Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, November 09, 1865, Image 1
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VOLUME H. .' YORKVILLE, SOUTH CAROLHSTA,lTOSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 9, 1865. .. NUMBER 30.
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Original
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For die Yorkvllle Enquirer.
J>?BB IH2B-A NEW VERSION.
BY UV. JOSEPH B. XAKTlir.
The day of wrath, that awfril day,
The heavens and earth shall pass away,
' As prophets and spool es say.
What fear and trembling will there be,
When all the coming Judge shalisee,
And from his presence none can flee.
The trumpet's blast, untaxing, sound!
Shall wake the dead beneath the ground,
The throne of judgment to surround.
Then Death and Nature with surprise,
- Shalt see a countless hast arise,
To meet their sovereign in the skies. ;
Tba written books, the mighty scroll,
Containing deeds of everyjoai, . ^
Hit hands ahall onM and unrol.
Tbe omniscient Judge of wrong and right,
Ail secretthings will bring to light,
For aH are open in his tight.
Alt 1 sinful lfbetch what shall I say?
To what piotector shall I pray,
When Jnat men scarce endure the day?
0 King of dreadAtl majesty,
Whose grace Is boundless, rich and ftee,
* Thou fount of Love, deliver m?. .
Remember, Jeans, all the way
Thou earnest to save ate when astray,
Do not reject me in that day.
For me ihon didst endure thy pain,
Forme wast crucified and slain,
Let not thy blood be shed in vain.
Tbon righteous Judge, I plead with thee,
O gran* me pardon full and free,
Before that day of doom shall be.
Oppressed with grief, I sigh and groan,
With'blushing <hce my crimes 1 own, i
Lord, spare a suppliant of thy throne.
O thou, who Mary didst foiyive,
And bad's! the dying robber lire,
To me a hope immortal give.
AO worth and merit I disclaim.
My only trust is in thy name,
Let me not bum in quenchless flame.
. When sheep and goats before thee stand,
And separate at thy command,
Give me a place at thy right hand.
When sinners damned, accursed, go
To sufffer in the flames below.
Call me the joys of heaven to know.
A prostrate suppliant, Lord, 1 lie,
In mercy hear my contrite cry,
I Be thou my helper when I die.
O, day of sorrow and of tears,
When man before thy bar appears
A U UCITC UU UW1U piUUUUUVCU UIVC .
Then (pare him, Lor?, Oh ! spare thou me.
LETTER PROM "WILLIE LIGHTHEART."
Orangeburg, S. C. .
Dear Enquirer -I do not know wheth.
et or not, it will afford your oirele of readers
the slightest degree of satisfaction to
' know that my name, onoe so familiar to
them, is not enrolled among the blood-red
multitude who hare been harried into eternity,
by the terribje events of the past four
years. An ioy chill runs through my heart
as I recall the scenes through whioh I have
passed, and the dark, horrible, blood-written
reoord of the dark days whioh have
' gone wailing behind the veil of the past, is
too pregnant with sorrow to be dwelt upon
^ here. Enough that it is over; and gladly
do I throw aside the rifle to resume the
deai old pen again. I am again at the bidding
of yonr readers, with all the smiles
and "peace, be stills" that I can gather
from the wreck. Thank God ! there is a
fond of kind words, hopeful thoughts, and
bright, beantifal dreams, stift left, to be
whispered in the despondiog ear, and talked
over at the winter firesides, to the desolate
and weary-hearted. The rust and rubmViaIi
linn aaIIaa^aJ aIvaim* am n linnato
vwu nuivu uao vuiiovdcu auvuk uui ucaua
mast be removed, and God's own flower
vines most be trained around them again,
beautifying our home-life, and making fragrant
as Eden the walks and windings of
daily experience. Such a mission be mine!
To attune the dull ear to the mnsio of life;
to direct the tear veiled eye to the flower as
1 yet unseen, and to lead out of the oold, dark
haunts of melancholy, into the brightness
of God's own blessed sunshine.
Willie Liqhtheaet.
tkmm?mmmmm??
Singular State, op Affairs in Marion,
West "Virginia.?A letter to the
Wheeling Register details a singular state
' of affairs as having recently existed in Marion
County, West Virginia. The sum of
of the statement is that a man named Henry
Nay has for some time past had a regularly
organized government in Marion, independent
of the Government of West Virginia
; that this government passed laws,
iasned nroclamationa. and enforoed its edicts
with the bayonet; arrested apd imprisoned
alleged offenders, and extorted from four to
five thousand dollars from citizens to indemnify
the members of the so-called government
for alleged robberies. Reoently
Nay, having reason to believe that he oould
not much longer maintain his usurped position,
attempted to flee to the far West, with
- some four thousand dollars of his ill-gotten
fruits of office. He wiw arrested at Littleton.
nn ftaltimnrfl and Ohio Railroad.
