Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, May 10, 1861, Image 1
*
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VOLUME 7 YORKVILLE, S. C, FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 10,1861. NUMBER 19.- 2.
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Fortress Monroe. J
As oar readers must feel deeply interest- I
ed in everything relative to the strength 1
and extent of those fortifications against 1
whioh oor noble volunteers tnay ere many I
days be fighting, we give below an interest- 1
ing description of Fortress Monroe, taken 1
, from the Richmond Enquirer:
"Fortress Monroe is a strongly fortified 1
garrison, situated on that point of land '
formed by the extreme western bank of J
the Chesapeake and the extreme eastern 1
bank of Hampton Roads, and at the junc- '
tion of the two waters. It was discovered j
during the war of 1812?14, that Chesapeake
Bay was the key to all the waters of 1
Virginia and Maryland, and all who are
familiar with the history of the country,
will remember that British vessels came in- i
to Hampton Roads, and not only took the
town of Hampton, but threatened to apply
the torch to Norfolk, that, phoenix-like, had
sprung from the ashes of a former war with
that power. Peace was declared in 1815,
and when the next CoDgress met they took
into consideration the subject of coast and
harbor defences; accordingly a board of engineers
was appointed, and an appropriation
made for the prosecution of such plans
as might be decided upon.
"About this time tbe grand army of Napoleon
was quiet, and several of his principal
officers had made our republican country
their home; among them was General ?
Bernard, an experienced soldier, and one
of the most skilful engineers then existing. 1
lie was accordingly invited to assist in the '
work of arranging our system of coast and
harbor defence, and in 1816, in company
with several American officers, projected
Fortress Monroe and Fort Calhoun, more
trenerallv known as the "Rip Raps." The
works was laid off and both forts commenced |
in 1819. Prom that time to this there has ^
been more or less work going on at Fort (
Monroe, and while that work is sufficiently j
advanced to be placed in a state of defence,
it is far from being finished. The extent
of the work may be judged from the fact
that it is over a mile around the ramparts; (
the wall covers a space of twenty or twenty- *
five acres, and there are about fifteen acres \
inside of the garrison. Besides the houses, 1
there are store-houses, workshops, (not used
now,) a laboratory, an office, and several i I
unimportant buildings. J i
The casemates commence in the vicinity i'
of the postern, behind the water battery, ;1
and extend, with little intermission, to the !
arched doorway, designated as the main |
entrance; on either side of that entrance j
are casemates, which are used as quarters .
for the officer of the day, guard house and '
barracks for the guard. Those rearest the .
portcullis have embrasures, which are in- i
tended to prevent that point from attack.? .
Indeed all the casemates arc provided with i
embrasures, behind which are mounted 42 '
pounders. On the ramparts, at those points ;
where there are do casemates, are mounted j i
guns upon wooden carriages, whose saucy <
looking muzzles are plainly to be seen a- j:
bove the green turf that caps the fortified* j
tion. At the extreme Southern bastion j
floats the stars and stripes, while just below
it, on the inside of the garrison, is a
neat little Episcopal Church where the
Chapla'tD, Mr. Cheevcrs, still continues to
offer up bis prayers for the Union and its
President. A deep moat surrounds the
whole work; the moat is supplied with j
water from Mill Creek, and, while the \
pates are open, ebbs and flows with the j
tide.
The Water Battery, like all the masonry j
on this fort, is a beautiful piece of work ; I
it is bnilt of stone, and is sufficiently thick j
to withstand any shot that can be projected j
against it from the bay beyond. It is fin- i
ished with casemates, the arches of which j
are turned with brick, and rest upon gran- j
ite columns in the rear. This battery has j
Pnf.fTT.tcrn omtimcnrpq nnH is SHDrlied with !
"" "J """ 1 -rr _ |
i like number of 42-pounders, which, like |
ill the rest of the guns in the garrison, are j
fully mounted and ready for action. Jt
covers all that face of the garrison that
fronts upon the channel of the bay, and is
cnly intended as'a means of offence and defence
when attacked by a force on the water.
