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TOMJIElI YORKYILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 17, 1865. NUMBER 18.
SPEECH OF GOVEENOEPEEEY
. QV SOUTH CAEOLINA.
^ On the 3d day of July Governor Perry
ad&ro&ed a public meeting at Greenville,
- Sooth Carolina.' The Northern papers are
making great ado over his speech. It is
.^published inall the Washington, Baltimore,
Philadelphia and New York papers, and is
.much commented upofr?approvingly by
-pome, disapprovingly by others. We give
below some of the most important passages
of the address, which^ will be read with
muoh interest, from the faot that Mr. Perry
just received the appointment and entered
upon the duties of the office of Provisional
Governor of South Carolina, and in
this speech he defines his position in regard
to the war and the great issues that have
itrown ont of it
"A cruel and bloody war has swept over
the Soothers States. One hundred and
. fifty thousand of our bravest and most gallast
men have fallen on the fields of battle.
The lamf is filled with mourning widows
and orphans./ There is scareely a house in
which there has not been weeping for some
^ one lost. Three thousand millions of dollars
have been spent by the Southern States
in parrying on this war. And now we are
called upon to give np fonr millions of
slaves, worth two thousand millions of dollars
more. Our country has been ravished
/and desolated. Our cities, towns and-villages
are smouldering ruins. Conquering
armies oocupy the oountry. The Confederacy
has fallen, and we have been' deprived
of oivil government and political rights.
We have neither law nor order. TJhere is
no protection for life, liberty or property.
Everywhere there is demoralization, rapine
n A mnrAnr tTnimor nnA oturmifinn nrn
upon us.
Mr. Chairman, as much 'as we feel the
humiliation and degradation of oar present
situation, and deeply lament the losses
which have befallen the Southern States,
yet we should be happy to know that this
eta el and bloody war is over, and that peace
is once more restored to oar country. This
is a great consolation amid our wants, dis'
tresses and humiliation. The husband will^
no longer have to leave his wife and chil*
dren, the father and mother will not be
% - called upon any more to give up their sons
as vietims to the war. It is to be hoped
. that in a very short time civil'government
will be restored; that law onoe more will
' reign supreme, and that life, liberty and
property will be protected everywhere, as
they heretofore have been.
How was it, Mr. Chairman, that the
Southern States failed in their-rebellion ?,
It is true the-contest was a most unequal
one, 8,000,000 of persona fighting against
22,000,0001 The one having neither government,
army, navy or manufactures; and
the other having all these, with an influx
of foreigners and Southern negroes to inorease
their strength.
. Mr. Chairman, I will here frankly say,
as I have often said daring the past four
years, that there was not a man in the Uni>
ted Stafes who more deeply Tegretted the
secession of the Southern States than I did
at the beginning of tb6 revolution ; and
there is not now in the Sonthern States any
?nt*A n Kitf Arl r? KnmiliofiAn
Ulie VfUV iCCia UiUlO l*UG UUUJtllttUVU
;md degradation of going back into the
Union than I do. Still, I know that we
shall be more prosperons and happy in the
Union than oat of it.
It has bsen^too common, Mr. Chairman,
toattribute the failure of this great revolution
to ib* President of the late Confederacy.
This, sir, is a ml5takni__ The people were
themselves to blame for its failure. They
vrerennwiiliog to make those sacrifices whioh
were essential to its success. Many who
were most prominent in the movement never
did anything for it after the war commenced.
Insteaid of seeking their proper position,
in front of the battle, tbey sought ''bombproofs"
for themselves and their sons.?
There wore others who got into "soft places"
and "official positions," where they
oould speculate and make fortunes on Government
fands.
In fact, towards the latter part of the
war, it seemed that every one was trying to
' keep out of the army, and was willing to
nan anntViincr and mnkf? rtnv snnrifinA fn dr>
f-J ?J-?f> J ? ?
so. When General Johnston surrendered
his army he had on.bis muster roll 70,000
men, -but only 14,000 to be carried into battle
! General Lee's army was in the same
condition. Where were the absentees ?
At home, on fnrlough, Staying over their
fnrloughs, deserted and straggling! At no
time daring the last three years of the war
was there more than one-third of the army
ready to march into battle ! How was it
possible for the Southern people to succeed
acting thus ?
Congress, too, Mr. Chairman, is greatly
to blame for their exemptions. All between
the ages of eighteen and forfy-fivo should
have been forced into the army and kept
there. It mattered not whether he was a
doctor, lawyer, preacher, or school-teacher,
if ah able-bodied man, he should have been
sent to the army. But, strange to say, the
three classes of men who were mainly instrumental
in plunging their country into
thin mnd revolution, were all exemDted bv
~~~ """ * *7^ & #
Congress from fighting. This waa not fctir.
