution so obnoxious to the Radical taste, and was advised to go home and undo the work. The Mail seems to think that there is a probability that the Convention will come together igain. Meanwhile, the people throughout the State, opposed to the ratification of the so-called institution to be submitted to the people on the 1th of February, are organizing Conservative dubs ind preparing to defeat the bogus document at the . _11_ . 30113. In Georgia, the opposition to the Convention las already commenced. The newspapers are urgng upon General Meade to order the publication )f the vote of the several counties of the State up>n the question of calling the Convention. The rote has never been made public, and there are some raspicions concerning its conoealment Hospitality- among Lions.?Chenier, in his 300k on "Morocco," relates this:?"I have been issured that a Brebe who went to hunt the lion, laving proceeded far into a forest, happened to ncct with two lions' whelps that came to caress lim. The hunter stopped with the little animals, ind, awaiting for the coming of the sire or the lam, took out his breakfast and gave them a part rhe lioness arrived, unperceived by the huntsman, >o that he had not time, or perhaps wanted the jourage, to take up his gun. Alter having, for some time, looked at the man who was feasting ler young, the lioness went away, and soon after -eturncd, bearing a sheep, which she laid at the luntsman's feet. Thus become one of the family, le took the occasion of making a good meal, skinled the sheep, made a fire and roasted a part, . m . .a n-H if jiving tbe cncraus to tne young, xne uon came, ilso, and as if respecting the rights of hospitality, bowed no tokens of ferocity. Their guest having inished his provisions, returned the next day, and ame to the resolution never more to kill those anmals, the noble generosity of which he had so fuly proved. He caressed the whelps at taking leave >f them, and the dam and the sire accompanied lim till he was safely out of the forest." I 4 t Quarreling.?If anything in the world will nake a man feel badly, except pinching his fingers n the crack of a door, it is unquestionaby a quarel. No man ever fails to think less of himself iter it than before. It degrades him in the eyes f others, and what is worse, blunts his sensibiliies on the one hand, and increases the power of tassionate irritability on the other. The troth is, he more peaceable and quiet we get on, the better or neighbors. In nine cases out of ten the better ourse, if a man cheats you, cease to deal with lim; if he is abusive, quit his coppany; and if he landers you, take care to live so that nobody will lelieve him. No matter who he is, or how he nisuses you, the wisest way is to let him alone; or there is nothing better than this cool, calm and iuiet way of dealing with the wrongs we meet rith. .