Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Scraps ? Jfacis. Common schools are rapidly increasing in North Carolina, and were attended last year by 120,000 scholars, against, 19,000 in 1840. Can't do without the woman. A Hoosier in Kansas has been making his fortune out of a woman's dres3. There being no women there the squatters gave him a dollar a sight, and pre-emption claim to put a pillow in it and give it a squeeze. Trenton, N. J., May 6. The Democratic State Convention assempled here today, and amid much enthusiasm, appointed delegates to the Cincinnati Convention.? They passed resolutions instructing their delegates to vote for Mr. Buchanan, and denouncing Know Nothingism as vicious i i rpi _l?? _ J A ana uegeueraie. j.uey aiov cluuiscu mc National Administration, and the principles of the Kansas-Nebraska act. The able London correspondent of the Toronto Globe, states that a report is quite current in England to the effect that the Queen has some thought of paying a visit, duriug the coining summer, to her loyal province of Canada. So far has the rumor gained ground that several of the Loudon newspapers are discussing the propriety of the step, and advisiug the Queen to make the journey, by all means. In a neighboring city a young member of the bar thought he would adopt a motto for himself; and after much reflection, wrote in large letters and pasted up against the wall the following: <Suum cinque,' which may be translated 'Let every one have his own.' A country client coming in expressed himself much gratifled with the maxim, but added, 'You don't spell it right.' 'Indeed ; then how ought it to be spelt V The visitor replied, 'Sue'em quick.' A biography of the Hon. J. L. Orr is " u> lished in the April number of the National Democratic Review, edited by George r* i mi i i __ _ !ii? | r. nuei. mis Diograpny is wnuen oy William H. Topping, the Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia Evening Arand is accompanied by an excellent likeness of Col. Orr, from a steel plate engraving. According to this biography, Mr. Orr would not be eligible to the office of Vice President, were he to obtain the nomination, until the 12th May, 1857, two months after the nomination. Advices from Vera Cruz state that Tamariz was still on board the French frigate Penelope, but was about to leave for the United States. Augustine Iturbide, son of the late Emperor, left Vera Cruz in the steamer Texas, in order to visit his mother in Philadelphia. The remains of Ex-President Arista were to be brought from Europe for iutermeut in his native soil. Attempts at revolution in Tobuca and Morelia had been crushed. General Uraga was to be banished to the island ox" Ceballors, in the Pacific. General Gadsden, our Minister, it was said, had made another treaty with Mexico. We learn by private advices from Washington that there is quite a stir there in relation to the present state of affairs in Nicaragua. The impression seems to be that >.' i< ? .. ' ? .1 successful, and sweep that country. A new minister has arrived, who is very quietly awaiting the course of events, and the probability is gaining ground that he will be recognized. The intercepted correspondence which shows complicity of England with the Costa Ricans is a strong feature iu the influences bearing on the ca3e, and likely to exert a marked effect iu the case. If the facts are as reported, we will soon have a fair understanding as to the points at issue between the two governments. We learn from the Tampa Peninsular of the 26th ultimo, that Mr. John Car ney, residing on the Alafiu, was murdered by the Indians on the 17th ultimo. Mr. C. was plowing in the field, when the savages cmuc upon him. It is supposed that he tied upon their approach, as his body was found in the woods about five hundred yards from the field, perforated with five balls.? A friend just from Fort Dynaud, informs us that the Indians are defying Major Arnold's command, day after day, to coine out and tight them, aud that Major Arnold deems it imprudent to venture an engagement with his inexperienced men, until reinforced.? The men are not wanting in ardor; it requiring stringent measures to prevent them Iroru exposing themselves to answer the taunts of the foe. The Shreveport Democrat, of Thursday last, says : "We have to record, this week, the death of probably the oldest mau iu Louisiana?the old black man Jim, usually known as Dr. Jim. He died on Saturday inorning, the 10th iustaut, aged one hundred and twenty-tbur years, three months and twenty-five days. He was born December 24, 1731. iu Fredericksburg, Ya., as the slave of ('apt. John Carter, who served as an otfieer during the Revolutionary war.? Jim was the body-servant of ('apt. John Carter, and others through the whole period of the Revolution, was *?* 11 acquainted with Hen. Washington and most of the other distinguished generals of the war, was at Yorktown and witnessed the last decisive struggle for independence. St. Louis, May 7. A correspondent from Lawrence in the Democrat says that Colonel Sumner had encamped opposite i a>i tlia o'lilt urifh 1*^(1 ilrunrnnnvi liiin ICUUC UU ??