Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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; * . *i ' . , - * . *^? V . . , Jfr * - * - . - . . . .* . 4 ? * ' * /I ?* ... * * * . ^ , ..." r v . .... ** * . .. ' * . . ? * % . f LBwrs *. asisT, Proprietor, j itepper: Jfor % ^nrino&m of % ^olitital, 5otW, ^griatltnral ani Commercial $ntemls of % ^onf|. .' 1^a~l8.12>^??!?JZJJ'V4M(ixVOLUME XL ~ ~ TORKVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY MORXING, OCTOBER 19, 1865: ~~~ . .' NUMBER W. ' . .ffulitical fgattew. SPEECH OF MAJL GE>. SLOCUM. He Approves of President Johnson's Policy. SOME WISE HINTS. JjFbe following is the speech of MajorGeoeral Slocum, delivered at Syraouse, N. York: Fellow-Citizens?It is bat little more than four years siooe I left this city to aid onr Government in the great straggle throagb which she has just passed. If we were to estimate time by toe social and political ohanges which have occurred, this brief period would be measured by ages instead of yean. Five years ago oar strength as a military people were unknown even to ourselves. The. most sanguine friend of the Republic had no conception of our tremendous power. We were told by foreign eritioe at the commencement of the straggle that but little blood would- be shod?we w?*e not a military people?we were too much given to money making tq make-great sacrifices for tbe boner of onr nation?too fond of boasting to like tbe whistHDg of bullets. If foreign nations were justified in estimating os as a whole by the opinion which eaoh section professed to entertain as to the strength of the opposing ' section, they oertainly had good reasons for holding nsen contempt Bat disinterested and intelligent men shonld have better appreciated tbe strength of the South, the bravery of ber people, and theterrible passions by whiob tbey were actuated, than to have believed (as many at tbe North professed to believe) tbat a few thousand men onnld march from the Pntximnn in the fi-nlf ?that a few weeks would suffice to ecd the struggle, and bring back in subjeotion eight millions of people, the great mass of whom had been.led by unscrupulous politicians to believe that they were engaged in a cause as holy and patriotic as that which actuated our revolutionary fathers. Impartial judges should have known too well the character of the men of the North, their perseveranoe, energy, bravery and patriotism, to suppose that but little blood would be shed in an* effort to uphold the honor and.integrity of their oetjntry. Our strength has been made manifest and is to-day universally acknowledged From a quiet,, prosperous and peaoe-loving people, having a standing army of bnt ten thousand men, we have suddenly sprung as a military power of the first rank among the nations of the earth. The development of the heroism and bmveiy of the mass of our people?the prout they have given of the < facility With which they can leave the I peaceful avocations of life and assume the i M^nniM itntiAD nf t.K? anMtar?.haa aofnnioK. I ed even oar own rulers. Not less astonishing has been the development in individuals, ^almost heretofore unknown, of ait the great and noble traits of character necessary to the successful commander. A man residing, at the opening of the war, in oae of . the Western villages, unknown to many of his immediate neighbors, has suddenly become one of the greatest and most successful military chieftains of any age. Anothor, engaged at the commencement of the war aa a professor in one'of the military schools of the South, whose great military mind enabled him at the very outset of our troubles to see more Clearly than others the necessities of the hour, and who for this reason was pronounced by the bead of the i War Department to be insane, has sinoe astonished the world by the splendor of bis '_! " \T. IV i? I Li i acnievemenm. no one disputes ine aeoi our nation owes to genius or military skill; 1 bat to'those who know him intimately Wil- < Ham T. Sherman is something higher, bet- I ter and nobler, than a mere military hero I He is known to them to be a pure patriot ?seeking only bis country's good?bold and fearless in the expression of bis views ' ?always ignoring all self and selfish considerations. And "gallant little PhilSheridan," at the commencement of the war, a subaltern officer on our postern frontier, knowa to but few outside of bis own mess, never particularly happy except when some hostile tribe of Indians gave him. air occasion for the exercise of his' ruling passion, has been afforded % splendid opportunity for the display of his superior qualifications as a leader on the battle field; i and splendidly he has improved bis oppor- ( tunity?improved it t<f his own and his country's glory. His name will go down to posterity as one of the few men of this age who possessed the ability of commnnieating to every soldier of his great army the same impetuous valor by which he himself is always inspired when in.the presence of the enemy?