\ bat while being broagbt back to Fairmont
jumped from the train and escaped.
Mice Mills.?An ingenious Scotchman
has found oat a method of utilising the
hitherto wasted powers of the common
. boose mouse. He has invented a cotton
spinning machine, so constructed that a
couple of mice, if tossed into the right ptace,
eannot help working it. A half-penny worth
of oat meal will Jseep each mouse five weeks,
and during that time it will do the work for
which a woman is now paid ninepenoe. In
other wordSjJt will earn seven shillings and
aixpenoe a year, whioh after deduoting sixpence
for board and a sbilliog for wear and
tear of machinery, leaves a net profit of six
shillings to the employer. The inventor, it
is said, is patting up ten thousand of these
miee mills, with the view of getting his
living out of them.
|pjs?llatiwM5 JUiidts.
A SPECK OF WAS.
By the arriVa! of the Steamship Hibernian-it
Niaw York, we have advices from Liv
ernool to the 12th ultimo. We learo from
the New York Herald, of the 24th, that an
important diplomatic correspondence between
Minister Adams and Earl Russell,
is published in the London Star, of the
11th ultimo, received by this arrival. A
rupture with England seems by no means
improbable: "The
correspondence begins with a letter
from Minister Adams, dated the 7th of April^Iaat,
in whfoh he oalls the attention of
Earl Russell to tbeoffioial reports respecting
the ravages of the Alabama, and announces
that fo; the damages caused by such cruisers
his government cannot avoid entailing
the responsibility upon Great Britain.
Tbe reply of Earl Russell is dated May
4. He says tfaAt tbe dnties of Great Britain
towards the United States are not measured
by the losses which the commerce of
tbe latter may have sustained. The question
is simply whether the Qaeen's government
have faithfully and honestly performed.the
duties which international laws and
their own municipal laws imposed upon
them.
The reply of Mr. Adams is dated May 4.
Ge says that the insurgents became beligerants
on the ocean solely by reason of the fa
oilities furnished in her Majesty's ports for
ihem to do so. He oomplains of the seoret
sympathy of ber Majetsy's officers in the
port of Liverpool, and contends that after
the information wbieh he supplied respect
ing the Alabama it was by the flagrant negligence
of her Majesty's Board of Customs
that this vessel, admitted to be intended
for war purposes, was suffered to depart
from Liverpool. j
An interval of three mouths elapsed be
tween the above letter and Earl Russell's
rnnlv tn it. In rnnnnnnA Earl Rnssftfl nrn
ceeda to justify the ooarse of her Majesty's
government in reoognizing the beligerents,
and reasons are given why -there was extreme
difficulty in giving orders to exolude
from British ports vessels of-war partly fit
ted up in the United Kingdom.
A very important point is referred to in
this letter. Earl Russel notioes a statement
in a letter from Mr. Adams, in 1863r as to
the government of Washington being ready
to refer these disputes to arbitration.
Earl Russell deolines (his offer, and says
it is a question, in the first plaoe, whether
the Queen's government have acted in good
faith in maintaining their neotrality, and in
the second place whether the law officers of
the crown have correctly interpreted a British
statute.
Earl Russell continues;?"The Queen's
government oan refer neither of these questions
to arbitration " The words used by
-himare&8 follows:?"Her Majesty's government
are the sole guardians of their own
honor They oannot admit that they have
acted with bad faith in maintaining the
neutrality they professed. The law offioers
of the crown must be held to be better in
terpretere of a British statute than any foreign
government can be presumed to be?
Her majesty's government must therefore
decline to make reparation and compensation
for captures made by the Alabama,
or to rtfer the question to any foreign State
it if a : :e
ner xuajest-j b government, uuuueive turn u
they were to act otherwise they would endanger
the position of neutrals in all future
wars. Her Majesty's government are, boyever,
ready to consent to the appointment
of a commission to which shall be referred
all claims arising during the late civil
war, which the two Powers shall agree to
refer to the commissioners."
The reply of Mr. Adams is dated the
18th of September, and is very serious in
its tone.
Mr. Adams oonsiders that there is now
no dispute as to the fact that the recognition
of the South as beligerents was such an
act as was never done by one nation to
wards another in a state of amity. He
oharges the British government with having
aotc'd without knowledge and upon
mere presumption in assuming that the evidence
of the blockade of the Southern ports
was imperfect. The blockade, he says, was
the consequence, not the cause, of British
policy. He thinks thkt the only excuse for
the British government is that its conduct
was preoipitate. He then itimates that if
-J-!'?-?~ ?r ??,
(/(C IXL/CV/ t/tC-d xJLIVUU Wl/UW-O yj MK? JL-r# ftwngovernment
art aUoioed to become the rule,
the United States will not be the greatest
losers thereby.