The man who gets np a fight should always
^ take his share of it.
It has been said, and repeated all over
the Southern States, that the South has sustained
a great loss in the death of President
Lincoln. I do hot think so. President
Johnson is a muoh abler and firmer man
than Lincoln was. Ho is in every way more
acceptable to the South. In the first place
be is a Southern man, and Lincoln was a
Northern man. He is a Democrat, and
* Lincoln was a Whig and Republican.?
President Johnson was a slave-holder, well
acquainted with the institution, and knows
what is proper to be done in the great
change which is taking pla'oe. President
Lincola was wholly unacquainted with
slavery and Southern institutions. President
Johnson is a man of iron will and
nerve, like Andrew JaoksoD, and will adhere
to bis principles and political faith.
Oq the Other hand, President LidcoId
showed himself to be nothing more than
day in the bands of the potter, ready to
change his measures and principles at the
bidding of his party. President Johnson
has filled all the highest and most honorable
offices in the State of Tennessee with
great ability and satisfaction to the people.
There is to stain or blot on bis private
charaoter. The ablest speech ever delivered
in the Senate of the United States, on
the issues between the North and South
was made by President Johnson. He voted
for Breckenridge in the Presidential
canvass of 1860. Judging, then, from his
antecedents, the South should have every
hope and confidence in him.
Mr. Chairman, the future to my mind, is
Dot so gloomy as some would have us believe.
I have do doubt that io ten years
the Southern States will be happy and prosperous
again, and we shall find that the loss
of slavery will be no loss at all to our real
comfort and satisfaction. The planter and
farmer will find that bis net profits are greater
with hired labor than with slave labor.
The idleness and vagrancy of the nogro,
in a free state, may be a nuisance to sooiety.
I have no doubt, in nine cases out of ten,
freedom will prove a curse instead of a
blessing to the negro. No one should turn
off his negroes, if they are willing to remain
with him for their victuals and clothes,
and work" -as they have heretofore done.?
They bad no agency in bringing about the
ohange which has taken place, and we
should feel no ill will toward them on that
account.
But Mr. Chairman, the secession of eleven
or twelve sovereign States, composing
one-half of the territory of the United
States, was something more than a rebellion.
It was legitimate war between the two seo
j tl aiiai* A?
IIUUS; uuu luejr uuteu tuvruiu cauu uvuc*
throughout the war as recognized belligerents,
and were so treated and recognized by
foreign nations. Prisoners were exohanged
between the two belligerents, and none were
treated as traitors daring the whole of the
four year's war. Hundreds of thousands
of prisoners were thus exchanged. The
highest generals, as well as the humblest
privates, were treated as captured soldiers
by both Governments, and exohanged.
Surely a general officer who has been exchanged
while this gigantic war has been
W8ging, cannot now be demanded as a trait,
or, tried and executed as a traitor.
There have been few cational wars in
Europe in whioh greater armies wore carried
into service and on the field of battle.
To call such a war a rebellion simply is a
misapplication of terms. The greatest and
best men of the Southern-States were most
conscientiously leading this waty either in
; council or on the field of battle.
In all history there is hot a more perfect
model*of a pure and great man ("save Washington)
than General Lee. That he should
now be hanged as a traitor would be an act
of national infamy that would shook the
whole civilized world, and reader the name
of the United States odious in history.
While I do not think, Mr. Chairman,
that the whole people of the 'Southern
States have behaved well in this war, and
done their duty at home and on the field of,
battle, yet there is a very large proportion
of them who have won immortal honors,
and whose glory in war and wisdom in
council will illustrate many a bright page
in history. They have been unsuccessful
in their revolution, but this should not, and
does not, detract their beroio gallantry
on the field of battle, or their statesmu!?R^p
in fhfl nnhinntnr halla oflegislation. Thev
will be remembered and honored as beroes
and patriots, not only at the South, - but in
tb'e North, too, as soon as passion subsides,
and sober reason and calm reflection assume
I their sway over the public mind.
I cannot and would not Mr. Chairman,
ask my fellow-oitizens to forget the past in
this war 2? far as the North is concerned.
There have been deeds of atrocity committed
by tbe United States armies WuIC- ?nv*
er can be forgotten in the Southern States.
But I do entreat them to become loyal cit
izeDs and respect the national authorities of
the Republic. Abandon, at once and forever,
all notions of secession, nullification
and disunion. There is no reason why
there should bo any sectional jealousy or ill
feeling between the North and the South.
They are greatly necessary to eaoh other.
Their interests are dependent and not rival
interests; and now that slavery is abolis&ed,
there will be no bone of contention between
the two seotions.
#
Confiscation.?We publish quite a
long list of citizens of Virginia whose property
has been seized for confiscation. The I
list is long, but it seems the work has only
begun in that State. Aa VP 1?a:
ble to see any local reason existing in Vir|
ginia to account for so much' confiscation.