& valor which "sent Early whirling up the valley," which converted the disaster at Cedar Creek into a brilliant victory, and wbioh finally caused the surrender'of tee's army in Virginia. The ohanges wbiob those few brief years have wrought in the social and pecuniary condition of many of oor people is a subject far more painful to contemplate. Thousands of families at the South who have never heretofore known want?never laoked any of the luxuries of life?are now reduced to poverty. Thousands of women and children, reared in ease and affiuenoe, have not only lost (heir property bat their natural protectors have been taken away from them in this terrible conflict. Blame the leaders as we may, no generous man oah ever find in hia heart anything but feelings of pity and oompassion towards these unfortunate victims, reduced to a state ; worse than death itself by the ambition and errors of man. Here at the North the im- i mediate effects of the war have been less felt?there has been less destruction of property?fewer cases of utter andL hopeless ruin; still we are burdened with heavy debt, ' the effects of which will be felt by all classes for generations to oome. Tbe ohanges in the political affairs of our country, produced by this war, are not less striking tban those in' onr military and cial condition. The great question wh for years has agitated onr country, wb has influenced all our legislation, wh has created sectional parties, and at 1 culminated in civil war, has finally and 1 ever been put at rest. The. operations the war having demoralized and rende: the slave valueless, the States are now \ untarily moving to.the entire extinction the system. Most devotedly do I tfas God for this result. I am confident I abolition of slavery will prove a grea blessing to the slaveholder than to the i olntiAil W?fV m tfnit rtf nnan*tMAoin<v wti aiavcu. tv nu a ouu vi uuaui^oootug w 0688, with a olimate equal to that of Ita with ^monopoly io the culture of the gre est of all staples, the removal of that ioe tntion whioh has checked the developmi of her resotiroes, and has driven en erf enterprise and capital from her horde opens to her a career of prosperity whi in a few years will do much to make herd dren forget the loss of life and property c has so reoently suffered. The only impe ment is now removed whioh has here to f< prevented as from having a tfoo Union one of interest and feeling as well as of la I believe the Union is now permanently tablished, and that as a people we are sc to enter npon a brilliant oareer. Wbetl this career is to commence at once, or deferred twenty or thirty years, depet very znnch upon the coarse of the Gene Government towards the Southern Stat If the General Government is to assui powers whioh it has never before olaim to possess, and is to attempt to deoide w shall be entitled to the eleotive franoh it} certain States?if it is to xsontinae to tefere in the domestic affairs of the Soni era States, keeping military officers in t midst of their people, to aot as judger all oases of disputes between different ola es of citizens?then the dawn of peace a prosperity is yet far in the distance. ? The issne in the recent war was on t right of secession?the Southern Stat contending for that right, and declari coercion on the part of the General Gc eminent to be a violation of their legal a constitutional rights. The General Gc ernment on the other hand, assumed tl no such' right existed, and treated the pi tended secession as a revolt of a Dortion the citizens of those States The triamj of the Government has "decided the qa< tion, and it will never again be made issue, unless we now voluntarily reverse t decree.. If we now say to the seoedii States', you have been out of the Union ai thereby lost your' constitutional rights States, we certainly recognize the very pri ciple for whioh the South baa been oo tending.' But T am opposed to all the measures for inteference in the domest affairs of those States, not only because believe we have no constitutional right intefere, but because I believe it will unwise, impolitio and unjust to do so?lea ing to far greater evils than we would oc rect' Odo of the results of the recent w has been the sadden emancipation of fu millions of slaves. Of these at least o and a half millions are either children wit ont parenfR upon whom they can depei for support, or old aod infirm people, ha ing no ohildreo upon whom they can lea Of the remaining two and a half millio not 0D6/in a thousand oan read; none them possess land. All have heretofore 1 bored only by compulsion, and, of coun have not acquired habits of industry economy. They are now in a land whi< has jast been desolated by civil war. Ti polio; to be adopted towards them is a que tion which should engage the best minds the ooontry. In the solution of the que tion differences of opinion must, of coura be anticipated. The plan of oolonizatii bas been proposed and has man; advocate [ believe it to be impracticable and on wis [n their present state of ignoranee and i dolenoe their condition as a colon; wou be infinitely worse than that from whi( tbey have just been removed. They nei the example and .aid of the white race, ai the States where they are now need tht labor. The two races will remain associ ted, and the great mass of the negroes w reufain in the Southern States. These States now come forward and a cept the total abolition of.slavery as one the results of the war. In their State oo stitutionB, which are now being remodele every State will