Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, July 25, 1861, Image 2
PBESIDMT DAVIS' MESSAGE.
Richmond, July 20.?Gentlemen: My
message addressed to yon at the commencement
of the session contained such full information
of the state of the Confederacy as
to render it unnecessary that I should now
do more than call your attention to snob important
facts as have occurred during the recess
and to matters connected with public events.
I have again to congratulate you on
the accession of new members to our Confederation
of free, equal and sovereign
States. Our loved and honored brethren
of North Carolina and Tennessee have conaumated
the action foreseen and provided for
at your last session, and I have had the
gratification of announcing by proclamation,
in conformity with law, that those States
were admitted into the Southern Confederacy.
The people of Virginia also, by a majority
previously unknown in her history,
have ratified the action of her Convention,
by uniting her fortunes with ours. The
States of Arkansas, North Carolina and Virgina
have likewise adopted the permanent
Constitution of the Confederate States, and
no doubt is entertained of its adoption by
Tennessee at the election to be held early
next month.
I deemed it advisable to direct the removal
of the several Executive Departments,
with their archives, to this city, to which
you had removed the seat of Government.
Immediately after your adjournment the aggressive
movements of the enemy required
prompt and energetic aotion. The accumulation
of his forces on the Potomac sufficiently
demonstrated his efforts were to be
direoted against Virginia, and from no point
oould necessary measures for her defence
and protection be so efficiently directed as
from her own capital. The rapid progress
of events for the last few weeks has fully
sufficed to strip the veil behind which the
true policy and purposes of the Government
of the United States had been previously
concealed, and their odious features now
stand fully revealed. The message of their
President and the action of their Congress ,
during the present month confess their intention
of subjugating these States by a
war whose folly is only equalled by its wickedness?a
war by which it is impossible to .
attain the proposed result, whilst its dire ,
calamities, not to be avoided by us, will
fall with double severity on themselves.
Commencing in March last, with the attectation
of ignoring the secession of seven States <
which first organized the Government; !
persisting in April in idle and absnrd as- <
sumption of the existence of a riot, which 1
was to be dispersed by a posse com mi tat- 1
ub ; continuing in successive months the 1
false representation that these States in- i
tended offensive war in spite of conclusive t
evidence to the contrary, furnished as well t
by official action, as by the very basis on c
which this Government is constituted ; the c
President of the United States and his ad- \
visers succeeded in deceiving the people of c
those States into the belief that the pur- e
pose of this government was not peace at ]
home, but conquest abroad ; not defence of 1
its own liberties, but the subversion of those s
of the people of the United States. The t
scries of manoeuvres by which this impres- ?
sion was created, the art with which they c
were devised, and the perfidy with which f
they were executed, were already known to s
you, bat you could scarcely have supposed e
that they would be openly avowed, and c
their success made the subject of boast and r
elf laudation in an Executive message.? f
Fortunately for the truth of history, how- j
ever, the President of the United States c
details with minuteness the attempt to re- a
inforce Fort Pickens, in violation of an ar- i
mistice of which he confesses to have been j
informed, but only by rumors which were (
too vague and uncertain to fix the attention.
The hostile expedition dispatched to supply
Fort Sumter was admitted to have been
undertaken with the knowledge that its
success was impossible. The sending of (
notice to the Governor of South Carolina of ^
his intention to use force to accomplish his
object, and then quoting from his inaugu- c
ral address, gave the assurance that there t
could be no conflict unless these States were ^
aggressive. "We were aggressors, he pro- r
coeds to declare. His conduct, as just re- *
* " i r it. r _ r
latea Dy mmseii, was me pertormauce 01 ^
this promise, so free from the power of in- j
genious sophistry as that the world should t
not be able to misunderstand it, and in de- v
fiance of his own statement, that he gave a
notice of the approach of a hostile fleet, he t
charges these States with becoming the as- t
sailauts of the United States, without a gun j
in sight or in expectancy, to return their ^
fire, save only a few in the fort. He is, in- ^
deed, fully justified in sayiDg that the case ^
is so free from the power of ingenious so- t
phistry that the w?rld will not be able to t
misunderstand it. -Under cover of the un- v
founded pretence, that the Confederate t
States are the assailants, that high function- t
ary, after expressing his concern that some t
foreign nations had so shaped their action (
as if they supposed an early destruction of ,
our national Union probable, abandous all t
further disguise, and proposes to make this t
contest a short and decisive one, by placing g
at the control of the government for the c
work at least 400,000 men and $400,000,- j
000. The Congress, concurring in the |.
doubt thus intimated as to the sufficien-,,
cy of the force demanded, has increased it (
to half a million men. This enormous pre- j
paration in men and money, for the conduct ?
of a war on a scale more gigantic than any (
which the new world ever witnessed, is a ,
distinct avowal in the eyes of civilized man (
that the United States are engaged in a!,
conflict with a great and powerful nation.? | j
They are at last compelled to abandon the ,
pretence of being engaged in dispersing .
rioters and suppressing insurrections, and ,
are driven to the acknowledgment that the ,
ancient Union has been dissolved. They
recognize the separate existence of these .
Confederate States by the introduction of
nr? All thn nnmrnprnt?
cu,?"'ftu ? 1,
between them and the United States, not ,
only by sea, but by land : cot only in ships,
but in cars; doc only with these who bear 1
arms, but with the entire population of the
Confederate States. Finally, they have re- !
pudiated the foolish conceit that the inhabitants
of this Confederacy are still citizens
of the United States, for they are waging
indiscriminate war upon them all with a
savage ferocity unknown to modern civilization.
