Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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JtafS & Jfarts, The "Kaolin" factory, near Angusta, Georgia, has commenced with Chinaware. -A letter from Leavenworth, Kansas,says that the London Times has a corresponddent on the way to Kansas, in the person of a Mr. Rntherfold, a Scotohman, who has started provided with every necessary of a camp life. . Mr. Hill, of California has given notice of a billl to prohibit repentant Know Nothings from becoming candidates for Con gross until they they have been faithful members of the Democratic party twenty-one years.' A leading member of the Presbyterian Church at- New Brighton, Pa., commenced a prayer at a revival meeting, the other day, in these words : " 0 Lord ! we would not assume to dictate to thee, but would only offer a few suggestions ?" ??It is stated very positively in vvasnington letters that not only Sonora, bat Chihuahua and Lower California will be offered to our government at a far valuation, and that an accredited agent is to come to Washington with full power to aot. v?? An exchange contains an advertisement by an Express Company of uncalled-for goods. By an accident the letter I had dropped from the word " lawful/' and it now reads; "Persons to whom these packages are directed are requested to come foward and pay the awful oharges on the same." We had an opportunity of examining, on Monday, a double-headed living terrapin, which has been sent to Prof. Holmes, for the College Museum, by J. W. La Bruce, Esq., of Waccamaw. Both heads seem perfect and lively, and the body and shell seem natural and perfect.?Charleston Courier. The population of some of the principal cites of Ohio is as follows : Cincinnati 200,000; Cleveland 60,000;"Columbus 25,000; Dayton 16,000; Toledo 14,000; Zanes ille 12,000; Steubenville 10,000 ; Chilicothe 10,000; Sandusky 10,000; SpriDgfield 8,000. No other city has more that 5,000. ?? The body of a man who died 17 months since, was recently disinterred at Glen's Falls, New York, on account of a superstition that if there was any blood in the heart and it was burned, a brother of the deceased, who was dying of cousumptioo, would recover. The blood not being found, tbe experiment was not tried. In boring an Artesian well in Stockton, California, the borer struok a red wood fttnmn 350 feet below the surface of the ground, and more than two hundred and fifty feet below the level of the Pacific ocean. The earth above and below was of stratified clay and send, which apparently not been disturbed ainc^ite original deposition. -Thftibjlowing extract whioh we make fann-the^CoUuectinnt Courant, of September 19^&74, will show our readers the man/ ner-u? which business was eonducted in "ye & oWen time." "The vessel advertised to sail / from Middletown for Mississippi the first of September will not sail till the tenth of October, as some of the passengers are not ready." - ' It is stated that within the last twenty-two years the Baptists in the United States have made a clear gain of 6,565 churches, 4,224 ministers, and 598,639 members, being an annual increase of 335 ohurches, 192 ministers, and 26,529 members. The increase for the Ta?t ten years has been much greater in the Southern than in the Northern Statee?the greatest increase having been in Virginia, Alabama and Missouri. Among the delegates to the Democratic State Convention of Illinois, was Peter Cartright, the old pioneer, a few years since. He put up atone of the large hotels, and at night was shown his room, which happened to be quite high up in the building, and accessible by a loDg, winding staircase. Af ter reaching the room, he hallooed : "Landlord, I say, landlord, bring me a hatchet." Upon the landlord making bis appearance, and inquiring what he wanted with the hatchet, he replied: "I want to blaze the way, so that I may find my way down." M. Gavarni, a Frenoh maohinist, has perfected his aerial ship at a cost of 300,000 francs, and made a voyage to Algiers, Africa, and back with it?a distance of fifteen hundred miles from his starting-point. The average speed was almost one hundred miles an hour, the voyage out occupying eighteen hours, and the return sixteen hours. M. Gavarni is to make the attempt from Havre to the city of New York as soon as he has further tested the character of his invention by a few short trips over the Mediterranean and its neighboring provinces. The retired physician " whose sands of life have nearly run out," so extensively advertised throughout the whole country, and whose advertisement has frequently appeared in our paper, is discovered to be an imposition, there being no such person as "Old Doctor James." Samuel Wesoot, Esq., Mayor of Jersey City, in reply to a letter from the interior of New York, whioh is pnblised in the Tribune, says : "lam in receipt of your favor, and in reply would say, there is no such person as Old Docter James residing in our city, but an old man is employed to personate him. The whole matter is well understood here to be an imposition. At Mount Sterling, Illinois, Thomas Downie, a Scotchman, was recently arrested for burglary, committed under the influence of liquor. After he had been committed to jail, he cut himself in various places with a raror, with the avowed intention of bleeding himself to death slowly. Having armed him* self with the leg of a stove, he prevented the officers on duty from entering his cell, until one of them threw a handful of Cayenne pepper into his eyes, causing him to drop the stove leg, and pay attention to the pains occasioned by the fiery powder. He was then easily secured, and became quite peniteQt andunsuicidal. Coroner Hills held and inquest in the case of the child whose death from circumcision was announced on Thursday. The child, Myer Jacob Levy, (whose parents reside at No. 03 Baxter street,) being eight days old, was cironmcised on Sunday last, by Dr. Abrams, of Bleecker street, who performed the operation in the usual manner. A few hours afterwards it was discovered that the bandage was displaced and that the child was bleeding profusely. Dr Abrams was reefdled, but his efforts to stop the hemorrhage were ineffectual. The verdict was ? Death from oonvulaions, superinduced by loss of . blood following oircumcision; further we ' ' .find that the operation was rightly performNeio Yerk paper; Cjje gflrMe EDITED BT SAM'Ii W. MEDTON. YORKVILLEj S. C. TH17B8DAY MORNING, HAY 6, 1858. J^*We are very desirous to give particulai attention to the local department of our paper; and to this end, we would ask our friends in the various portions of the District, Postmasters