Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, December 19, 1867, Image 1
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"VOL. 13. YOEKVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1867. NQ. 34,
t* * > ? ?
THE LOST WILL;
OR,
MY UNCLE'S GHOST.
The scenes I am about to describe occurred about
the year 1860 to a respectable family by the
name of Culverton, in Orange county, New York.
The Culvertons had lived in the old family mansion,
and epjoyed the revenues of the family estate
for many years, without the slightest doubt that
they had a right to it, when suddenly there started
up, from goodness knows where, an individual who .
laid claim to the property, and seemed likely to .
prove his claim to all but the Culvertons themselves.
It was certain, Jabez Hardy was the nearest rel- 1
ative, and certain that Mrs. Culverton was only a '
grand niece of Hiram Hardy, deceased; but the 1
Culverton'8 had lived with the old man for years, |
and he had promised, time and time again, to leave
them everything. He had even declared that his
will was made in their favor; and that such a doc- 1
umcnt was actually in existenoe, Mr. Culverton 1
(wild nntdnnht: hut dilizent search had been made J
in vain, and Jabez Hardy, whom the old man nevk
er saw, was to take the place of people he loved so
t fondly, and who had been his comfort in his last
w moments.
"It was a shame!" said every one.
"A cruel, wicked thing 1" sobbed Mrs. Culverton.
And Mr. Culverton, who had never expected a
reverse, was quite crushed as the pending lawsuit
progressed.
A thousand times a day he said:
"How providential it would be if tJnole Hiram's
will would turn up at this moment"
"I wonder how he can rest, poor man, with such
injustice going on."
But no matter what they said, or how they managed,
no wiH was found, and Jabez rubbed his
hands in triumph.
It was strange that while matters were in this
condition, one so deeply interested in the subject
as Mrs. Culverton necessarily was, should dream
of anything else; but dream she did, night after
night, of an entirely different subject
Inevitably, for a week at least, she had no sooner
closed her eyes than she found herself in an intelligence
offioe, full of employees of all ages and (
nofinnc and to fWrtfi wif.h a Plfl of Km all Stat
ure, with white Scotch features, and singular blue
eyes, wide apart and staring, who desired the situation
of cook. 4
p At first she did not like the girl, but in every *
dream she found her aversion vanish.
After a few moments' conversation, as invaria- ?
bly, it had began to melt when the girl looked at
her and said: 1
"I'd like to hire with you, ma'am.'-' f
It was always the same office?always the. same ?
girl?always the same words were uttered?until
Mrs. Culverton began to think there must be some- s
thing in the dream. (
"Though it can't come true," said she, "for
while Johanna remains here I shall never hire an- i
other cook." y
And just as she said this there was a scream in
the kitchen, and the little errand girl ran in fright- i
ened out of her senses, to tell how Johanna, lifting c
the wash boiler, had fallen with it and scalded herself.
Mrs. Culverton followed the young girl into the ?
kitchen, and found Johanna in a wretched condi- i
tion ; and the doctor being sent for, she was put to
bed and declared useless for her domestic capacity
for at least a month to come. A tcmporaiy substitute
must be had, and Mrs. Culverton that very 1
wpnf. to New York to find one at the in- (
telligence office. <
Strange to say, in the bostle, she had quite for- {
gotten her dream, until she suddenly stood face to
face with the very girl she had seen in it A small 1
ft young woman, with very singular blue eyes in a i
white face, and whose features betrayed Scottish
origin. She had risen?this girl?from a seat in
the office, and stood before her, twisting her apron J
strings and courtesying:
*Td like to hire with you, ma'am," she said.
'Die very words of the dream, also. Mrs. Cul- i
verton started, and in her confusion could only say:
"Why?" i
The girl blushed.
"I don't know," she said, "only it seems to me, J
I'd like to live with you." I
It seemed a fatal thing to Mrs. Culvcrton, but '
she put the usual questions and received the most
satisfactory answers, except as to references. i
"But I can't employ you without a reference,"
said Mrs. C., knowing that Fate had decreed that
this girl should take a place in her kitchen.
"If you can't I must out with it," said the girl.
"There's my lady's name, ma'am. She will tell
.you I'm honest and capable; but she turned me
off for frightening the family."
"How?" asked Mrs. Cul verton.
"Seeing ghosts!" replied the girl. "Every day
I saw a little child in white playing about the house;
and all said there was no such child there, though
ft there had been once, but he was dead. Mistress
said 1 pretended to see it for the sake of impertinence,
and she discharged me; but I knew by her
trembling that she thought I had seen a ghost.
I went to a doctor, and he called it optical delusion,
and said it would soon pass away; and sure cuough,
I have not seen it since I left the house."
It was a queer story; but "Mrs. Culverton believed
it, and before she left the office, had hired
Jessie to fill Johanna's place, for the space of one
month from that day. That evening she came, and
went to work with a will.
"Dinner time Dassed comfortably, and tea time
came. The Culvertons never ate anything but a
biscuit or cake at this meal, and cups were handed
about in the sitting room. Jessie came in at the
appointed hour with her tray, served evciy one,
and then stood smiling before Mrs. Culverton, as
she said:
"Please, ma'am, let me pass you, the old gentleman
has not been helped. Yes, sir, in a minute."
"The?old?gentleman!" cried Mrs. Culverton.
"Yes, ma'am?behind you in the corner, there,
please."
"There's no gentleman, young or old, there,"
V said the lady. "I can't imagine what you took
for one."
The girl made no answer, but turned quite white
and left the room. Mrs. C. followed.
At first, she could extort no explanation, but by
and by the girl declared she saw an old gentleman
sitting in an arm chair in the corner, who beckoned
to her, and she fancied in a hurry for his tea.