In this war rapine is the rule.? j
Private residences, in peaceful rural retreats,
are bombarded and burnt. Grain
crops in the field are consumed by the torch, 1
and when the torch is not convenient care- 1
ful labor is bestowed to render a complete 1
destruction of every article of use or orna- *
tnent remaining in private dwellings, after
their inhabitants have fled from the out- ?
rages of brutal soldiery. f
In 1781, Great Britain, when invadiDg 1
her revolted colonies, took possession of
every district in the country near Fortress
Monroe, now occupied by the troops of the
United States; the houses then inhabited
by the people, after being respected and
protected by avowed invaders, are now pillaged
and destroyed by men who pretend
that the victims are their fellow-citizens.
Mankind will shudder to hear the tales of
the outrages committed on defenceless females
by the soldiers of the United States
now invading our homes; yet these outrages
are prompted by inflamed passions
and the madness of intoxication. But who
shall depict the horror with which they regard
the cool, deliberate malignity with
which, under the pretext of suppressing insurrection,
said by themselves to be upheld
by a minority only of our people, makes
especial war on the sick, inoluding women
j -L.iJ i r-ii_ J J
uuu uuuurcu, auu uy careiuuy ueyiseu
measures prevents tbeir obtaining the medicines
necessary for their cure. The sacred
claims of humanity, respected even during
the fury of actual battle by oareful diversion
of attack from the hospitals containing
the wounded enemies, are outraged in
cold blood, by a government and people
that pretend to desire a continuance of fraternal
connections. All these outrages must
remain unavenged, save by universal reprobation
of mankind. In all cases where
the actual perpetrators of the wrongs escape
capture, they admit of no retaliation. The
humanity of oar people would shrink instinctively
from the bare idea of waging a
like war upon the sick, the wounded, the
women and the children of the enemy; but
there are other savage practices which have
been resorted to by the Government of the
United States, which do admit of repressioa
by retaliation. I have been grieved
to see the necessity of enforcing imprisonment.
The prisoners of war taken by the
enemy on board of the armed schooner Savannah,
sailing under our commission, were,
as I was credibly advised, treated like common
felons, and put iu irons, and confined
in a jail usually appropriated to criminals
of the worst dye, and threatened with punishment
as such. I had made an application
for an exchange of these prisoners to '
the commanding officer of the enemy's i
squadron off Charleston harbor, but that i
officer had already sent his prisoners to <
New York when application was made. I ]
therefore deemed it my duty to renew my
proposed application for exchange to the i
constitutional commander in chief of the i
irmy and navy of the United States, the 1
only officer having control of the prisoners, i
[n making the proposal I informed President ?
Lincoln of my resolute purpose to check all \
sarbarities on prisoners of war by such |
jeverity of retaliation on prisoners held by (
is, as should secure the abandonment of s
.bis practice. This communication was re- i
seived aod read by the officer in command ]
if the United States army, and a message s
vas brought from him by the bearer of my
lommunication that a reply would be return- 1
id by President Lincoln as soon as possible
' earnestly hope this promised reply, which t
las not yet been received, will convey as- \
urance that prisoners of war will be trea- ]
ed in this unhappy contest with that re- (
;ard to humanity which has been made c
sonspicuous in the conduot of modern war- f
'are. As measures of precaution, however, y
ind until the promised reply is received, I i
till retain in close custody men and officers c
aptured from the enemy whom it has beeD r
ny pleasure to enlarge on parole, and whose s
ate must necessarily depend on that of the
irisoners held by the enemy: I append a
:opy of my communication to the President
md commander-in-chief of the army and ;
iavy of the United States, and of the re- f
>ort of the officer charged to deliver it? (
marked document.?)
There are some other passages in the re- t
narkable paper to which I have directed a
rour attention, having reference to the pe- f
iuliar relations which exist between this t
government and the States usually termed t
loder slave States, whioh cannot properly t
le withheld from notice. The hearts of a
iur people are animated by seDtimeots
owards the inhabitants of those States ?
rhich found expression in your enactment i
cfusing to consider them enemies, or toau- r
horize hostilities against them; that a t
rery large portion of the people of these ?
States regard us as bretheru; and that if a
mrestrained by the actual presence of large
irmies, the subversion of civil authority, e
;nd the declaration of martial law, some of I
hem, at least, would joyfully unite with us; 1
bat they are, with entire unanimity, op- t
>osed to the prosecution of the war waged a;aiust
us?are facts which daily occurring r
ivents fully warrant the assertion. The J
iresent United States Government refuses \
o recognize in these, our late sister States, a
he right of refraining from an attack on a
is, and justifies his refusal by the assertion
hat the States have no other power than
hat reserved to them by the Union and
he Constitution, no one of them having
sver been a State out of the Union. This
aew of the Constitutional relations leads us
o consider another assertion of the message;
hat the Executive possesses the power of
iuspendiug the writ of habeas corpus, and
)f delegating that power to military comnanders
at his discretion, and both these
propositions claim a respect equal to that
vhich is felt for the additional statement of
ppinion in the same paper, that it is proper,
.0 order to execute the laws, that some
single law, made in such extreme tenderness
pf the citizen's liberty that practically it
relieves more of the guilty than the innojent,
should, to a very limited extent, be
piolated. We may well rejoice that we
have forever severed our connection with a
Giovernment that thus tramples on all the
principles of Constitutional liberty, and
svith a people in whose presence such avowils
could be hazarded.
t?,? J? ,?:n
x uc; upciauvuo iu ua uuiu trui uc ^ I catly
extended by reason of the policy which <
was heretofore secretly entertained, but is {
now avowed and acted on by the United 1
States. The forces hitherto raised proved
irnple for the defence of the seven States I
which originally organized the Confederacy,
is is evinced by the fact that, with the exjeption
of three fortified islands, whose de- t
fence is efficiently aided by a prepondera- 1
;ing naval force, the enemy has been driven [
jompletely out of those States, and now, at j
;he expiration of five months from the for- ,
nation of the Government, not a single (
lostile foot presses their soil. I
These forces, however, must necessarily \
jrove inadequate to repel invasion by half (
i million of men now proposed by the eneny,
and a corresponding increase of our
orce will become necessary. (
The recommendation for the raising of i
md efficient equipment for this additional
orce will be contained in a communication i
'rom the Secretary of War, to which I need a
scarcely invite your earnest attention.