and others, to give us reliable accounts of whatever matters of general interest, that may transpire in their respective localities. Notices of Marriages aud Deaths will be promptly inserted, when accompanied by a responsible name. Announcemonts nf ?li(rinnfl and temnerance meetings will MVMW V* * V..p,.v-W r fc? be inserted with pleasure, and -without charge. Our friends, Clergymen, Postmasters and others, can, and we trust will, aid us materially in contributing interesting items, of this nature to our columns. *#* In order to encourage the efforts of all who are favorable to our enterprise, we propose to send a copy of the EsQriRKK, gratie, to any one making up a club of ten subscribers and sending $16, in advance. To clubs of six, the paper will be sent for $1050, with an extra copy to the person making the club. t&F' Wm. P. McFaddbn, Esq., and M. Jones, are authorized to act aB ageuts for the Enquires, receive money and give receipts for the office. ggy-H. Judge Moore, Esq., is our authorized agent to obtain subscriptions and advertisements, and to collect money due the office, in Charleston. The absence of the editor will account for the want of the usual editorial matter. mer koiejf tiox. The telegraph operator at Oswego has been counting the freight cars passing that station east and west, daring two weeks, and finds the total to be 3,398. The American Baptist says : "The aggregate of conversions reported in connection with Baptist churches alone, during the month of March, is over seventeen thousand. Benton's Thirty Years' View is said to have already attained the sale of seventy thousand volumes ! At one of the churches in Girard Ala., on Sunday morniDg last, notices of two intended marriges were read from the pulpit by the officiating minister. Hon. Thos. F. Marshall, of Kentucky, says he has not joined any church, and as he reads the Bible, he thinks there is no need of his joining. The press, the pulpit and the petticoat?The first spreads the news ; the- second religion, and the last spreads?all over the pavement. Dr. Griffin of Columbia, says the Guardian, has a soda fountain in his drug-store "which is equal to any of the wonderful wine bottles of our modern necromancers. Out of the some jet comes any syrup you may desire, and immediately there after the charged water." Rev. F. Asburt Mood has consented to deliver a course of lectures on European scenes and impressions, in Charlotte, N. C., beginning on the 11th inst., the proceeds to be applied to the new Methodist Church of that town. A pauorarnaof New York is being .exhibited in a congregational church in Detroit.? Horace Greeley and James Gordon Bennett are.represented as walking down Broadway armin-arm. drgeddinqs, Professor of Surgery in the Medical College of this State, has resigned. The Banks of Augusta, Ga., resumed specie payment on Friday last. Edw in Forest, denies having been converted. The Darlington Family Friend is hereoftei to be called the Darlington Flag. A good change, Neil. An Irish paper, describing a late duel, says that one of the cambatants was shot through the fleshy part of the thigh bone. They are talking up a monument to Col. Benton, at St. Louis. A descent was made upon the lottery dealers of Pittsburg on Thursday last, and the members of six different firms were arrested. The population of "all the world" is estimted at eight hundred and seventy-eight millions. The month of December last was warmer then any December we have had for thirty-nine years. English papers report the discovery of another plot in France to assassinate Louis Napoleon. The State Treasurer of Wisconsin makes public announcement that the Treasury is empty, with $90,000 to be paid. The State is in a bad way. The superfluous blossoms on a iruittreeare meant to symbolize the large way in which God loves to do pleasant things. "A coffin," says an rrisnman, "is a nousu a muu uvea in mien he is dead." In England the average of life exceeds that of Franoe by eleven years, notwithstanding the superior French climate In Minnesoto, they have Sibley "declared" Governor; Ramse "elected" Governor; Mkdary "appointed" Governor; and Chasf. "acting" Governor. Messrs. Everett, Bell, Crittenden, Fillmore, Fremont, and Douglas, have all been named in different directions, by the opposition, for the Presidency in I860. ""The proppectus of the Olobe newspaper informs us that the average number of words spoken by Congress "in a long session is 9,290,772." The fellow who put the thing in a nutshell, found it cracked a day or two afterwards. The 39th Anniversary of the introduction of the I. 0. 0. F. into the United States, was celebrated at Baltimore, on Monday, 26th ultimo. Edward Everett will resume his Southern tour by a Lecture at Lynchburg, Va., on the Cth inst. A Captain, recently from sea, reports having spoken five vessels, each of which had daily prayer meetings. To the courting lover's exclamation : "Our couch shall be roses all spangled with dew," a sensible girl replied." "Twould give me the Rheumatics, and so it would you." Mr. Champomier, in his statement of the sugar crop of Louisiana for 1857-8, gives the total as 279,697 hogsheads, estimated to weigh 307,666,700 pounds. The newspapers have a telegraghic report from Washington that Mr. Forsyth is to be recalled from his mission to Mexico Red cheeks are only oxygin in another shape. Girl.? anxious to wear a pair will find them where the roses do?out of doors. The celebrated Benjamin West related that his mother once kissed him eagerly when he showed her a likeness he had sketched of his baby sister; andbeadds, "That kiss made me a painter." Bishop Carrol, of Kentucky, conferred the rights of confirmation upon somo 150 persons, at Wheeling, Va., Sunday last. The number of vehicles of all kinds in Paris is calculated to amount to 32,000 with 50,000 horses. For the Yorkville Enquirer. LEGISLATIVE NOMINATION. Mr. Editor: Whilst individuals and sections ol York District have been exercising their undoubted right of indicating a preference for particular men, Whom they would invest with the high and i important privilege of representative legislation j in our State Legislature, please give publication to the following ticket, as one believed to be satisfactory to an humble and unambitious corner ol our District; to wit: Dr. It. T. Allison, Edwari Moore, Esq., Wm. P. Thomasson, and A. S. Walj lace, Esq. Two of the above gentlemen have been hereto 7 fore suggested; and it is supposed they will subi mit themselves to the will of the people. Thej j are well known, and their principles of legislativ* action are about as open and undisguised as theii