This position of the work, like the
ramparts, is coverd with a green turf, and
presents a beautiful and pleasant proraeaaao
in the summer afternooos. At the
lpper or northern extremity of this battery
mmmences a redoubt of breastwork that
jxtends around to the point of that bastion
n which the magazine is situated ; in the '
middle of this redoubt is a sally-port or pos;ern,
that leads out to an outer work (not
pet finished), that is intended to proteot
;he fort from the land side.
"From the "Water Battery to the maga^
n J1 r? MAfiflAtt f\? tKlC
uuu J?? ucyiucuijf (.ucncanc^b jruiuuu ui dkm
fortress, and a well organized force of one
;housand men could readily carry the fortiication
at this point. Besides the fact that
:here are no casemate guns on these two 1
faces, the gates that supply the moat with !
ivater are 00 this side, and at low tide might i
je closed to prevent the water from coming ;
n on the change of the tide, and thus could I
1 land force reduce the draught of water to
>uch an extent as to enable them to wade
icross and scale the walls; which, of course,
;ould only be done under a murderous
ire. The gun from only one shoulder could 1
je brought to bear upon the scaling party, ;
ind that one, or even two, would be so dejresscd
as to render its effect doubtful.?
Besides this, a storming party could reduce
he garrison to submission in a short while, \
jnlcss the elements conspire to furnish .
,bem water, for there is not a spring, or I
t well, or a pump on the work ; but, like j
he good people of Norfolk, the soldiers at
31d Point have to depend on the clouds
'or their drink, (except when they drink
? ? 1 .?? -t? j 1 . u -: _ I
vnisKcy, aDa men mey aepenu upuu iueu j
)wn ingenuity.)
"We were led into the above remarks,
jecause of the fact that Fortress Monroe is
:onsider-;d impregnable, but such is not the
'act; it lacks much of it as it now stands,
ind eveu if it was completed, we give our
dea of the work, when we remind our read:rs
that Sebastopol and Gibraltar fell before
t resolute enemy.
"As no fortification is impregnable to a j
veil appointed army of resolute and de- i
ermined men, the question of reducing |
Portress Monroe is one t) be determined by
he wisdom and judgment of the civil aud
nilitary authorities of the Confederate <
States; taking into consideration the ne-!
:essary loss of life that must ensue in its i
successful capture. Upon this point we I
venture no opinion, leaving it to the wis- j
lom and discretion of Presdent Davis and |
lis noble officers in command of the State j
ind Confederate forces.
"The garrison at Fortress Monroe, is, j
loubtless, very large aud well appointed at j
his time, with the capacity, on the part of i
he United States authorities, to increase
t to a larger amount.
"We have no idea that the reports as to i
,he number of troops now in Fortress Mon~oe,
variously estimated at from three to
live thousand, are correct.. But that a large '
ind strong garrison is now within the fort
we have no doubt,
"Commanding the entrance to Hampton
Roads, its guns effectually blockade the '
lames and Elizabeth rivers, stopping all j
vessels bound either to or from Eichmond, !
Petersburg or Norfolk, (jreat annoyance !
is thus given to the trade of Virginia and J
North Carolina; but as the same blockade
could be made by vessels of war, within or
without the Capes, it may bo a question with i
the authorities whether Fortress Monroe
should be reduced by investment or con- i
quered by forcing the capitulation of Wash- j
iugton city.
-* ?<> ?
ftaS5* The Augusta lfrpuLUc states that j
Major Mark A. Cooper has secured for his j
company a very heavy contract from the i
n?A hn ip;11 '
UUUlL'UUini/C uunca UUYCIUUUUKJ auuuv ? *?*
at once commence the manufacture of cannon,
mortars, balls and other munitions of
war on a large scale.
The Real Sentiment of Cincinnati.
Ad immeD8e meeting was held io Cincinnati
on Friday evening, in which Gov.
Denoison's suggestion that the shipment of
provisions and arms to Southern States that
have not seceded, ought not to be interfered
with, was repudiated.