What did he look like?" a.ked Mrs. Culverton.
"He was thin and tall," said the girl?"hishair
was white and very long, and I noticed that one of
his knees looked stiff, and a thick gold-headed cane
beside him."
"Uncle Hiram!" cried Mrs. Culverton; "upon
my word you've described my great grand uncle,!
who has been dead for twenty years."
Jessie began to cry.
"I shall never keep*a place," she said. "You
will turn me away now."
"See as many ghosts as you please," she said,
"as long as you don't bring them before my eyes,"
and went back to her tea without saying a word to
any of the family on the subject, although she was
extremely mystified.
i
Sarely, if the girl had ever seen her uncle Hiram?which
was not likely, considering time?she
must have seen something in the ghost line, and if
indeed it were uncle Hiram's spirit, why should he
not oome to aid them in their trouble ? Mrs. Culrerton
had always had a little superstition hidden
in her soul, and she soon began to believe this version
of the case.
The next morning she went into the kitchen and
shutting the door, said to Jessie:
"My good girl, I do not intend to dismiss you,
? be quite frank with me. I do not believe that
;hese forms are optical allusions. What do you
;hink ?"
"I think as you do, ma'm," said the girl. "Our
iolks have always seen ghosts, and grandfather
tiad the second sight for ten years before he died.'.'
"If you should see the old gentleman you told
ne of, again," said Mrs. Culverton, "be sure and
ell me. I'll keep the story from the young folks,
in/? Mi- Pnlpprfnn wnnlH nnlv lancli at it: but
rou described my dear old grand-uncle, and my
)elief is you saw him."
The girl promised to mention to her mistress,
wything that might happen; and from that day
m interchange of glances between them and a subeqnent
conference in the kitchen was of regular
xxmrrence. The girl saw her apparition seated
>n the sofa in the parlor, seated at the dinner telle,
walking in the garden, and so life-like was it
hat she found it impossible to refrain from passing
dates and cups and saucers to it, to the infinite
imazement of people who saw only empty air in
he same spot
By and by she invariably spoke of her ghost as
he old gentleman, and was no more affected by bis
iresence than by that of a living being. If it were
tn optical illusion, it was the most singular on re?rd.
But all this while?ghost or no ghost?the figire
never spoke, and never did anything to help
he Culvertons in their dilemma, and the lawsuit
?as nearly terminated without the shadow of a
loubt in Jabes Hardy's favor.
In three days all would be over; and the Culverons
who had earned their property, if ever morals
did. bv kindness and attention to their aged
elatives?whom they truly loved and honored?
rould probably be homeless.
One morning Mrs. Culverton set over her breakast
after the others had left the roomH thinking of
his when Jessie came in.
"I've something to tell you ma'm," she said.?
There's a change in the old gentleman."
"What do you mean ?" asked Mrs. Culverton.
"I've seen him twice at the foot of my bed in
he night," said the girl; "and though always beore
he has been kind and pleasant looking, now
le frowns and looks angiy. He beckons me to go
iomewhere, and I don't dare?in the night time."
"You must," said Mrs. Culverton. "I know
ie'll come again; and I'll sit with you all night
ind go where you go. It may be of great use to us
ill, Jessie."
"I shan't be afraid ma'am, if I have company,"
said Jessie in the most matter of fact manner, and
sarried out the breakfast things.
All day they never spoke on the subject; but on
etiring, Jessie found her mistress in her bed-room
vrapped in a shawL
"I'm ready, you see," she said. And Jessie
nerely loosened some buttons and hooks and lay
town dressed.
Ten o'clock passed?eleven?twelve. Mrs. Culrerton
began to doubt, when suddenly she saw
Jessie's eyes dilate in a most peculiar manner, and
n an instant more the girl said,
"Why, here he is, ma'am."
"There's no one there," said Mrs. Culverton.
"Oh, yes, ma'am! I see him," said the girl.?
'He's in great excitement, ma'am, he's taking
rat his watch to look at it, and the chain is made
)f such bright yellow hair, I thought at first it was
50M."
"His wife's hair," said Mrs. Culverton. "It
ivas buried with him. You see dear old uncle Hiram.
Does he look at me ?''
"Yes, ma'am," said Jessie.
"Uncle," said Mrs. C., "do you know me after
11 il 1 on
m cnese yearn i
"He nods," said the girl.
"Have you come to help us?dear uncle?" said
:he lady.
Uncle Hiram was described as nodding very
tindly and beckoning.
"He wants us to follow him," said the girl, and
ind took up the light. The moment she opened
the door, Jessie saw the figure pass through itMrs.
Culverton still could see nothing.
Obedient to the girl's movements, Mrs. C. descended
the stairs and stood in the library.
The ghost paused before a book case.
"He wants mc to open it," said Jessie.
"Do so," said the lady.
"He signs to take down the books," said the
girl.
And Mrs. Culverton's own hands went to the
work. Book after book was taken down?novels
and romances, poems and plays.
A pile of volumes lay upon the library carpet
and still the ghost pointed to the rest till they were
all down.
"He looks troubled, ma'am. He seems trying
to think," said the girl. "Oh, ma'am, he's gone
to the other case!"
And so, to cut a long story short, the four great
book-cases were emptied without apparent result
Suddenly Jessie screamed,
"He's in the air. He's risen, ma'am, to the
top of the case. He wants me to climb up."
"Get the steps, Jessie," said her mistress?and
Jessie obeyed.
On the very top of one of the cases, covered by
cobwebs, she found an old German book, and
brought it down.
"This was there," she said.
Mrs. Culverton took it in her hand; from between
the leaves dropped a folded paper, fastened
with red tape and sealed.