In my message, delivered in April last,
I referred to the promise of abundant crops,
with which we are cheered. The grain
orops generally have since been harvested,
and the yield proved to he the most abundant
known in our history. Many believe
the supply will be adequate to two years'
consumption of our population. Cotton,
sugar and tobacco, forming the surplus production
of our agriculture, and furnishing
the basis of our commercial intercharges,
present the most cheering promise, and a
kind Providence has smiled on the labor
which extracts the teeming wealth of our
soil in all portions of our Confederacy. It
is the more gratifying to be able to give you
this information, because of the need of
large and increased expenditures in the
supply of our army. Elevated and purified
by the sacred cause which they maintain,
our fellow-oitizens of every condition
of life exhibit the most self-sacrificing devotion
; they manifest a laudable pride in
upholding their independence unaided by
any resources othei than their own and the
immense wealth which a fertile soil and
genial climate have accumulated in this
Confederacy of agriculturalists, could not
be more strikingly displayed than in the
large revenues which, with eager zeal, they
have contributed at the call of their country.
In the single article of cotton the
subscription to the loan proposed by the
Government cannot fall short of $50,000,000,
and will probably largely exoeed that
sum ; and scarcely an article required for
the consumption of our armies has been
provided otherwise than by subscription to
the produce loan, so happily devised by
your wisdom. The Secretary of the Treaury,
in his report submitted to you, will
give you the amplest details in connection
with that branch of the public service.?
But it is not alone in their prompt pecuniary
contributions that the noble race of freemen
who inhabit these States evince how
worthy they are of those liberties which
they so well know how to defend. In
numbers far exceeding those authorized by
your laws, they have pressed the tender of
their services against the enemy. Their
attitude of calm and sublime devotion to
their country?the cool and confident
courage with which they are already preparing
to meet the threatened invasion in
whatever proportions it may assume?the
assurance that their sacrifices and their
services will be renewed from year to year
with unfaltering purpose, until they have
nade good to the uttermost their right to
ielf-goverment?the generous and almost
mquestioning confidence which they disjlay
in their Government during the penling
struggle, all combine to present a
ipectacle such a9 the world has rarely
i ever oeeu. jlu spea& ui auujugawu^ u
people so united and determined, ia to
ipeak a language incomprehensible to them.
L'o resist an attack on their rights or their
iberties is with them an instinot.
Whether this war shall last one, or
hrer., or five years, is a problem they
vill leave to be solved by the enemy aloDe.
[t will last till the enemy shall have withirawn
from their borders?till their political
rights, their altars and their homes, are
'reed from invasion. Then, aud then only,
vill they rest from this struggle, to enjoy
n peace the blessings which, with the favor
>f Providence, they have secured by the
dd of their own strong hearts and sturdy
irms. JEFFERSON DAVIS.
BATTLE OFTJULL'S RUN,
Manassas Junction, Va., July 18?
' o'clock, p. M.?A battle has at last been
'ought and a great victory gained by the
Confederate troops.
Yesterday morning, our scouts having
>rought in the news that the invaders were
idvanciug in heavy columns towards Fairax
Court House, the Southern pickets at
hat place were withdrawn and fell back
owards Bull's Run, where a large body of
he Confederate troops were concentrated
,nd strongly entrenched.
At day break this morning, the enemy
irst appeared in force at Bull's Run, where
t crosses the road, about three miles northrest
of Manassas Junction, and attempted
o pass. Our tioops immediately opened
ire, which was replied to by the enemy,
,nd the engagement soon became general.
On our side. (Ten. ReAtiremird nnmmand.
id in person. It is not yet known what
Joited States officer conducted the attack.
Che fighting extended along Bull's Run for
he distance of one mile.
The battle lasted, with intermissions, duing
the greater part of the day, the United
States troops being three times repulsed,
vith heavy loss, and three times rallying
igain to the attack. At four o'clock in the
.fternoon the battle reached its height.?
rhe enemy finally gave way and retreated
n great confusion towards Alexandria. At.
ive o'clock the firing had ceased altogether.
The First and Seventeenth Regiments of
Virginia Volunteers were conspicuous in
he action, and behaved nobly. The Washngton
Artillery, of New Orleans, under
Major Walton, also, occupied a prominent
josition, and worked their butteries with
reraendous effect.
The loss on our side was but slight.?
iVilliam Sangster, one of our riflemen, was
tilled. Capt. Dulany, of the Seventeenth
Virginia Regiment, was wounded in the
irm. Col. Moore was also slightly woundid.
An United States officer of high rank
vas killed and his horse taken. Upon his
person was found ?700 in gold.
A shot passed through the kitchen of the
muse where General Beauregard was at
lienor. The enemy, it is supposed discovered
his whereabouts. They also fired in:o
our hospital, notwithstanding that they
must have?seen the yellow flag flying.
W <t lio no tin unfkontin in^A??mn<tAn nn
?T UMW uv uuvuwuvio iuiutwatiuu uo jrcu
joncerning the number of the forces engaged
or the amount of the loss of the enemy.
It i9, however, known to be very heavy.?
rhe impression prevails here that the bat:le
will be renewed to morrow.