/*.?My mill ? w/ uiupvvu./. He addressed a letter on the -7th to Governor Kobinson, statins that the attack of Sheriff Jones had produced great excitement throughout the territory, as well as on the Missouri frontier. He urged on the people of Kansas the importance of ferretiug out and bringing the assassin to justice, lie says also that the offence had been reported in Washington, and whatever orders >hould be received thence they should be carried out to the letter. Governor Kobinson replied that the attempted assassination was unanimously coudemed bv the citizens of Lawrence, and if the guilty person could be found out, he should be given up. It had been the policy of the people of Lawrence to yield prompt obedience to the law? and officers ol the General Government. On the day oi the assault, the perpetrator of the deed was au enemy of the citizens of Lawrence no less than to the violated laws. Mr. Whitfield hud returned to Lawrence ou the 27th. Mr. Oliver had acted as his attorney before the Congressional Committee during his absence. There had been a meeting in Westport on the 2d, and resolutions had been passed denying the assertions of the Herald that military companies were being drilled there on the day that Jones had at' tempted to make the arrests in Lawrence. CljejforMf (JBnqnirev EDITED BY SAM'L W. MELTON JOHN L. MILLER YORKVILLE, S. C. THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 16,1866. COURTS OP EQUITY. At Spartanburg Monday, 2d June. " Union " 9th. " York ?? 16th..."... " Lancaster " 23d..."... " Chester " Gth July.. SONS OP TEMPERANCE. We are requested to publish the fact that the name of the "King's Mountain Division", Sons of Temperance, has been changed to that of "Mechanic's Division." Thesociety numbers about fifty members, and we are gratified to learn is rapidly progressing in the good work. The change of name has a meaning which speaks well for the good name of the mechanics in our town. "Long may it wave." PINE WORK. | We were shown a few days since an elegant j Saddle and Bridle, manufactured in the Saddle ] and Harness Shop of Miles Johnson & Co. They j are very neat specimens of superior workmanship. Mr. Johnson is a skillful and experienced workman, and watches closely the latest improvements in his department, and not unfrequently falls back on his mechanical geuius and strikes oul something entirely original, which adds greatly tc the value of his work. His material is selected | with great care, by himself, in the best markets, j Persons in need of any article in his line of bnsi* 1 1 11 x. l! .all ness WOUKI (10 wen 10 give uiui a vuu. FOR KANSAS. At the Kansas meeting held on Sales-day last, we learn that near Fourteen hundred dollars wert reported as the amount of contribution in York District in aid of Kansas. Out of eighteen applications for the benefit of the fund, the Society selected the following?seven of whom will tak? their departure on Tuesday next, the remaining three having been chosen as alternates:? Dr. Thomas Whitesides, Meek Whitesides, Joht Whitesides, Ross Bird, C. A. Connor, R. H. Mc Clain, Isaac D. Dunlap, Daniel J. Young, Robert P. White jr., J. C. McClain. Dr. Whitesides was chosen as the Agent of tlx Company, and will take charge and give bond foi proper expenditure of the funds. We shall have more to say on this subject, nexi week. GENERAL CAREY. This distinguished Temperance Lecturer, arri ved in our town on Thursday evening last and fa vored us with two lectures, just such as no othei than Gen. Carey can deliver. The large Hall ir the Female College, was set apart for this granr display in the great cause of temperance. A" a temperance lecturer Gen. Carey stand; pre-eminent. It is needless to attempt to giv< our readers any idea of his style of oratory. T( be appreciated, he must be heard. The eager ant attentive listeners with which the Hall was crowd ed, bending forward as if to catch every word thai came from his lips, gave pleasing proof that Ix commanded the sympathy of his audience. W< envy not the man with heart so callous as to sil unmoved from the effects of such a discourse, 01 an understanding so depraved as not to sanctior the great end to be attained. It was enough t< stremMhen nnd confirm the determination of even I e- .? t ? ,111 n M - ~ push on this great reform, destined sooner or later to change the face of the entire moral world. A subject discussed among others, was his favorite theme of prohibition. His argument in favor of this mode of redress for the evils of intemperance was as truthful as ingenious. Whethoi the means would be answerable to the end, it i> not our purpose to determiue. It matters little, whether we coincide with his views or not, if w< are unable t^ prove the fallacy of his reasoning, His conclusions are legitimately and logically deduced, and until we establish the fact that he ar gues from false premises they must hold good.? In fact the discourse throughout was deep,?solir and ingenious, with an occasional burst of elo qence overpowering and irresistible, sending f thrill of conviction to the hearts of all who heart it. It was a masterly and triumphant vindicatioi of a prohibitory law, overthrowing every possiblt objection that can be urged against it. The speak er contended that is the only clew by which w< can thread this mazy labyrinth of intemperance An enlightened public opinion is the motive power of this car of reform. Its majestic march car never be stayed until it ushers in the dawn of tha brighter day, when all men every where shal I burst the galling chains with which they are bound and the whole world rejoice in the cheering sun light of Temperance. I We regret that Gen. Carry's stay amongst u ! was so short, and earnestly hope that his missioi through the State will be attended with a meed o success commensurate with his zeal and fidelity in the cau?e he so ably and eloquently advocates MERE-MENTION. i A capital story, brimful of fun and good humor j will be found 011 the first page. We have a notioi ! to offer a year's subscription to the individual win j can read it without a hearty laugh. If we lost it j the winner would certainly die before the yea j would be out. Rend it. It would not be un ' profitable, too, to glance at an article, from tin ! Richmond ?