persons. As to the other two gentlemen, can th< upper portion of the district, or the Indian Land ' respectively, hope to proposo a candidate, whi i will, at one and the same time, be more true t< its own section, and more acceptable to the grea | body of the balance of the electing community However this ticket may conflict with the view! and aspirations of particular individuals?or o; candidates and their friends?or the vaulting ambition of particular localities, we flatter ourselvei it will be regarded by a majority of our reflecting citizens a fair, equitable, safe and judicious nomination, and likely to be sustained by the prepon derant preference of an intelligent constituency. BULLOCK'S CREEK. For the Yorkville Enquirer. THE N T LEGISLATURE. Mr. Editor:?Si >ral names linve already been presented to the !c in connection with the next Legislature. The voters of the Western section of York District, confiding in the foresight, prudence and integrity of their present representative, W. C. Black, Esq., desire to press his claims on the consideration of the public. Approving of his course in the'Legislature, his re-election will be entirely acceptable, and we hope that he will concede to the wishes of his friends, and permit his name to be placed on the list of candidates. MANY VOTERS. For the Yorkville Enquirer. THE BANK QUESTION. Mr. Editor: From information derived from friends, as also from a paper somewhat of an official character, published in the last Enquirer, I am led to believe, that in some portions of the District, misapprehension in regard to the action of our Legislature, prevails. Allow me in as few words as possible, to recapitulate the circumstances, and state the matter as it stands. When I aay in as few words as possible, I do not mean to affirm that the subject can be disposed of in a few words, but only that I will endeavor to use as few as may comport with the intricacy And importance of the subject. It furnished a fruitful theme for discussion for three weeks, and was regarded as of so grave and ponderous a character, as to draw the fire from the heaviest ordinance. It was dicussed in general with much fairness, for the great object of all seemed to be, in honesty of heart and uprightness of spirit, to arrive at a holy and wise conclusion. I know that the matter is not well understood, and I do not know that I can throw much light upon it; but one thing I do kuow, that my aim is to state the truth in simplicity, honesty and sincerity; and I believe that now is the most opportune time, before the candidates have taken the field and announced their views. So much has been said aud written about Banks, that it is difficult to say any thing about thorn, without repeating what has been said by some one else. Yet the general discussion had, and the general overhauling of the Banks throughout the country have had a tendency in some degree, to bring before the country their various means of making moucy ; and in the present state of society, their great convenience to the public, and their absolute necessity. It has been a matter of wonder in the minds of many, how the Banks could make so much money ?how they could pay such large dividends, and high salaries to their officers. But it is to be recollected, that they have not only their capital to'work upon, but are permitted to issue bills founded upon their stock. The Capital being paid, Banks can issue two dollars for each dollar so paid?and many of them have exceeded this. Now, a bank loans its bills which do not draw interest, for notes which do bear interest, and some have five or six dollars in circulation, on which they receive interest, for one of specie which is lying idle. Again; Banks loan out on interest deposits on which they do not pay interest, which is another source of gain. Again, when a Bank loans money, it disoounts for more time than is actually nllowed for payment. For instance, if I borrow $100 for 60 days, the Bank discounts for 63 days. Thffc to be sure in each individual case is not much, but in the aggregate amoxints to a great deal. In some Banks where a large discount business ts done, it may cover, nearly, or altogether, the whole expenses of the Bank. Now these are the privileges of these incorporated institutions?these are the advantages of as sociated commercial capital. Well; some will say these are great privileges, and I have heard individuals say, if the Legislature would only grant me the privilege of issuing two dollars for one of capital, I wonld invest all my estate in Banking and coin money by the operation. Why these individuals are far better without the trammel of incorporation. You may now issue twenty dollars for one, if you choose, and so long as you can induce the community to believe that your notes are good beyond doubt, you may issue ten thousand dollars for one which you actually have. But here may be a difficulty. You may not get your notes to circulate. You have not the unbounded confidence of the community, and for lack of this, you cannot enter into Banking profitably. Incorporation adds nothing to the capital; not a cenf. A State cannot coin money?that privilege belongs to the Federal Government?and what a State cannot do of herself, she cannot do through another. The whole advantage of incorporation is, that it brings together associated capital? brings under the control of law?brings before the country the name of those so associated and their means; and the community having unbounded confidence in their stability, receive their notes?that is their promises to pay. In the present state of society, and whilst so much business is done on credit, Banks are a great public convenience?a great public necessity ; and the overthrow of the system would paralyze and destroy the business of the country. It is better then, that associated commercial capital should in some degree be subject to law. Incorporation gives no Capital?the State incorporation cannot make Bunk Bills a lawful tender. No one is obliged to take these notes?it is wholly optional with a person to receive them But if there is undoubted confidence in their value, it is a great convenience. Now, individuals may associate together and issue as many notes as they please, but the community is not so likely to take their promises, as the promises of those who are recognized in, and controlled by law. One or two of the States have no Banks. Well, how do they get along? Why they just use the circulating medium of the adjoining States. So, if we in South Carolina had no Banks, we would just use North Carolina and Georgia Bills, unless we bad men of princely fortunes like Girabd, whose