1 '? ' ? * j ?J ?
J.ne may pich.ua it up uuu icuu uu mu uuiciw
these words:
"The last icill and testament of Hiram Hardy.''
For a little while she could only weep and tremble
; soon she found words.
"Uncle," she said, "in the name of my husband,
and my dear children, I thank you from my soul.
Does he hear me, Jessie ?"
"Yes; he nods and smiles," said the girl.
"Will you let me see you, uncle ?" said Mrs.
Culverton.
"He has gone," said the girl. "He has kissed
his hand and gone."
And so he had, for good; for from that moment
he was never seen again by mortal eyes.
Nobody believed the story of his appearance.?
But the will had been discovered, without doubt,
and the Culverton's were no longer in danger from
expulsion from their old home. There they lived
and died, and Jessie remained until she married;
and all her life received every kindness from the
family, who were indebted to her singular peculiarity
for their comfort and happiness.
Whether uncle Hiram's spirit really came back
to earth or not, it is a question; but Mrs. Culverton
always asserts that it did, and quarrels with
every one who ventures to doubt the assertion.
"We must never undervalue any person.?
The workman likes not that his work should be
despised in his presence. Remember then, that
God is present everywhere and that every person
is his work,"
IpswHattMUS fUatfiw*.
" *
| From the Southern Home Journal.
LIFE AMONG THE CHEROKEES.
BY JAMES M. BUCHANAN, JR.
One of the most pleasant recollections of my life
is that of the days spent among the Cherokee Indians.
during the latter part of the year eighteen
hundred and sixty-three, and the months of January
and February, eighteen hundred and sixtyfour.
Indeed, those days will be cherished by me
during my whole life, and the happy moments I
spent in the wilds of the Smoky Mountains will be
remembered as the "sunny time." The manner
in which I enjoyed myself with those original beings,
and the many anecdotes of their trnly original
life, (not so poetical as some writers have made
it,) but truly original in simplicity, have made a
lasting impression on my mind.
Before proceeding further with my narrative, I
will describe the country inhabited by these Indians,
and tell something of the manner of theirKfe.
They are settled in the Districts near Qualla
TVtto in .Tnnlrc/in Pnnnfr. !nnrl filqn in Hflvwood
and Cherokee Counties,) Georgia, on small farms
consisting of about thirty or forty acres each, and
these farms are principally worked by the women.
The Indian men hunt the mountains near by for
the deer and bear, that abound so plentifully in
that wild country.
The women are the real workers of the soil?
The male portion of the community would consider
it wrong, or in other words dangerous, to infringe
on this time-honored right of their women.
It has been a long established custom of this rude
people. The men sometimes work, but seldom;
and when they do, it is not characterized by earnestness
and good will. On the contrary, their province
seems to be hunting, and they will go off to
the mountains and remain six or seven days at a
time, living on parched meal, which, by-the-by, is
a food that kills both thirst and hunger. I will
here relate an old tradition among the Indians,
that clings to their recollections even at this late
period. It runs thus: "In olden times, when a
wedding was about to take place, all the Indians
were gathered together around the happy pair, and
after much singing, (or in other words howling,)
the fair bride handed her 'lord and master' an ear
of corn, and in return he handed her the leg of a
deer, and the ceremony was consummated amidst
the wildest excitement." Now to them there is a
reason for this strange proceeding, and when I
asked the old chief what it meant, he explained it
to me: "The handing the ear of corn by the squaw
meant that the woman would stay at home and
cultivate the ground, and attend to the house, &c.
And the handing the leg of the deer meant*that
the man would procure the meat by hunting;" and
by this means of equal labor, food was provided
for the family.
rm 11 i_l O ?
xne ianus are weu uikuii ixuv ui, uumc ui mc
Indians (women) lay up much com and fodder for
the winter, and equal, if they do not surpass, many
of the poor white farmers of- that desolate region,
in economy and frugality in their household affairs.
The Indians are very proud of their hemes, and
in "their settlements," as they term their lands,
they have their own laws and regulations, and I
can in truth say that they are very just in their
ideas of right and wrong. If they have not a
Blackstone or a Kent to refer to, and show to them
"the riguts of persons, and private wrongs, &c,"
they certainly have a good friend in their adopted
chief, Colonel William H. Thomas, (of Stekore
Fields, the name of his farm in Jackson county,)
to whom they refer all their trials and difficulties,
and they are sure to get redress. This gentleman
has done much towards the amelioration of the
Indian character. His untiring efforts in their behalf
have been the cause of their advanced civilization,
and his good works among them will certainly
be remembered by their children's children,
with pride and heartfelt gratitude.
One of the most remarkable of their pastimes
witnessed by me, was their "danceand when I
saw them gathered around a large log fire, joining
hands and singing in their loudest manner, I could
not help thinking of their careless happiness. I
felt as if I must take a share in their innocent frolic,
and when I did so, they seemed delighted.
Sometimes they spend whole days in enjoyments
of this kind, and now, that they have religion among
them, they often meet at the "Mission
TT/Mioa " onr? nfivir tVlpirTpliinnilS areOVer
they have "a dance."
Although they know, as yet, very little about
the Bible, they love to have its teachings explained
to them, and listen attentively to the reading.
The Bible has been translated into their language
of late years.
The women come well supplied for these religious
feasts, and think nothing of wearing three
dresses at a time, so that they can appear in a new
dress each day of the feast. They take great pleasure
in appearing in red?in any other color that is
bright and gay; a piece of looking glass for a
breastpin; brass ear-rings, and a red head-dress,
generally complete their toilet "These are their
charms."