//oio'/><\ entitled "Smith Carolina nn< , the Union." We cannot swallow it all, but w ' like the sugar that's in it. A serious alfrn; j occurred in Washington city, Thursday last, be tween several servants at Willurd's Hotel, am Hon. Mr. Herbert, member of Conerress from Cal ! iforma, in whi**li an Irishman named Thomas Koa j ting was .-hot by the former. The judicial proceed ! ings clearly show that the attack was made upoi < Mr. H., and that he acted in self-defence. Mr i Herbert is a native of Fairfield District, and, i we mistake not, is a brother-in-law of Mr. Boyce The Newberry Mirror says that Capt. Wa ' ters, whose name is mentioned with honor in th j accounts of the battle between Walker and th j Costa Ricans, is a native of Newberry District.! He was at Monterey with Gen. Taylor, and wa | wounded in the attack on that city. Col. Fry whose name is raeutioncd in the sauic account^ i? thought to be a brother-in-law of Capt. Waters Hon. Win. C. Dawson, a distinguished poli lieiau. of Georgia, died in Greensboro', last week ID.n. A. G. Magrath, of Charleston, ha been appointed to the M-at on the bench of th United States bi tiiot Court, vacated bj' the dent, of Judge Gllchvist Very general sympath for Walker and the Nicaragnans is beginning to b !, j exhibited in several ijiurtors of the country?Net , Orleans. New Vork, Washington vice. A puhli ' ! demonstration has been made in New York ; an 1 on Thursday last, '-!<) men left New Orleans undo j the command of Capt. Jacques, to join Walkei It will boa considerable fight, after all Ver I little doing in Congress now. Several extract 1 ; from the correspondence of the Charleston Cct'ii< ' 1 will be found in another column The ladic.> (God bless them !) are always foremost in a goo work. ' Ashley," the Charleston correspomlcti 1 of the Charlotte H'%, closes up a glowing des ! crrption of the meeting of the Grand Division n ' I'.ennettsville, hv giving anotlier instance of ii I thus r?At higlit the la<lie=""of the village and sui rounding country gave n festival at the Female Academy which was numerously attended. The Hall was beautifully and tastefully decorated, and a bountiful and sumptuous table was spread which groaned beneath the accumulated weight of the . good things of life. About five hundred persons partook of the festive entertainment, and speeches were made by Gen. Carey, Mr. Warren of Camden and Moses Alexander ofYorkvilie, all of which were listened to with the liveliest emotions of pleasure and satisfaction. Long will the social greetings and friendly interchange of sentiment of that night be remembered, at least by *ome I know of.!' The Bank of Wndesboro', N. C., has declared a dividend of six per cent for the last six months. The Democratic National Convention will meet in Cincinnati, on the first Monday in June , In the terrible riot, nt Panama, between American passengers and natives, thirty of the former were killed and forty wounded! It was an inhuman massacre, which calls for a retribu, tion as terrible The white population of South Carolina in 1850 was 274,563?a decimal increase of 5.97per cent. The slave population, at the same period, 284,984?increase 17.71 per cent. Free colored, 8,960?increase 8.26 percent. FROM F.l'ROPE. By the steamer Atlantic, we have Liverpool dates to April 30th. The official copy of the treaty, containing thirtyfour articles, had been published. The main points are these : All territories conquered or oc1 cupied during the war to be reciprocally surren! dered; Turkey to be admitted into the political ' system of Europe; the Sultan to grant equality ' to Christian subjects, but otherwise to be undis' turbed in the exercise of dominion ; the Dlack sen to be neutralized and the Danube to be open to ' free trrde; the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia to continue under the dominion of the Porte, with regularly organized governments; the territory of Turkey to be immediately evacuated [ by Austria and the allied armies. Other point? are of minor and local importance. The treaty, which, taken for all in all, is a singular triumph ol diplomacy, seems to have been well received in the Continent; but meets with quite a measured approval in England. The London Sun publish' ed it with ^mourning border round it; and othei jornals, though les9 violent, do not disguise the opinion that England has been miserably over^ reached. Parties there are in confusion ; the government is unsteady, and the indications nro manj that a political crisis, arising mainly from the r events looking to the treaty, and tending to the overthrow of the present ministry, is near at hand, t The debate has commenced in Parliament, taking the shape of a motion to pass a vote of censnre or the treaty. The discussion of Central American affairs pro. grosses slowly. The London Star states that oi - 23d the cabinet determined on making concession? r in the Ceutral American affair, but refused to rei call Mr. Crampton. The papers relating to th( I Central American difficulty were before Parliament, but no action had been taken thereon.? i Those relative to the enlistment question woulci > soon be ready. The matter created no excitement, > The Atlantic brought the first report of a de I cline in cotton, since the announcement of peace - Inferior qualities had fallen one-eighth ; while th< t middling and higher grades, though tending down ' ward, were not quotably lower. Sales of the foui i days, 27,000 bale?. t - ..??> EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE. i Americas Hotel, \ Columbia, Thursday, May 8th. f Along with my apology of an epi?tle sent yoi - ~fe' tlila wyefr'-. i^ne T enclosed yesterday mm-. ning, a bnel account oTtne second day's proceed' ings of the Convention. From it your reader.' will have gathered nil that is needful to be knowr in reference to the action of this body. In recurring to it I find but little remaining to he told, Although the Convention was composed of members taken without discrimination from the several parties which have at times divided our people, yet, meeting with a view specially to the healingup of past differences and the inuagnration of an era of polical harmony in the councils of the State, a spirit of concession and comparison wns to be observed throughout the entire course of proceeding I and was all the while attended by the most gratifying results. To some of the measures passed upon I could not give an unqualified assent : but tc j the main objects attained, to the spirit which animated and guided the action of the Convention, to the principles declared ns the voice of the Democratic party of the State, I thiuk every intelligent citizen will be prompt to yield, with us, a hearty approval. The gentlemen who have beer chosen to represent these facts to the Ciucinnat Convention are known to our people, and theii i names, suggesting the recollection of able and dis j j tinguished public services at borne and abroad, j will furnish to all ample assurances that the besi : interests?the honor and reputation of South Cu j rotina?will in their hands find a safe and emi ^ J nently reliable guardianship. ^ I cauuot think otherwise than that, looking at the eud and tlx ' means and men appointed for its accomplishment we must find in the action o! the Convention nr occasion for the most sincere congratulation.? ; Those of our people who still linger in the hope o: a perpetual Union, will hail it as an indication tlm , South Carolina is prepared to abide by her owi t decision, and will hereafter be active and energet 3 ic in the performance of all the duties which t membership in the conlcueracy demands ot t r j State: while those who nre looking from rathci . j than to the city of Washington, anxiously await (? ing the period when our sister States will be witl 1 us in heart and action, niu^t recognize the move e nient as the one best calculated to induce that ne r huil cooperation so entirely essential to the con . summation ?.f their only hope. ,1 It was plainly in acordnnee with the best judg . . inent of an overwhelming majority, to declare t . preference for Mr. Pikiiok, as the first choice o . | the Convention; but it is to be remnrked that tin i) feeling iu favor of Judge Doighs, as tiie filter .. j native, was equally pointed. The mention of hi: C , name was at any time sufficient to call out at .. ! enthusiastic demonstration of applause; and itidi . cations were many, though no such preference ha: e been announced in the resolutions, that the dlee P gates to Cincinnati could not better fulfill tliei: _ ; inu?ioii or more entirely meet the wishes of tin ?, : Convention, in the event of Mr. Pif.rck's failing to receive the nomination, than by advocating warmly and decidedly the claims of Judge Dovta i. las. All concede it to him that he lias fough - the battle thus far boldly, ably and successfully 1 and that lie can and will as bravely light it out.? s This partiality for Judge Dovglas was evei c .-trong enough in certain quarters to induce a meu h sure of opposition to the resolutions of the Com y | mittoe: ami upon tlu-ir presentation to tla- Con c volition, the Charleston delegation advocated ai v amendment leaving the choice of si csindidate en c tirely to the discretion of the delegates sent t d Cincinnati. From ull that we could gather, it ap r pea red that the Churle.-touians are somewba . fearful in view of the contest, and a/c appreben y sive that it will turn upon the personal merits c s the candidates rather than upon party principle r .Mr. I'lEKCK, it seems, i? not over popular iu th ', t^ueon City, and they desired, iu order to seeur d the success of their faction, to put the State iu it position from which she might be readily fasteuci * on to the lucky aspirant, whoever he may bc.it Their hopes and fears met with but little synipa t, thy froin the country, however. In fact, the conn - i try-is of opinion that it matters little whethe I Charleston shall vote for the Whig, the Know! Nothing or the Democratic ticket. The State ' will go right on "for a' that:" never for a moment turning aside because local factions are "tear; ing nut each other's eves" in the metropolis. The appointment of Messrs. Onn and Brooks | upon the delegation furnishes the only point wor' thy of serious objection. When these names | were reported, Mr. Thompson, a prominent and ' distinguished member of the Legislature from Abbeville, proposed an amendment substituting other names in their stead, and was warmly seconded in his efforts by Mr. Palmer and Col. Be.vtty. After a somewhat spirited debate, however, the amendment was laid on the table, and the report confirmed by the vote of a large majority. It was contended, and with eood reason, that the appoint ment of members of Congress to the Convention would, if carried out to its extent, in effect transfer the selection of a candidate to the House of Representatives or to a Congressional caucus?the very evil against which it is the purpose of the Cincinnati ' Convention to provide. Those who opposed the amendment gave no reason to combat this argument, save that the delegates from the Districts represented by these gentlemen had unanimously I chosen them, nnd the Convention was bound by | their action?a palpable absurdity! It is due to j Messrs. Orr and Brooks to say that the opposij tion to their appointment was purely upon princi{ pic ; and, such is the confidence with which they { are regarded, could we have foreseen that the acj tion of the Convention would not furnish a dangerous