bills would be as good as gold and silver. Banking is a system but little understood, and because it is not understood, many an honest man has been deceived by the loud assertions which are continually made against the system. The most ' clamorous persons are usually those who have i never had any thing to do with Banks, and who i know nothing of their operation. Tho Banks i having an associated capital of many millions, are .considered by the community as worthy of credit; F and their Bills even when not redeemable in coin, i will pass from hand to hand, because the public are well assured that they represent property ol unquestioned value. The charter does not give these Bills their value, as muny suppose; it ii the fact that they represent property?the pror ducts of the country?that they are issued by re> i sponsible parties, and when the products of the r country are sold, the means of redemption are i provided?they are received in payment of dues , and so, to all intents and purposes, are equivalnnt > practically, to gold and silver. J The use of credit in providing a circulating me t dium is ene of the most beautiful operations in th< f commercial world. It saves the employment o } coin (ami coin is not always to be had, and thongh f the basi* of the circulating medium, can never be so abundant as to supply the wants of the world.) t Besides, specie is cumbrous and expensive. The ; use of this credit in providing a circulating medi um, enables 4he Planter to dispose of his crop at home for ready money; and when these crops reach the intended markets, they famish to the Banks, Exchange on New York, Boston, Philadelphia, New Orleans, or Liverpool. So by this operation, plauterssell their crops and merchants I obtain the means of purchasing goods. Look for I | a moment into the operation. All produce drafts ! are nmwn at tux percent., uuu uumvouv . is obtained in this way. You take, say -50 bales of cotton to market?say Chester. One of the cotton buyers purchases your cotton; the Bank loans him the money, and he paysyou. He pays interest to the Bank?you pay none; he ships this cotton to Charleston and draws his draft. A cotton Broker in Charleston, has an order from a manufacturer in the North for fifty bales of just such cotton; but the broker must first get the money, before he can get the cotton from the Merchant's Factor. Ho therefore draws his Bill of Exchauge upou the manufacturer, and the agent of the Bank buys up that Bill of Exchange for the use of the Bank, with the proceeds of tho cotton; and that puts money at the stipulated time, say sixty, ninety o*r one hundred and twenty days, in New York. The merchants trading in New York, want funds there to pay for their goods?they go to the Bank and buy a draft at \ premium, which to them is equal to gold and silver; and this saves them all the expense of transporting specie, as also the trouble aud hazard attending it. So long as New York is the great emporium of trade, so long will merchants from all sections of the country trade there? and while that is the cose, the Banks must deal in Exchange ; the wants of the country require it, and these wants must be supplied. It has been said that some of tho Banks established agencies in the West, and when their notes fell far below par, bought them in. This, if so, was bad conduct, and those who know it to be a nnf ^ATifAnt t h amqa1 vitQ with aimnlv ? ? ' ? r-j circulating the rumor; but should place it within the range of investigation. I suppose that Banks, as well as individuals, have a right to use their notes wherever they can obtain credit, whether at home or abroad. The great mistake was in chartering so many Banks. As regards the late commercial crisis (1857) the Banks were not the only parties at fault.? There was a general disposition, to speculate throughout the whole world. The opening of California, commercially, agriculturally, and in milling operations; the temptations held out by opening up the Western Territories, and the bringing in of New States rich'in agricultural promises, drew off a vast amount of capital from the East. The many rail-road enterprises were not without their effect, and the great propensity for foreign fabrics swelled the imposts to such an enormous extent, that a crisis was inevitable. The products of the soil were never so great; but as there was not capital in circulation to purchase at fair rates, the farmer refused to sell? kept his crop on hand, and gave his note to the merchaut; the merchant disappointed by his debt'ore, gave his note to the Banks; the Banks disappointed by the merchant and others, were unable to redeem their promises to pay; the differentStates had to suspend and issue their promises, and finally the United States, the richest government on the face of the earth, had to suspend and issue its promises, to be redeemed at a future day. The Banks of Boston and New York struggled that each might hold out the longest, when depositors fearing the consequence, drew out their deposits, which created a well founded panic. With regard to the action of the Legislature, the great object of all was to do what was right. There was no lack of patriotism and honesty of purpose, but the difficulty was to arrive at the true measures to be adopted. All was chaos. Many avowed that they knew nothing of the subject.? We found our people in the midst of distress, suddenly overwhelmed in misfortune, and totally at their wits end to know what to do. Many nf us thought that there were others besides the Banks at fault; and onr aim in the fear of Ood, was to endeavor to extricate the country from this sad oondition into which it had been so suddenly, nnd so unexpectedly precipitated. The subject was one on which there was much diversity of opinion,and theory was continually sounding in our ears, "punish the Banks?punish the Banks!" Why punish the Banks? Were the Banks the only parties at fault ? Had the debtors of the Banks settled their dues ? Not at all. One Bank in Charleston had falling due to it in one week, $100,000, and only $10,000 of it was paid?just about one-tenth part; and this is supposed to be about the average amount paid by the debtors of the Banks. I ask again, why punish the Banks, as though they were the only defaulters ? The Bunks if not paid in their own paper, have a right to demand gold and silver, yet such a thing is never beard of. The Banks are to be punished, whilst the debtors of the Banks are expected to go Scot free. Were there no others besides Banks unable to redeem their paper? Did the Banks of South Carolina force their money upon fhe citizens and compel them to go in debt? Was