I had the curiosity to attend the funeral of a
very old Indian former, who in truth did die of a
good old age, he being over ninety years, and I
must say, it was conducted in qui tea Christian-like
manner. They first procured a few boards, from
which they made a coffin or box, in which they
placed their dead brother, with much care and sorrow.
After some gestures over the body by one
of the older members of the tribe, probably a
chief, they lowered the coffin in the grave, allowing
the top to be even with the ground. They then
placed some dirt and stones loosely on the coffin",
and around the grave, they built a fence, over
which they placed a covering of brushwood. They
then departed in silence. I wondered why they
were so careful in arranging the grave, &c., and
on asking an old Indian, lie informed me the reason.
He said, "It was their custom never to bury
one of their tribe deep in the ground, for fear he
might not be quite dead, and as to the fence, it was
built to keep the wild animals away."
The Indian character is a pecular one, and my
sojourn among them gave me a good insight into
their real dispositions and habitd. I found that
they generally were united in their likes and dislikes,
and I observed that when you offended one,
the dissatisfaction spread through the whole tribe,
and his quarrel was made the quarrel of all. They
were very dangerous when aroused, and I thought
treacherous, (I had always read that they were,)
and I feared them whenever I saw any signs of anger
on their countenances. They never sought,
however, to do me any injury, although I was often
left with fifty or sixty of them in the mountains
alone, and sometimes had neither salt nor
potatoes to give them for several days. They
treated me kindly, nevertheless, and would willingly
eat their deer and mountain trout without a
murmur.
Another characteristic of the Indian is, that
when he takes a fancy, he is a true friend, and will
willingly share his meal with you, and do all in his
, power to make you happy.
; lean never forget their kindness to me when
they found that I was far away from home and
friends. After a day's hunt, when the game was
being divided among them, they always reserved a
: share for me, and would accompany the gift with
; many kindly expressions. One of them called me
i the "Wandering Star," because I was so far from
home; and when I told him about New York and
other great cities, his eyes grew very big, and h<
shook his head in doubt.
The Indians that served in the late Confederate
Stales army (those that were under my immedi
ate command I can speak for,) of course did no!
understand the issues that the two sections of the
country were trying to maintain; but I can trulj
say that the larger part of them did all in their
power for the cause they espoused, and fought only
for peace once again to their homes.
It was this result that they thought they were
fighting for, and many of them lost their lives
in it j defence. They were true to their homes and
firesides.
After the war they willingly returned to their
allegiance to the United States Government, and
wouild as willingly take up arms in defenoe of the
^ vt -Aix All A1 l
government as tney cua against u. au tney asx
is a hunting ground and a resting place.
From De Bow's Beview.
MEMORIES OF THE WAll.
Neither the Southern nor the Northern people
seem to have been prepared for the startling events
which followed upon the election of Mr. Lincoln
to the presidency. The South had threatened dissolution
so long, and had talked so much of the
right of secession from the Union, which they
threatened would occur on each fresh invasion of
their rights, that the North had long since learned
to regard it as the old ciy of wolfl wolf! in the
fable. Yet the wolf did at last come, and as much
to tie surprise of one section as the other.
We traveled to the North and witnessed many
of the exciting scenes which preceded that evermemorable
election. We heard the angry and bitter
denunciation of the South which was common,
and saw those vast processions for which there
seemed to be not space enough in the cities, which
took the name of "wide-awake," and whose banners
and transparencies were inscribed with the
most, terrible threatenings against our people.?
Still the more thoughtful and leading men with
whom we conversed, though they recognized and
lamented the danger, would never admit for a moment
that the South would do otherwise than sullenly
protest and submit as she had ever done before,
and the less considerate would grow angry upon
the mere suggestion, and boastingly assert that
the South could not be kicked out of the Union.
Thei-e were leading men, too, and men who controlled
powerful newspapers, who admitted the
justice of our complaints and the realities of our
danger, and said that if we desired to withdraw
from the Union they could not complain, and that
no serious obstructions would be interposed. A
distinguished leader even went so far as to say, if
the Union upheld slavery, let the Union Blide.
Even Mr. Seward, who was recognized as the organ
of Mr. Lincoln, after the States began to secede,
continued to protest that there was nothing
serious in it, that in a few weeks harmony and order
would be restored again, that it was a mere political
ruse, and the President-elect, himself, turned
it all into a merry joke, and never oould laugh
enough in adverting to it, or cease to find consolation
that nobody was yet hurt. Even Southern
men who were at the North that summer, in their
conversations, were forced to admit that the chances
were very much against any action at home. The
people had not recognized the presence of the danger,
and could not, most probably, be prepared to
strike before it was too late. They would, therefore,
acquiesce. In this opinion all the merchants
who had heavy amounts due by the Southern people,
and of which disunion and war would prevent
the collection, seemed heartily to acquiesce, and,
so fai from restricting their operations, they continued
to make large consignments to their customers
almost up to the commencement of hostilities,
and it is creditable to the Southern merchants
to know that almost universally these goods were
paid for when hostilities had ceased, although the
amounts had once before been paid to their own
governments.
As an evidence of how little the chances of war
were regarded; when we reached Washington
City on the return home, we were called upon to
address a large crowd of citizens, and when we
spoke of Southern armies being brought into the
field to resist Northern aggression and invasion, a
gentleman present in the audience, who was a United
States Senator from a north-western State, rose
and expressed his regret at what had been said;
for, in point of fact, an invasion of the South was
an impossibility. "Come what will," he said,
"you may assure your people that when an army
attempts to cross your frontier to their harm it will
be resisted and kept back by a stronger army ol
our own peopleand yet this Senator was found
afterwards in command of a Northern regiment
devastating the South.