Mr. Adams does not appear to think that
the proposal of Earl Russell to refer the
questions iji dispute to a commission will
be accepted by the United States govern-,
meat.
. The papers generally comment on the
Adams-Rnssel correspondence. The London
Times can hardly doubt that the proposal
for a commission will ultimately be
accepted, and says it is the best, if not the
only, solution; and the oaodid and friendly
tone of the argument between Russell and
Adams justifies that expectation..
Other journals hope for an amicable solution.
The Post is silent on the correspondence.
Th? T.nndnn News savs :?Besides the
magnitude of tbe questions affecting neutrals,
the matters in dispute are closely connected
with the maintenance of friendly
relations between England and America.
The London Star, in referring to the escape
of the Alabama, from -England, remarks
that there may perhaps be negligence
without suoh gross culpability as to render
us liable for all tbe damages which the es
caped pi..ateer perpetrated. But if our
views on these questions should differ from
those of the United States, and they should
inaiat aa peremptorily upon ther claims as
. ' * r
we upon oar denial or responsibility, what
theo f Are toe to run the risk of rupture
rather than content to arbitration ?
The Star awaits the instructions from the
United States government with mnob apprehension,
anddarts not sag what effect it
will have upon the temper of Englandy nor
what disastrous disturbance of the friendly
relations between the two countries may not
result from a deliberate attempt to appraise,
the losses caused by Confederate cruisers
upon England and to exact payment for
diem.
The Approaching Trial of Jeff. Davis
?Pinal Settlement of the Question of
Treason, State Sovereignty and 8e?cession.
\
. Public ouriosity, for some time part, has
naturally been drawn to Jeff Davis, and to
various speculations and conjectures as to
the purposes of the government in his ease
From the petitions from various sources in
the Sooth for a pardon in bis behalf, it would
appear that the idea has widely prevailed
among the Southern people that he will be'
released eventually as a bad investment,
and that the.only thing to be. sought after
io his interest has been the shortening of
his term of imprisonment. In. the Authoritative
information, however, that he is to
be indicted, arraigned and tried before the
Supreme Court of the*United States for the
oapital orime of treason, all such theories
of the intentions of President Johnson are
dissipated. Davis, with whose capture the
appeal to arms by the States involved in
the rebellion was decided against tbem be
yond any possible obanoe of reparation, baB
j>een reserved by the government for the
fins! settlement of those pernioious Southern
abstractions whioh gave birth to the rebellion.
"v~
His trial for treason before the Supreme
Court will necessarily involve a decisive
judgment upon those Southern constitutional
abstractions, with the decision upon the
obarge of treason. The counsel retained
on the side of the government, in support
of Attorney General Speed, are, as we learn,
William M Evarts, of New York ; John
H. Clifford, formerly Attorney General of
Massachusetts, and Geo. Lovell H. Rousseau,
of Kentuoky, whose qualifications as.
a lawyer are safd to be hardly inferior to
his abilities as a soldier. The counsel re
talned by the prisoner are Charles O'Connor
and Ransom H. Gillett, of New York.?
Here we have a sufficient array of legal
niaiAtMMik AM AA AK OIy) A f/NW * n AxnitxA JaM
anougiu uu cbuu oiuo 1^1 uu caubuocivu uio- j
cusaion of the great constitutional questions
involved in this case. The arguments of
counsel and the decisions of the court will,
unquestionably, form the most important
and moat valuable judicial chapter in the
history of the country, from the foundation
of the existing general government down to
this day It will settle all those disturbing
and revolutionary Southern heresies which
onght to have been settled in the trial of
Aaron Burr, fifty years ago, and it will fix
the government within the impregnable
ramparts of established constitutional law.
The line of defence in behalf of Davis
will probably embrace that of Lord JohD
Russell iu his correspondence - with Mr.
Adams, in his reference to the responsibility
of England for the* damages inflicted
upon oar commeroe daring the late war by
Anglo-rebel cruisers We presume that \t
will be urged in behalf of Davis that in the
blockade, and iD the exchange of prisoners,
&c., be was recognized as a belligerent, a
de facto foreign Power, and that in being
so recognized he ceased to be a traitor?if
a traitor before?within the meaning of the
constitution. We do not suppose, however,
that the defence of Davis will be limited
to this argument; but that it wiir comprehend
a plea of aoqnittal in consideration of
the prevailing public opinion of the oonntry
on State rights, from the famous Virginia
and Kentucky resolutions of 1798
and '99, down to the last quarter of the laBt
year ot tfucnaoan s state sovereignty administration.