Another Account.
liicn.MOND, July 18.?Apparently auihentic
advices from Manassas state that the
United States troops advanced this morning
n a column of 10,000 men, and that, after
four hours' fighting, they were repulsed
vith immense slaughter by the Confederate
;roops, numbering 7000, under Geo. Bonlam.
The Northern forceBatlast accounts
vere retreating in the direction of AleianIria.
We have no further details.
Further Particulars.
Manassas Junction, Va., July 19.?
)ne o'clock p. m.?Up to this hour nothng
has been seen of the enemy.
Owing to the extent of the line of fightng
yesterday, it is very difficult to gather,
it this point, the correct particulars of the
battle. Our total loss in killed and wounded
did not exceed 60. The oarnage in the
ranks of the enemy was far greater. It it
generally estimated at 600, bat may have
been more.
Major Walton's splendid battalion ol
Washington Artillery, from New OrleanSj
held a very prominent position in the action,
and covered themselves with glory.?
With their seven field pieces they engaged
Sherman's famous battery of TJ. S. Flying
Artillery. Sherman had fifteen guns, but,
notwithstanding the disparity of force, sucb
was the galling and vigorous fire of the
Washington Artillery, that he was forced
to shift his position no less than fifteen
times, tlis battery was nnaiiy silenced and
' forced to retreat with great loss.
Of the Washington Artillery only one
man was killed and four wounded. Theii
names are as follows: killed, Private George
Muz; wounded, Capt. Eschlrman and Privates
Baker, Tarleton and Zuble.
Major Harris, of the Eleventh Regiment
Virginia Volunteers, was mortally wounded,
and died this morning.
Private Thomas Sangster, of the Alexandria
(Va.) Riflemen, was shot through
the heart and instantly killed.
Col. Haye's Louisiana Regiment was among
the troops engaged. They made a
splendid bayonet charge, scattering the enemy
in every direotion.
It has been ascertained that Gen. McDowell,
in person, commanded the attack.
Among the fruits of the viotory I may
mention a very large quantity of improved
arms thrown away by the Yankees in their
hasty retreat, and taken by our forces.
The Latest.
Nine O'Clock, p. m.?Everything has
been quiet this afternoon. The enemy,
having obtained permission, under a flag
of truce, to bury their dead, h-ve been busily
engaged in so doing for several hours.
Their loss certainly exceeded 500. Our
loss was less than twenty killed, and thirty
or forty wounded. Gen. Bonbam, who
commanded the brigade that did the fighting,
had under him only 3,000 men, made
up of Virginians, South CaroliniauB and
Lousianians. The enemy had between 5000
and 6,000 engaged. We have taken two
cannon and 500 stand of arms from the enemy.
It was Thomas Sangster, and not William,
who was killed among the Alexandria
Riflemen.
X' iity nuiiuciu IOUUCIO, pnuuipouj
Pennsylvanians, arrived here today from
Winchester.
We are hourly looking for a renewal of
the attack.
Accounts from Bichmond.
Richmond, July 19?Noon.?The Secretary
of War and Adjutant-General informed
me that they have no particulars as
to the Confederate loss, or names of those
killed or wounded in the battle yesterday
on Bull's Run near Maossaas. Private
reports so far refer only to small losses in
Virginia Regiments. The loss of the Confederates
is vastly disproportioned to tV at
supposed to be the loss of the enemy. We
will send details as soon as received.
The Secretary of War says he has no details
of the fight at Rich Mountain, or of
Garnett's conflict.
Richmond, July 19, 8 p. m.?Passengers
from Manassas Junction report that
142 of the Southern troops are killed, wounded
and missing. An inspection of the
field of battle to-day disclosed the fact tbat
no less than 986 of the Northern invaders
were left dead on the field. About thirty
of the wounded were brought here on the
cars tonight. Also one dead body.
News from the Enemy.
Washington, July 19.?The N. York
Commercial says that information has been
received at the War Department that the
Bull Creek battery was taken, but there
were no particulars.
The Times says their loss was one hundred
killed and wounded. This will hasten
the attack on Manassas, which will
doubtless occur to-morrow. The Confederates
lost but few.
The Tribune, on the authority of the
finnrafnru nf War nava that mora than fifYu
J -- .. ?J V
were killed, including five captain and six
lieutenants. From another source it was
reported that Bull's Creek was carried by
the Zouaves and the Massachnsetts 5th.
Craig and Richardson, of Illinois, left
Bull Creek at 8 o'clock this morning, who
report no general fighting 6ince yesterday,
wheu the federalists fell back. But early in
the morning occasional firing was heard
from skirmishers.
McDowel told Richardson that he should
hereafter examine the locations of the enemy's
batteries before engaging them.
The World Bays there is no truth in the
report of fighting at Bull's Point to-day.
Scott's army made no new move to-day,
nor are they likely before Saturday.
The Post says the official report says
there were twelve killed and forty wounded,
but it was supposed that more killed
and wounded were in the woods.
Louisville, July 19.?Dispatches from
St. Louis and other points in Missouri are
utterly useless, and private letters equally
so. Indications are plain that the entire
State is in a blaze, and nothing allowed to
be'published or go through the mail tending
to encourage the patriots. Nothing
but items stating that McCulloch had quarreled
with Jackson and gone home, and it
is impossible but fhere will be an entire annihilation
of the secession camps, and that
in districts where all are secessionists, and
where there are no St. Louis Dutch ; but
that Illinois soldiers have arrived is allowed
to be published.
Richmond, July 20.?By a telegram
irorn etaunton, yesterday momiDg, the report
of the safety, at Monteiey, of Ramsey's
Georgia regiment and all the survivors of
Pegram's command, is confirmed.
Patterson crossed the Putomac at Harper's
Ferry, and will probably make a conjunction
with McDowell near Manassas.
Northern Account of the Bull Creek
Fight.