this revulsion peculiar to South Carolina ? No ! We saw that the revulsion extended all over the commercial world. Hamburg, Vienna, Constantinople, Liverpool, Manchester, and London, all hnd gone down in the panic. Every Bank in New Englnnd, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, and the most of them throughout Georgia, Alaj bnmn and Louisiana, had suspended. What could i be expectedof South Carolina?that she could stand j nut against the whole commercial world? Iropos J sible! Her chief fault consisted in holding out I too long?in suffering herself to be drained of her specie, whilst all the Northern Banks were hoard- j ing it up. The bitterest foeB in tho legislature, admitted that suspension was inevitable. The leader of the opposition forces, a Director in one of the Charleston Banks, and who has waged an unrelenting warfare upon the Bank of the State for a long period, admitted that had he been in attendance upon the Board, be might have united in feeling with those who counselled suspension. The Legislature of many of the States had been convoked and le| galized the acts of suspension. To talk of South | Carolina holding out against the whole world is i sheer nonsense. She can no more ward off the effects of revulsions in other countries, than she can prevent the hurricane from visiting her coast; the waves of tho sea beating upon her shores, or tho tides of the oceans running into her , borders; connected commercially as she is with i the North, every revulsion there must be felt here. ; But it was charged that the Banks attempted to i over-awe the Legislature by threatening to put ' * ... . \T . _ A - /? * 1L ! i i the screws to the people, xnoi a woru oi irum iu j : it. It was asserted for effect, but like many otk- I , | er assertions fell still-born. Take the memorial i | and examine it, and I defy any man with "a grain f j of that charity which thinketh no evil," to find a i threat, or anything of a minatory character from i beginning to end. Indeed, I would be glad to see I it published entire, that our people might examine I it, not by parcels, but as a whole. The leader of 3 | the opposition first made the charge on the floor 3 of the House?but in his revised speech, also be, fore me, softens tue charge?affirms that Banks , ; do not threaten, but simply hint. Well, the Banks j said if the penalty was exacted, they would have to wind up?they would have to call in their e , debts; and that the calling in of their debts, and f | the inability to furnish a currency for bringing forward the crop would produce embarrassment And ia not that so? Take up your village newsp? per, or the country adYertisemont, and you wil find merchants, mechanics, and others, not merely 'hintivg,' but asserting roundly, that money thej want, and money they must have?peaceably i: they can, foroibly if they must?and if it is noi forthcoming, settlement will have to be maae win officers, &c. &o. Well this is all right when mor chants and others are concorded, but let a Bnnl "hint" any thing of the kiud, and the hue and crj are immediately raised against it. Had there been no relaxation as to the penalty for suspension, and a repeal of so much of the acl of 18-52 as inflicted a high penalty for paying out the Bills of other Banks, except in tfettlemeni with those Banks, not a dollar would have beer discounted?not a bale of cotton would have found its way to market, except at a ruinous rate. Manj would have been compelled to sell at any. price, and men of capital would have fattened upon the misfortunes of their fellow man. Could any man with refined feelings, or with a spark of humanity about him, contemplate suob a stste of thing! without emotion? He must be less than mortal, who could sit unmoved and look calmly around upon the scene of devastation and ruin. During the height of the panio, the Banks oi this State had in circulation About six millions? there was du6 the Banks about twenty-six millions. The prices of cotton in Liverpool would have justified a price here of from 12 to 15 cents per lb., yet not a bale could be sold at any price. Moneyed men in England knowing the indebtedness ol our people, and that a large portion of the crop mnst come into market at any price, were waiting the favorable moment to step in and speoalatc upon the misfortunes of our countrymen. In addition to this dire calamity?the calamity of indebtedness on the part of the country, and the readinees of English capitalists to hoy up the crop at the proper moment for a mere song?the commercial houses of Charleston had to be sustained ; and to the credit of the Banks, so soon ae they were at liberty to do business, they sent re lief to the merchants of oar Commercial Metropolis, and whilst the banks of New Tork cat down between six and seven hundred of her commercial houses, not a single failure occurred in Charleston. . ... Had the stringent measures proposed by some been carried out, the whole cotton crop would have been on hands yet, except what would have been forced into market, and whioh would have , - *.. . gone to swell the already colossal fortunes of Eng.lish noblemen and English capitalists. There was none selling at the time, but many would have been obliged to sell at any price?perhaps at five or six cents ; and three-fourths of the commercial houses in Charleston must have been over" whelmed in ruin. Many of them could not have stood out two weeks longer. The Delegation from the District, who, in voting for the relief of the Banks voted directly for the reiief of the people, were under no obligation tc the Banks. Not one of them owed tho Banks; not one of them had received any favors from tlu Banks; not one of them expected any favors.? Their object was to relieve the community. Per haps the very persons who asperse.them, are enjoying the fruits of their legislation. Certain il is, there are many in the country waging relentless warfare against the local Banks, whose property is exempt from execution, by-the operatiot of the act complained of. The only'fhwible plat whioh presented itself to our view, wa9 to remov* certain restrictions from the Banks?put then upon their good behavior, and prevent them fron oppressing their debtors while they remain in t state of suspension. Until they resume specif payment, they are inhibited from enforcing tbeii claims upon those who owe them. Perhaps it would be well for those who fee themselves under embarrassed oircmnstances, U enquire how it came about. Certainly the Banki did pot compel ua#to contract obligations whicl we are unable to discharge at a moment's warning; and certain it is, that the Banks by their oharten came