Y/c were in South Carolina when the news ol
the election of Lincoln was received, which seemed
to the last moment not to be seriously expected.
We were in front of one of the leading newspaper
offices at Charleston when the people, flocking together,
read the announcement. It was elever
o'clock in the day, and no one knew what would be
done. The crowd grew larger and larger. In a
few moments some one cried out to raise the old
colonial flag, and it was understood that a partj
went in search of it Before, however, it arrived,
others had prepared a large white sheet on whicl
a nide palmetto tree and a lone star were daubed,
and as it rose aloft and was unfurled in the breeze,
a shout went up to the skies which was answered
by the gathering of thousands. A moment aftei
it was announced that the Judge of the Federal
Court had refused to preside again, and that regarding
the Union at an end, he and the other officers
had resigned. Thus the ball of revolutior
was set in motion. It was action without concen
and spontaneous. That night the whole city war
out-of-doors, and great torchlight processions paraded.
the streets and serenaded the officers. Beinf
a visitor at the house of the Judge that ovening.
we were called out by the crowd. Never were
there such times in that old city. We remained
there several weeks. All business was suspended,
Excited crowds were gathered at eveiy corner, and
even on board the ships in the harbor, which were
addressed by more excited speakers. Palmettc
flags or lone star flags waved everywhere. Greal
meetings were held in the public buildings, ai
which throngs of ladies were seen, who waved
handkerchiefs and showered bouquets upon th(
speakers. Delegations came down to meet then
from other towns, and even from other States, anc
such was the resistless character of the curren
that it was now evident to everybody at home thai
South Carolina, at least, whatever other States
might do, would secede, and that at once, fron
the Union.
Meanwhile, the other States to the south anc
south-west of her were equally active, and the peo
pie everywhere seemed to be moving with oni
spirit in what they regarded the holiest of causes
Public meetings and assemblies of every kinc
were held in all the villages and counties, at whicl
the most exciting speeches were made.
Anger.?-Never get angry, It does no good.Some
sins have a seeming compensation or apolo
gy, a present gratification of some sort, but ange
has none. A man feels no better for it. It i
really a torment, and when the storm of passioi
has cleared, it leaves one to see that he has been i
fool in the eyes of others, too. A passionate mai
adds nothing to the welfare of society. He ma;
do some good but more hurt. Heated passion
make him afire-brand, and it is a wonder if h
5 does not kindle flames of discord* on every hand
Without much sensibility, afld often void of rea
) son, he speaks like the piercing of a sword, anc
- his tongue is an arrow shot out, and found onlj
t "in the boeom of fools.'' Why should it be indul!
ged install?
r ?
v [by request.]
LETTER FROM BRAZIL.
The following letter was written to Rev. A. A.
| Porter and afterwards published in the Southern
Presbyterian. It is given to the readers of th?
Enquirer at the request of a gentleman of Yori
, District:
"Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 23d, 1867.
11 Dear Sir.?As I am under obligations to you
for information concerning Brazil, I deem it mj
duty to write to you occasionally, from this far away
land. We have been here five months, have
seen a good deal, and experienced much. We
have all had excellent health, lived well, and hope
for good in the future.
"We are all satisfied, and when we receive letters
or see old acquaintances from the United
States, we feel doubly 60. I have sent you by Mr.
TL romp rvmiASj r?f flifl " Rrnrll Rnri/rrntum. Re
porter," which will explain many things about this
, country, which I cannot put in a short letter. Mr.
R. has examined Brazil extensively, and declares
that portions of it surpass all belief. He says the
Province of Minas in vast regions, produces eighty
bushels of corn to the acre, and that well nigh everything
on earth grows to perfection. He is gone
to the United States after his family. Hundreds
of Southern men are here going to and fro. The
countiy is so large that it is difficult to select a
place and make a choice.
"A large part of the eastern coast is very mountainous,
and hence roads are difficult to make.?
Many of us are fully satisfied that railroads are
not desirable in such a country. Pack mules are
used everywhere and are cheaper than railroads.
The natives will not farm if they can help it; and
I do not wonder, for they are accustomed to the
hoe, as the only agricultural implement. The Americans
are introducing the plough with much
success.
"Every profession here is full to overflowing,
except that of farmiug. If slavery were abolished
here, the condition of this country would be bad,
indeed. It is sustained by large plantations. It
is our opinion that slavery will not pass away from
this Empire in many years. Yet the English and
Yankees are at work on that subject here.
"There are more immigrants in Brazil from New
York than from the South. They come here to
get employment in the Government works and are
disappointed, and hence great destitution and dissatisfaction
exist among them. The Southerners
come to farm, and with few exceptions they are
satisfied and contented. They buy large farms and
several slaves on a credit, and go to work as in
former years in the southwestern part of the United
States. They get credit for three and five
years for land, and one and two years for provisions
at wholesale prices. I am thus furnished myself.
"You cannot imagine the confidence existing
here in a Confederate Southerner. They cherish
us as a valuable acquisition to their country.
"Rio de Janeiro is a commercial depot to which
all nations send their best articles to procure the
TTTViaVI tfl l?A?o fliom Nrt VirVlOrO An
gUIU YVliiV/IA ID UC1C ptuu 1VI bU^Uii v T1 uuivj vu
earth, can greater variety and abundance be seen
than in this city.
"We are free to worship, educate, publish, etc.,
here as in any place. It is true, some of the laws
are not so much in our favor as we desire; but if
they are violated, no notice is taken of it. The
rising generation and legislators all favor progress
in religious freedom, and it is astonishing what
strides they have made since they threw off the
power of Portugal.