Washington, (via Norfolk,) July 20.
Full particulars of the Bull Creek engagement
state that three Federal companies
crossing a ravine received a raking fire,
killing a number, but they stood their
ground, covering the retreat of a brass cannon
and Sherman's battery, the horses of
which were disabled. Four regimeuts,
which were supported by cavalry, joined
in the battle. The Southerners used their
guns well. The federals again advanced
and encountered a raking fire. The federal
guns were put in position, and poured
grape and canister into the Southerners
till the ammunition was exhausted. Several
federal guns were disabled. The total
loss of the federals is estimated at forty
s killed. Gen. Tyler ordered the federals to
i fall back. Wilcox's division was ordered
i to attempt to outflank the Ball Creek batteries.
A dispatch received by the War
F Department to-day says that the fight at
, Ball Creek is still going on.
; 1 HAT BATTLE AT MAIM!
Mannassas Junction, Saturday night,
' Jnly 20.?DariDg the greater part of yes|
terday afternoon we were busy in burying
( the dead near Ball's Run. We, however,
| have information that the Northern forces
| are concentrating against us in immense
numbers, and they are throwing up earthworks
and planting batteries with great
energy, as if to renew the attack on oar
, troops. We await the onset with the utmost
confidence.
Gen. Patterson, with his entire force,
has abandoned Martinsbarg, and is now
hastening to form a junction with McDowell.
Troops are being thrown across the
river in heavy bodieB from Washington, and
everything indicates that onr position will
be attacked speedily by an overwhelming
force.
General Beauregard yesterday afternoon
issued orders that all civilians, women, and
children, should leave Manassas Junotion
forthwith; he evidently expects a great battle
here to morrow.
Manassas Junction, Sunday night,
July 21, 7 o'clock.?At the Stone Bridge
on Bull's Bun near this place the Southern
, troops are again victorious. The slaughter
on both sides was terrifio.
Gen. Johnston, who had been summoned (
from Winchester to come to the aid of
General Beauregard, arrived here with his
entire force in time to take part in the battle.
Gen. Beauregard had his horse shot t
from under him while leading Hampton's ^
Legion into position. r
Gen. Johnston, during the hottest of the <
fight, seized the colors of a wavering regiment,
and rallied them in person to the ?
charge. It is impossible at this moment to ?
estimate the number of the dead and c
wounded. c
It is reported that the Commander in- ^
Chief of the United States forces, General T
-T\ 11 " 11 J - J
irioi/uweu, is aiorutny wuuuueu. r
On our side Col. Francis S. Bartow, of ^
Georgia, who was acting as Brigadier Gen- j
eral, was mortally wounded, and is since (
reported doad. o
The battle began at 8 a. m., and lasted j.
until 6 p. m. a
The enemy is now in full retreat and hot- e
ly pursued by our cavalry.
Manassas Junction, July 21.?111 t
o'clock, p. m.?Amid the bustle and excite- ,
ment here it is exceedingly difficult to get f
the correct particulars of the great battle of t
to day.
The enemy opened their batteries of
heavy artillery and small field pieces at j
McLean's Ford, about eight o'clock in the
morning. The engagement above the Stone c
Bridge on Bull Run began about ten o'- a
clock. The enemy's force, as near as can t
be ascertained, was at least 50,000; uui a
owd force but 20,000. (
Gen. N. G. Evans, of South Carolina, j
led the first brigade into action. AmoDg 0
the Southern forces prominently engaged, f
were Col. Sloan's 4th regiment, and Col.
Wade Hampton's legion, all of which are c
South Carolina volunteers. c
Only three men were wounded in Col. n
Kershaw's Regiment. fi
In Col. Sloan's Regimentand Hampton's c
Legion the loss of life was greater. Adju- s
tant Theo. G. Baker and Capt. James Con- ^
ner, of the Washington Light Infantry, ^
Hampton's Legion, were slightly wounded; p
Lieut. Col. B. J. Johnson, of the Legion,
was killed; Captains Earle and Eobols a
were slightly wounded. c
Men never fought more desperately than
did ours to-day. We have captured eigh- n
teen pieces of artillery, and 400 prisoners. c
The number killed and wounded cannot be
assertained with any accuracy until to morrow.
Our loss is estimated at 200 killed
and 300 wounded, while the loss of the b
enemy could not have been less than seve- a
ral thousand. . b
These figures, however, may be wide of
the mark, for the line of battle was extend- a
ed, and it was almost dark wheo the enemy
gave way.
The Washington Artillery, of New Or- rj
leans, was again in the foremost place, and
did most effective work. Their fire fell up- n
on the ranks of the foe with murderous ef- n
feet. p
The Oglethorpe Infantry, of Savannah, ^
were cut to pieces. f(
Col. Bartow's fine regiment of Georgians j(
were nearly annihilated. Gen. Barnard
E. Bee, of South Carolina, was mortally< t]
wounded. Col. Wade Hampton was slight- e
ly wounded. ti
Gen. Johnston commanded the left wing, jj
and Gen. Beauregard the right wing. e
The reports that reach us here state j
that our force was not less than 75,000 men, a
and that the enemy had over 100,000.? ^
These statements are probably exaggerated, t(
but it is certain that the leaders on both n
sides had concentrated their whole available n
force to take part in the battle.
At. one time during the battle Sherman's ^
celebrated battery of the United States fly- ^
ing artillery was on the point of destroying
Hampton's legion, when Col. Garland, of tj
the 11th Virginia, was ordered to charge
the battery at the point of the bayonet. He j
immediately led the Virginians to thek
nViornrn nn/lnr fi f<*rrihln firn on ^ aftav n. I _
M UUII1WIU UAVj Ull U MAW* % ^
fierce struggle captured the entire battery,
and turned its guns upon the enemy.