under no obligations to pay our debts.? There may be faults with us, as well as with th< Banks. If we do not owe the Banks, we may owt those who are debtors to the Banks, and thui have no inconsiderable hand in crippling their resources. ... This requires me to advert a moment, befort giving a synopsis of the act, to certain representations made in the semi-official paper referred to, published in the Enquibeb of 22d inst. The writei could not hare read, or if he did, must have mis.apprehended tha import of the "4ct, for the suspension of certain seotions of certain acts" &c., ratified on the 21st December 1857; and therefore he ought not so to have written?or if he had read it, it was hastily and inconsiderately done,v and consequently misapprehended. The writer says: "Banks are instruments of oppression?cramping the energies of the people, and impeding the eo.urse of a sound, substantial and permanent progress." Well, that is bis opinion, and every man has a right to draw his own conclusions, provided lie makes a full and fair investigation. It is added, "they have failed to meet their obligations in goud faith." Have the debtors in York, Chester, and in all the Districts of the State, "met their obligations in good faith ?" I trow not. I think I know of mnny citizens in our District, who are more indebted to the kind forbearance, human and cbtistian feelings of our Sheriff, than they are to tbelr "having met their obligations in good feith.-" I think I know a great many besides Banks, who have not "met their obligations in good faith;" and I think I know a great many who could not dmnt tVioif nhlio-ntinns in (rood foitll." even nrvw tiiw? iuvi. vw..D?..? ? 0_ r . _ with Bank notes, much less with gold and silver, and hrd no forbearance been extended to them, which forbcnranco they seem to withhold from the Banks, must have ended in their utter ruin Had creditors, with one accord, pressed their claims, our country would have been ruined. A few shylocks would have possessed themselves of a large portion of our property, and the streets of York would have been overgrown with grass. No one perhaps knows bow much the citizens of York and the citizens of Chester are indebted to the kind aud humane feelings of their respective Sheriffs, who suffered themselves to be "ruled," rather than oppress those who "failed to meet their obligations in good faith." It is further asserted that the "Banks have beer permitted, without obstruction, to disregard the regulations of law, and in fact, to usurp the powers of Legislation." This is a charge of so serious s nature, that it is difficult to account for it. The writer as before said, could not have read the act, aud being ignorant, ought not so to have written, There is such a manifest and palpable variance, between tho statements and the facts as they exist that it does not seem possible that human nature, depraved as it is, could have wilfully made th< representation. I ascribe R to tho want of infor mation. The act will show for itself. I now proceed to a brief synopsis of the Act, and the reader can judge, how far the representa tion differs from tho letter and spirit of the act and whether the late delegation, whose votes art well known, and who had no hand in bringing the Banks into existenoe, have not been greatly mis represented. The Aot of the last Legislature provides for th< ' suspension (until January 1, 1859,) of the act o { 1840, which provided fora penalty of five percent % * * - ' 1 ' to be pan! tne cuaie oy a duu& euspcuuiug ape cie payment. It seems to be a policy of a rathe doubtful nature for a great State to exact thi penalty for her own use, to the exclusion of th< bill holders, the persons suffering damage. Bu Jfe - - . let that pan.1). The Banks whLb paid this penalty - petitioned the Legislature'to hate it returned.? I The Legislature refused. Does that look, ai f though they were permitted, "without obstruction r to disregard the regulations of law, and in fact t< f usurp the powers of legislation ?" t ' The Actprorides that judgment against debtors i snail noi oe enrorceu dj a diwk wnutsi iu a ow of suspension?that is, no Bank whilst it does no : redeem its notes with specie, shall have the privi r lego of collecting a debt, unless where other cred' Itors are executing a man's property, in whicl ' case the Bank is not inhibited from putting in iti t claim. Does that look as though Banks were per' t raitted, "without obstruction, to disregard the regl ulntions of law, and in fact, to usurp the powers o! i legislation ?" It looks to me very like obstructor 1 ?obstruction of a very serious nature, obstruO' ' tion with a vengeance ! , The Act provides that after January 1, 1860, ? i the Bank notes issued by any Bank, shall, for mon than thirty days, exceed three times the smoutf of gold bullion in the possession of the Bank al i its Banking House, the Bank shall forfeit five hun dred dollars for eaoh successive day daring whiol 1 saoh excess shall continue. The officers of thi Banks shall make returns upon oath every week ' Call you that permitting the "Banks, without ob struction, to disregard the regulations of law and in fact, to usnrp the powers of legislation T" The act provides that from said 1860, no Bant shall issue a note of less denomination than Ut dollars apon the forfeiture of one hundred dollan ' for every such note. It provided for a repeal of I i section of an Act ratified December 16,1862, whiol ; prohibited one Bank from paying oat the bills oi I -.1 T> 1... * S? r? to minitnl. I UtUCi JJHU?0, QAVOpb iU OVbklVuiUUH. i? io ^vuwtM ly conceded that this prohibition should nevei have found a place in the Legislation of the State [ During the panic a large amount of bills acoumu i lated in some of the Banks. As no settlement! i were to be had, this accumulation was a dead lost . to the community as well as to the Banks wbiol i held these notes. The Bank of Charleston, wbicl . never suspended specie payment, but withal i very dangerous institution, having a capital ol i three millions one hundred and sixty thousand [ dollars, ($3,160,000) is capable, if so disposed, 01 . driving any Bank into liquidation?a pet too, 0! some of the fiercest opponents of the Countrj i Banks?for there are men in Charleston, who tbinl 1 there should be no Bank out of Charleston, sa*< i perhaps by special grace, one in Columbia. Th< i Bank of Charleston, having a large amount o . bills of other Banks assumed the responsibility i paid out these notes, and advertised the Legisla i ture of what she had done. It has been affirme< i of another Bank, a speoie paying Bank?one safi . beyond all controversy?instead of paying out thi w:i1? Aikait Dunlro flSvontlv itaVforl * thi U1II3 V/l W?uv? ^uuau .v???w?y, _ ?.1 i same thing indirectly. Her chief officer woul< make a special deposit, in the Branch', with th< ; express understanding that he was to check upon th< ! identical bills deposited; so that a customer apply i ing at his connter, was informed of course, "we ar ; not discounting; but I will take your note, and hav ? ing a special deposit in another Bank, will giv you a check there." This may hare been so, o it may not bare been so; certain it as, that th clause repealed, oould hare been evaded in thi t way.