: lip to this time we have heard of no confis|
cation act in North Carolina. No process
! has been ordered or commenoed against the
property of any citizen," so far as wc are
! informed. It is greatly to be hoped that
; our citizens may continue to be favored,
I and may continue to escape ..the agents of
j confiscation. In Virginia there is more of
i dissension and of ill feeling, and every man
seems gratified to inform against his neigh- i
bor and see him suffer. We hope our citizens
will be more prudent, more kind and
forgiving.?Raleigh Standard.
Good advice timely given. We don't
! see wbat tne trovernmeut cbu gam m iae
long run by. confiscating the property of the
; Southern people. It will put but little
i money into tho National Treasury while the
innumerable number of petty officeholders
I will stuff their pockets. Confiscation will
I engender a hate for the Government that
| nothing can eradioate. Mean and low-life
indeed must be the southern man who
urges on the confiscation of his neighbor's
property. We join the Standard in hoping
that the citizens of North Carolina may
maintain kind feeling towards each other
and escape the confiscation agents.?Charlotte
Democrat*
From the Cohnribla Phmnij.
BETTER FROM GEN. HAMPTON.
Sir : Nameroas communications having
been addressed to me, proposing to form a
colony to emigrate, I take this method of
answering them, not only on aooount of
their number, but because of the want of
all mail facilities. The desire to leave a
country which has been reduced to such a
deplorable condition as ours, and whose future
has so little of hope, is doubtless rs
wide spread as it is natural. But I doubt
the propriety of this expatriation of so many '
of our best men. The very faot that our
State is passing through so terrible an ordeal
as the present, should cause her sons
to cling the more olosely Jo her. My advioe
to all of my fellow-citizens is, that
they should devote their whole energies
to the restoration of law and order, the
re-establishment of agriculture and commerce,
the promotion of education and
the rebuilding of our cities and dwellings
wbioh have been laid in ashes. To accomplish
these objects ?the highest that patriot-,
ism can conceive?I recommend that all
who oan do so should take the oath of allegiance
to the United States Government, so
.that they may participate in the restoration
of civil government to our State. War,
after four years of heroic.but unsuccessful
struggle, has failed to secure to us the rights
for which we engaged in it. To save any
of our .rights?to resoue anything more
from the general ruin?will require all the
Statesmanship and all the patriotism of our
citizens. If the Best men of our oountry? 1
those who for years past have risked their
lives in her defence?refuse to take the oath,
they will be excluded from the counoils of
tne State, ana us aestiny win oe commuted
of necessity to those who forsook her
in the hoar of need, or to those who woald
gladly pall her down to irretrievable rain. ;
To gaard against saoh a calamity, let all
trne patriots devote themselves, with zeal !
and honesty of .purpose, to the restoration 1
of law, the blessings of peace and to the 1
| resoue of whatever of liberty -may be 1
saved from the general wreck. If, after an 1
honest effort to effect these objects, we fail,
we can then seek a home in another coun- 4
try. A distinguished oitigen of oar State ]
?an honest man and a true patriot?has '
been appointed Governor.. He,will soon
call a convention of the people, which will 1
bo charged with the most vital interests of *
oar State. Choose for this Convention yoar 1
best and truest men not those who have | 1
Bkalbed ia the hoar of danger?nor those
who have worshipped Mammon, while tbeif j
country was bleeding at every pore?nor
the politician, who, after urging war, darod
not encounter its liardships?bat those' who
laid their all upon the altar of their country.
Select saoh men and make them
serve as your representatives. Yoa trill
then be sare' that yoar rights will not be -
wantonly sacrificed, nor your liberty bartered
for a mess of pottage. My intention is
to pursue the course I recommend to others.
Besides the obligations I owe my
State, there are otfcars of a personal character
which will not permit me to leave the
country at presents I shall devote myself
earnestly, if idlowed to do so, to the discharge
of these obligations both public and
private. In the'meantime, I shall obtain
all information which would be desirable in
the establishment of a colony, in case we
should be ultimately be forced to leave the
country. I invoke my fellow-citizens?especially
those. who have shared with me the
perils and the glories of the last four years !