Richmond, July 22.?President Davis, ^
in a dispatch to tho Secretary of War, announces
a complete and decisive viotory
yesterday near Manassas. The enemy after
a ten hours' battle, fled precipitately
from the field, in the direction of Leesburg ^
and Centreville, pursued by our cavalry
and light infantry until night put an end
to the pursuit. The enemy left on the ^
field large stores of munitions of war and ^
arms, and vast piles of slain. Everywhere J
in the direction of their fight were dead
bodies, and the neighboring farm-houses ^
and road were crowded with tho wounded
of the enemy.
The Confederate forces immediately en- j
gaged were 15,000; the federal force estimated
at 35,000. These figures refer to ?
the left wing only, where the battle principally
raged, and do not include the right
and centre, whioh were only partially enga- ^
ged. The entire Confederate force was ^
about 40,000; the federal force nearly 80,- Pc
000.
The enemy lost several batteries of field ac
artillery and one regimental stand of colors. ^
No particulars have been received of the
killed and wounded on either side up to 1 te
p. m. to day. ar
Richmond, July 22.?Reports received
lere of the killed and wounded were so un eliable
last night, in the excitement and
jonfusioD following the victory at Manassas,
that I refrained mentioning them, fearfal
)f giving causeless pain to anxious hearts,
A.mong the dead are Generals Bartow, of
Georgia, Bee, of South Carolina, Kirby
Smith, of Florida, Col. Johnson, of Hampton's
Legion. Gen. Beauregard and staff
ire safe. Beauregard's horse was shot unier
him.1
General Joseph R. Johnson commanded
the left, where the eoemy made their fieriest
attack, and Gen. Beuaregard commanled
the right.
President Davis reached the field at noon,
md took command of the centre. When
ihe left was pressed the severest, the centre
lisengaged a portion of the enemy's force
md decided the fortune of the day. No
)ther reliable reports have since been reseived,
but are hourly expected. It is
itated that the enemy was commanded by
jenerals Scott, Patterson and McDowell
?the latter reported to be seriously wounled.
Lieut. Hood, of Crump's company, from
Western Virginia, arrived here last evening
well; he says that all the company 'and
;he regiment are safe at Monterey. Young
Pool, of Cramp's company, was very slighty
hurt in the thigh. Nobody else is known
a have been hurt.
Passengers state that Gen. Wise won a
lecided victory in Kanawha Valley last
veek, killing 150 of the enemy, and losing
put few.
Nothing later from Manassas at 10 o'slock.
The Southern Congress.
Richmond, July 22.?Congress met at
loon, and, after prayer, the following dispatch,
dated Manassas, Sunday night, was
ead by the Clerk :
<To Gen. S. Cooper, Adjutant General:
Night has closed upon a hard-fought
ield. Our forces have won a glorious vicory.
The enemy was routed, and fled presipitately,
abandoning a very large amount
>f arms, munitions, knapsacks and bag
;age. me ground was strewn ror tunes
vith those killed, and the farm-houses and
he grounds around were filled with his
founded. The pursuit was continued aong
several routes towards Leesburg and
Centreville until darkness covered the fujitives.
We have captured several field
latteries and a regimental stand of arms,
,nd one United States flag. Many prisonirs
have been taken.
Too much praise cannot be bestowed for
he gallantry of all the troops. The battle
fas mainly fought on our left, several miles
rom our field. Our force was 15,000;
hat of the enemy was estimated at35-,000.
"Signed, . Jeff. Davis.**..
The following resolntions were offered by
Jr. Memminger, and unanimously adopted:
Resolved, That we recognize the hand
if the Most High God, the King of kings
md the Lord of lords, in the glorious viecry
with which He hath crowned our army
it Manassas; and that the people of the
Confederate States are invited, by approbate
services, on the ensuing Sabbath, to
iffer up their united thanksgivingand praise
or this mighty deliverance.
Resolved, That, deeply deploring the neessity
which has washed the soil of our
ountry with the blood of so many of her
loblest sons, we offer to their respective
amilies and friends our warmest and most
ordial sympathy, assuring them that the
acrifioes made will be consecrated in the
learts of our people, and will there enshrine
he names of the gallant dead as the chamions
of free and constitutional liberty.
Resolved, That we approve of the prompt
nd patriotio effort of the Mayor of the
ity of Richmond, to make provision for
be wounded, and that a Committee of one
lember from each State be appointed to
o-operatc in the plan.
Resolved, That Congress do now adDurn.
The city is full of rumors about the numer
of killed and wounded of both sides,
nd movements are on foot for ascertaining,
_x _11 1* 1_1_ *
ui au reports are uneny unrenauie.
The body of Col". Francis S. Bartow,
d perhaps others, is expected on the train
)-night.
'he Washington Accounts Westward.
Louisville, Jnly 22.?The following
ews of the Confederate victory creates the
lost intense excitement here, startling the
ublic mind; the morning dispatches from
Washington proclaiming a brilliant victory
jr the federalists. There was great rejicing
among the State Rights men.
Washington, Monday noon. ? Oar
roops, after gaining a great victory were
ventually repnlsed and commenced a re:eat
on Washington. After this informaon
from Centreville last night a series of
vents, took place in the highest degree
isastrous, and many confused statements
re prevailing; but enough is known to
'arrant the statement that we have suffered
> a degree which casts gloom over the remants
of our army, and excites the deepest
lelancholly throughout Washington.
The carnage was tromendously heavy on
oth sides, and ours represented as frightll.