Mr. EgglestoD, the President, said :
"Kentucky cannot remain neutral any
more than Ohio?a barrier between the
traitors and their deserts. When the President
orders us to march through Kentucky
n rtlioohoo rKn roKola fnrfKoF Xnnt.li WA Will
I >\j vuaoutgu vuv < vwin iu> vuv> ?w
do it. [Tremendous applause, and cries of
'that's so!'] Those States are not loyal
who impose even a passive resistance to the
Government, and Kentucky must form no
exception to the rule. He would not let a
musket or an ounce of ammunition and provisions
go to Kentucky; we well know
where there destiny is, if once they cross
the river."
Gen. S. F. Cary said that in Louisville
expedition^in aid of the Southern Confederacy
were fitted out openly, and the men
who pretended to be for the Union did not
rebuke them. If there be Union men iu
Kentucky, they should come outand Ictus
know who they are. Unless tbey speak
uuw niey are uaiiurs. it e vuu uuijr icw^nize
as friends those who are active for the
Government. Let those who are neutral
have neither aid nor comfort. [Cheers.]
The passage through all parts of the common
country must be kept open. Let Baltimore
be laid in ashes, and Maryland converted
into a free State if this will only
open the way to the capital. [Cheers.]
Our work is greater than that done by
our fathers, for it is more difficult to sustain
than to erect a government. This rebellion
must be crushed at any cost, even if
the country be converted into a howling
wilderness, to be inhabited by a better race
of men.
The meeting was addressed by many other
speakers in a similar train, when the following
resolutions were most emphatically
endorsed:
Jiesohed, That any man or set of men,
in Cincinnati or elsewhere, who knowingly
sells or ships one onnce of flour, or pound
of provisions, or any arms or other articles
AWA Artntfoknilil ftf YTTO T? tn O n T? P
niliuu ais tuunauauu vi na?j vvs muj pw?
sob or any State which has not declared its
firm determination to sustain the government
in the present crisis, is a traitor, and
deserves the doom of a traitor.
General Gary offered the following, which
was adopted with one hearty and unanimous
"aye:"
Rcsob-edf That if the Union men of Kentucky
will stand by the flag of our country,
we will stand by and defend them, now,
and when the war is over.
The following was adopted unanimously :
FcunJrw?, That in the sense of this meeting,
"armed neutrality" by any State of
this Union i3 rebellion to tho Government.
Dr. Jordan offered the following, which
was adopted, after which the meeting adjourned
:
Rrsolvnl, That it is the opinion of this
meeting that no more troops should be
marched around the city of Baltimore.
? ?
Tho Apocalyptic Vials Opened.
If one will pause and take a view of the
world at this moment, he will see what was
never more perfectly seen upon the face of
the earth. The world is convulsed, as it
probably never has been since the creation,
with wars and rumors of wars, by famine
and desolation. IIi9tory does not present
such a general tumult of nations as we now
see. It would seem that the vials of the
Revelations were opened and that discord
and blood were rained down upon our gen
cration. "What tbe issue will be of all the
dreadful entanglements which now environ
the nations, time only will show. Certainly
no ono can divine it. Within a few
years wc have beheld the most magnificently
dreadful wars of which history lias any
record. Nations have been conquered and
subjugated to the caprices of ambitious and
tyrannical sovereigns. Iudian revolts, Syrian
massacres, and murderous sieges have
sapped the life-blood of millions. Europe
is just now convulsed from centre to cirPrtlonrl
ITnnfyarv orr> rino
VJ ULLIICI CUUC. .k umuu uuu utw >|/w
for revolt. Russia has emancipated her
serfs, and annexed a large tract of country
lately derived from China, whose coasts are
still infested and guarded by English and
French fleets. Sardinia stands demanding
Venitia and Rome, and Austria and Germany
proper, resist her. France holds Syria
for the Sultan of that wretched country,
but is ready to appropriate it to herself
whenever Emperor Napoleon thinks it policy
to do so. England and France are fitting
out naval fleets for the coasts of the
! United States, and the United States tbera
selves are disrupted, threatening civil war
at any moment. Spain has seized upon |
San Domingo and threatens Hayti and Mexico,
while Mexico on her part threatens to
i conquer Texas. Several of the South Aj
merican Republics are quarreling. Buenos
j Ayres and Paraguay are at Bwords' points.
| In India, famine is following a dreadful
massacre and revolt, and this famine reachI
es into Persia and China. In Holland, the
j inundation of the country, caused by the
| breaking away of the dykes, has destroyed
I its thousands, and left houseless and starving
thousands and thousands more. The
temporal power of the Pope topples. The
whole world seems on the eve of a general
war, and is only waiting for some one to j
strike the first blow.?Athens ( 0.) Messcii- j
ger.