?to stand by our State manfully and truly. '
The Roman Senate voted thanks to one^o? their
generals, because in (be darkest hour 1
of the Republic, he did not despair. Let 1
us emulate the example of the Roman, and *
thus entitle ourselves to tl^e gratitude of
our country. Respectfully, yours,
Wade Hampton. ]
- 7 T
The U- S. House op Representa- }
tives.?By an aot of Congress, May 23,
1850, the number of representatives was ,
established ,ftt 233 of which number was apportioned
among the several State9 in 1862, ^
upon the basis of 124,183 population.? (
Several large fractions occurring, Congre?3, j
by an act of March 4, 1862, gave an addi
?' i / n _i* TI
tional nJfemner to eaca 01 roe owes 01 xi- ,
lioois, Iowa, Minnesota, Kentncky, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont, ,
Thus increasing the number to 241. Ne- j
vada having since been admitted to the, (
Union with one member, the total is now
242. The present apportionment stands a j
fi*ed fact unjtil the _3rd of March, 1873 ]
The eleven States now in prooess of re or!
ganization are entitled under it to the fol-' i
I lowing representation ; (
Virginia, 8 ; North Carolina, 7; South j
Carolina, 4; Georgia, 7; Florida^l;. Ala-'
bama, 6;. Mississippi, 5; Louisiana, 5; .
Texas, 4; Arkansas, St; aqd Tennessee, 8. .
j Total 68. ,
Elections of members have been made ,
for the Thirty-ninth Congress in all the
States of the Union, except the aforesaid <
eleven, and Kentucky and Nevada. Of ,
the ISO members already elected. 144 were
nVinenn nn T.innnln ftolroto nnrl Sfl hw t.hfi
UUVJwU "J j
opposition. It is difficult to make political ,
estimates of the future; but in any event, ,
the Republican Bide will have a clear maj
jority of 48 in a full House a3 follows :
Republican. Opposition, j
i 23 State have elected 144 36 ,
| 2 (Kentucky and Nevada,)
estimated 4 0
11 Southern States , ? 58
Total 148~ loo
Mexico.?It is reported in Northern papars
that intelligence from Mexico indicates
that Maximillian will soon abdicate
the throne and return to Europe. It is
stated that President Johnson is in favor of
, officially notifying the Emperor of France
that Maximillian must be withdrawn from
Mexico, and in case of the refusal of Napoleon
to comply, that U S. troops be directed
to oross the Rio Grande and advanoe
on the Mexioan Capital. We place no reliance
in such reports. " *
DIRECTIONS FOR ADMINISTERING
AND RECORDING THE
AMNESTY OATH.
The following official circular has been
issued: . ' '- >
Department or State,
Washington, May 29, 1865.
Sir : A copy of the President's amnesty
proclamation of this date is herewith appended.
By a clause in the instrument the
Secretary of State is directed to establish
rules and regulations for administering and
recording the amnesty oath, so as to insnre
its benefits to the people and guard the government
against fraud. Pursuant to this
* " - - '? -J it._ ..iL
injunction, yoa are imuruiwt* mot imu uum
prescribed in tbe proclamation may. be taken
and'subscribed before any commissioned
officer, civil, military or naval, in tbe
service of tbe United States, or any oivil
or military officer of a loyal State or Territory,
who by the laws thereof &ay be qnalified
for administerrng'ttt&?'>; Afrufficers
who receive snoh oaths are hereby authorized
to give certified copies thereof to the
persons respectively by whom they were
made; and snob officers are hereby Required
to transmit the originals, of snoh oaths, at
as early a 'day as may be convenient', to this
department, where they will be deposited
and remain in the archives of the government.
A register thereof will be kept in
the department, and on application, in
proper cases, certificates of such reoords
will be issued in the customary form of official
certificates. I am, sir, your obedient
servant," WM. H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State.
Apanestv Proclamation.
By the President of the United States of
America.'
Whereas, tho President of the United
States, on the eighth day' of Deoember, A.
tf., eighteen hundred and sixty three, and
on the twenty sixth day of March, A. D.,
sighteen hundred and sixty four, *dfd, with
the objeot to suppress the existing rebellion,
to induce all persons to return to their
loyalty and to restore the authority of tho
Doited States, issue proclamations offering
lmnesty and pardon to certain persons who
bad, directly or by implication, participated
in the said rebellion ; and
Whereas, many persons, who had so enIn
?Ka1linn hgva oinnn fliA iaun.
^agou iU OUIU iWUWUiVUj HMVV M*UWW ?MV IWW.
icbe of said proclamation,failed or neglected
to take the benefits offered thereby;
ind
Whereas, many persons who have been
ustly deprived of all claim ft ocpn.eaty and
pardon thereunder by reason of^&ei^.pariicipation,
direotly or by implieiuiou, in
laid rebellion and continued hostility to the .
government of the United States sifice the
late of said proclamation now desire to apply.