We were advancing to take the maskd
batteries gradually, but surely, driving
le enemy towards Manassas, when the
nemy seemed to be reinforced by General
ohnson. Wc were immediately driven
ack, and a panic among our troops sudenly
occurred. A regular stampede took
lace. It is understood that McDowell unertook
to make a stand near Centreville,
ut the panic was so fearful that the whole
rmy became demoralized, and it was iraDssible
to check them either at Centreville
r at Fairfax C. H.
Large numbers of troops in their retreat
>11 by the wayside from exhaustion, and
ere scattered along the route. On the
ay from Fairfax Court House the road
om Bull's Bun was strewn with guns and
aapsacks discarded by our troops, the lat- '
r to facilitate their retreat, t i
General McDowell was in rear of the reeating
forces, endeavoring to rally the
en, but was only partially successful.
Only 200 of the Firemen Zouaves are ]
ft from the slaughter. The 69th and 1
her New York regiments suffered fright- (
illy. j
Sherman's, Carlisle's, Griffin's and the .
rest Point batteries were taken by the
anfederates, and also the eight siege 32- '
>under rifle oannon. i
Col. Wilcox the commander of the brig- 1
le, and Capt. McCook were killed. Col. |
cintzelman was wounded. ,
Washington is the scene of the most in- i
nse excitement. Wagons are continually i
riving bringing the dead and wounded. ?
The feeling in the city is awfully distressing.
Both telegraph and steamboat communication
with Alexandria is unrestricted, to
satisfy the public. The greatesc alarm exists
throughout the city?the fortifications
are being strongly reinforoed with fresh
troops.
It is supposed that Gen. Mansfield will
take command of the fortifications on the
other side of the river. Large rifled cannon
and mortars are being rapidly sent
over.
Ik foMk
YORKVILLE, S. C.
THURSDAY MOBBING, JULY 25,1861.
(?7-Mr. John R. Allen, Pout Master at Cheater, la our
authorized agent; and fully empowered to receive money
for this office, and give receipt* for the same.
{Jt?- In case t where subscribers do not take the Ejwjirer
roin the post-office, Post-Masters arc requested to notify ua
nimedlately.
{Sj-Subscribers desiring their papers cuiuged must mention
the Post Office from, as well as the one to, which they
desire the chagcn to be made..
THE ENQUIBEB.
After the present week, we deem it prudent,
in order to prevent an early suspension,
to issue only half sheet. Our papermakers
have notified us, that owing to the
want of necessary chemicals, and which cannot
be obtained at present, they will probably
be unable to supply us with paper
when our stock on hand is exhausted. We
have a sufficient quantity of paper in the
office to print a half sheet eaoh week until
about the 1st of December next, by which
time we hope to be able to make arrangements
for a regular supply of the proper
size.
.. We regret the necessity of pursuing the
course indicated above, yet feeling conscious
that the circumstances are beyond our
control, we hope that our readers will be
disposed to bear with us until we can do
better. Six of the papers heretofore published
in the State have suspended, and
nearly as many more are being issued on
half sheets.
As there will be but few advertisements,
oar readers will lose more in surplus paper
than in the quantity of matter. We
shall use our best endeavors to make the
half sheet interesting.
S&* Attention is directed to the advertisement
of Mr. R. E. Guthrie,. offering
fine stock for sale. ' . .>
* "
HON. A. H. STEPHENS' SPEECH.
On the outside of this week's issue, we
print the' admirable speeoh of Hon. A. H.
Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate
States, delivered recently at Augusta,
on the subject of the produce loan. Tbe
length of tbe speech should deter no one
from giving it a careful reading.
THE PRODUCE LOAN.
In addition to Col. Wilson, Col. A. B.
Springs has been appointed a Commissioner
in York District to solicit subscriptions to
the Pioduce Loan. In order to more fully
present the subject to the consideration of
our people, the Commissioners?Cols. Wilson
and Springs?publish a call for a,public
meeting on sale day next. See.A'e advertisement.
^ , fy' '
A CALL FOE MORE VOLtWftTEES.
We take very special pleasure quailing
the attention of our readers to tfe$advertisement
of Col. W. H. M<^rkre?-in this
issue.
The war is now raging tyfty on the soil
of the "Old Dominiou/jJ*Our own' brave
Carolinians have throMflfthemselves in the
breach to stop Lincol^Pdogs of war. But
unless God, in mercy; will drive out and
restrain these wicked and bloody men, who
would desolate our lands, desecrate our
altars and pollute our homes, we have only
seen and felt the beginning of this most
atrocious war. Doubtless, as soon as our
rtlimnto trill nprmif: the fnnl invftdar will
endeavor,to plant his polluting foot upon
the soil of our own beloved State. We did
not need a Bennett to herald this fact. We
know our enemies have neither forgotten
the 20th of December, nor the 13th of
April. If they had us in their power, they
would give us no choice but that of death,
or a degradation tenfold worse. Who, then,
that is able to bear arms, will not spring to
the rescue, willing either to fly to the succor
of those who are now so gallantly breasting
a mighty storm of wrath and death on
the soil of a sister State, or to take position
wherever his bleeding country may cry for
help? We know none in "Old York'.' are
disposed to claim the protection of Lincol
nism. On the contrary, the universal
sentiment is extermination before subjugation.
Then, fellow citizens, let us prove
our manhood by rallying around the standard
of our country and saying to our leaders
: "Zfere ice are, ready to suffer and to
die in defence of our liberties, our homes,
our altars, our wives and our children."
We need scarcely say a word to those, who
are ready to obey the call of their country,
to induce them to join the company, Col.
McCorkle proposes to raise and command.
Every one who knows him, will readily admit,
he possesses eminent qualifications
tor the Captaincy of a Volunteer Company.