precedent for the future, this selection would have been made without a word of opposition. As it is, a rule, false in principle and dangerous in its operation, has been for a time estabj lishod, to constitute a subject for future discontent. I was somewhat surprised, Monday evening, to remark amongst the members of the Anderson delegation the presence of their leader, Col. Orr. Although coinciding with Col. Orr in this instance nt kin nnliov nnrl mnferlintr kin riaht trt (1 sent tf] ( " rv,,%v' -? o ? - -o? which, as a citizen, he had been regularly appoint' , ed, the fact of his presence did not fail to put some of us a little out of humor. The thought would suggest itself that, he was somewhat out ol his element, and that he would perhaps have dont as well by remaining at his post in Washington, and trusting to the good sense and patriotism ol the other members to direct the action of the Con' vention. But we all calmed down considerably next morning, when we listened to his address, ant were thereby entertained, instructed and strength ened in our course. It was one of Col. OiiR'f most effective efforts, suited admirably to the oc easion?touching upon every material point?vin ' dicating the policy of the Convention system ai the best method yet proposed?pointing out th< true measures at stake and the real parties at is sue?appealing powerfully in behalf of the Noith em democracy, Piebcf. and Douolas?and inspi ring every member with a renewed zeal for th< system in accordance |rith which the Conventior had taken its position. As this speech, along wit! Col. Pickens', will be published in the regulai proceedings, I shall not attempt to make an ab ' stract. The points will be stated in the Examintr ' of to-morrow, and, if not too long, you may sub join them at the close of this letter. And now, in conclusion, what has the Conven ' tiondone? It has simply indicated a dispositioi of a portion of the good people of the State t< manifest an active sympathy with the struggle: of the Democratic party of the Union in behal of the Constitution and the rights of the States j and a willingness to co-operate in council and ii action with other States identified with us in inter est and destiny, in sustaining and promoting thi patriotic aims of that party. Just before the ad ~ juuunaem ui me i.oii'vCanon, a resolution was pro posed by Mr. Town, of Barnwell, declaring tha the Convention did not seek to pledge the Stati and that the members thereof alone were bourn bv its action. The motion was nromntlv and al . most unanimously laid upon the table ; not, I taki , it, because the Convention sought or presumed t< have the right to pledge the State, but rather foi the reason that, in this day of common sense, sucl i a declaration was entirely uncalled-for and out o t place. The State cannot possibly be bound b; . any Convention; the Legislature even, a legall; , authorized body, does not presume to control it political career; and the people are certainly frci j to vote as they please, the magnates of the lan< ( to the contrary notwithstanding. The State o Massachusetts will send a delegation to the Cin cinuati Convention. But does that fact pledgi the State to vote for the Democratic nominee Every one kuows that she will do no such thing k The idea is simply absurd. If it suits the tempe , of the people of the State to vote for the nominei j of the Convention, they will be apt so to do, am p there's an end of it. I should say, perhaps, tha the people of the State not being permitted ti exercise a voice in such things, have nothing ti ^ do with the matter; the members of the Legisla ture, elected without pledges, will vote how, whet and for whom they think fit. But, though I meai to drop the subject, I do not desire just now, ii , its stead to take up the Elcctorinl question ; and shall, therefore, hurry away from it. i j I must regret that my stay in Columbia has beei . unavoidably prolonged so as to deprive me of th< f pleasure of hearing Gen. Carey, this evening, ii t Yorkville. I am bound sometimes to plead guilty i to the charge of giving rise to anticipations not ti . be realized, but in this instance I think the audito i ry will agree with me that the half has not beet i j told. lie is certainly one of the finest speakers r i have ever heard. Saturday evening last, I work - I ed my way through the dense crowd at the C'aro i 1 Union Hall, and received the full benefit of hi - j argument on tne renin wnory mw?u couioinnuoi - j of wit, humor, satire, pathos, lmrd logic and bum - i ing, breathing eloquence, sufficient to ovorwheln ! and annihilate every semblance of opposition o - j unbelief. I confess that I have never trusted it i i the efficacy of a Prohibitory Law in South Caro f ! Una, and I still ltnng on to a small measure o i doubt on the subject; hut it hinges entirely upoi - the question, whether the law is expedient?wheth s er it would be adequate to the working-out of sue! i j a great reform. Certinnly it would be, if the mora - i sense of every community would heartily suppor 9 j it; but " there's the rub." Hitherto, nearl; . j every battle in the cause of temperance has beei r j a defeat?not from the strength of its enemies e ' but beenuse of the timidity and defection of it j friends, the moral, Christian portion of the people r Run up the flag of Prohibition, nnd will not Chris - j tian men join the rabble and tear it down ? It' t a sad question ; but if we look to the paet, w , have a ready answer to it. ; A glance at thi? morning's E.SQriltKR, just a u hand, reminds mcthat, in the hurry of my depot i ture, I neglected to award a becoming meed c * praise to the charming Mny-partyat the College - and the clever address of our friend Gen. Ojsi n last Thursday evening. It was really a plensan - affair, and deserved better of me?especially thn n /-.r it n.1,,/,1. :#?,i tastefully an w 1-WI.I.M. VI .V ........ . A........... ..w ' exquisitely, the skilful hnndi-work of the matron t of Yorkvillc. I have uiiletl in the dismantling ( - many a table, set with the rarest good cheer; bo f none has been equal to that feast spread out at tli College. If Mr. Anderson had taken care to pr< e vide a (Jiiucn for the occasion, the party woul e have deserved unstinted praise, n The May Exhibition at the College will occup d the attention of belles and beaux and the litrra - generally, this and to morrow evenings. In som - 1 sort of capacity 1 shall l.e there, and will er.dravc i- j to give you a remembrance of it. Therefore, yo r I may expect to receive another scrawl. I American Hotel, Saturday, May 10. You may gather from the line just written, kind reader, that, despite both rhyme and reason, and j notwithstanding the solicitations ot' a not very keen sense of duty, I am still abiding in the city of Columbia, and partaking of the overflowing j hospitality of Mr. Bollinger's hotel. I never can j leave Columbia without the feeling that I have fori gotten something?forgotten, perhaps, to stay I longer; and I am under the vivid impression that I shall take departure, Mondaybnorning, in mnch the same sort of plight. When here, too, I go to work as if to an irksome task. In the sanctum, occupying the "easy chair,'" and bending over "the table," the duty of catering to your taste would seem to be a natural, if not an entirely pleasant one; but in Columbia, as lovely, verily, as a beau teous May-Queen decked out in the choicest garniture of Spring-time?where shaded walks, magnificent gardens and stately mansions seem merely to furnish a back-ground for a moving, living, nature-pencillctl panorama of beauty and fashion and elegance?when one may in an hour gather around, in delightful companionship, a genial circle of time-honored friends such as a King upon a throne might he pleased to own?when, in fine, all things, animate and inanimate, mingle together and conspire to charm and spirit one away "from labor to refreshment,"?to do even a meagre portion of one's duty is, of a truth, a thing of self-denial. Hut the sooner I tell what I have to tell, the sooner I shall get out into the street again. The Exhibition at the College, last evening and Thursday evening, did not attnet as large an attendance as usual. The hall of the new chapel is miserably constructed, and adapted to any other than the purposes for which it was designed. I could not hear the speeches. Perhap9 my enjoyment was the better for it; inasmuch asthecharmi ing companionship with which my good Genius i favored me, was far more delightful than any such souvenirs of forgotton love could possibly be. The i spectres which young students dig up out of the > ruins of Greece and Rome are doubtless very interesting (at least I ouce thought so;) but not t quite so charming as are the actual presence, the t sparkling eye nnd the impersonation of living, anif mated Beauty, alongside which one sometimes hap! pens to win a place. But if you have never been , there, reader, you can know nothing about it, and f I'may as well "proceed." The addresses delivered Friday evening were by I* ca?!nn(nn i,f Afnrlhnrn' <in TIia Tnflnenop nf I First Thoughts: J. C. Winsmith, of Spartanburg ?Thoughts on Liberty; G. E. Coit, of Cheraw? i The Charm of Victory; G. N. Lieber, of Colum. bia?The March of Civilization; J. B. Lyle, of York?Was Napoleon a Dictator ? I made my 5 way to the rostrum, and heard the two last men? tioned, both of which struck me as being unusu ally good?somewhntabovotbe average. Ourfriend, . Lyle, acquitted himself handsomely, and certain ly did credit to York. According to my notion ; there was not a word of truth in his speech ; and i I could not help thinking, while he spoke, that he i had been as indiscreet in reading Abbott's stupid p flattery of Napoleon, as one would be to trust the - equally erroneous notions of Walter Scott. But , for all that, the speech was very cleverly written, and delivered in a clear, forcible, impressive style, which promises hereafter to win for our friend a good place in the public esteem. Friday evening, i Mr. W. II. Whitner, of Anderson, made a capital > speech on a capital subject?" The Funeral Bani qnet of the Girondists;" and Mr. Fairlee, of Maf rion, did well in discussing the proposition that ; Government is founded in the moral nature of man. j The other addresses were by L. B. Hallinquist, - of Barnwell?"The Popular Man;" R. M. Taft, s of Charleston?"The Use and Abuse of Satire;" . J. E. Way, of Liberty County, Georgia?"The . Skeptical Era in Modern History " and T. A. t Middlcton, of Georgetown?"Action, the Felicity t of the Soul." J The Board of Trustees has held several meetings . during the week, and, after some degree of delii hcration and council, have taken action in referj ence to the affairs of the College. The following r paragraphs taken from the papers of the city will i fully explain the policy which they have concludf ed to adopt:? 