"It is amazing how cheaply a man can live in
Brazil, if ho desires to do so. Fruits grow all around
us, on almost every tree, and nothing seems
to be poisonous on land or in the sea. We work
and plant all the year round, need but little clothing,
feed no stock in the country, the cattle are always
fat, and a chicken never dies, at least with few
exceptions. When our people learn to live here,
great changes will take place, for we cannot remain
stagnant
"We havo a Presbyterian Church in this city of
about eighty members, and two excellent preach1
ers who preach in Portuguese and English. We
have four services each week. This church is a
slavcholding church, and the only Presbyterian
1 slaveholding church now in the world. We will
' not connect ourselves with for we fear them.''
' "The "Brazil Emigration Reporterto which
my friend refers, is a monthly journal, published
I in Rio de Janiero, in the English language, and
1 edited by the Rev. W. C. Emerson, a native of
South Carolina and for many years a resident of
' Mississippi, from whence he emigrated last winter
to Brazil. It is intended to supply the demand iu
i the South for reliable information in regard to that
i country, of every kind desired by those who are
i thinking of emigration. It is published at five
I dollari a year. All communications should be ad'
dressed to the "Rev. W. C. Emerson, Caixa 254,
i Rio de Janiero." Respectfully yours,
i A. A. P.
A VIRGINIA WEDDING.
I A mnumnnilim* /vP *Vin Vnrlr TTrrnl/1. xrri
I J.X. WllbdpUUUWMb VTA KUV A1VU ....
r ting from Petersburg, under date of the 28th ult.,
I gives that paper the following graphic description
of the recent marriage of Gen. W. F. H. Lee, and
the enthusiasm created by the presence of General
i Robert E. Lec:
t "Not since the memorable event at the apple tree
? near Appomattox Courthouse, which brought peace
to our distracted and bereaved country, has there
; been so brilliant and happy an affair South of Mai
son and Dixon's line as was witnessed here this
! evening. The announcement of the marriage ol
I General W. H. F. Lee to Miss Boiling, daughtei
, of ex-Senator Boiling, of this city, was a matter ol
I the most intense interest to all the late followers oi
s the groom'B father, and attracted a large numbei
> of visitors anxious to witness the happy event. At
t three, P. M., the Northern train, going South,
t brought over from Richmond the bridegroom acI
oompanied by his father, General R. E. Lee, anc
i his brothers, General Custis Lee, General Fits
1 Hugh Lee and Captain R. E. Lee, Jr. The arri
I val of the distinguished party was eagerly lookec
t for, and a large crowd assembled to greet their for
1 ""J Vi?o onno nrvnn Viia fint trici* tn <-Vii
V 111 CI UlilCi auu XMLO OVUO U|/VU mo UiUV VAOXV IV tu\
3 scenes that have long since become historio. Cheei
i upon cheer rent the air, handkerchiefs were wavec
from the balconies of houses by fair hands, andLe<
i was kept with uncovered head while in the car
. riage. The party were carried in hacks to the res
3 idencc of the bride's father, accompanied by Gen
. Mahono and others. It being Thanksgiving Day
1 business was generally suspended, and as the mar
i riage was announced at seven P. M., by six th<
streets leading to the church were thronged witl
ladies and gentlemen, anxious to secure a seat
- Here a large crowd were soon assembled, waiting
> eagerly for the opening of the doors. Number
r of the African element were also present, mixing
s with the whites, but for the most part hanging up
a on the outskirts of the crowd. By eight, thousand
a of all sexes, shades and hues were here, and witl
a the opening of the doors the spacious galleries
y aisles, and the body of St Paul's Church, were fillet
s with a highly fashionable oongregation of the eUt
o of the city. Without, the multitudes, instead o
. lessening, increased, and so great was the jam that
- when the wedding party arrived in a set of hacks,
1 great difficulty was experienced in effecting an enr
trance. The arrival of the hacks was well arran
ged, each having ample time to discharge its precious
freight ere another came.
Couple by couple, in marched the bridal party,
amid the audible congratulations of the crowd, the
happy twain bringing up the rear. Among those
prominent as they approached the chancel, was first
the noble form of General Lee, upon whom all eyes
1 were centred; next the father of the bride, ex'
Senator Boiling; then the sons of Lee and their
beautifully attired fair companions. The scene
here was unusually solemn and impressive, and a
breathless silence pervaded the densely crowded
| church. The ceremony was performed by the Rev.
John Cosby, officiating clergyman, and amid the
most intense suppressed excitement, the bride
! was given to her new lord and future protector
[ by her father. This concluded, tha nwil kissing,
hand shaking and congratulating scene ensued, the
congregation breaking forth into a murmur in the
beginning, but rising gradually to a perfect roar and
tumult almost deafening. Enthusiastic individuals
now pressed forward to clasp the hand of Lee,
or congratulate his happy son, but a decided aver1
sion to public display repelled, in a quiet, dignified
manner, these advances, and as soon as the
pressing crowd would, permit, tne party were again
in their respective hacks, on their way to the res'
idence of Mr. Boiling.
HOW IMPEACHMENT WAS DEFEATED.