for?nd.obtain amneaty^and pardon;
To this end, thereforoy-fbafetho authority
)f the government of the~ftifited States may
je restored, and that peace, order and free-,
lorn may be established, I, Andrew Johnion,
President of the United States, do projlaim
and declare that I hereby grant to all
persona wlio have directly or indirectly participated
in the existing rebellion, except
is hereinafter excepted, amnesty and parIon,
with restoration of all rights of property,
except as to slaves, and except in cases
where legal proceedings, andet the laws of
;hg United States providing for the confiscation
of property of persons engaged in reaellion,
have, been instituted, bat on the
condition, nevertheless", that every such person
shall take and snbscribe the following
>ath or affirmation, and thpnoe forward
?eep and maintain said path' inviolate, and
which oath shall be registered for permanent
preservation, and shall be of the tenor
tnd effect following, io wit i
I , do'solepmly swear "or affirm, in presence
it Almighty God, that 1 will henceforth faithfully support
ind defend the constitution of the United Stales and the
Union of the States thereunder, and that I will, in like
nanner, abide bv anttfniihftdiy support all laws andprocamutloiiH
tvplch have been made during the existing w'Cllion
with reference to tlie emancipation of slave*., So
iclp mc Go<!.Thc
following classes of persons are ex:epted
from the benefits of this proclamation:
First?All who are, or shall have been,
pretended civil or diplomatic offioers, or
itberwise, domestic or foreign agents of the
pretended Confederate government.
Second.?All who left judicial stations
imder the United States to aid the rebellion.
Third.?All who shall have been milita?
. aA! Anna nr.iJ MMAr/inilnfl
iy ur uavai uiuu^in ui omu yirjvauuwu wufederate
government above the rank of Colonel
in the army or Lieutenant in'the navy.
Fourth.?All who left seats in the Con.
gress of the United States to aid tho rebellion.
Fifth.?All
who resigned or tendered
resignations of their commissions in the army
ar navy of the United States to evade duty
in resisting the rebellion
.Sixth.?All who have engaged in any
way in treating otherwise than lawfully as
prisoners of war, persons found in the United
States servioe, as officers, soldiers, seamen,
or in other capacities.
Seventh.?All persons who have been
sr are absentees from the United States for
the purpose of aiding the rebellion.
' Eighth.?All military and naval offioers
in the rebel service who Vere educated by
the government in the. Military Academy
at West Point, or the United States Naval
Academy. .*
Ninth.?All persons who held the pretended
offices of Governors of States in insurrection
against the United Statos.
Tenth All nersons who left their homes
within the jurisdiction and protection of the
United States, and passed beyond the Federal
military lines into the so called Confederate
States for the purpose of aiding
the rebellion.
Eleventh AH persons who have been
engaged in the destruction of the oommeroq,
of the United States npon the high seas,
and all persons.who have made raids into
United States from Canada, or been engaged
in destroying the commerce of the United
States npon the lakes and rivers that separate
the .British provinces from the United
States'.
Twelfth.?All persons who, at the time
when tbey seek to obtain the benefits hereof
by taking the oath herein prescribed, are in I
military, naval or oivil confinement or cos-,
tody, or under bonds of the civil, .military
or naval anthorities'of agents of the United
States, as prisoners of war or persons detained
for offences of any kind either before
or after convfotion.
Thirteenth..?All persons who have voluntarily
participated in said rebellion, and
the estimated value of whose taxable property
is over twenty thonsand dollars.
Fourteenth.?All persons who have taken
the oath of amnesty as prescribed in the
President's proclamation of December eight,
A. D. one thonsand eight hundred and
sixty three, or.an oath of allegiance to the
government of the United States since the
date of said proclamation, and who have
not thenceforth kept and maintained the
same inviolate:
Provided, That special application may
be made to the- President for pardon by any
person belonging to tha excepted classes,
and each clemency will be liberally extended
as may be consistent with the facts of
the case and the peace and dignity of the
United States.
The Seoretary of State will establish
rales and regulations for administering and
recording the said amnesty oath so as to insure
its benefit to the people, .and guard the
government against fraud.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand and caused the seal of the United
States to be affixed.
Done at the oity of Washington, the twenty-ninth
day of May, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and sixty five, and of the independence of
the United States; the eighty-ninth.
. ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the'President:
Wm. H. Sewabd, Secretary of State.
PETITIONS FOE PARDON*
Parties forwarding Petitions for Pardon
through the Governor's office, in drawing
them should observe the following directions
:?
1st.?Address the Petition to the President
of the United States.
2nd.?State the name, age, residence |
and occupation of the applioant.
3rd.?State toe general conduct ot toe
applicant daring the rebellion, and the part
taken therein, which may render his prop*
erty liable to confiscation. J
4th.?State the clause in the Amnesty }
Proclamation of; May 29th, 1865, undor
which he cornea.. .j
5th.?Slate that the applicant has taken ,
the Oath-of Amnesty'as prescribed by the ,
President's Proclamation of May -29th,
1865, and his intentipn to observe the same. ,
6th.?Sign the petition.
