Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Telegraphed to the South Carolinian. Inaugural of President Lincoli Washington, March 4. Felloic Citizens of the United States : In compliance with a custom, as old as tl Government itself, I appear before you to a dress you briefly, and to take in your pre ence the cath prescribed by the Constitute of the United States, to be taken by tl President before he enters on the executii of his ofiice. I do not consider it necess ry, at present, for me to discuss those mi ters of administration about which there no special anxiety or excitement. Appi hension seems to exist among the people the Southern States that, by the accessii of a Republican Administration, their pro erty and peace and personal security are be endangered. There has never been ai reasonable cause for such apprehensionIndeed, the most ample evidence to tl contrary has all the while existed, and be open to their inspection. It is found nearly all the public speeches of him wl now addresses you. I do but quote fro one of those speeches when I declare thai have no purpose, directy or indirectly, interfere with the institution of slavery the States where it now exists, and belie' I have do lawful right to do so, and I ha' o inclination to do so Those who nou nated and elected me, did so with ft knowledge that I had made this and mai other similar declarations, and had nev recanted them; and, more than this, thi placed in the platform for my acceptanc as a law to themselves aod to me, the cle and emphatic resolution which I now reac "Rwolved, That the maintenance, inviolat of the rights of the States, 'and especially tl right of each State to order and control its ov domestic institutions according to its own jud mcnt, exclusively, is essential to that balance power on which the perfection and endurance our political fabric depend ; and we denoun the lawless invasion by armed force of the b< of any State or Territory, no matter under wh pretext, as among the gravest of crimes." I now reiterate these sentiments, and, i doing so, I only press npon the publio attei tion the most conclusive evidence of whic the case is susceptible, that the propert; peace and security of no section are to be i any wise endangered by the incoming Ai ministration. 1 add to that: all tne prote tion which, consistently with the Constiti tion and the laws, can be given, will 1 cheerfully given to all the States, when lai fully demanded, for whatever cause, i cheerfully to one section as to another. There is much controversy about the d livering up of fugitives frotn service or 1 bor. The clause I now read is as plain written in the Constitution as any other i its provisions: "No person held to service or labor in oi State, under the laws thereof, escaping into a: other, shall, in consequence of any law or reg lation therein, be discharged from such servii or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim the party to whom such service or labor may I due." It is scarcely questioned that this provi ion was intended, by those who made it, f< the reclaiming of what we call fugitit slaves, and the intention of the law givei is the law. All members of Congress swei their support to the whole Constitution, I this provision, as much as any other. 1 the proposition, then, that slaves whose c: ses come within the terms of this clausi shall be delivered up, their oaths are uoai imous. Now, if they would make the e fort in good temper, could they not wit nearly equal UDanimity, frame and pass law by means of which to keep good thi unanimous oath ? There is some different of opinion whether this clause should 1 enforced by national or by State authority but surely that difference is not a materii one; if the slave is to be surrendered, it ca be but of little consequence to him or I others by which authority it is done; an " should any one in any case be content thi this oath shall go unkept on a merely ui substantial controversy as to how it shall t kept? Again, in any law upon this sul ject, ought not all the safeguards of libert known in civilized and humane jurispn Aannek in v>o intrndnr?pd. sn that a free ma be not in any case surrendered as a slave, an might it not be well, at the same, to pri vide by law for the enforcement of th; olanse in the Constitution which guarante* that "the citizens of each State shall 1 entitled to all the privileges and immunitii of citizens in the several States." I take the official oath to-day with" no mei tal reservations, and with no purpose to coi strue the Constitution or laws by any hyp critical rules; and while I do not choo: now to specify particular acts of Congress i proper to be enforced, I do suggest that will be much safer for all, both in offici and private stations, to couform to and abic by all those acts which stand unrepealei than to violate any of them, trusting to tic immunity in having them held to be uncoi stitutional. It is seventy-two years since the first ina nf a Prt-oirlAnf und^r nnp Nation BU.OWWU V,. ? ^ Constitution. During that period, fifte< different and greatly distinguished citize have in succession administered the Kxe utive branch of the Government. Thi have conducted it through many perils, ai generally with great success. Yet, wi all this scope for precedent, I now ent upon the same task for the brief Constit tional term of four years, under great ai peculiar difficulties. A disruption of tl Federal Union, heretofore menaced, is nc formidably attempted. I hold that in co templutiou of universal law and of the Co stitution, the Union of these States is p< petual. Perpetuity is implied, if not e pressed, in the fundamental law of natiot Governments. It is safe to assert that Government proper ever had a provision its organic law for its own termination.Continue to execute all the express pro1 sions of our national Constitution and t Union will endure forever; it being imp< sible to destroy it except by some action c provided for in the instrument itself. . gain, if the United States be not a Gover ment proper, but an association of Stal in the nature of contract merely, can it, a contract, be practically unmade by 1< than all the parties who made it? 0 party to a contract may violate it, break so to speak, but does it not require all lawfully rescind it? Descending from the general principles, we find this propositic that in legal complication, the Union is p< petual, confirmed by the history of the U ion itself. The Union is much older th the Constitution ; it was formed in