But, whatever line of defence may be
adopted in behalf of Davis, we ozpeot that
the decision of the court will be that, as the
constitution declares that "treason against
the United States shall consist only in levying
war against them, or in adhering to
tbeir enemies, giving aid and ?oomlort,"
Davis is goilty of tresson ; that the right
of secession on the part of a. State is* not a
constitutional right; that it is the duty of
the Federal government to maintain the
Union to the extremity of war against a seoeding
State, or a combination of seoeding
States in warlike array; that the Union is
not a league of States, each possessing the
sovereign right of secession, but that it is
a sovereign- nationality, formed, not by the
States, bat by "we, the people of the United
States," in Convention assembled, and so
ratified by the States.
We antioiDate the settlement of these
points as the substantial results of the trial
of Jeff. Davis before the Supreme Court.
We do not see bow Davis can escape the
judgment of treason; but we expect that
be will be let off with bis sentenoe in bis
pocket. The great object of bis trial is to'
obtain from the Supreme Court, of the'United
States a decisive settlement of all theseSouthern
heresies of State rights, froir
which, in connection with the agitation of
the slavery question, we have reaped the
heavy harvest of blood and fire of the late
fearful rebellion. Slavery is out' of the
way, State sovereignty will be settled in the
trial of Jeff. Davis, and thus he will be
made so immensely serviceable to the Union
that his release to go his way and sin no
more will meet with no objection. The war
has decided that State secession, even llnj
J L! ^ _r *
uui u puwenui aruieu comuioauou 01 auues
cannot prevail; and by the ?npreaie Court,
in the trial of Davis, it will be deoided
that under no plea of oonstitutional
authority oan secession hereafter be agitated.
After this decision we shalNiave no
more resolutions of '98 and *99, no more
Hartford Conventions, no more South Carolina
nullification experiments, and no more
! ! ? ' .
attempts to break op tbe Union on constitutional
grounds. The guns of disorganizing
politicians wity be spiked, and on 8t?te
rights an veil as the slavery question revolutionary
adventurers will no longer have
tbe power to depeive and betray their people.
Tbe constitution will be authoritatively defined,
and the people' fcnd the States hereafter,
North and South, willeeftk to remedy
its imperfeotions in a constitutional way.
Thus the trial of Jeff. Davis will be a
great thing for President Johnson's admin-,
istration, and a great thing for the future^
neaoe and harmony of tbe oonntrv.?New
York Herald.
Headquarters Assistant Commissioner
Bureau Reguqee3; Freedmen Y
and Abandoned Lands, S. C. & G-a. V
Charleston's. C., Oct. 19,1865. J
Circular No. 5.
I. The impression prevails to a great extent
among the freedmen that on the lstof
January, 1866, the U. S,. Government is to
give them lands?homesteads of forty aeres
?and that for the coming year it is not
necessary for them to contraot with their
former masters, or other employers, for their
labor. To oorreot' this error, ail Officers
and Agents of this Bureau in Soath Carolina
and Georgia,' ar& hereby direoted to
give notice to the freedmen within their
jurisdiction, that snob expectations on tbeiT
part are erroneous, and that the U. S Gov.
ment has no lands to divide among them.
To provide for the cultivation of the soil,
give a proper direction and organisation to
labor, and seonre the raising of sufficient of
the neoessaries of life to prevent suffering
and starvation, the freedmen are urged at
onoe to make oontraots for labor for 1866 j
the oontraots to oomtrienoB on the first of
January, 1866, and terminate with the
year. To facilitate the making of oontraots,
the A&istant Commissioner or Agent of the
Bureau in each District, shall be associated
with 4wo citizens, residents of the Diatriot/
each selected to the satisfaction of the respective
oontraoting parties, the three to constitute
a Board whose duty it shall be to arrange
equitable contracts between the em-,
ployers and employees for the labor of the
f madman Tn diafrtnta vhara fVipra nrfl nn
Agents of this Boreas, the civil authorities
are requested to constitute tha-Board as
above, the two citizens ohoosiog a third to
replace the Agent, to act as Agents of the
Boreas for the same purpose. All contracts
should be id dsplioatd, one for each
of the contracting parties; and a correct
copy must.be sent tathe office of the Assistant
Commissioner. .
II. The following form of .oontraot#is
adopted ar applicable to the -labor question, '
subject to the. necessary modifications to
meet individual cases and pecnliar circumstances
of contracting parties.
Know all Men bt these Presents,
That , of the Connty of , State of
held and firmly bound to the United
States of America in the sum of Dollars,
for the payment of which bind
Heirs, Executors and Administrators,
firmly by these Presents in this Contract';
That to furnish the persons whose
names are subjoined, (freed laborers,) Quart
ters, Fnel, substantial and healthy Rations,
all necessary Medical Attendance and Supplies
in case of sickness; and the amount
aat nnnnait* thair raqnantirp namafl npr I
?wv -ft- r~ r?
month, during the continuation of this
Contract; the laborers to be paid in full
before the final disposal of tbe orop which
is to be raised .by them on plantation,
in tbe County of , State of
Eats or Pat
Pk* Month. no.