7 "The Committee to whom was referred the ref port of the President of the College, with the accompanying documents, respectfully Report, " That they have given due consideration to ? the same, and take occasion to express their unan1 imous approbation of its temper and frankness, f and their high estimate of the ability with which it is written. Several members of the Committee were in Columbia during tue exciting period 01 p which it gives the history, and now bear wit? ness to the correctness of the detail: and the whole Committee are satisfied that under very trying circumstances, the President lias been faithful and r zealous in the discharge of his duties, and is ene titled to the confidence of the Board." j The Professorship formerly held by Professor Reynolds has been divided, part of the duties be* ing assigned to Professor Laborde and part to ? Professor Reynolds, in addition to the chair of a Sacred Literature and the Chaplaincy held by the latter. In lieu of this professorship a separate professorship of Natural and Mechanical Philoso1 phy has been instituted, and Professor J. LeConte i unanimously elected to it. The following is the 3 new arrangement: 1. The Professorship of Mathematics and ' Astronomy is retained, and assigned to the President. 2. To the Professorship of Mental Philosophy, 1 Logic and Physiology, held by Professor Laborde, e Rhetoric and the Inspection of Compositions have i been added. ? M. The Professorship of Sacred Literature and Moral Philosophy, together with Elocution and 0 Criticism, is assigned to Prof. J. L. Reynolds. The Professorship of Natural and Mechanical ,1 Philosophy is given to Prof. LeConte, who is to , discharge the duties also of Professor Brumby's department of Chemistry, Geology and Mineralo" gy, while he is unable to attend to its duties.? - The other Professors remain as before. ? Professor Rivers was unanimously confirmed in the Professorship of Greek Literature, to which he 1 liad lieen appointed at the extra meeting of the * Board. i T am very glad to note the fact that the Board i* lias so decidedly and firmly approved of the adi ministration of President McOny. It may be true, - as has been urged, that Mr. McCay lacks somef thing of that stern decission and force of characi ter which befit the President of the College; per* haps his amiability of character is a fault; but il is equally true that there is not in the State a mor< 1 accomplished scholar, a more finished, high-toned t gentleman, or a more diligent, conscientious teachF er. Heretofore he has worked under the burder i of a bitter persecution, and has been called upor to combat prejudices and overcome difficulties s which might nppul the stout heart and clear beat ' of an}' man ; now, we have an abiding hope thai - he will he left alone, permitted to exercise the rev j sponsible duties of his station without intrrvnede j dling, and. if po^-ible, allowed to vindicate th< ' wisdom of that marked prepossession which placet t | hi in over the College. I am glad to learn thai - i the larger portion of the students have betaker ,f | themselves ngnin diligently and quietly to theii | studies; and 1 think we may, for the future, pre , i diet for the College a period of repose, of prosperiit i ty, and of a still more enlarged usefulness. it i II) Other lTSptilf lllo anion til IU?" nuaru i> no el ' sucli, I think, as to command the approval of tlx IP friends of the College: and serves no better pur >f pose than to convince us that the members of thai it body are showing themselves unequal to the duty e J which the well-being of the Ctdlege demands 01 i- | them. Instead of setting fearlessly to work am d ; ridding the institution of its heavy weights, tliey i have made confusion worse confounded. 1 donni y mean to say that they have committed nil error it ti i retaining permanently the services of Professor! e : LcConte and Rivers. These gentlemen have al ir i ready won good names and are valuable ncqtiisi u I tions '.o the College; the former especially, witl ' the aid of an entirely irresistible coadjutor, ha1 I *i i taken the Faculty, students and, for a wonder, the entire town, by stoim. But I still adhere to the opinion that the interests of the College required it of the Board to up-turn, remodel and thoroughly reorganize the entire concern, from Alpha to Omega. Until this duty is performed, the work for the College will certainly remain unfinished. In perambulating the town, I have not failed to ! call at the office of the Southern Agrkulturut, end consume a pleasant hour with the clever editor, Col. St'MMER. He is entirely absorbed in the | work of the Agricultural Society, and indulges ! enthusiastic anticipations of the success of bis efforts. From all that I can learn, his hopes are not badly placed. With a muniffcent liberality, the town of Columbia has donated to the Society a large lot, containing about fifty acres, in the vicinity of the Arsenal, and Council has already let out the contracts for the several buildings required for the purposes of the Aunual Exhibitions.? The main building, of wood, 100 by 50 feet in size, is designed for the exhibition of the finer faj brics, paintings, statuary, articles of taste and virtu, and the thousand and one elegant specimens 1 of handiwork which the ladies of Carolina are ex! pected to contribute; and it will be furnished with galleries, saloons and reception rooms for their especial accommodation. In addition, there will be two side-buildings, 75 by 40 feet, for the exhibition of field crops, implements, machinery, domestic manufactures in wood, leather, &c ; a business office at the entrance; and in the rear a number of frame buildings and stalls for the convenience of stock exhibitors. These edifices, designed by Messrs. Walker and Johnson, will be completed in elegant style, and will he real ornaments to the city, to the munificence of which the Society is so greatly indebted. The Society has still in the Treasury the large fund appropriated by the State, and has at command all the means requisite to make their approaching Fair a magnificent display of the skill, {industry and taste of eur people. If I am not wofully mistaken, it will be worth the journey to Columbia to see it. The first number of the Agriculturist is just out. It is printed in fine style at the Carolinian office, and is altogether an admirable production. The manner of the work is unique. It is not like any other Agricultural journal, and is, I think, the better for it. The articles, mostly original, are all good; three of them, "the Culture of Short-Staple Cotton" by the Editor?"the Function of Salt in Agriculture" by Prof. Leconte? and an excellent selection on Overseers, are worthy of especial mentiou. The subscription price of the Ayrienituriat is only one dollar: so that none of your readers can possibly find an excuse for withholding their patronage. It is really worth five times that amount of money. I have managed to gather up many an item which ought to have a mention : but my letter is already long enough, and I must bring it to a close. Yours, s. w. M. For the Yorkville Enquirer. 