fact the articles of association in 1774. It w matured and continued by the Declarati of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, and the faith all these thirteen States expressly pledg and engaged that it should be perpetual.The Articles of Confederation in 1778, ai finally in 1787, one of the declared obje< tor ordaining and establishing the Cons tution was to form a more perfect Unic Bat if destruction of the Union by one or Ik by a part only of the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less perfect than before ?the Constitution having lost the vital element of perpetuity. It follows from ^ these views that no State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully go out of the Union : that resolves and ordinances to 3D ^ that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States, ^ are insurrectionary or revolutionary, aecor. ding to circumstances. I, therefore, consider that, in view of the Constitution and '6* the laws, the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, 1)0 as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins P upon me, that the laws of the Union bo t0 faithfully executed in all the States. Doing this, I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, and I shall perform it, so far e as practicable, unless my rightful masters, ,n the American people, shall withhold the ,1D requisite means, or, in some authorized manner, direct the contrary. I trust this lDJ will not be regarded as a menace, but as ^ the delared purpose of the Union, that it will constitutionally defend and maintain 10 itself. In doing this, there need be no blood shed or violence, and there shall be 7.e none, unless it be forced upon the national authority The power confided to me will 1 be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Gover ernment, and to oollect the duties and im? posts, but beyond what may be necessary e' for these objects, there will be no invasion,! j < no using of force against or among the people anywhere. Where hostility to the ^ United States in any interior locality shall m be so great and so unusual as to prevent competent resident citizens from holding 0f the Federal offices, there will be no attempt ce to force obnoxious strangers among the people for that object. While the strict a legal right may exist in the Government to' in enforce the exercise of these offices, the atQ. tempt to do so would be so irrational, and )h so nearly impracticable withal, that I deem it better to forego for the time the uses of in such offices. The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts o- of the Union. So far as possible, the peoa. pie everywhere shall have that sense of per)e feet security which is most favorable to cool y. thought and reflection. The course here us indicated will be followed, unless current events and experience shall show a modifie cation or cbaDge to be proper; and in every a- case and exigency, my best discretion will |y be exercised according to circumstances acof tually existing, and with a view and a hope of a peaceful solution of the aational trouie bles, and the restoration of fraternal sympac tbies and affections. That there are persons in one section or another who seek to of destroy the Union at all events, and are oe glad of auy pretext to do it, I will neither affirm or deny, but if there be such, I need address no word to them. To those, how 3r . ever, who really love the Union, may I not sneak before entering upon so crave a mat [J ~F~ ? 4- - Y . ' ter as the destruction of our national fabric, with all its benefits, its memories, its hopes 1 , Would it not be wise to ascertain precisely why wo do it? Will you hazard so desperate a step while there is any possibility ' that any portion of the ills you fly from ^ have no real existence ? Will you, while ^ the certain ills you fly to are greater than all the real ones you fly from, will you risk the commission of so fearful a mistake?? All profess to be content in the Union, if all constitutional rights can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right, plainly writj ten in the Constitution, has been denied ? I think not. Happily, the human mind is so constituted, that no power can reach to j the audacity of doing this. Thiuk, if you cau, of a single instance, in which a plainly written provision of the Constitution has ever been denied ? If by the mere force of numbers a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly written constitutional ^ right, it might, in a moral point of view, -- t . u jusury a revolution, n cenaioiy wouiu, ^ if such a right were a vital one. But such is not our case. All the vital rights of [j. ... . minorities and of individuals are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and negations, guarantees and prohibitions, in the Constitution, that controversies never arise concerning them. But no organic law can ever be framed with a provision specifically applicable to every question which may occur in practical administration. No foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reasonable length contain express provisions . for all possible questions Shall fugitives j from labor be surrendered by national or I by State authority ? The Constitution does ^ not expressly say. May Congress prohibit ^ slavery in the Territories 1 The Constitution does not expressly say. Must Congress protect slavery in the Territories ?? The Uonstitution aoes not expressly say.? u" From questions of this class spring all our constitutional controversies, and we di }n vide upou thenj into majorities and miDS norities. If the minority will not acquic" esce, the majority must, or the Governey meut must cease. There is no other alternativc for continuing the Government ^ than acquiescence on one side or the other. er If a minority in such case will secede rathu* er than acquiesce, they make a precedent, 1(^ which in turn will divide and ruin them; for a minority of their own will secede from )W them whenever a majority refuses to be conn" trolled by such minority. For instance, in" why may not any portion of a new Confed5r" eracy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily sex" cede again, precisely as portions of the preIa' scut Union now claim to secede from it?? Al) who cherish disunion sentiments, are 111 now being educated to the exact temper of "7 doing this. fl~ Is there such perfect identity of interests among the States to compose a new Union JS* tn nrndncfi hurinnnv onlv and nrevent re vW r J r l0t Dewed secession ? Plainly the central idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. A majority held In restraint by constitutional :es checks and limitations, and always changing as easily with deliberate changes of popular o!6S pinions and sentiments, is the only true sovPe ereign of a free people. Whoever rejects lfc> it, does, of necessity, fly to aDarchy or dest0 potism. Unanimity is impossible. The l8e rule of a minority, as a permanent arrangc,D> ment, is wholly anadmissiblc; so that, re;r" jectiog the majority principle, anarchy or n' despotism in some form, is all that is left. I an do not forget the position assumed by some, by that constitutional questions are to be deci'as ded by the Supreme Court. Nor do I deny 0D that such decisions must be binding in any case upon the parties to a suit. As to the of object of that suit, while they are also entied tied to very high respect and consideration ? in all parallel cases by all other departments Qd of the Government; and while it is obvi;ts ously possible that such decision may be ti- erroneous in any given case, still the evil in. effect following its being limited to that par. ticular case, with the chance that it may be over-ruled aud ucvcr become a precedent for other cases, cau better be borne than could the evils of a different practice. At the same time, the candid citizen must confess that, if the policy of the Government upon vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Courts, the instant they are made in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions, the people will have ceased to be their own rulers, having to that extent practically resigned their Government into the hands of that eminent tribunal.? Nor is there, in this view, any assault upon the court aud judges. It is a duty from which they may not shrink to decide cases of property brought before them, and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn their dej^ ions to political purposes. One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended. This is the only substantial dispute. As to the fugitive slave clause of the Constitution and the law for the suppression of the foreign slave trade, (as near as any law can ever be in a community where the moral sense of the people imperfectly supports the law itself,) the great, body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over each. I think these cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases, after the separation of the sections, than before. The foreign slave trade is now imperfectly suppressed, and would be utimately revived without restriction in one section, while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered at all by the other. Physically speaking, we cannot separate ; we cannot remove our respective sections from each other, nor build an impassable wall between them. A husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of our country cannot do this. They cannot but remain faoe to face, and intercourse, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them. Is it possi*k/ *r* frt rr?ofkof inturnnnrflo mnrAnrl. U ICj VU UlUOV lUUk tuvvi vvutuw u<w*w ? ?? vantageous or more satisfactory after separation than before? Can a liens make treaties easier than friends can make laws ?? Can treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens, than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always, and when, after much loss on both sides, and no gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical old question, as to terms of intercourse are again upon you. This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing Government, they can exercise the Constitutional right to amend it, or the revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I cannot be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national Constitution nmended. While I make no recommendation of amendment, I fully recognize the rightful authority of the people'over the whole subject, to be exercised io either of the modes presented in the instrument itself, and I should under existing circumstances, favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity being afforded the people to act upon it. I will venture to add that to me the convention mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people themselves, instead of only permitting them to take or repel propositions originated by others not especially chosen for the purpose, aud which might not be precisely such as they would wish to either accept or refuse. I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution, which amendment, however, I have not seen, has passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of particular amendments, so far as to say that, holding such a provision to now be the implied construction of the law, I have no objection to its beiug made express and irrevocable. The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from the people, aud they ha\e conferred none upon him to fix terms of separation of the States. The people themselves can do this also if they choose, but the Executive, as such, has uothing to do with it; his duty is to admin ister the present Government as it came to his hands, and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people? Is there any better or equal hope iu the world ? In our present differences, is either party without faith of being in the right? May the Almighty ruler of nations, with his eternal truth, be on your side of the North, or on yours of the South.. That truth and that justice will surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal, the American people. By the form of government under which we live, this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided for the return of that little to their own hands at very short intervals. While the people retain their virtue and vigilacce, no administration, by any extreme of wiekr.ftnneu nr fnllv. pan jpro sorintislv inini'P J J J J J the Government in the short space of four years. My couutrymen, one and all, I think calmly and well upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time. If there be any object to hurry any of you in hot haste to a step which you would never take deliberately, that object will be frustrated by taking time. But no good object can be frustrated by it. Such of you as are dissatisfied still, have the old Constitution unimpaired, and on the sensitive point the laws of your own framing under it, when the new administration will have no remedy, if it should change either. If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right side in the dispute, there is no single good reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and warm reliance on Ilim who has never yet forsaken this favored land are still competent to adjust all our present difficulties. In your hands, my dissatisfied friends and ormntrumen. and nnt in mine. is the mnmen tous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.? You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it. I am loth to cease to believe that we are not enemies but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot's grave to every loving hear; and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. " YORKVILLEj S. C. THITBSDAY MOBBING, MABCH 7, 1801. 