NAMES. AGE.
Dolls. Cents.
I
I
I
'
This Contraot is to commence .with this '
date and close with the year.
GivcJn in duplicate at , this day
of , 186 .
' .1
Sapient of Distriot.
Witness: "
?. T. . J
I
Registered at , 186 .
III. When fair and equitable oontraots
are made, they must be kept both by em- '
ployerand employee.
R. SAXTON; J
Bvt. Maj Gen., Asst. Commissioner.
Official: ' j
H. W. SMITH, |
Assistant Adjutant General. (
-The Cholera in Europe.?A oorres- ]
pondent of the Tribune, writing from Plor- <
ence, on the 5th of Uotobe^ rajs: # . ~ i
The cholera has nearly entirely subsided 1
in Italy, hot rages fearfnlly at Tonlon, Marseilles
aod Aries* in France. Some snspi- i
cions cases have been noticed even in Paris, t
Its character is "still more malignabt in i
Spain, whore Malaga, Valenoia and Seville t
suffer nnder thlt visitation. The Italians 1
behaved in the most praiseworthy manner i
while the -pestilence prevailed; the miri- I
isters visited repeatedly the hospitals at i
Anoona; volunteer physioians flocked to the 1
infected towns; very few of the pnblio offi- ]
cere fled, and those who did so were at onoe i
cashiered.. The news from France is less 1
heroic. At Toalon the judges themselves i
gave a bad example; the President of the 8
Court of Jnstioe bad to adjonrn the Court; ]
he was leftalone; aH his oolleagoes had fled. <
In Tarkey, too, the disease is disappearing. '
Thus it seems that Europe might have es- 1
nnnAd thnt cisitatiouk which had everywhere t
a contagions character. Strict quarantine I
might have prevented the evil, and restrict- i
edut.to Egypt, where it was imported by i
the caravan from Mecca.
None go to heavea^bnt those who i
have a taste for it on earth. <
LET US 8PBAK OF A MAJT AH WE FISTD
HIM.
Let us tpeak of a man u we find htm,
* And censure alone what we see:
And. If a man blame, let us remind blm,
That from fruits there's none of ts free.
If tbe veil from the Heart could be ton,
And the crimes be but writ on the brow,
There's many we'd pass by with scorn
Whom we are loading with high honors now.
Let us speak of a man as we find him,
And beed not what others may sayr
If be% frail, then a kind word may bind him,
While coldness would drive him sway;
jt or uio ucui mum uc imuicu iuuccu.
Where ao bad of repentance la sown,
Theu pause ere you cause it to bleed, .
Ana smile where a frown hadfca It down.
?? . ii*ii ? -
Still in tho Bonds.
A, correspondent of the Rochester Union
andAdvertiser gives the following aooount
of the expeneoee of a gang of negroes who
where*emp!oyed by a "certain abolition exColonel**
to go North and Work for him a
This loyal hero of abolitionism, of whieh
the Republican party ia well Hiplenished,
prior to hit returning home, goes to Richmond,
and, with flattering toogne, persuades
one hundred and seven colored-men
to return home with him,, eaying to them,
I will pay yoar transportation, and after
your yrival will furnish yoa work,* '-with
plenty to eat and good pay, with the understanding
that each was to pay his fare in
work to the said Colonel.
He arrived with them a week or two ago,
and immediately commenced operations by
taking them ftp above Montezuma a short
distance to out cord Wood.* The Colonel was
to give eaoh man one dollar per day and
board. They began to obop, and the Colonel
to furnish rations, consisting of unbolted
corn meal and mackerel, dividing one mackerel
between aix and sometimes eight men,
which was hardly enoogh to sustain fife?
making a rule, also, that those who fonnd
fault or complained of their rations shonld
have tbeir thumbs tied together behind
them, and their feet also booed or tied, and
then made to lie on the gronod two honrs
on their baoka, wbiob penalty some of tbem
had to undergo.
They were.provided with .the "tera firma"
on wbioh to repose their woar limbs
after a bard day's labor, with stakes driven
into the groondaod boughs thrown over for
oovering, and many were compelled to lie
in the corners of fences.. In this way they
pased two or" three days, and finally they
determined to kill the Colonel for the ill
treatment.they bad received at Mb bands,
for they were starving to deaeh; bat they
were told the consequence by some one in
the vioiaity, should they kill the Colonel,
and fioally gave it up. All but eight or ten
have left him, and are roaming through the
coantry, depending upon the oharity of the
people for .their sustenance.