The Washington correspondent of the Richmond
Dispatch writes, on Saturday:
Immediately after the reading of the journal in
the House to-day the impeachers exhibited a din
position to again resort to fillibustering, of forcing
their opponents to yield to the demand for further
discussion of the question of impeachment From
a comparison of views, privately,' it was found that
each party was as determined as the other, and
that fillibustering would continue to the end of the
Forteith Congress unless some compromise could
be made in the mean time. Under the impression
that many Republicans who would vote for laying
the subject upon the table would not dare to vote
squarely against the impeachment of the President,
the impeachers proposed that if the motion
to lay on the table should be withdrawn, and a
vote taken dircetly upon the merits of the case,
they would cease farther fillibustering. This proposition
was at once accepted by the Republicans
who opposed impeachment, anda vote being taken,
resulted in r 7 in favor of impeaching the President
and 108 agai .. Ha full House had been present
the impeachers would hay.e had 60 votes and the
opposition 124. During the call of names to-day
the most profound interest was manifested by members
and spectators. As.each member's name was
called, eyes were directed to him until he responded
to his name. No noisy demonstration was
made, but never was a scene in Congress more impressive,
and sensational nevertheless; and when
the result of the vote was declared all seemed to
breathe freer, and all felt as though a heavy weight
had been taken off the body politic.
There is a general rejoicing to-night, and members
of Congress are calling on the President to
offer congratulations. Mr. Johnmn behaves with
exceeding good taste and becoming dignity under
the circumstances.
The Washington Star of Saturday evening says:
. "This decisive vote puts an end to the matter,
beyond any chance of resuscitation. The vote was
taken amidst much excitement, and with profound
silence on the part.of the audience, save when a
bujz ran along the galleries following upon some
unexpected vote being given pro or con. The fate
of impeachment was pretty soon settled, when
men of the prominence, in the Republican party,
of Messrs. Banks, Baldwin, Bingham, Blain,
Dawes, Eliot, Lafflin, Ingersoll, Garfield, Poland,
Spalding, Van Wyck, the Washburns, Welker,
Woodbridge and James F. Wilson were found voting
dead against it
Some vent to the excited feeling was afforded
from time to time by the laughter occasioned by
odd excuses and explanations made by different
members. Mr. Broomall rose to say that his colleague,
Mr. Schofield, was not here, but if he
were here he had no doubt he would vote?right.
[Great laughter.] Mr. Miller, of Pennsylvania,
said he should vote "no," on the ground that the
evidence was not strong enough to sustain impeachment
Mr. Eldridge (Dem.) said that was
precisely the reason why he voted against it
[Laughter.]
Mr. Stevens was not in the Hall when the vote
was taken, but came in subsequently, and was the
last, or fifty-seventh man to vote affirmatively for
impeachment. All the four Washburns, (Cadwal
ader C., of Wisconsin, ElihuB., of Illinois, Henry
D., of Indiana, and W. B., of Massachusetts,)
voted in a row against impeachment
, BUTTER AND CHEESE FACTORIES.
i Forty years ago, the State of New York grew a
i surplus of Grain (Wheat) for exportation, and
> "Genesee Flour" was known and prized in many
foreign markets. Canal-boats took in wheat at almost
every store-house from Syracuse westward
and brought it to Troy, Albany, and this City, for
manufacture and sale. Now, all is changed. The
Genesee valley is no longer mainly devoted to
wheat; even the counties west of Cayuga Lake no
longer grow their own grain. Sheep husbandry,
, once popular, is now on the wane. Dairying is
i rapidly supplanting all other farming in our ru!
ral districts; and wc judge that the next census
I will return thrice the number of cows in our State
reported in that which preceded it by a decade.?
i And even Dairying itself is undergoing a decided
i and rapid transformation, through the introducs
tion and multiplication of factories for the syste
matic and wholesale production of Butter and
i Cheese.
r These factories are located near the centre of
: each radius of three or four miles wherein grass
f and cows abound?usually but one in a township
P as yet, though they are being rapidly multiplied.
A mill-stream and water-power often determine
i the site, though we believe a small engine and
, boiler (four to ten horse,) are preferred to a water
power. A cold and copiQUs spring is well nigh inl
dispensable; a good stock of ice well stored and
: saved, is desirable. A large reservoir (like a cel
lar) is dug in the ground and tightly walled with
I planks ; board platforms extend into this, floating
on two or three feet of water, constantly renewed
; from the spring. In this reservoir, deep pails or
r cans are set and filled three-fourths full of milk?
I they sinking and floating in a like depth of water,
i The milk remains here twenty-four to thirty-six
- hours, when the cream is taken off and churned
- by steam or water-power?six to twenty churns be.
ing operated at once, with no draft on human mus,
cle. The butter thus made each day, from cream
- in the very highest condition, is of such uniform
3 and superior quality as to bring from five to ten
1 cents per pound more than fair farm dairies will
. command. And the milk, thus skimmed, is then
I made into Cheese, rather mild in flavor, but palats
able and of very fair quality. We never wish to
j eat better than some of this, made wholly of skim
uied milk, and sold by the makers at ten cents per
3 pound to their entire satisfaction. It is cheaper
i than Pork, and may be substituted as a staple ar,
tide of diet for laboring men, to their great ad1
vantage and comfort
e The milk is brought in by the farmers of the
f vicinage, weighed as received, and placed in the
cooling vat as aforesaid The farmers generally
receive a dividend of the proceeds; bnt the tetter
plan is fast gaining ground of paying the cash for
it as fast as received; it being speedily tamed into
butter or cheese, which are cash articles. We estimate
that the Dairy product of our State will be
increased at least one-fourth by the general introduction
of these factories, and that the value of
our grass lands will thus be enhanced at least $10
per woe.-?New York Tribune.
PERJURY BY SOUTHER* MEN. j
The case of Mr. Blodgett, who has been indicted
in the United States District Court for perjury, by
a jury composed exclusively of Southern men who
are willing to swear, and have sworn, $at they
gave no aid, comfort or countenance to the South
in her recent straggle for independence, is suggestive.