89-Mr. John R. Allen, Post Master at Chester, in oui authorized agent j and fully empowered to receive inone) for this office, and give receipts for the same. 8(7- In c isen where subscribers do not take the Enkuirkh from the post-office, Post-Masters are requested to notify us Immediately. //^ LINCOLN'S INAUGURAL! Our readers will find President Lincoln's Inaugural entire, into to-day's paper. It is cool and cautiously worded, and gives us but little insight into his future policy.? Wc have no space nor desire to comment upon it. Lincoln's disguised flight into Washington, reuitnded us of the advent of Satan in the garden of Eden. His inaugural reminds us of the incohcrant utterings of Babel. Time alone will unfold the I tuiure. ^ GEN. BEAUREGARD. Gen. Peter G. T. Beauregard, a distinguished military officer of Louisiana, lately appointed Brigadier General of the Confederate forces, has been assigned to the command of the troops, in and near the harbor of Charleston. The Mercury says he arrived in Charleston in Sunday morning; and intended to make a preliminary inspection of our defences early on Monday. The Courier, speaking of him, says : "General Beauregard is favorably known to many Carolinians, who served with him in Mexico, where he earned his laurels. He was a West Point Cadet of 1884, and begun service in the Engineers in 1838. His brevet as Captain was acquired by gallant conduct at Coutreras and Churubusco, and in less than a month he earned the brevet of Major at Chapultepec. This .accomplished and distinguished officer was also a class mate at West Point of Major Trapier. He has not only acquired fame as a general officer ; but a high reputation as an en engineer, and during his service in the United States Army has gained the confidence} of the whole ccuniry. General Beauregard is in the 44th yeat of his age." YORK VILLE*AND DALLAS. We append a letter addressed by an intelligeut morchaut of Dallas, to Mr. Rose, President of the King's Mountain Railroad, on the subject of a railroad connection betvaaon mir tnmn nnd Dallas Our DeODle do not, we think, fully appreciate the central position of Yorkville. It is directly on the route of the Air Line Railroad, connecting Washington, Georgia, and Char loite, North Carolina; and if that muoh talked of road is ever built, it should run by Abbeville, Laurens, Union and Yorkville. Again, we are on a bee-line drawn from Charleston to Morganton, the centre of the mountain regions of North Carolina. In the letter appended, our people are only asked to build a road to the Noith Carolina line, a distance of 15 miles; and the cost of the road at $8,000 per mile, the cost per mile of the King's Mountain road, would only be 8120,000. The people of Gaston will connect with us at the line, and extend the road to Dallas. A charter has been secured, and a road is iu procoss of building to counectLiocolntou and Newton, the latter of which towns is on the road which is soon to unite Salisbury and Morgan':on. After all these roads should be completed, there would remain only a small gnp from Dallas to Lincolnton?a distance of but twelve miles?to complete the connection between Yorkville and Morganton, and enable us to tap the mountain regions at their most imDortant outlet. If the road, as the letter intimates, should be exteuded towards, or eveu into Virginia, it would only conduce the more to our business prosperity. Mr. White is a very intelligent aud euergetic gentleman, a member of the late North Carolina Legislature, from Gaston. He secured the charter of a road from Dallas to the line, under the belief that we of York hud a charter to connect with thetn This is precisely the case. The charter procured at the building of the King's Mountain road, grants the power to extend that road to any point on the line of Cleveland or Gaston. Our people, then, may go to work instantly; and we hope ere long to hear the neigh of the Iron Horse at the foot of King's Mountain. The advantages of this connection must be obvious to every oue. Railroads always stir the communities through which they pass, into new life and activity. Business increases, lands rise in value, and not to speak of the staple productions of the country, all the minor articles of the dairy, garden and farm?butter, eggs, apples, potatoes and everything of the kind?become more and more marketable and valuable. Not the least among the benefits to be derived from railroad facilities, is the advantage of a daily mail. In this age of increased reading aud intelligence, every one would be glad to have a railroad near him, ana aauy communication witn tne great centres of news and of trade. The road would likely cut the line somewhere within the first two miles westward of Grier's-store. Will not our good people along the route bestir themselves ? All, from the poorest to the richest, are interested. Let every one who can possibly do so, be prepared to take stock in the road ; aud success, we say, to the Yorkville and Dallas connection ! Expecting to urge this matter again, we will close this article, which is designed more to attract the attention of our people to the project than to argue its importance, by simply appending the letter above alluded to : "Dallas, N. C., Feb. 27, 1861. Dear Sir:?Through the energy and perseverance of Mr. White in our Legislature, we have got a charter for a Rail Road from this place to the South Carolina line. The object now is to meet you at the halfway place; and we hope that the object will bo favorably considered by your people, and measures taxen to extend your road to tne line as soon as possible. It is the wish of our citizens here, that we consult with you, and others in your place interested in the extension, and have the matter acted on as soon