- ' Finally; the Act declared, that by the tert "bank note, shall be included all bills, checks i notes or other obligations of any bank, made paj 1 able on demand, &c. &c." ' s Such was the issue presented, and such the ac i tine had at the last session of the Legislature.1 No man can tell what it may bo at the next. 1 i may be that the Banks will hare abased the faro > of the Legislature, by deferring the resumption c r specie payments in order to make money by th suspension. It may be that the Bank of the Stat I may so increase its circulation as-to make her re > sumption impossible, and it may be for the othe ! Banks to resume without her, so as to dtsoredi i her bills, would be an unwise policy; and it ma; ; be that the Legislature may impose such duties oi I the Bank of the State by compelling her to advanc . money for the State, as will seriously cripple he ? in her efforts to resume. The carrying oat of th > reforms commenced, will derolre upon the nex i Legislature. - . . . . ?--i There are points for future discussion, and an somewhat different from the main question prtf s sented last fall, which was, whether thesuspendec . Banks should be relieved from the penalty imposec , upon them of five per| cent., per annum, on theii . circulation, and go into liquidation; and wbethei . the specie paying Banks should be permitted t< . pay out the bills of suspended Banks. , . I have never doubted the wisdom of suspensioi i under the circumstances, nor the propriety ol relieving the country by extending Legislative aid to the Banks. We find our country relieved be yonu mi 1I1U31 suuguiuc fipcuiiiiwu, turn yur piu(luce commanding remunerating prices. Iamsatis fied that our Legislature was wise?has saved most of oar mercantile houses from protest, and prevented many persons who nre m debt from being sold out. And farther, I am satisfied ifw< wonld take to' ourselves a tithe of the blame w< attach to the Banks, we would better subserve out own interests and the interests of our conntrj which we profeBs to love. I send you an extract from a letter from a venerable Senator at Washington, which I hope yon will publish in connexion with this, Perhaps, at a suitable moment, when yonr columns are notso crowded, I may ask you to publish Mr. Mexxinoeb's speech, the memorial of tbo Banks, %nd some other papers. All I ask at present is, tb%t you will publish the extract I send,,which embraces all that is said on the subject?and is copied verbatim et literatim. Coming from aman occupy ing the position that ho does?accnstoiped for j > larger portion of his life to investigate and weigl well matters coming under his review ; venerahl< i for years and noted for his love of country, I trust ' it will receive the favor, to which it is so well en i | titled. Your friend, W. Satubday, April 24, 1858. Washington, Dec. 21,1857. ' My Dear Sir: " * * * * .1 am glad to find the Legislature will adjourn, leaving -tin . Judiciary and the Usury Laws where they are. I do not think that the former can be put on bet ' ter footing, though it may need some additions tc i the number. The latter would put tbewhole peo| pie at the.mercy of the money lender. As to the 1 i Banks, you have done all that could be now done. ! I I am not of those who think the evils of the times 11 are to be ascribed to them alone. The great evil t ' arises from the spirit of the times fll over the I world. Men are not content now to get rich ae ! . formerly, by slow but' sure gains. A fortune it i to be made by speonlation on a grand scale in a j year, or by a single operation. This can only be ! done by credit, and the batiks have no doubt adI ed to the evil by lending their money to improvi! dent people. To expect them to withhold theii ' loans because the borrower is likely to ruin him' | self, or embark'in speculations and overtrading, is to oxpect what will never be done by money lend' ers. They look only to the security, and if thai be good, they enquire no further. "Lead us not into temptation" is a wise sayingconsidered prudentially merely?and I have always doubted the wisdom of tempting people, by bring ; ing the money lenders to their doors in the shajK > 1 of Banks. We have two many?that is the evil , and this may be corrected by Legislation." Gone to Give them Another Trial, i It is stated that Mr. Ten Broeck, the Napoleoi ? ; of the American Turf, sailed from New York foi f ' England on Tuesday last, for the purpose of test . ! ing the spged of the English horses, with his hitherto invincible Charleston. John Ball had bette " . look well to his laurels, and also to his purs< r strings, else Mr. Ten Brceck will pluck the oa< s and unloose the other, for we are satisfied tha with an open field and a fair contest, Charlestoi will be a match for the fleetest horse upon the En t gllsh turf. Through no great advocate for tb - r , sports of the turf, we nevertheless wish Mr. Ten ^ .Broeck may succeed beyond even his most sanguine expectations. We have the biggest rivers, 9 the largest railroads, the tallest mountains, the , bravest men, the prettiest women, the fattest ba3 biee, and we spe no good reason why we sboald not hare the fastest horses. , ., I? ? For the Vorkrille Enquirer. 5 % ? > " I, TO THE SONS OP TEMPKRAlfCl! IS YORK DISTRICT. . 'A convention of Delegates from the different Divisions in the District met, on the 20th ultimo, I ?La nimmaon r\f intr?rr?hqncri na ihn nsiaaifn 11 a# tui IUV putjivov v? VI 9 friendship and brotherly lore, and of consulting on the interests of Temperance. By appointment ' of this Convention, we address yon a few words r in reference to the oause. Cheering were the re1 ports which came np from the different Divisions of the prospeots and progress of titfnoble work, which for near the last two years has been perae^ ating like a health-giving stream our district, aod 9 cleansing it from the corrupting and blasting in1 flu'ences of intemperanoe. Tea, it i^as cheering, 1 because it told of a permanent good?an enduring blessing, which bad sprang from aW organisation 1 that the skeptical may deride, and the mlserabft 9 dopes of iniquity may well fear. Many who 1 once donbted, have at last arranged themselves under the banner of temperance, and hare im? ' pressed on their hearts, thoso bright magieal words?Lova, Poritt and Fidiutt. 