He is a man of singular prudenoe and
caution ; quick to peroeive, and remarkably 1
prompt and energetic in action, he has a
heart full of kindness and generosity. None !
could be more considerate of the comfort of
his men, than he would be. His bravery 1
1 ' 1/ i
is unquestioned. When a boy at school,
though distinguished for his kind, friendly
ind generous disposition, yet none dared, *
svantonly insnlt "Billie McCorkle.^ In 1
She sacrifices of ease, pecuniary interest and '
domestic happiness, which he makes in 1
Toing to the war, we have a sufficient guar- \
inty that his ancestral love of independence <
itill lives and burns in his heart. * t
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE.
Tudoe Hall, Prince Williams, Va., 1
Tuesday Morning, July 16, 1861. J
Dear Enquirer :?The Northern Congress
has progressed quite far enough with
its business to show completely the cloven
foot. Notwithstanding the vile despot at
their head, in his nondescript message, confesses
to repeated violations of the constitution
by himself to maintain its authority
intact over others; yet^ they legalize his
usurpations, and place at his disposal 500,000
men and two hundred and fifty million
dollars. They . have not stopt a moment
for the "sober, second thought;" and the
otherwise ridiculous assertion of the message
that any Yankee, regiment conld furnish
a president, a cabinet, a congress and
perhaps a supreme oonrt abundantly able
a. infunn
lU QUUilUISlCl C/tC ^UTCI UUiOUV^ ?-v
Ieaat plausible, in the sight of their reckless
and fanatical legislation. It is evident
now. that, so far as those who govern Yankeedom
is concerned, this war is to be
prosecuted to the bloody and desolating
end; there being only 7 in the bouse and
12 in the senate opposed to a "rale or ruin"
conflict. AH that remains for us to
do is to accept the gauntlet thrown down
to us, girdle up our loins, and drive the invader.
back. We have all the hallowed
memories of the past, and all the precious
hopes of the future, to nerve us. Commerce
is our "man-of-war." What re.
? ... mains
of reason and humanity at the North,
already growing to a head Mid opposing
a manly front to Lincolnism, will operate
against every new effort tcraise men and
money. . England and France will soon
t '
reoogoize our independence; and the stalwart
arms and stout hearts of the South can
soon accomplish thebalanee..
*
Never," to compare great things with
small, did a hungry .pig -more diliigently
seek admittance into a peach orchard or a
wheat field, thao "Old Fass and Feathers"
has sought a broad and' easy way for his
plundering hordes of reflndd savages, into
the land whiah gave him births First with
Old Point Comfort asjai^pointU'appui,"
l: i t- - j i. ii n:j
lie IOOKCU out upuu me nuu vuiuco auu WJbscco
fields of the Peninsula; but be soou
found the game blocked there. At Aequia
s* Zr . -c
Creek he was repulsed La a single engagement
' Snob is the wall of living flesh and
steel, of "masked batteries" and "lariats,"
wbioh Beauregard has ^planted in his path
via Alexandria and Manassas, that, although
a month or "so out on their march,
his senatorial regiments have'nt got out of
sigixt of home. At the gaifkt which they
have been moving, a pert snail or a nocto-i
' w ^
genariau donkey could out-travel them.
There is still one route apparently open;
and that is through the region of the
Wheeling traitors, and thence along the fertile
and beautiful valley walled in by the Blue
Ridge and Alleghany mountains. The two
columns of the invaders, beaded by Patterson
and MoClellan, have, indeed, advanced
as far as Martinsburg and Laurel Hill; and
Seott seems to be bending all his operations
to help them onward. A number of regiments
have recently marched thitherward
from Washington. One purpose of this is
i-' i.i? . .1 1. e .1
uouuuess to occupy mc pmcc ut tuc iuiccmonths
volunteers, many of whom have
gone home; but another, perhaps, is taincrease
their numbers absolutely in Western
Virginia, which appears to Soott to invite
invasion.
The clue to all his plans is Eiohmond,
beyond question." He expects assistance
from the disaffected citixens, until he can
0 *
set his tyrant heel 'firmly' upon the neck of
his mother; and then, with die abundant
harvest of the Valley to feast upon, he
woald stab her to death in cold blood at
bis leisure. If ever?if evgr a worse onrse
than marked Cain's brow can fall upon man,
we predict it for this monstrous ingrate who
would slay, not one, bat a hundred thousand
brothers, to become- the co-heir of
Lincoln to an "immortality of infamy.*'
This is certainly the most feasible and
tempting route for invading V irginia ; and
they seem at least somewhat disposed to <
fight. We have, indeed, various and conflicting
accounts of an engagement at Laurel
Hill between Col. Garnett's and Gen. McClellan's.
forces which began on Sunday
morning and continued till Monday evening;
but as these accounts are so unsatisfactory,
and as you will likely gee full accounts
before this reaches you, we forbear
to make any statements.
Conquering or oonquered, our troops
will not give up the struggle when so much
is at stake, after one?no! nor after a dozen,
or fifty reverses. The volunteers, no
one doubts, will do their part; and the
Virginia militia, thoroughly acquainted
with the country and in love with the cause,
will do more than theirs. While we are
inclined to think that for a month or so at
least the war news of Virginia will come |
chiefly from the Valley and the mountains,
and that fighting harder and on a more extensive
scale than we have yet experienced
will soon be done there; we at the same
time believe that Johnson and Wise will
be Fabius and Scipo enough, and too much,
for their Hannibal.
When we reflect upon the smiling plenty
ind social happiness which lie before these
vandalizing hordes, and the ruin and out age
whioh follow in their wake, it is enough
a stir a fever in the pulse of age, and make
ill, men, women and children, all, all, relolve
to die with weapons in their hands,
rather than be overrun by such ruthless and
jrutal invaders. The story of private
property destroyed, innocent and helpless ^
vomen insulted and even manacled ; of
jhurches shut and pastor and congregation
;urned out of doors for daring to sympa