as we can. There will be no danger nor much delay up here, about securing our charter. It is the understanding with us that you already have a charter to extend your road to the line, and if so, we would like to know the conditions of the charter, and what the prospect will be for you to secure the charter and build the road to the line. If the road is ever built to this place, I have nc notion that this will be the terminus long) for it will eventually go to Lincolnton, Newton, Taylorsville, Wilkesboro, and on into Virginia, and may be one i among the first class paying roads in the ' Southern country. Stir up your people and i get them in for it; and if you act in your State, you need have no fears about us act- : i ing. This is a road I have always wanted, and it will be to the interest of your road and State to run it in this direction. You will please write me soon what we may expect from you. Our Commissioners will meet you in Chnvention at any time. Let us delay no time; but give something for the people and engineers to do. Hoping to hear from you soon, I am yours, &c." THE PEACE CONFERENCE. v This grave body of Union savers has adjourned sine die after adopting and laying 1 before Congress what is called the Franklin compromise. It is a very shame that the South has a single son who is content to hug this miserable cheat and mockery to his bosom. The compromise forever 1 prohibits slavery, in any and every event, in the territories north of 36 degrees 30 minutes. Is that riiiht? No! But does'nt it as positively sanction and protect slave ; in the territory south of the line ? Not ' at all. States formed out of this territory may be admitted either with or without a pro-slavery constitution. What is it but a solemn farce, on tbe part of the Southern men in the Peace Congress; and what but a contemptible cheat, on the part of the Northern men ? SOUTHERN ENTERPRISE. "The London Morning Chronicle of February 2, pays the merchants of Manchester, threatened with a difficulty in the supply of cotton from America, are determined to take measures to ob tain from the free labor of India what has hitherto been drawn from the "involuntary servi tude" of South Carolina aud her sister secession States. Thus a vast field of enterprise opens out for India, which has long been foreseen, as i the delusions on which "the domestic iustitu ; tions" of the United States were based were , certain one day to effect the double object oT the redemption of India and the destruction of slavery." i The Savannah Republican says: "A meeting i of capitalists has been called in New York to organize an association for the cultivation of cot toD by free labor. We wish them joy of their free labor in the cotton field and all the cotton ihey will make by it. By the way, where do they propose to establish plantations ?" "The Cotton Spiuner's Convention, lately in session at Atlanta, has adopted a resolution reoommendiug a general attendance of all inter ested in the commercial, financial and manufacturing future of the South, at an adjourned meeting of the Convention, to be held at Atlanta, on the 19th day of March. It was also resolved to take steps to obtain accurate anil full informa lion from abroad as to prices, styles, numbers j and kinds of cotton yarns saleable in foreign , markets. C. G. Baylor, Esq., was appointed to , proceed to Montgomery, to place before the ' Southern Congress, as Commissioner from the Convention, the purposes of the same, and to j obtain from the CoDgress that consideration and recognition of the objects in view which their vital importance to the whole South merits." We hail in these paragraphs the dawn of two ideas that are destined ere long, we think, to wield a great influence on the production and manufacture of corton ? "Ideas rule the world"; and the history of the past is the history of countless experiments sometimes failing, sometimes successful. Since the commencement of the slavery agitation, the great manufacturing communities of the North and of Europe, have desired to become less dcpendeot on the cotton of the Southern States. They have felt more keenly than ever this dependence and desire to escape from it, since the dawn of the New Confederacy, attended as it has been with a prospect of disturbing the cotton supply. We have seen that four millions of British subjects, and perhaps as great a number of Lincoln's subjects, are dependent on our great staple for the clothes they wear and the bread they eat. With their radical notions of respon- ' sibility, they feel that to use the products of slave-labor, makes themselves guilty of slavery. Hence, long after present disturbances are settled, whether with or without blood, a petty warfare will be waged against our industrial prosperity, with Quiz- ' UUC vuiui , auu uuc cApitiug ixsziuuuy ui buc drowning man who catches at a straw. The experiment of raising cotton in India is to be continued, under the hope that it will destroy slavery. China, from whom the allied forces ot France and England have lately exacted a favorable treaty, is to have her teeming cotton fields; and the Celestial Empire is to rival the New Republic of the new world in supplying the labor and the vestments of Christendom.? Northerners borrow many of their ideas 1 from Europe. The enterprising State of Massachusetts is anxious to supplant the use of Southern cotton within its borders, by the culture and manufacture of flax.? And, as we mentioned recently, the public mind north of Mason and Dixon's line, is eagerly seizing upon the idea of cultivating cotton by means of free labor, in the suitable territory now unoccupied on this ' continent. We repeat, the civilized world appears to us to b-j engaged in a bloodless commercial and industrial warfare for the destruction of Southern business, and with this ! the destruction of our peculiar institution. Whether it is done for the promotion of their own interests, or tho injury of ours, we care not, so that it is done at all. If they desire no-trade and non-intercourse with us, aud this desire awakens in us a spirit of manlier enterprise and self-reliance, the wrath of our enemies will be made to redound to their shame and to our ; prosperity. At a time, too, when the South is trying to unshackle the wheels of com- j merce by the reduction of tariff duties, if not by the adoption of universal free-trade, i the narrow policy aud the contemptuous, < self-righteous attitude of the nations towards her, are well calculated to rouse the slumbering energies