acknowledge this fact, ai will insert an artiole prohibiting slave nencetortb ana torever. waving aone tt they claim all the rights guaranteed to the by the Constitution?the right of deoidii who among their own aitizeos shall be eo tied to the elective franohise, and the rig of ooatrolling their own domestio affairsShall they be allowed these privileges, shall the General Government, in violatl of the Copstitu ton and in violation of i peated declarations as to its purposes prosecuting the war, assume oontrol of the -matters ? This is now almost the only li ing issue between the great political parti of the day. The Democratic party, wi entire unanimity, deolares in favor of i lowing to every State the exercise of i powers not delegated by it to the Genet Government. Now that the freedom the slave is universally acknowledged, tl party is willing that the States where t freedmen reside shall pass sneh laws as tb may deem proper for their education a support. A large portion of the oppositi party favors having the General Govei merit assume control of these matters, bi theniog our people with the support of million paupers, and oompiicating ub in t settlement of questions with which we ha no constitutional right to meddle. The i guments used to convince the Northe people that it is thp doty of the Gene: Government to assume this great respoo bility, while the States are willing and c sirous of relieviog the Government from are baaed, first, npontbe assumption that soon as the Government withdraws its p tection great oruelties will be inflicted up * bo- the blacks; and secondly, (hat* the States ieb will at onoe pass laws reducing the race iob again to a condition bnt little better than a ich state of slavery. a9t I have never believed that all the ho:?r" mane and kindly impulsfesimplanted by natare in the heart of man were confined to a red particular section of country. I firmly ber?l* iieve that the sight of human snffering oalls forth as much sympathy in one section of l?k onr country as in another, and I do not fear to? that a ooorse bf systematic cruelty will ever ter be praotioed in any section of this country BD~ towards any of God's creatures. That it ?1]- will be found neoessary to pass laws for the. government of the blacks I do not donbt. at- Laws must be passed to provide for the iti- maintenance of the old and infirm and for 5Dt the support and education of the young.? ?J> That isolated oases of iojostioe in the treatre* ment of the blacks will ooonr I do not oh donbt; that some unwise laws may be lil- nnftflfld in not imnrnbabie : bnt I am oonfi "be dent less injustice will be done the blacks, di- as well as the whites, if the matter is left Jre in the bands of those most deeply interest? ed. The labor of the black man is an ab w solute necessity in every Southern State.? e8* Now that he is free, self-interest will prompt ?n the men of the South to endeavor to make >er him a cheerful and willing laborer. Havbe ing acknowledged his freedom, humanity, 'da patriotism and self interest will combine tp ral induce the Statesmen of the South to adopt es. such laws with reference to the negro as will be best oaloulated to promote his intered est and the interests of society But supbo pose that, distrusting the Southern .people, ise Wd take into our own hands the appalling in- task of regulating the relations between the th- employer and employee?the task of provide ding for the indigent, educating the young in and compelling all to labor who are able 88 but indisposed to do so. Aside from the nd heavy burdensit will impose upon us?aside 4 from the contentions and bitterness to which he it will give rise in Congress, and among tes our people?shall we not be likeiy to oomng mit as many errors?to perpetrate as many )v- aots of injustice?as would be perpetrated ..A nnriar tliA Sfftfn rnithnritiM ? uu. W?W > - Look at the working of the institution lat now in operation for regulating the affaire re- of the freedmen. Yoa often read accounts of in the newspapers as to the ^condition of ph affairs in oertain localities. Yon are inform38 ed about the prosperous condition of a few an schools established for the benefit of negro he children?of the readiness with which the; ag learn their letters, and of the ardor with ad which they sing patriotio airs. According as to some of these aeoonnts the negro chilli dren are far superior to yonr own j they n- mutter the alphabet in their sleep andspend 8e most of their waking bonro in invoking <ic blessings on the head of General Saxton and I other distinguished, public men. To many to I presume this is interesting reading matbe ter, and it may serve to eonvinoe some peo d- pie the great problem is already solved? ?r- that through the efforts of Saxton and his sr oo laborers, four millions of ignorant and ur degraded beings are to be elevated, and to ne become educated; refined patriotic members b of society. You seldom hear of the ha* 3d morons cases where the freedmeo have laid j v- olaims to the lands of their former masters, n. and have quietly informed them that they ns hold title under the United States Govern* of ment, and have persistently refused to do la- anything but eat, loiter and sleep. They ie, fail to tell you of the oases