It does not stand alone. It is bat one, we
regret to say, of numerous instances that illustrate
the loose moral sentiment of the times, and the _
inordinate desire for gain engendered by die transactions
of the war. The temptation to do wrong
was greater than they could bear, and the oppression
of the North at a time of great individual
want and suffering, tending to make hypocrites of
men heretofore considered honest, has hid its full
share in the badness. With very many the argument
has been: the Government has no right to
impose such conditions and restrictions ; I am in
want and must make something for my family;
or, I am rich and want to be richer, and there is
no moral guilt in subscribing to declarations thus
wrongfully imposed, even though it should amount
to ft palpable falsehood, ; "It don't amount to anything,"
is a saying among these men of easy vir1t?6."
. 1 r ? " r'
jt "We know a young soldier who fought bravely
through a goodly portion of the war and lost a leg
in his last battle, who, for the emoluments of a ^ m
village postoffioe, was willing to take an oath that
he had never given aid or comfort to the rebellion.
Another case now in mind-is that of a man advaa1
ced in years, who wears the liveiy of Heaven as a
minister of the gospel oftrnth, vtnd edited a news*
paper in the interest of the Confederacy, t6 all appearances
thoroughly identified with the cause,
and yet for the paltry office of registrar, at fifteen
cents per head, subscribed his name to the iron
clod oath. God help the country if such demoralization
is not frowned upon by an indignant people,
and the Dames of the guilty parties oonagned
to perpetual dishonor.
It is in this way that the avaricious and unprincipled
have seared over their consciences and
brought themselves to do that which under other
circumstances they would at least have appeared
to scorn under fear of public opinion. Fatal argu*
ment 1 It was the tempting of the devil, and die
men who yielded are lost. As the party with
Which they have allied themselves are now all powerful,
and it takes every man of a jury of twelve to
find a verdict, they may not suffer at the hands of
the law. hut in the nubHc estimation?in the eves
of all the virtuous and the good?they are doomed
to everlasting shame.
And it should be so. The retribution is just, for
to perjury, the most debasing and detestable crime
known to society, they have added the still greater
enormity of moral treason against their own countrymen
in the day of misfortune, and, at the bidding
of power, a shameless, cowardly insult to
their conquered banner. ?Macon (Go.,) Telegraph.
4 ? . ?
From UK: Nashville Bonner.
THREE CONFEDERATES IN PARIS.
There are three Confederates now in Europe who
are not adventurers. They ought not to be forgotten
by any one, and so far as this random, off hand
"small talker" can recall them, shall not be forgotten
by comfortable bodies at home, who are too
apt to be unmindful and in grate. We refer to
John C. Breckinridge, Isham G. Harris, and A.
Dudley Mann. A recent letter from Paris makes
mention of the three. General Breckinridge, lives
quietly on the Boulevard Malesherbe, with his family.
He is enjoyiDg good health, and though he
seeks obscurity, cannot wholly isolate himself from
his American friends. He looks with great interest
upon transpiring events both at home and about
him, and confidently expects to baable to return
to Kentucky and resume the profession from
which he was withdrawn so early. Those who do
ot know him would be. surprised to find in a man
who, twenty years ago, was a major in the United
States service, and has since been the most brilliant
party leader of his time, a vice president, a
senator, a lieutenant general, and a secretary of
war, a handsome young fellow turned of forty, with
graceful manners and fifty years of life in him. Before
he is laid on the shelf, New England may secede,
and we may have a campaign in Massachusetts,
in which he and Grant will command a couple
of advancing Union columns! "Governor Harris,""
says the letter from which we quote, "is in Liverpool
He has visited Paris, but he makes his home
in England I see little change in him, except that
his travels and adventures make him more interesting.
Foreign life does not suit him, however.
He is a thorough American, overflowing with activity
and animation, too earnest, too impatient,
for the old world, with its slowroutine and old fogy
notions.'' How natural that is! Who that knowB
the ex-Governor can imagine hitp anywhere "but on
the "stump," waking up the "sovereigns," or in
a saddle riding down the lines amid a shower of
bullets? With Dudley Mann, bred to diplomacy
and foreign life, it is different. Older than his distinguished
friends and companions in exile, he is
quite at home in France, which he loves. He has
a chateau near Chantilly, where he passes his time
in amateur farming, especially interesting himself
in the production of Indian corn. His Gallic neighbors
look with astonishment upon his "roasting
ears," which, fried and served up with truffles,
form a curious and unwonted innovation upon the
French cuisine. He is attended by his son, Mr.
William Grayson Mann, one of the most accomplished
Americans residing in Europe.
Gen. Grant has Defined.?Gen. Grant has
folly defined his political status. His platform
seems to place mm squareiy witn me dacomns.
There can no longer be any reasonable doubt as
to who the Jacobin candidate for President should
be. The Grant platform is one on which all the
Jacobins can agree. But .to the platform. A
Washington dispatch says:
"Some weeks ago a distinguished Jacobin politician
talked with Gen. Grant about the flattering
prospects of the the Black Republican party, with
the view of obtaining some impression; but on the
conclusion of his remarks, the General coolly said:
"What do you think of Marshal Brown's slut's
pups?"
"Marshal Brown's Slut'spup's" will be the next
Jacobin platform and the author of so distinguished
a sentiment, will be the candidate. Who now
dares to doubt the wisdom or Statesmanship of
General Grant?
A slut's pup's party 1 Let General Grant have
the christening of the new party. How does the
Journal like the General's platform? There can
no longer be any quibbhngabout where Gen. Grant
stands.?(0.) Democrat.
W&* An inventor in Canada has constructed an
arrangement by which cars can be coupled or uncoupled
without going between them, or even crossing
the track. The principle is precisely the
same as that in common uge at present, a' link and
a pin. The invention not only prevents all possibility
of accident to employees, but saves much labor,
time and expense. <