of her people. We are glad in this connection to refer i to the cotton-spinning movement alluded to in the third paragraph above. The South i has every facility for spinning her own cot- i ton. The rivers that roll through the 1 mountain regions all arouod us, affo-d in- I exhaustible water-power. Southern labor can be made, we verily believe, highly re- j munerative in this branch of manufactures. If our capitalists, instead of investing so much of their surplus capital in bank-stock, . would invest it in the whirring and ringing activities of the. spindle and the loom, many a desert place of the South would blossom as the rose. The notion hitherto entertained by many, that we are exclusively an agricultural people, must be exploded, before the cotton j States can . realize their highest degree of prosperity. Every nation under the sun has more than one source of wealth; and ( every resource of a country must bo developed in order to the attainment of the high- < est possible power, position and influence. We would be glad to see a cotton-spinning manufactory established on some suitable I site along some of oar mountain streams. The "cotton yarn" conld be shipped tc Borne weaving establishment, here or ie Europe; and would, we question not, prove a lucrative investment. MERE-MENTION. We learn that Gen. Bonham and Gen Dunovant have both been summoned k Montgomery. Twenty patriots of the revolution died last year. Eighty-two are all that are now left. We notice a rnong the Louisiana volunteers, holding commissioned office, Capt. Loudon Butler son of Col. Pierce M. Butler, who fell al Cherubusco; and our old friend and school mate of "old-field" days, Lieut. SanV Whitfield Vance. The ladies of Wads worth Battalion, Laurens District, held ? meeting last Saturday and resolved to pre sent a flag to the "gallant Wadsworth Vol unteers." Mrs. Wright was made Presi dent; Miss Mary Williams,Secretary; Miss Pamela Golding was chosen to select ma terial for making the flag; Mr. J. W. Fer guson was elected to present it for the ladies, Wnflk Williomo olfnrnnfn nnf vapi U VT Q3". II All tUUJOj aibviuuw J muv a committee of four ladies was appointee to inform these gentlemen of their electioc ?the day for presentation to be appointed by the Secretary, Miss Williams, and tly( proceedings to be published in the Herald A noble act, ladies, well and thoroughly done ! . . ltev. E. J. Meynardie, formerly stationec at Yorkvillc, has been appointed Chaplaii of the 2nd Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers. The Memphis Avalanch states that about one hundred recruits foi the South Carolina Army, under commanc of Lieut. Mowry, left that city recently ioi Charleston W. M. Browne, Esq. late editor of the Washington Constitution has been appointed Assistant Seoretary'o State, by President Davis. Captaii John F. Hoke, a member of the Legisla ture of North Carolina, has been electee Adjutant General of the State, with a sal ary of 81800. When merchants be gin to take their signs down in the news papers, it is generally regarded as an indv cation of their retirement from business oj failure, by the sensible and discerning The Courier des Etats C'nis car understand why Mr. Lincoln is called hon est, but doubts whether he will ever b( called great. The last Greenvilh Patriot ami Mountaineer says: "We leart that Capt. Sitnkios has already enlisted^ this place forty-nine recruits for the rcgu lar army of South Carolina This is a lar ger number than has yet been received bj any other officer of the regular army of thii State.' Judge Jno. Robertson, Com missioner from Virginia to the Southeri States, arrived on Saturday in Richmond fie says his mission has been successful, s< far as inducing the Southern States not t( initiate hostile measures, but that they wil never consent to a reconstruction. It is worthy of remark that the Presiden and Vice-President of the Southern Re public should bear the names of Jeffersor and Alexander Hamilton. They soun< much more like American names than A braharn and Hannibal. ADAMS' EXPRESS COMPANY. Although not directly situated on an; line of this enterprising company, its favor have frequently placed us under obliga tions. We should be glad to see the com pany establish a conuection with this place It is decidedly the best managed mediun of safe and speedy business operations be tween distant points, that we know of ii the whole country. We recently noticec that a merchant of Augusta telegraphed t< a house in Philadelphia on Friday, and th< goods, ordered through Adams' Expresi Company, were opened for sale in Augusta on Monday morning following. Mr. W. T. J. 0. Woodward, the agen of this company in Charleston, says : "Oui customers who are ordering goods from anj of the States of the late United States, 01 for goods passing through the Confederate States of America, will please furnish oui agents with true and correct invoices ol each shipment, provided the goods are'da tiable. By so doiug, they will save themselves unnecessary expense and delay." Mr. W. J. Magrath, the general agent ol the South Carolina railroad, says that that road will discontinue the business of re ceiving aud forwarding on the 1 Ith instant Both of these notifications are made in con sequence or trie cnange in toe collection ui customs; and our readers who are having consignments made to the one or the other party, should order invoices of their goods to accompany said consignments, in ordei that the duties thereon may be levied, and they forwarded, without delay. Wbethei the goods ordered be "dutiable" or not, at invoice showing what they are, will "mak( assurance doubly sure," and prevent th< possibility of delay in their shipment. _ _ <*? ? EDITORIAL INKLINGS. There is divided sentiment in the Southern Congress in relation to the publi< lands within the States. Some think the right and title to these lands should b< vested in the States respectively; others in the Confederate States. The Committe< on Public Lands has been instructed to en quire into their present condition, and re ?. i? u:ii pun UJf Ulll U1 ULLicinuc. The Southern Congress has passec a bill to raise a loan of 815,000,000 at S per cent, per annum ; the interest payable annually, and the principal redeemable it ten years. After next August, an exporl duty of i cent, per pound is. to be leviec on cotton, which is pledged in payment o! the interest and principal of the loan. Il is estimated that the new government will need 825,000,000 during the first year ol its