where, just as or the harvest was to commence, every baud sh has suddenly disappeared from the plaoe, be leaving the labors of a year to deoay in the is- field. They fail to tell you of great bands in of colored people who leave their former is* homes and oongregate in th? cities and vile, lages, or settle on a plantation without per* }n mission from the owner, seeking only food, is. and utterly careless of the future. On the ie. very day that I left Vicksburg a poor woman n- came to me with a complaint that at least Id fifty negroes, not one of whom she bad ever sb before seen, bad settled on her farm and ad were eating the few stores she had laid aside . o id for winter use. !ir Oar sympurhies are doe to the white as well as to the blaok race, though we have no constitutional right to control either.? The difficulties surrounding this question o- can only be met and overcome by praotical of men. It is an easy matter to theorize on n- the subjeot f to point oat the evils likely d, to result from the policy adopted by the' id President; but it will be found far more ry difficult to suggest any other method not lis likely to result in still greater evils. Gen. m Howard, who stands at the bead of the ig Freedmen's Bureau, is a man of great puriti ty of oharaoter, and will never sustain a ht system which he does not think productive J ? of good; and yet, after oarefully observing or the operations of that bureau, I am oonon vinced that more evil than good will result e- from perpetuating it after the States have in adopted Constitutions prohibiting slavery, ise Each State i6 plaoed in charge of an assisiv tant commissioner. It is made the duty of ies the department commander to detail such th officers and soldiers as these assistant oomal miBsioners may require in the discharge of all their duties. Ail questions between whites ral; and blaoks are to be adjudicated by an offiof I oer or agent of the bureau. This, of course, lis requnes that one officer or agent shall be be stationed in each county, or at least that ey they shall be so distributed as to be aooessind ble to all the inhabitants. These gentleon men who are to aot as judges in matters of :n- difference between the races, are usually ir- lieutenants selected from the regiments on a doty in the State. Each judge, lieutenant he or agent, sb you may please to term him, ,ve has bis guard, and eaob guard its oommisar sary establishment. The news of his arriirn val in any seotion of the oountry spreads ral with wonderful* rapidity. . A negro has a si grievance against bis employer or some otb-. le- er white personj he enters his complaint, it, | and the judge or lieutenant orders the as i white man or -white lady to appear before ro him and confront his or her aoouseir. The >on l usual forms adopted in our courts of justice to ascertain the facta in the case are discard" ed> In some cases the accused is at onoe released; in others he is fined twenty, fifty or a hundred dollars." The judge oollects the fine and usually forwards it to his superior, to be used in defraying the expenses of the institution. .The negro gees home stopping at eaoh plantation and detailing the particulars of the oaae to other freedmen. Half the negroes in that section are at once seized with a desire to see how their old masters or mistresses would act on being brought before him. Complaints are made against the kindest and bestpeople in the oonntry. The immediate respit is despondency and anger on the part of the whites ?discontent and insolence on the part of the blacks. Here is a young man from a j Northern State, not educated as a judicial officer and often not possessing asingle anal ifioation for the discharge of snob duties, upon whom devolve greater responsibilities than devolve upon the Justices of our Supreme Courts, for be not only acta as Judge, but also as sheriff and olerk ; and from his decision it is seldom an appeal can be made. In my remarks upon, this Bureau I do not wish to reflect upon any of the officers connected with it. Generally tbey are earnest and.sinoere men, and are doing all in their power to make it successful. It is is of the system I speak. I contend thatit is so utterly foreign to the principles by which our people have been governed that it cannot continue. And yet it appears to be the only method that can be devised for regulating these matters, providing the task ofTegulating them is to devolve upon the General Government. During the past few months I have enjoyed good opportunities for studying the character and disposition of the freedmen and of the workings of the organization designed to proteot tbem. I have beoome fully convinced that the polioy adopted by the President, of leaving to the rAflnnctivA States the entire rnntrnl nf their local affaire, is the only safe polioy that can be adopted. Ton have been told by one of thp journals of this city that I was ranch annoyed at the action of the President with regard to the organization of the Mississippi militia, and that this was one of the eauses that indnoed me to resign my oommission in the army,, and aooept a nomination for civil office. As my letter consenting to suph a nomination was written prior to the aotion of the President on that question,H and as one