The foregoing "facts I received yesterday
from one whom the Colonel brought firoar
Richmond. He also told me 4hat he was
forced to lay on fab back for two hours by
the said Colonel, merely for asking for more
food. These facts are also corroborated by
individuals who have been there themselves.
He stated that he fared far better when be
was a slave, for then he had -plenty to eat
and a comfortable plaoe to sleep. He further
stateB that as soon as he could eolleot
enough money, he should return again to
his master.
Wfrat the South Needs.
< Gov. Perry, in bis admirable message,
has touched upon a matter wbiph most, nolens
volens, be seriously considered by the
people of tbe Southern States and of South
Carolina. We allude to the following paragraph:
"It should be tbe pride of every farmer
and planter in the St^te to raise, grow or
make every thing which be uses or needs.
Slavery has been abolished, and labor made
more honorable as well as more necessary.
They who have heretofore spent their lives
in ease and idleness will be forced to work.
Planting and the lepred professions are no
^ .I- - .-1- UA..,Hkl. mnana /If 11 T?011 _ I
lliu^er iue uuijf uuuvmuis uisauo u> mw..bood
for oar young men. They must become
tradesmen, manufacturers, artisans or
meobanys. Immigration of industrious foreigners
must be encouraged. Then manufactures
will spring up, commerce will rerive,
and we shall become an independent
people."
This is plain and sensible talk to the people.
What we want now is worker$ in every
department of industry?in the field, in
the work-shop, in the m&nufaotory, and in
the oonnting house. The radical change in
our system of labor will not now permit any
gentlemen, idlers or unprodaotive loafers,
[f the earth yields heHnorease to any remunerative
extent, it must be by bard licks
ind untiring energy on the part of her people
; if we wish to advaoQe our mechanical
Interests, our young men moat not be a
ibamed to go into the workshops and learn
some useful trade, and in every other department
of the great work of developing
>nr resources and repairing our shattered
fortunes, it is workers?earnest, faithful
workers?that are needed.
Heretofore, in this Stato, oar young men
from oar colleges and schools crowded into
;he learned professions, the result of whioh
vaa that numbers of them never got prao
;ice enough to support them, aud thus an*
itted for any other business, they too often,
stead of being active proddcers, become a
rarden upon their friends and an incubus
ipon the industrial energies of society.?7 1
flow everything is changed ; much of our
property that constituted our wealth, and 1
ill of it whioh formed oar labor system,
las been swept away as in the twinkling of j
id eye; and if there is any other way to reinstate
oar resources and bring back prosperity
to the land, other than by untiring
efforts and steadfast labor, we cannot see it.
There is work now for all who are here, and l
:pr all who may come among us for a quar* 1
er of a century to oome. Let eaob, there- <
:'ore, go at it with steadfastness of purpose 1
tnd with a determination to' suoceed, and
laoocss will come.?Columbia Phoenix.
19* Experience is the best adviser, bat
i is.better to learn by others than our i
>wn.
Cost of the War and the Resources of
the Country.
4 The Washington correspondent of the
Chicago Tribune has figured op the cost of.
the .rebellion. The public debts before the
war was $90,867,828. Onjthe 1st of July
last; it was $2,757,253,275. The receipts
of the Government during the war, exclusive
of loans, &c, were $738,740,781. It
is estimated, however, that before the warbalance
can be hurly struck, the national
debt will swell np to $8,000,000,000, and
that the actual amount expended in suppressing
the rebellion was about $3,350,000,000,
or an average of abont $838,000,000
a year. The expenditures of the first
year of the war were abont $475,000,000;
in the second, $679,000,000 ; in the third,
$910,000,000 ; In the fourth $1,215,000,000.
^ ?
t&e total expenditures of ma .wavy .department
daring the foar yean of the war
was about $360,000,000, and that of the
War Department aboat $2,660,000,000, of
whiob the Quartermaster's Department alofle
expended about the earn of $1,400,000.
The Interest on .the public debt on Sept.
1st, was $180,000,000. Supposing the
principal to be increased to 8,000,000,000,
the interest trill be, say, $144,000,000. It
is, estimated that the annual expenses of the
War Department for the future?supposing
the effective strength of the army to be about
125,000 men?will be full $100,000,000
; the expense of the Nary Department,
$25,000,000, and for the civil service, including
pensions, etc., $61,000,000?ma.
king the aggregate amount of expenditures
required $841,000,000.
To meet this great expense, the internal
revenue receipts will annually amount to
$324,000,000; and the receipts from oustoms
to $76,000,000?making the annual
receipts $400,000,000. This, lifter paying
the annual demands upon the Treasury, wHl
leave $60,000,000?wbioh sum, it is believed,
can be annually applied towards the
payment of the national debt.