existence. The intention of the loac is to relieve the country from too severe taxation in its infancy. The provision made for paying it gradually, will scarcely be felt, and at the same time will prevenl the government from getting in debt. Simpson Bobo, Esq., of Spartanburg, has offered to the Southern Congress, through Mr. Memminger, a site in thai district for a Southern armory. The locality is not mentioned, but it must be some - L n wnere in tne iron regiuu. .Ciujwau, vjreur?ia, has likewise been recommended for the same purpose. Col. Sam'l Colt has tested the iron of the latter region, and pronounces it a fine quality. Some of it lias been made into razor steel, and razors, by an English company. The supply of ire at Etowah is abundant; and is said to jompare well with the beat brands of Norway iron. The mills there produce 1,000 ir 1,200 tons per annum, at a cost of from U5 to S20 per ton. Hon. W. L. Yancey has written a let:er to his constituents resigning .the seat he had held in the Alabama State Convention, ? for the reason that he has been appointed i to a position under the Provisional Governi ment that will, for a few months, require his entire time and undivided devotion.? It is said that Mr. Davis thinks his talents and his services entitle him to any position within the gift of the President; and has 1 tendered him any post that he might select. ! Mr. Yancey has chosen to be the head of 1 an "Embassy of Three"?of which Mr. ' Slidell, of Louisiana is another member? > to be sent to all the European powers, to ? procure our recognition as an independent ; people. The Memphis Avalanche very * justly remarks that the whole South will be ' pleased at this "well merrited tribute to a ' pure patriot, exalted statesman, eloquent 1 orator and true hearted man." Mr. Yancey ' has the blood of revolutionary sires in his * veins; and the eloquence of a Patrick Hen" ry lingers upon his lips. We venture the * prediction that this mission will not only ' secure its object at every Court to be visit' cd, but will raise the South one hundred * per cent, in European estimation I LOCAL AFFAIRS. f/Zfr. Wm. M. Walker. S This enterprising and energetic friend . returned oil Friday evening from Baltimore, j where he has been during the winter in attendance upon the Lectures of the DenI tal College. He brings his "sheep-skin" i with him ; aod is prepared to give even 1 more satisfaction to his patrons than here2 tofore. His many friends will be pleased r to observe his improved personal .appear1 ance. See his card in another column. / r Military Election. On Saturday last, Lieutenant C. A. Sea? brook was elected Captain of the "Jasper Light Infantry," vice Major M. Jenkins 1 elected Colonel of the 5th Regiment.? ' I. N. Withers, was elected 1st Lieutenant; E. B. Clinton, 2nd Lieutenant; and S. B. Meacbam, 3d Lieutenant. The appointment of non-commissioned officers will be made on next Saturday. A Weather in February. During the last month, M*j. McKenzie i reports, there were 14} days clear, and 13} . cloudy. It raioed 66 hours, or 5 22 inches. ? The wind was S., 8 days; E., 1 day; N. 5 1 day; W , 11 days; S. E., 2 days; S. W., i 'i days; JN. W.,2 days. The thermometer t ranged from 30 to 76 degrees. y ' President Win. E. Rose. Many thanks to Mr. Rose, the accom7 modating President of the King's Moan5 tain railroad, for recent early copies of the " Charlotte Bulletin. "Bosquet." j The attention of Stock-raisers is directed . to the advertisement of the Messrs. Gist in ] another column. ' NEWS FBObTTHE STATES. North Carolina. We give below the majorities in the counj ties heard from, for "Convention," or for "No Convention," as the case may be : Convention.?Brnnswick, 566; Buncombe, 830; Burke, 445; Cabarrus, 592; Caswell, 500; Catawba, 760; Cleveland, y 1153; Columbus, 432; Craven, 549; Dapg lin, 1181; Edgecombe, 1771; Franklin, 864; Gaston, 698; Granville, 313; Harnett, 131; Halifax, 300; Hertford, 300; Johnston, 100; Jones, 200; Lenoir, 250 ; . Lincoln. 600: Martin. 400: McDowell. 421; Meoklenburg, 1196; Nash, 906; New j Hanover, 1571; Onslow,' 270; Pitt, 810; j Rockingham, 500 ; Rutherford, 920; Samj son, 442; Union, 65; Wake, 168; Warren, ; 741; Wayne, 1008; Wilson, 300. Total 3 in 36 counties, 22,243. No Convention.?Alamance, 400 ; ' Ashe, 700; Beaufort, 400; Caldwell, 500; (. Carteret, 6; Cumberland, 133; Davidson, r 1200; Davie, 471; Forsyth, 800; Guilford, j 2587; Iredell, 1629; Montgomery, 729; r Moore, 1122; Orange, 957; Robeson, 600; ? Rowan, 268 ; Surry, 929 ; Washington, : 180; Wilkes, 1750; Yadkin, 1400. Total, f 20 counties, 16,761, These figures show in fifty-six counties, an aggregate majority of 5,482, in favor of a Convention. They are taken from partip snn naners : and. we cuess. the returns were L i?r > / -* ~ n ' not full in every case. Thirty more counties are to be heard from. It will be a close "neck and neck" race. The interest is immense. If the secessionists beat, a perfect p storm of joy will sweep over the "Old , North State." Whip up and hurrah ! ' Texas. ? Our readers are aware that Gen. Twiggs, " commandant of the United States forces in 1 Texas, has surrendered the forts, arsenals ' and military stores in his charge, to the au1 tborities of that State. Capt. Hill, sta! tioned at Fore Brown, had refused, at the ' latest advices, to acoede to this arrangement. He persisted in holding the fort, contrary to the orders of Gen. Twiggs and the demand of the Texas Commissioners to give it ' up; and an attack by the Texans on the ' fort, was considered imminent. > This is done, too, in the light of the fact i that the State is almost unanimous in rati> fying the ordinance of secession. Her delegates to Montgomery have been admit ted to seats in the Southern Congress ; and * her members in the Northern Congress, have withdrawn. I Texas is destiped to become a leading I State of the South. The returns of asses, sors from all but six of her counties, show , an aggregate value of property of 8291,t 827,584. The increase the past year has I been about 870,000,000, or over thirty per p cent. Much of this increase of wealth is t derived from immigration, which will conI tinue to bring immense resources and power p to the State, now that she has become a ! member of the Southern Confederacy. i Tribute pf Respect. Calhoun Hall, Feb. 22a, 1861. ; Whereas, In the Providence of an AllWise God, Mr. WM. MAXWELL MARTIN has been removed from the activo scenes of life, the Calhoun Society of Wofford College, of which he was a