of the conditions of my aooepttanoe was the endorsement of the polioy of the President, this statement seems now nn worthy of notiee. Eegarding my position in the army?as I have always done?simply as that of a soldier, bound to obey all orders received from superiors? and to carry out in good faith the polioy of the Government. I oan conceive of no good reason why I should feel aonoyed by any order reoeived by me. Id response to an application for iostruotions as to the jurisdiction of military tribunals, 1 received from, the War Department a communication informing mejthat the Government regarded the State of Mississippi as still in a state of rebellion. Immediately after the receipt of these instructions the Provisional Governor proposed to organize and arm the militia of the State. Acting under my orders, I would not permit it. Subsequently the President, taking a view of the condition of the State differing somewhat from that taken by the War Department, resolved to withdraw the United States troops from the State, which, of course, removed all-objeotion to the organization of the militia. So fur from feeling annoyed at the result of this matter, I most heartily approve the removal of the frnm that, fltcta nnrt 1 tint/ mmmL I ly hope that within thirty day> every soldier now on duty there will he mustered out of service, and that all attempts to interfere with her locaKffairs will cease. Now that the State has adopted a Constitution whioh does not recognize slavery, I would oonfide to her-tbe settlement of all qustions likely to arise as to the means of supporting and controlling the freedmep. I believe that the people will regard the interest of the State as closely identified with that of the fireedmen, and that such laws will be passed as will be best calculated to promote the interest of all. I am also, oharged by tho same journal witb having sacrificed my reputation as a public man for the sake of obtaining a position with my political "opponents." During the war whioh has just closed I have bad but little to do with politics; I have made no political speeches, written no political letters. I have found the responsibilities devolving upon me from my position in the ?? ?li- ?1 * all mn' tlma mmy ijuiLc puiuuieuk w uucuj*; ? uj >?? and attention. Having noW returned to civil life I intepd to snpport -such measures as deem best calculated to promote the interests of oar country- and the prosperity and happiness of our people. I find one party united in the support of auoh measures, the other party divided upon them, and in several States strongly denouncing them. Gould I hesitate as to my course? Earnestly endorsing and approving every, resolution adopted by the Democratic Convention, I supposed, in aooepting a nomination from that Couventiod, that I was entering the house of my political friends rather than that of my "opponents." The tornado whiob swept slavery from the land swept with it every platform ever adopted by *the Republican party prior to the war. I can oail to mind bat one resolution adopted by that party before Che close of the war wbioh has any bearing on the issues now before the people. On the 22d of July, 1861, the representatives of that party, in Congress assembled, without a dissenting voioe, declared "the war is waged to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution and. to preserve the Union, with all the dignity, equality and rights of the several States unimpaired." To the principles thuB solemnly dec]ared I still ad here, and I regret to see a large portion of the Republican -party diverging from them. At the time of the passage of this resolution there were many men at the Sooth who had opposed seoeenoa, and who were unwilling to aid their States in making war opon oar Government. The resolution was a solemn pledge to that olass as to the treatment ttaey( should receive in case their States should again be brought under control of the General Government. It was a solemn declaration to every offioer and soldier of the Union armies as to the principles for which they were-contending. It was made at a period of gloom and despondency?on the darkest day ever known in the capital of oar country. The oloads that then hovered over as have been dispelled. Not an armed foe is now to be found within onr borders. Is it not humiKatine to witness on tbe part of a large portion of the party which has controlled the destiny of tbe nation for five years a disposition to repudiate, in the hoar of triumph, solemn pledges made in the honr of danger ? > _ When tbe devil was sick, - The devil a monk would be, When the devil was well, A 'devil of a monk was he. i have had the honor of serving with most of the soldiers presented by both political parties for tbe support of the people at the ensuing election. It affords me much pleasure to be able to nnite with their political Bflpportere in bearing evidenoe as to thCir high oharaoter as soldiers, and'as to their personal worth and fitness for the positions for which they have been nominated; bat I cannot wish those on tbe Republican ticket success at the polls, for we are informed by one of the most prominent leaders of their party , that the platform on which they stand is "timid and wordy," and that but for