7th.?Attach to the petition, with mucilage
or wafers, a copy of the Amnesty
Oath, sworn and; subscribed to by the' ap
pi i cant. ' ' '.-vi.-.r
The petition should be written'on large
i ' j r_ij-j
size jeicer, ur luuiscup paper, uuu iuiuuu ,
with the lines of the writing.
Make no endorsement on the back of the ,
petition. By observing these directions,
applicants will secure promptness in the ,
consideration of . their petitions. j
Caution to Persons Seekinq Par- '
dons.?A despatch from Washington gives
the following timely warning against that 1
class of persons who are springing np all 1
through the country as 'pardon brokers f (
<A number of persons who have commenoed
business as 'pardon brokers/ and '
are receiving fees of various amounts ac- 1
oording to the ability of^heir olients to pay 1
for the services they are supposed to render. ]
Tf io ftooiroi} fVict if chrtnli) ho I-r.r?ton fhaf. '
such persons, whatever influence they may '
pretcrf to have, eaunofc facilitate the procaring
of saoh pardons. On the contrary,
iq. cases where it is known to the President '
that duo of these brokers has been employed,
it delays rather than hastens attention
to tho application.
For t#e South?A Washington correspondent
of the N. Y. New* communicates
the following:" - 'i
"A steady stream of white laborers from i
the North and from Europe (for the South)
has set in during the last three months ; .
and this influx will continue to grow larger i
for nine months to come. All the seoond I
class trains on the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad running to Parkersbarg oo the
Qhio river, as well aa (hose an-the railroad
between Washington and Richmond, just
opened, axe crowded with Irish and German
laborers. They are going down, the Ohio
and Mississippi Paver in steamboats to various
points in Tennessee,- Mississippi, Alabama,
Louisiana and Arkansas; and to the interior
of Virginia, North Carolina and
Sooth Carolina."
What the People Want.?The AT
Y. Journal of Commerce very truthfully
says the people want peace, fraternal relations,
reciprocal commercial intercourse,
reduction of public expenditures, and a,
restoration df civil power in National and
State governments. The negro suffrage
question, which agitates the minds of some
politicians anxious to ride into power afad
office, will hardly prove a sufficient hobby
for their purposes. The people will soon
begin to think more of their taxes than
of tho negro, and will look with little interest
on this philanthropic abstraction. It
is time to dovote more attention to the poor
white man and his children, and aid in
promoting his welfare.
Tennessee.?The exoitement- in-Tennessee
relative to the approaching eleotion
still continue^, though in a modified form
on the part of the pro-slavery-party since
the decisive announcement of Gov. Brownlow
4bat the laws shall be exeonted at all
bazardB. The candidates for Congress are
addressing the voters in different parts of
tho State, the secessionists in their speeohes
impudently denouncing both the national
and State governments. In.addition to the
troubles of political agitation, several connties
in the oentral portion of the State are
still infested by bands of guerrilla robbers. 1
.* * * ' * * " * f \ j . * -
THE TAX LAW. I*
The United States Tax Bill is a subject ?
of much interest to all, and one upod which u
most of ou^oitiaens have had very little 1
chance of informing themselves; hence we
publish some of its most important provis- c
ions, that people may know what they will ?
have to pay, and what they will not have to t<
pay, that they may not; hereafter be annoyed
by unnecessary apprehension.
"There shall be paid annually upon the 1
annual gains, profits, and income of every *
person residibgin theTJnited States, wheth*. h
er derived from any kind of property, rents, c
interests, dividends or salaries, or from any ii
profession, trade, employment or vooation,
carried on in the United States, or else- 1
where, or from any other souroe whatever, p
a duty ot live -per centum on tne excess a
over six hundred dollars and not exceeding h
five thousand dollars, and a duty of ten per a
oentum on the excess over five thousand s
dollars." "And the duty herein provided p
for shall be assessed, collected, and paid upon a
the gains, profits and inoome for the year err- e
ding the 31st of December, next prece- 8
ding the time for levying, collecting and si
paying said duty." il
This is the most important clause of the tl
law; the one of general application for ii
the execution of which it ^provided, "That ii
it shall be the duty of all persons of lawful 1
age to make and render a list in Buoh man* r<
ner as may be prescribed by the Commis* ii
sioner of Internal Revenue, of the amount si
of their inoome, gains or- profits as afore- Jl
said," under oath. h
No farmer, manufacturer, mechanic or ii
any person will pay any tax at all, on his o
income, nnless it amounts to six hundred tl
dollars, after dedaoting the necessary ex- tl
peases for carrying on his basiness. Ia ad- b
dition to this he is allowed to dedaot his It
hoase rent and all taxes he pays to the a
general Government, to the State, County ei
and town from his necessary expenses, and G
he pays no inoome tax at all, unless bis Y
income amounts to more than six hundred w
dollars after thestf deductions are made* nc
Jn the event- that a man is unable to pay w
his taxes, and his property has to be taken yt
by the government agents and sold -for that a
purpose, the law reserves to him the follow- d
ing articles: "The tools or implements of tc
his trade or profession, one' cow, arms and tl
provisions, household furniture kept for use, ai
school books and apparel necessary for a tt
Family." . tt
In addition to this there are many epeoi- ti
Bed taxes, on$ a few of which are of gen- ot
oral interest enough to pur citizen* to be h
noticed in a short article like this. ? - it
Merchants who sell over twenty-five thon- ic
sand dollars pay fifty dollars tax?those st
who-sell over one thousand and ande7 twen- 01
ty-five thousand pay ten dollars tax, and m
those selling under one thousand are not
raxea. . ; .