- -
Confessing the Truth.
Hie jnew lorK weatuercocis ana uimngs- ]
gate journal, edited by James Gordon Ben- j
nett, says, in the issue of the 2Gth :
Mr. Lincoln, we suppose, means well \
crough, and is not traitorous to the couutry.
We cannot, therefore, get rid of biui; but {
be can very easily get rid of bis Cabinet, j
and appoint a vigorous Administration in j
its stead. That is the legitimate course, !
and which ought to be immediately adopted, i
] During the last two days there is a pain-1
ful and growing impression upon the pub- J
lie mind, and particularly among the chiefs j
of the Republican party, that "honest Old j
Abe" is not equal to the emergency in :
which he is placed?an emergency suffi- j
cient to try the intellect and the courage of I
a Napoleon. The merchants of New Yorkare
dejected and dispirited, fearing, notwithstanding
the sacrifices they are making,
and the glowing enthusiasm which has been
evoked at the North, that all will end in
smnL-e. and the exDedition to the South re
suit in failure. They dread, not without'
some reason, the approach of Jefferson Da- i
vis and his able Lieutenant, Beauregard, !
and the subtle statesmanship of Stephens.
They are, therefore, holding numerous secret
meetings, as so many committees of
public safety, each independently of the
others, from the common iostioct of self.
! preservation; and we understand that similar
meetings are being held in Philadelphia,
where the same distrust prevails as to the
competency of the Administration. In
both cities they speak of organizing a force :
at their own expense and upon their own
responsibility, to keep the direct route to
Washington open at all hazards. It is proposed
to organize an army of 50,000 men
in each city, to arm and equip them, to
collect provisions, and send with them a
commissariat for their sustenance.
What is Martial Law.
At the present crisis the significance of
: a term so much used, and with so little acI
curate sense of its meaning, becomes unu|
sually important :
Bouvier defines martial law as "a code
i established for the government of the army
j.and navy of the United States," whoseprin
i cipal rales are to be found in the articles |
j of war, prescribed by Act of Congress.? j
. But Chancellor Kent says this deliuitioD
| applies only to military law, while martial
j law is quite a distinct thing, and is founded
j on paramount necessity, and proclaimed by
j a military chief. Martial law is geuerally
and vaguely held to a suspension of all ordinary
civil rights and process, aud assuch
; approximates closely to a military despotism.
It is an arbitrary law, originating iu crncr-'
gcncies. In times of extreme peril to the \
I State, either from without or from within, !
1 the public welfare demands extraordinary !
i moasurcs. And martial law being pro
claimed, sigDities that the operation of the '
1 ordinary legal delays of justice is suspend- j
ed by the military power, which has for the ;
; time become supreme,
j It suspends the operation of the writ of:
i hub/as corpus, enables persons cnargcawitn
I treason to be summarily tried by court raar(
tial instead of grand jury, justities seurchcs
and seizures of private property, and tho
I taking possession of public highways and
other means of communication. Involving
the highest exercise of sovereignty, it is, of
course, capable of great abuse, and is only
; to be justified on emergencies of the most
. imperative and perilous nature.
?. <>at? - - - ?
Official Courtesies.?Hon. Wm, H.
| Seward, Mr. Lincoln's Secretary of State,
! has forwarded to the Hon. Robert Toombs,
Secretary of State of the Confederate States,
a copy enclosed in a government envelope,
I of Mr. Lincoln's blockade proclamation,
j The courtesy and kind feeling which prompt
I aaJ- moo JmIt? fAniofnrl nrk/3 in rofnm
LUC UVl) ffaa UUijr ayy*cvia*ui?) uuutuivvuuij
a copy of President Davis' proclamation in
reference to privateering has been forward
ed to Mr. Seward, enclosed in a government
envelope of the Confederate States.