laok of adhesion and discipline amoog the radicals, a resolution would have been adopted virtually condemning the polioy of the President. I do not think that the triumph of that party will tend to strengthen the President in his determine* tion to adhere to the wise measures whioh have thus far characterized his administration. On the other band, the triumph of the Democratic party will be a clear, unmistakable endorsement of his policy?an equivocal declaration on the part of the' people of this great State in favor of "the subordination of military to civil rule, the restoration of the authority .of the courts, aod the recognition ^of the equality of the States." fpsrrilawtt? Jriitte. Address of Bishop Davis. Columbia, October 5,1865. Tothe Clergy and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of S Carolina. Beloved Brethren : An absenoe from borne of six weeks in a part of the State where mail facilities are few, aooounts, partially, for tbe delay of this address. I came to this oity some dayB ago, for the purpose of having an operation for cataract performed upon my remaining eye. This has been done with perfect skill atyl success by my exoellent friend and physioian, Dr. Julian J. Cbisolm. The cataract hasbeen extracted, and the eye is rapidly healing^ but I regret to have to say that there * ?ir..j ? 18 Httie proepeoo 01 any eaeciuai reirei. iuj chief satisfaction is in the sense of a duty discharged. I am still ooder medical treatmeat, and though my present condition- is not favorable for such an effort, I must no longer defer this communication.. Ton are aware that, our annual Diocesan Counoil, which was by appointment to have met at Camden in May last, failed for want of a quorum. There being, therefore, no speoifio direction for the meeting of the next' Diocesan Council, it will take plaoe, under our constitutional enaotment, in the city of Charleston, on pbe second Wednesday of February next. The resolution on the pages of the journal of our last regular Council, held in Spartanburg, does not affect this provision. It stipulates the month of May as the time, but being passed at one Counoil only, it has not beoome the const! tutional law of the cbaroh. I have not called a speoial Council of the Diocese, partly because I thought its meet iog impracticable in the present state of the oouutry, but, chiefly, because I concluded that its principal objeot could be otherwise attained. That objeot was the appointment of delegates to our General Council, which is to assemble in Mobile in November.? Upon a careful examination of the subjeot. myself, and after a full consultation- of the highest legal authority, I am entirely convinced that the delegates elected at pur last Counoil in Spartanburg are entitled to reppresent the Diocese in the approaching ? - ? " * ? mi_ a _ i_ (General uoaneu at iuoDiie mis oouomsioo will, I trust, be at onoe received as correct, and said delegates will bold themselvea responsible for the discharge oitheir duty. It is greatly to be desired that this Diocese should be fully represented at that meeting; and *1 earnestly implore such of my brethren as have been seleoted for the purpose to be present, if possible, on the occasion. The Counoil of Southern Bishops,* which was ezpeoted to assemble last week at Anemmta. did not meet.' the annointment for e>-?? ?. ? - ?? the same having been withdrawn. I have not deemed it necessary to address yon on the subject of onr sending delegates to the Convention of - the Chnroh of the United States now in session at Philadelphia. With oar own acts constituting a portion of the Southern Chnroh are still in force, and oar authoritative General Council awaiting its meeting in Mobile, I did not consider this a matter of debate. Our ecclesiastical position being deliberately assumed, did itself define our course of doty. The subjeoi of onr eoolesiastioal relations is, therefore, now open before as, and demands our meet serious thoughts and prayers. Permit me to say a few words expressive of my own convictions. No sound mind can suppose that the separation of the Southern from the Northern Chnrch, under the influence,ofthe political revolution whioh has passed over theoonn try, can be schismatical. Sohism respects the unity of the church in the unity of her faith. Its sih lies In the wilful violation of this unity by undue severanoe; but neither the ehufch rfor the fitith has been at issue, and the eause of severance was both involuntary and overwhelming. There has been, therefore, no sohism. The Southern Chnrch ^fl?flAflt W?eikf1?T Zw^Aa ?? MVIT WUDKHUWUj OUU 10 OU iUUD* pendent and iotregal branch of the Ohnroh Catholic. As such, she can, of right, shape her own course. She is free to remain as she is. She is, also free to return- to her anion with the Charoh at the North. Whieh sbmll she do? Thia is tbe gcpat proposition. In determining it brethren, we Ishould look deeply into ourselves* Unchristian sentiments may prove ar injurious as falsa positions., Let as make the severe mental effort of severing ourselves from all feelings and purposes not purely Christian. Let no fsnatioism of independence disturb the spirit of oatholio oOnoord and union; nor any want of Christian ooorage diminish bur suprpme regard