Another Card of Instructions from
President Johnson.?The Seoretary of
State has informed Governor Johnson, of
Georgia, that "the President cauoot recognize
tbe people of any State (lately in rebellion)
as having resumed the relations of
loyalty to the Union that admits as legal .obligations
debts oreated in its name to pro
mote the war of the rebellion!" This will
1 i -i i af~:?.. ?i ,i,? ..
dOUDlieBS ue DU1UU1CUI, uut iray iui las ioorganizing
State Convention Of Georgia,
now in session, bat for the proper understanding
of the subjeot.by Governor Perry,
of South Carolina, and his Legislature, and
by the responsible authorities of every other.
State oonoerned. Tha repudiation of its
rebel debts is a condition precedent wbioh
must be met by every State of the late socalled
Southern Confederacy before i(s reconstructed
government oan be reoognized
by President Johnson, to say nothing of
Coogress.
Another indisputable consideration mnst
be met by every State oonoerned, before it
can expeot to be reoomtnended by the President
to Congress?aud the condition is the
ratification by the State Legislature of the
amendment pf the federal constitution abolishing
and prohibiting slavery within the
limits and jurisdiction of the United States.
The new loyal Legislatures of Mississippi
and Sonth Carolina are now in session.?
Neither of them has yet" moved in the matter
of this ratification; bat it is to be hoped
Mut. f.hflu will each cprv fuion nerform this
" J ~ ~ '"V ? ?
needful and important work. We want only
four more States to make this constitutional
amendment a part'of the supreme law
of the. land. With the two Southern States
above named enrolled in the ratification,
we shall only lack two to complete the work,
and North Carolina and Oeorgia will fill
the requisition. To the States in the list
required to make just three-fourths of aU
the States will belong the honor of this a*
mendment. AU the rest that may be obtained
will be superfluous. If, therefore,
Mississippi, North and South Carolina and
Oeorgia present themselves rfihe first States
from the rebellion to ratify this amendment,
they will be the first to walk into Congress,
provided, always, that they efiall not have
forgotten the repudiation of their rebel
debts. North Caiolina has led off in this
repudiation, clean and absolute. Now, let
her, when her legislature meets, Je*d off in
this aforesaid ratification, and her applioa
tion for* read mission into Congress cannot
be resisted.1?New York Herald.
Lee at the Grave op Jackson?A
correspondent of the New York Daily
News, writing from Lexington, YV, girding
some acoonnt of the place ant} i?? sttrac
tions, says:
Bat the greatest attraction .to the visitor
to Lexington, and, indeed, the Mecca to
which, in years to oome, many pilgrims
will resort, is the grave of "Stonewall Jack*
sofl." Last Sabbath afternoon,'the burial of
a metnber of the Order attracted to the bean- ,
tifal 'cemetry of the town a long prooes- (
sion of Odd Fe/lows, and an' immense crowd (
of oitizens, and I went, that I might avail
myself of the opportanity of visiting the (
grave of the great ohief whori I bad so often ,
followed to victory. No stone marks tbe
? ? -aimvkl. Kn a afo-flT ..
spot) WU1UU lO iUUII?KU vj H snU)
apon whioh the Confederate flag once floated
; but the wreath of flowers, laid by fair
bands on the grave, and kept fresh by daily
additions, is a fit emblem of the place the
hero bolda in the memory and affections of
the peoble of; the Sonth. As long as trne
greatness, honor, parity of character, and
deep toned piety are esteemed, Jackson will
not Be forgotten.. I was told, that immedi- .
ately on his arrival in Lexington, to assume
bis place in the WashiQgton College, Gen.
Lee paid a visit to the grave, of Jackson, (
and lingered for a long time around tne <
hallowed spot. Lee at the grave of Jack- j
son, would form a pioture which a master i
hand might delight to paint . 1<
Railroad Car Etiquette.
We know net whet authority pay be appealed
to for a final decision1 of jthe points
stated in the following atfieijj from the Joe*
nal of Commerce, bat no one obliged to ride
in the railroad cars frequently can hesitate
to express a wish that they oould be settled
by some competent tribunal:
The etiquette of railroad pan is a new
science, the principles of trhioh are qot ypt
folly established. It appears to be conceded
that a passenger Who pays bat for ope
ticket is entitled to only one seat, i. half
of one settee; and, consequently, that an^r
other passenger has a right to occupy a facant
seat at his side. It follows that when .
there is a deficiency of seats a gentleman
with two ladies has no tight to monopoBse
two entire settees' for the convenience of a
tete-a-tete.
The concessions doe to ladles is the
choice of settees, &o., ate not clearly defined.