The tax on Hqnorsi may be summed up as g
follows: Distillers making over three han- y
dred barrels, pay a license of fifty dollars; to
those making less than three hundred, pay
twenty-five dollars j those making less than
one hundred and fifty barrels of apple
or peach brandy, pay twelve dollars and G
fifty cents. In addition to this, a tax of
two dollars has to be paid on every gal-' so
Ion of whisky and a tax of a dollar and fif- cc
ty cents on every gallon of brandy, and eve- in
ry retailer of liquors must pay twenty-five e\
dollars tax. in
Lawyers, physiciaps and dentists pay ten fb
dollars tax each. Auctioneers from ten to cc
twenty, according to sales, and one-fourth of la
one per oenUon amount of sales. Cotton in
pays two cents .a pound; manufactured to- m
baoco forty cents a pound; snuff forty cents ti<
a pound, and cigars ten dollars per thousand, cc
n .J i 1 J i.L-w. ' p A._
uurnugetj uuu guiu waicnes irom one 10 III
two dollars each, according to value; pi- ti
boob pay from two to four dollars, according tl
to quality. * , in
411 railroads and stage routes pay a tax la
of two and a half per cent, on the gross a- si
mount of their receipts, and ferries pay pi
three per cent. All manufaotarers of cotton tc
or wool pay a license of ten dollars, am} a w
tax of five per cent, on the valae of goods a
they make. ic
For the purpose of exeenting this law 01
North Carolina has been divided into-three
districts, and an assessor and collector will -ai
be. appointed for each district. . at
Eaoh assessor will appoint as many assis- ra
tants as he needs; he and each assistant th
must be a resident of the district where he m
performs his dnties. They have to visit ol
svery man and take a list of his taxables ti<
md return tho same to Jie collectors. The ef
issessora compensation is fifteen hnndred tn
dollars a year and one per oent. oommissions th
?n *!! sums under four hundred thousand to
lollars?each assistant assessor is allowed th
four dollars a day and small fees.. ml
The duty of the collectors is to receive mi
'.he list from the assessor, collect the taxes th
md pay tbo money over to the government. Tl
Se can.appoint as many deputies as be needs be
"or the due execution of his office, each one wl
>f whom as well as himself, must be a resi- th
lent of the locality where he performs hie
ifficial duties.. The collector is entitled to nc
i salary of fifteen hundred dollars apd a se
iom mission of three per cent, on all soma w<
inder one hundred thousand dollars, and a be
jommission of one per cent on all sums over pe
>ue hundred thousand and less than four tw
mndred thousand. Out of this salary and ha
hese fees he has to pay all his deputies, as -se]
hey have no salary or fee.
Tl^e tax of forty cents a pound laid on an
aariufactored tobacco, was intended tp be to
>aid by the manufacturer, bnt there is no ov
iffioer in the State authorized to collect it. pe
ELenoe it can only be paid by those who tei
ibip tobacco to other States. The same may th<
>e said of the tax of two cents a pound on
lotton.
The foregoing is*the present United States
Hevenne Law?as it now exists; in it there
s no tax on lands at all, bat in the plaoe 1
hereof, a tax on the income of all farmers of
vhp clear mtpreihan five bandied dollars a Al
fear. , M
There is, however, a back tax on lands to W
>ccollected for one year only, as the iaw all
m repealed after one year. ThirUx*
lighty cento on every hundred doHaaT
orth of land, rained by the tax books of
860-.
This tax *iil finally be eolleofced io every
ounty in the State, but a very liberal time
rill be giv^n, so that all may have a chance
> pay without inconvenience.
Raleigh Standard.
HTBENAL BJttVJBflUJS DECISION.