for the purity of truth. To plant onrselves on the trae. basis is our lofty parpose. The Church is built, upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself beiog the head corner stone. To this we will strive to adhere. We cannot but perceive that the age is political aud secular in its tendencies. Its ruling powers are those of combination.? This secures dominion, bat is dangerous to truth. We must think, too, that a territory so immense, with a nonnlation so hetroeene 008 and discordant as that comprehended between the Atrantio and Pacific, the Lakes and the BioGrapde, is too vast for any one ohuroh. Onr Southern country is limited, homogenous, and not given to speculations. Does it not appear, then, that here is our sorest foundation for peaoe add truth ? I declare to you, brethren, my strong desire is that, under the mercy, and guiding Providence of God, the Soothern Church may be enabled to maintain ber present independent and catholic position This I will seek, and to this give*my best efforts. But, should this be otherwise ordered .by oounsels stronger than our own, let the motto of the Diocese of South Carolina, however associated, ever be: A Church Divine, not human : A Gospel pure and perfect. In conclusion, permit me, beloved brethren, to assure you of my warm Christian affection and most heartfelt sympathies with mn iti *11 th? (riilt Mil fflftirinM vnn are dow called to undergo. May God overrule all painful events to our- spiritual benefit and the glory of. His great name, through Jeans Christ our Lord 1 Very truly, yonr brother in Christ. THOMAS P. DAVIS, Bishop of the Diocese of S. CProm the New York Herald Correspondence. Inauguration of General Lee as President of the Washington College. Lexington, Va., October 2, 1865.? General Robert E. Lee was to day installed President of Washington College. There was no pomp of parade. The exercises of installation were the simplest possible?an exact and barren compliance with the Required formula of taking the oath by the new President, and nothing more. This was in accordance with the special request of General Lee. It was proposed to have the Installation take plaoeJ in the college chapel, to send invitations far and wide, to baVe a band of mnsio to play enlivening airs, to have young girls, robed in white and bearing ohaplets of flowers^, to sing songs of welcome; to. bave congratulatory speeches, to make it a grand holiday. That this proposed programme was not oarried out was a source of severe disappointment to many. Bat General Lee bad expressed his wishes to the contrary to the ohoice and determination of the college trustees and the multitude, and bis wishes were complied witn. The Installation Ceremonies.?The installation took place at nine A. M., in a recitation room of the college. In this room were seated the faculty and the students, the ministers of the town churches, a magistrate and the county clerk, the last two officials being necessary to the ceremonial? General Lee was indncted into the room by the Board of Trustees. At his entrance frnd introduction all iu the room rose, bowed and then became seated. Prayer by Bev. Dr. White, pastor of the Presbyterian ohuroh, directly followed. To me it was a noticeable fact, and perhaps worthy of record, that he prayed for the President of the United States. Altogether it was &. most fitting and impressive praynr. Judge Broekenli/raugJri Breech prayer ended, Judge Brookeobrongh, chairmain of the Board of Trustees, stated the object of their coming together, to' instal General Lee as President of the Washington College. He felt the serious dignity of the occasion, but it was a seriousness and a dignity that should be mingled with heartfelt joy and gladness. Passing a brief eulogy upon General Lee, and congratulating the hoard ana cne oouege, sau ihj preecuk and fata re students, on obtaining one so loved and great and worthy to preside over the college, he said he could say a great deal more, had it hot been voted against speech making. Daring the delivery of these few words?and they came, despite the prohibitory voting, very near culminating to the dignity of a set as well as eloquent speeob. General Letts Appearance.?General Lee remained standing, his arms quietly folded and calmly and steadfastly looking into the eyes of th# speaker. Justice WiTliam White, at the instance of Judge Brockenborough, now administered the oath of office to General Lee. For fhe benefit o! those curious to know the nature of this new oath to whioh General Lee has just subscribed, and as it is brief, I give it entire. It is as follows :? The Oath.?I do sweat that I will, to the % best of my skill and judgment, faithfully and Italy discharge the duties required of me by an act entitled "4n*etfor ineerporatiog the rector and tttuttees of Liberty ; Hell Academy," without favor, affection or partiality. So help me bod. ft The Key* give* to the Am President.? To this oath General Lee at once affixed his signature, with the accompanying usual jurat of the swearing magistrate appended. Those inquisitive enough to seek further light than that revealed in the oopied oathcan look at the aot therein referred to, and, ^ ' when found, make a note of it. The document in theform mated was handed