Our government does not intend to allow
the Northern Government to get the start
of them in courtesy and politeness.?Montgomery
Mail.
Challenge to the Soldiers op Massachusetts.?The
following document,
says the New York Journal of Commerce,
was received at this office, by mail, this
morning. The envelope bore the postmark
-/ ni i ?a. ? a n j it c 1
oi Vjuarjesioo, o. \j., una we mereiore uave
do doubt that it is genuine :
Charleston, S. ., April 19,1861.
To the Editors of the Boston Traveller :
Gentlemen : Oa behalf of the South
Carolina Volunteers, I am deputed to request
Governor Andrews, of Massachusetts,
through you, that the military contingent
of your State be sent to South Carolina.?
In making this request, I assure you 1 but.
express the wish of every man, woman and
child in our State. We number about 10,000
men, well officered and acoontred, and
anxious for a fight, and cordially invite any
number from your section to give us a meetiug.
Do not, however, send them in the
fleet that appeared off Charleston harbor
during the bombardment of Fort Sumter,
for fear their timidity will interfere with
their landiug. Send all Massachusetts men
?none from Pennsylvania, for the regiment
of that State flunked at Cerro Gordo; nor
from New York, for at Churubusco (although
they claimed and received the right
from the Palmetto Regiment,) at the first
fire the gallant New Yorkers fell back, and
hid behind a barn; nor from Indiana?for
at Buena Yistu, the nimble regiment from
that State fled in inglorious confusion.?
Send jour Sumners, your Wilsons, your
Burl'ugames, and a host of similar notables,
anu .<e pledge our honors, our lives, and all
that we hold sacred, that none other but the
Palmetto Boys shall interfere with them.?
We want them exclusively forour own usp.
This request is made in good faith, and
on signifying your acceptance of our offer,
every arrangement will be made to give you
a safe passport to our shores.
Ox Behalf of the S. C. Volunteers.
President Davis at the North.?
The Cleveland (0 ) Phindealer, in speaking
of the South and its rulers, holds the
following complimentary language of President
Davis:
"The South have got plenty of talent
and pluck. There is no discoont on that.
Davis is one of the best military men in
? ? * rr t?. :.1l .1? If
trie woria. ne is merany a sou 01 luary.
The son-in-law of Gen. Taylor, educated
I at West Point, had a command in Mexico,
j was afterward Secretary of War, be knows
from books, all the theories, and from practice
all the arts of war. lie knows all the
military men of the North and of the world.
We never shall forget the first time we
called on him, merely to pay our respects,
while Secretary of War nnder Pierce. Although
a total stranger, he took us to a map
hanging on the wall, representing the Crimean
country, on which be had traced in
red lines the encampments, works, ditohiogs,
and other operations of the allied armies
then besieging Sebastopol. His countenance
glowed when describing the feats
of generalship there displayed, and wo
learned from him iu that short interview all
the peculiarities of the English, French
and Russian modes of warfare, their military
discipline and military men. He evidently
sighed then to bo a Napoleou."
Tm: Guaysox Dark Devjt.s.?There is
a universal feeling of sympathy with these
gallant fellows in their mortification at not
being received here. They number one
hundred men, all six feet high, and unfailing
rille shots. The company consisted
of one hundred and thirty-five, butitis said
their commander informed them that only
** 1 1^1 11 J i.
one nunarea wonia De auowea to uuui? w
i Richmond; and to decide which of them
I should enjoy that desired privilege they
[ fired at a mark running, and the hundred
who struck the target nearest to or exaotly
in the centre were accordingly detailed, to
the chagrin of the remainder, who were as
confident as their comrades that they could
send a ball at every crack through the vitals
of a Lincoln-poop.?Richmond Dispatch.
The company has since been accepted.
i Good fob jeff. Davis.?The telegraph
| contradicts its own report that Gen. Scott
! has resigned. One Jeff. Davis will be glad
| to bear that, as it is said that one of bis
I darling objects is to prove on the field,
j what he has long believed, that "Old Fuss
j and Feathers" is the greatest humbug of
! the age.?Mobile R<yiiter.