8och is the potency of moral influence ,* snoh is the power of a wise and prudent public opinion, opsnly and fearlessly, yet oonrteonsly and earnestly expanse d. We cannot estimate too highly the scope of moral influence. It is a rill wbieh springs is the moantains, and steals nnobtrasively among the hills, until it spreads out ipto.a broad and majestic rivr er, and stretches away to the ooean withfuMeas ' success. We shall not attempt to impress" upon, your ! minds the baneful effects of internperaoM. It 9 would be an set of oonceited arrogance hi us to pioouiac tuav juu u?u cuiihou in uii TinUOBB warfare without an intelligent conviction of the Injurious influence of the wide-spread evil which we are pledged to combat. Ton have seen, and may daily see melancholy illustrations of the blighting effects of the drunkard's drink. Ton hare read, and may daily read in the newspapers of the day, terrible commentaries on this dreadful scourge.? The bloated victim, as be reels' lb besotted degradation, his wild blasphemy, the midnight carimsal, the impious Bachanalian rites, the gleaming dagger, dripping with human blood?these are the orators from whose terrible eloquence yon can learn the lessons of purity sod temperance. Bat, gentlemen, it is rather to yon as an association, connected together for the promotion of h'high and philanthropic purpose, that we would address ourselves. Itisby yoo, as the already enlightened advocates of a noble cause, we would be heard.? We have associated together for the pirpdae, not so'muoh of promoting our own welfhre?our own Individual reformation?as for the diffusion of those sentiments which wewdtooate. We hare an organisation as perfect, perhaps as human foresight "coold invent-forthe consummation of nek an aim; and what we propose, is to oontkfasr the t -V ... -1 ? 1U. 1 *' VUSUM/1CO IIHIJT w tuwirt our purpON SOU ipST OV 8 endeavors. We wield ft power for the promotion of good, so ^ n great and of such vitftllmportance, that we may well tremble at the responsibility resting upon as. We bare tome forth to battle against a foe victorious in a' "hundred fields, and whose brutality, cruelty"aud-truculence hare left a shadow on ma? 7 ny a widowed heart and orphaned home. Bat 1 shielded by the panoply of truth, against which, r as against "the foarfoid-risaged Four, distinct ^ with eyes," erery lance must toll powerless, we e most come off conquerors; or if we fiNl, we fail 6 from our own iLaetion and inglorious indolenoe.? We will toil because satisfied with partial success, r or deluded by the appearance of viofory, our 1 stealthy foe strikes when our weapons ire aban? doned, and our strong toWers left unguarded; for Q the history of the world establishes the toot that 0 in moral as in other revolutions; partial success is r often little better than defeat. 8 The sinfnl indulgence of the Israelites preser1 ved a remnant of the inhabitants of Canaan, contrary to the express iojnnetion of God; and that 9 remnant was'long a thorn in Israel's side, and threatened often to wrest the soepter from Judafa. 1 Despite her good kings, the "High Places" still I remained to call down the vengeance of Heaven, r until "the Lord oovered.the daughter of Zion with II a cloud in his anger, and oast down from Heaven } unto the earth, the beauty of Israel." So tow, from a compromise between the primitive toith of 1 the Apostles and the idols of Paganism, arose the ' proud and voiuptuous pageantry of Catholicism, 1 and the crushing terrors of the Inquisition. The lesson we would inculcate from these examples is, that truth cannot compound with error. ' > It behooves the "Sons," fighting under their "ban* | ner of light," to read wisely the history ef the 1 past?to watoh closely the crests of the present? and to reflect on the judications of the future.? 1 Remembering the; irresistible powea of trath and 1 acting upon the belief that, thejre is in man a moral sentiment, that wiiL when folly awakened, enable him to throw off the thraldom of the degrading rice of drunkenness, and toreeistthe fascinations of-the charmer, "charm be nerer so J V" m~ ** * * V ' wisely ;H it is as truthfully necessary that we be vigilant in improving every opportunity of dissent* ' inating the virtues of temperance, ?pd earnest in the advocacy of a cause fraught with so many ' beneficial results to the world. No-one has failed to observe the present prevailing religious sentiment. We deem It a happy ' omen that such is the case. We pray that the v ripple may widen and widen until it reaches either 1 shore of the vast son of humanity. Wherever 1 true piety exists, churches will rise on the rains ' of still-honse* and rotuil nhopi; and a pore and ' elevated religion, like the dews of heaven, will water into life and vernal beauty the Indigenous tree of Temperance. However much we may admire temperance as good per te, it is as the handmaid of religion that it possesses a peculiar attraction. -Purifying and elevating the man, it 1 prepares him in some measure for the divine implantations of religion-for the "beaotyof holiness." Let ua then look to the pervading religious senti' mpnt for a reacting influence in favor of Temper' "ance and its attendant blessings. Let us ask of the Ministers of the Gospel thronghout the land to 1 invoke the smiles of Heaven on the cause. Show us a sober, temperate community, in a land of , Ribles, and we will show you a religious and pious ) people. It is as impossible that religion exist 1 without temperance, as it is for the drunkard to . enter the kingdom of heaven. In conclusion, allow us to say, that from tht united testimony of your delegates, we are satis' fled that the past ovation has not been fruition. 'I 9 . I and we.have every reason to hope that the future will not withhold from as, successes as brilliant and splendid, if we will be but truu to ourselves^ i to the truth, and to the vital interests of human! ty. We urge upon you, therefore, to put forth, in ' the spirit of true religion and a noble philaiithxt* ' py> your best and most earnest endeavors, to difi fuse the principles of truth and the blessings of I temperance. i J, L. M. ADAMS, r '(- V Bethel Divuion. . W. C. BEATTY, ? York Divuion. | r ;JtVG. LAWRENCE, " * 5 Centre Divuion. ? e /. r;,W. P.THOMASSON, t v Rock-Hill Divuion. _ ; ? g0TThe says that Hon. JivrctsOH Da* e vis has MOtered from his reoent illness.