to tlw flrmnfcr HlflrV fn* nfn and iMrnnfaul sutn. dianabip, and at the aatnc time the keys of the 'College tffere givenby the Beotor into the keeping of the new President. A congretuSfcory shaking <rf hands followed, fit . wound up the day's brief bat plearing, impressive aad memorable oeremoniai. Presidont Lee and thoee of the trustees present * with the faculty how passed into the room set apart for the formeristme?a good sized room, newly but /very plainly and taatefally furnished. General Lee's Dress and Appearance.? " General Lee was dressed in a plain but elegant suit of gray. His appearance indicated the enjoyment of good health--better, I should say, than when he surrendered bis army at Appomattox Courthouse, the first and only occasion before the present, of my having Been him. ??v -v , Brazil. " -x The slavery of Brazil is of a milder form in some respects, than was thai of the United States. .The separation of families by sale is.prohibited by law* and the slave has a right to appear, at any time before a magistrate, have bis priae fixed, and purchase his freedom.Nevertheless, there was great barbarity in tta principle upon wbiojb die . slaves were, till lately, worked, of rapid using up and constant new supplies. , Down to 1859; from fifty to a huDdred thousand slaves we re annually imported. Brazil is divided into nineteen provinces, . and has a territory about as large as that of the United States.' ' Each of these provinces b as a legislative assembly of its own, with a Governor appointed by the Eraperor. The legislative power of the Empire is vested in a General Assembly; and the Emperor has a suspensive veto. The Constitution was established in 1824, sod the empire has attained under it continued'peaee and great prosperity. At the endlrf Its fourth dfcoade it exported seventy-five million?, which is sixteen and a -half millions more than wn* exportedfcem onr own eonntry fttthe same age. Two-thirds 'of all the ooffee consumed in the world comes from Brazil, besides large quantities of sugar, cotton, tobacco and rice. Several of the provinces of Brazil hare comparatively few slaves, and have long been restless under the in- V" fiuenoeof that power. Religious toleration " is one of the fundaments! prinoiptee of the Brazilian Constitution, hot the- Roman Catholic Church, which is the Bnltenal seligion of the people, his always exerted its iofiuepoe to ameliorate the evils of slavery, onr) 1 aaVo^ tn its nlHmata UTtinnlinn Tho overthrow of that indication ha the United States most give a sew impetta to the agitation of the subject in that empire, and if the Bmperor is a wise man be will be wmbed by the signs of the times, and not attempt to make headway against that tide of emancipation which, having swept over Europe and North America, wtil rajah with en increased and irresistible-volume upon the few remaining strongholds of elafeij'.' In the address of-President Johnson to the new Brasilia** Minister then are-some significant words. ' "Oar policy/' says tire President, "is simple and easily to be on- Vderstood We wph to promote the progress of civilization in this hemisphere, and far that trarnose the develooments of the ma torial resources, the improvement of com- . merce and the introduction as fast as possible,~b( .free, intelligent labor into tbe virgin fields of tbe continent." We trust that a nation, which in so many respects resem- J bles our own, which is bound to us Ijywo many ties of interest and progress, will escape the calamities which we have suffered. In order to effect this desirable result, Usewords of President Johnson deeetve the profound consideration of the BnuAian Government. So wisna mtfc as the Emperor of Brazil must be aware that slavery on earth is doomed, and should trim ""the sails of the ship of State for a course in harmony with that inevitable result. By taking into his oWn hands the direction of this great movement in BeasO, he 'enn eonduct it to 4tsnninatkm happy "and Safofor all classes of his subjects. Bat to resist it - -wHTantiir nrtnw'iua iwmw tiro naanft. vulsious which have agitated North America, and to find slavery and himself orerwhelmed io the Qii.?RickiJicmd Times. * y . - t . *" Internal Revenue Decision?On ; Toes day, the Commiaeianer of Internal Revenue made the following decision : A dealer is a person who sells or offers to sell any goods, wares or merchandise, of foreign or domestic prod notion.' The fact that he has no. warwhpaM^ store or other fixed place at which his sales are made, in no maimer releases him from his liability to license tax as a dealer. The dealer selHng on oommiaaion for his consignors is a factor, a general bailee, charged with the legal oas tody of the goods, able to rae ana name to be sued, responsible for the fulfilment of the contraotj and is the recipient of the price. Therefore, every person receiving consignments of merchandise, in ships, boats or oin, and effecting sales and delivering the same directly from such vessels or oars, is liable far license as a dealer, which license 2 boaid cover all his sales. la. A newspaper correspondent says stealing cotton, is hardly a,mime down in Alabama. Sometimes a bale is ttolen and . re-stolen several times before Is gets to i market. _ * , ' >