member, deems it proper to express the respect in which she holds the memory of her deceased son : the second who has fallen. Mr. Martin, by his active participation and brilliant talents in debate, has won a last[ 1 ing reputation. As Anniversary Orator of the Alumni Association last year, he discoursed eloquently on patriotism, and sub. sequently, at the call of his country, he put this patriotism into practice by offering his services to the State; and in performance of his duty at Fort Moultrie, contracted by exposure the disease of which he died. His affable and courteous manners gained for him many friends, who now mourn his loss. Therefore, be it Resolved, That the Calhoun Society learns with profound sorrow the death of Mr. Wm. M. Martin, and whilst bowing with humble resignation to this dispensation of Providence, we shed a tear over his early grave. Regained, That while not intruding upon the sanctity of domcstio grief, we tender our warmest sympathy to the bereaved fam- , ily. Resolved, That a page of our register be dedicated to his memory. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the family of the deceased. Resolved, That these resolutions be published in the Spartanburg Express, the J1 Columbia Carolinian, and the Yorkville W Enquirer. T. A. LIPSEY,' ) . E. K. DARGAN, \ ? H. M. STACK HOUSE, j ~ LATESTNEWS. Lincoln's Cabinet. Washington, March 5.?The Senate was in secret session one hour and-a-half, and confirmed W. H. Seward, of N. York, o . e o.-i-. a is ru ~e rvL secretary ui state , s. x . vuwe, ui vyuiu, .Secretary of the Treasury; 8. Cameron, of Pennsylvania, Secretary of War; S. Wells, Secretary of Navy ; C. Smith, of Indiana, Secretary of Interior; M. Blair, of Maryland, P stmaster-General, and E. Bates, of Missouri, Attorney General. The votes were unanimous for all excepting Bates and Blair, four or five votes being cast against each. Many objected to them because they 4 were unwilling that any from slave States Should go into the Cabinet. Large crowds ^ assembled around the doors, anxious to h .ar 4 ^he result of the Executive session. Important from Washington. Washington, March 5.?Maj. Anderson, up to the 4th inst., has continued to speak of bis condition as safe. He expresses the opinion that reinforcements had better not be sent to him. / Drafts drawn by Secretary Dix on the Assistant Treasurer at New Orleans, to pay -fm: work npon the custom house, and also drifts drawn by Postmaster General King on the same officer for postal service, amounting to between 8200,000 and 8300;000, have been returned unpaid. * ' The resignation of Mr. Preston, of Kentucky, minister to Spain, was this morning 'filed in the State Department. Large numbers of citizens of Kentucky and Indiana are here, uging the promotion . of Major Anderson to the Brigadiership lately held by Gen. Twiggs. Capt. L?ty, of Virgina, aid to Gen. Scott, has resigned. . / Prom Montgomery. - ' Montgomery,- March 4.?The design ? for the Flag of the Confederate States was , determined upon, and reported by the Committee to day. ^ The report was unanimously agreed to by Congress, and the fl?or in therefore adorned. The flatr orici ?n ? 1 ?*5 o Dated with the Committee, aod was sot taken from any of the numerous models referred to them. Its design is as follows: Red, white and red in the three equal parts horizontally placed The white between the red, blue union, with seven stars, in the form of a circle reaching down to the lower red. ' v 7The Flag was formally hoisted upon the Capitol at four o'clock this afternoon. Ex Senator Mai lory, "of Florida, was to- ' ^ night confirmed by Congress, in secret ses- > sion, as Secretary of the Navy. This com pletes the Cabinet. Montgomery, March 5.-?The proceed- / ing in the Southern Congress were unimportant to-day. They were in session nearly all day and again to-night. Lincoln's Inaugural is generally regarded as a virtual declaration of war. ^ Important from Louisiana. Baton Rouge, February 28.?The Senate passed a bill to-day appropriating half a million for the defence of the State from , foreign invasion. A communication was -received in the House from A. H. Osborn, of Brooklyn, in behalf of many citizens, asking the extension of an invitation from Louisiana to New Jersey and the Southern District of New York to unite with tije Southern Confederacy.? It was referred to the Committee on Federal Relations. A resolution of Mr. Lindsay to invite Southern Indiana and Illinois to secede and join the Southern Confederacy, requires that their constitutions be pro-slavery.. Gen. Beauregard. This officer has promptly entered opon his duties. The Charleston Courier of yesterday says: "Brigadier-General Beauregard, in company with his Excellency Gov. Pickens, who was accompanied by several of his Aids, ^ visited Fort Johnson, Cumming9' Point Battery, and Morris' Island Battery, on Monday morning. They returned about six o'olock in the evening. "We learn that General Beauregard was very much struck with the great amount of work that bad been done and the general progress and strength .of the fortifications. They did not visit Fort Monltrie, but Gen. Beauregard expressed perfect confidence that Fort Sumter could be reduced, and that it was a question only of time. Gen. Scott. The special correspondent of the Richmond Enquirer gives the following rumor: "It is impossible to-day to obtain any verification of the many important rumors in circulation. Among these is one to the effect that Gen. Scott says he has been grossly deceived by Northern statesmen, who represented that concession would be made satisfactory to the Southern States. ^ His steps to preserve public confidence and quiet were taken with that view; consequently he has been villified and abused by the whole South. He intimates that if his sword should ever be drawn, it will be for the South." ' Hurrying up Shipments for the: SOUTH.?A New York letter, in the Phila. > delphia Ledger, dated Tuesday evening,, says: "The North River wharve9, where the' Southern steamers have their berths, exhibit extraordinary animation, to day, in theshipment of goods, to fill orders for Charles ton, and Savannah, Mobile and New Orleans, before the new (Montgomery) tariff goes into practical effect, March 4th. The Bienville, for New Orleans, on the 1st, is already pretty full, with cargo enough en- i gaged ahead to fill her up. The Monticel- m lu, for Savannah, and the Jamestown, for Norfolk, sailed this afternoon, both heavily freighted with all sorts of merchandise, but