The Oommlssioner of loternal Eevennc
as jnst made the following important deision
in reference to the duty on liibfup
n the late inrarrectionafy States:
Tobacco manufactured prior to Sept 1, '
862, and sold but never removed from the
lace of manufacture) is liable to the rttbyf
!uty, imposed by the act WW in force. Tolaooo
made subsequent to Sept. 1,1862, '
nil nrinr to .Tune SO. IMti. if It 1mm hmvn
old, will bo liable to the ratos of dttoim.
losod by the aat of July 1, 1862, anfe#?:
mend men t act of March 8, 1868, wheosrr
it is moved beyond the insurrefltfnipy
tates j if it has never been sold, but fa
till in possession of the menafobbM&r, then
i will be subject, when sdld or removed, to
he rates of duty import by t|el*w bow
i force. Manufactured tobaeoo, in the
isarrectionary States' made prior jo April
, 1865, and not owned by the manufactusr
when sold, either to be consnmed in an
2surreotionaiy State, or to be
lid State, is liable to the tax imposed by
he .law now in force. Tobacco in the
ands of a purchaser may be sold indefinely
witbm the insurieotiooary States wiihat
becoming liable to the tax ; bnfc when
he same is sold to be transported bcyjjnd
he limits of said insurrectionary States, ft
ecomes liable to the tax imposed by the
lw in force at the time the first Sale w the
ime tobacco was made by the manttfaeturr
thereof. Tobaeoo from Virginia or North
arolrua cannot be shipped by way of New
ork to New Orleans, though, the same
as made and sold prior toCbe establish lent
of Collection Districts in said State,
ithout the payment of the to*. - The tax
ould accrue oh tobacco maDnfkotitred by
firm, should said firm, on being dissolved,
ivide the stock on' hand of manufaetared.
tbacoo amoDg the individual memben of
le firm. If a sale of riaid tobacco sfaaali
towards be made, to be carried .beyond
te limits of said iwrarreotjonary States,~
ie rate of tax would be determined hy the
me when such first sale waft made. In all
taes where any party shall make claims to *
aye his goods rasssgrred at a different rate
om the current rates trader the laws now
i force, it will be incumbent upon him to
?qw to the entire satisfaction of the a|sess'
that the precise time when the sale was
>ade entitles him to a lower rate'of duty.
?-? . .. ?
A Sensible* Obese.?Major. General .
[artsuff, the commander at Petersburg,
a., has issued the following braer in regard
i the rights of the negro:
Headquarters United States Forces, \
Petersbujg, April 24,1865."" J-.
eneral Orders No. 11 * _ "
The delusions which many colored per.
ma, formerly slaves, are laboring undgr
incernihg their rightsand privileges,-havg
been in many instances pmjNsljfg of
ril, and giving prospect of mush tumble
the future both to themselves and their
rmer masters, it ti deemed necessary to
irreot it and explain what are the-true vs.
tione their changed oondition places them
towards the government and thffe&rer
masters, as well as what t&ir owu <la88
and responsibilities, are. ^Thejr enw
ibsisted by t&m^thoBt'beiog ohHgcd to"
ibor or givp any remuneration for .their
roperty of their former owner belongs now
(themselves, and that the owner remains
ith them only, by their ?uffoVanee/: Tbis
listake has been originated and sastaincd
i maov instances by thoughtless, ignorant
r misohievoos soldiers.
It is therefore stated, for this information
id guidance of negroi|raformerlj slaves, .
id for the benefit, of themselves, their for.,
er masters and society wher^ they live,
tat the operations of existing laws is to
ake them free, but not togivn them my
aim whatever upon, or rights io oonnec30
with, the property of their former owns.
Tbey are at liberty to make any oenact
or agreement concerning themselves
at a white man may, and eqoaliy bound
abide bj it. Their former master has
e right to refuse them ynything that he
igbt deny to a perfect stranger, and is an
are bound to feed,' clothe or pcotfcet* them
an if He had never been their master.?
:ey may remain with him if he and they
>th desire it and agree on the tenm in
tiioh case each party is equally bound by
e contract. . Se-*
The fact most in time be learned by all
Igroes, and the sooner ft* better for them?
? /i .'.fc.i ~*.l. r
lves ana an coocsrsBU, rqat may must
>rk fcr their support now, the same as
fore they were free; in some instances
rhaps 67en harder. The difference be*
een then and now being that now they
ve the entire wages of their labor to them;VeB.
* *
All colored persona living in the oonntry
?informed that it is ranch better for them
remain then than to cone to the already
eretocked city, and that they will not bo
rmitted to come here for work' or tobeiajoe
unless they cannot obtain theta where"
ey*ate. . >'. -V By
command of Msj-flea'l. Hardsnff.
- . J. M. Howasd,
Major and Aoting Adjutant General.
if We harO to announce the comptetfon
the Western and Atlaotfe Rail Bond to
;lanta, making direct cornmumoathm to
aeon and Angola from the North and
est. We find that A3 road enttspnses
over tbe Soathare beinif revived.
" ""- * * *i?v