If the seats are all occupied and half a docen
ladies step into the ear at some station
house, most as many gentlemen vacate their
seats for the accommodation of the newcomers
and occupy standees for tha remainder
of the trip ?
If a gentleman has selected a settee which
suits him, there being one vacant seat at
his aide, ia.be liable to be ousted by a gen- . *
tleman and lady who oome into die car and
whoee pleasure it is to oocupy his seat,
leaving him to shift for himself as ho may
be able? Many gentlemen, accompanying
ladies, invite enoh,a dispossession with as
mnoh assurance as if it was their-right. I>
it tbeir right ? , :
In a hot snmmer day, a gentleman aeoures
a seat on the shady side of the ear,
which chances also to be the windward side.
A gentleman and lady or two ladies afterward
enter the ear, and coveting his comparatively
cool position, invite him to give
up bis settee for their benefit and take a vacant
one on the sunny side, which they
might as easily have taken themselves had
they been so disposed. Is that a civil iniritatiou
? and, if so, does civility, require him
to comply ?
The leg*1 right in all these esses jS?d
Others of fi similar character which frequently
arise in practice is, we sjippcpe, m
sufficiently clear. Prior possession gives a
title to any particular seat, hut nothing else
does. It follows than when ladies, or gentlemen
and ladies, covet the eeft of an - oonnnnnf.
and nmnosa to net possession of it,
they should doff til supercilious airs and
approach their victim, imploringly. Korthe
same reason they have no right to be offended
if he deoiinee the surrender. On
the other band, if he complies, an equal
degree of courtesy on thid* part requires
from them an expression of acknowledgment
either in language or manoei$ uudb aa . j
.persons of good breeding know how' to
make without distressing themselves.
9?w far gentleman will yield their "re- 4
Served rights" for the benefit of the fair and
those who aooompany them, eaeb individual
mtfst determine for himself. AH gentlemen
are more or lees Under the influence of the
ladies, and should be so brought up us to
be pivil without obeeqaiousneas; and the
ladies should learn to reeeive a favor;with,
thankfulness, and not as a right. Some ef
them, we are sorry to say, are perfection
in this matter and deserve to be dealt with
on tfae principles of reciprocity.
-?l ?? ?. ?i? . v ~
Ode State CoNVwmoir,?The editor
of the Fayette ville News pokes fan at the
Convention as follows':
North Caroline has had gathered TritJonvention
her wiiM men?her Bedford Brown
?hCrNat. Boy den?her 8am Philips-^er ?
Bobby Dick?her Bat. Moore?and her McDonald,
of Moore. And they have got I
off an extraordinary thing in the shape
of an "Ordinance," which cannot firil in af- ?,
ter generations to acolaim each And every
one of these distinguished lights to imperishable
celebrity. ; f' >A
The "Ordinance," thoogh not Worded
exaotly as this which follows, is in substance the
same ;
Resolved, That we are going hotnei to retake
the places ardnnd the old family hearthstone
that have never Been vacated by ua;
and that we are going to rejoin oar brethren,
from whom we have" never been parted.
'Resolved, That we wish it dbtiiradj inderstood
that we rescind the secession ordinance,
because W6 feat if we do not, we
cannot net back into the Union; hot at the
o * satne
time.
Resolved, Tbat there never hie been Is ex
istenoe, or in force, any ordinance of secession
j.and if there has been, we are afraid to
say so, for fesr of offeodiog'tbe'edthoiities.
Resolved, Tbat Dixie is oh iooger a prerson
is ?eome pumpkins "
Speech by Frank Blair.?Prank Blair
^ade a oharaoteriatio speech at Bella, Mo.,
one nigu*1 lut week- 06 Btated that around
the Works of weT?
Grant, one hundred J**8* ??^
too, and turned oyer to tb^^T0rn,n?n,
and not a thousand bales of it ever were ?*'
counted for. He said the Provost Marshals
cf the West were a set of thieving plunderers
generally, and robbed the people tod swindled
the government. He made ibltter war
ipon Stanton ; aoonsed bltft of being an
mginal traitor, and said tbat Alex. H.
Stephens/ the Vice President of the Soathsrn
Confederacy, was a loyal man?^ more
oyal man than Stanton, Drake, Fletcher,
>r-any other radical; and that, when Stan- B
on had Stephens looked up, the good, toy- 99
il and true man was inside, and the rascal igj
ind traitor upon the ontside. He eame B
lown upon the officers of the Western army
nth one fall swoop. He charged them H
with all whs of oorroption. B
?pt "Don't dear/' said Mm. Darting- Iji
Son to a child playing with a powder horn, B
'don't touch the pesky thing, for it may ggj
50 off, ?nd then you'll get burnt,?the poor JH
ittle boy did that got blowed up by. pound
4 shot." . .ii-u jaj
___a^