0 urbem rrnahm et cito perituram *i emptor fin in t<rnerit! '0 city ! set to sale, whose destruction Is at hand if it find a purchaser." Ji:oortha. The above prophecy was uttered by Juoitbtha, on the morning he quitted Rome to go into exile, while looking back from a height which borders the Campngna, and gazing for the last time upon the domes and spires of the "Eternal City," as they receded from his sight forever. The prophecy was soon afterwards accomplished in the person ol Sylla, and again in Caesar; and about thirteen years afterwards, the battle of Actium struck down the liberties and the Republic to rise no more. It is a remarkable fact in the world's history, u.*i )*n?ga*ii4no ttJH not pront ny lessons taught by the dead. The people of the United States have fully entered upon their career; yet^ if a thousand Missionaries were to traverse the land from the one end to the other, for ages, and, like the inspired Israelite upon the walls of Jerusalem, proclaim to the people the fatal errors by whicl other nations have lost their liberties, tbewarninj would be unheeded. How exceedingly shortsighted is man! lie knows only the present, and the warning voice of the past in vain points him to the dangers of the future. The fact is familiar to us all, and admitted by all, that the governments of the Union are based * upon free suffrage. Upon this fundamental right, all self-government, all civil liberty depend. If, then, this great right be not exercised with wisdom and with the sole view to the public good, every safeguard of the public liberty is at once destroyed ; and looking over the scene of mournful ruin, the patriot may well exclaim with Juocbtha: " 0 Republic, set to sale, whose destruction is at hand, if it find a purchaser." Rome found a purchaser and fell: and who so blind as not to know that one can be found for the Republic of America, also ? The ways of Providence are indeed inscrutable; but an observer with half an eye can see, that the abuse of the right of suffrage is the rock upon which this Republic will split and be lost forever ; and thus, the very element to which we looked for political salvation at the beginning, will prove our destruction in the end. The people of South Carolina are just now entering upon a canvass for Representatives to tht State Legislature and to Congress. They have often passed through the same ordeal, and, as i the past has been, so we are warranted in believing the future will be; unless there is enough of courage and public virtue amongst us to sternly rebuke the incipient approaches of public corruption, and drive it howling back to its den. We arc to suppose that during the approaching canvass, Whiskey will erect an altar upon the hustings ; that Candidate* will be the officiating minis, ters, and that, at the foot of that altar, many zealous votaries, inspired by the incense of the I exhilirating "buck-eye," will bow their faces to . the earth. Upon the same principle that prompts the Hindoo worshipper to mutilate the flesh?that - he may prove liis devotion to his idol?a harvest of black eyes and bloody noses will, of course, be reaped. To these ceremonials will be added, in t due time, long Sessions dockets, Court costs?Jail ; fees?nud increased taxes, levied upon the prop1 i erty of the sober portion of the people to pay the j insolvent costs due to Magistrates and Constables; i 1 all because of the boisterous worship brought ai j bout by the candidates and their whiskey. The ' 1 1 ? 1 WAII nrnntlp rPft. i i tncrenseu taxes reien i-u n>, m?i n. b ? I | der, are first levied upon the people to pay tlit [ ; costs of these "Irish weddingspaid into the . j public treasury by the Tax-Collectors; and thci I voted out of it again by the successful candidates, ) j brought home and distributed to the claimants as 1 j their proper fees for suppressing these affrays anc t! indicting the offenders. Thus candidates virtu i j ally levy upon the property of the country, to se :1 cure their election to the Legislature. . j Are the people, in sober seriousness, content t< I be thus taxed by the candidates, and their poteni "bald-face?" Is this the free suffrage on whicl t the public liberty depends ? Is not this finding s 1: purchaser for the republic?and, besides, receiving I payment in North Carolina Whiskey, measurer L | out by the quart? Does not public justice de J mand, and common sense see and acknowledge it, f i that the candidate who thus debauches the public I I morals, and by the distribution of whiskey produ r I ces every sort of brooches of the peace, ana cont j sequently all manner of prosecutions in the Courts 1! to secure his election to the Legislature, should b< * j held responsible for the pajmenf of the costs?? -1 What right has he, by implication, to levy tlies< -! costs upon the property of innocent people, win i neither drink his whiskey nor share the honor) 51 and triumphs of the it occasions? I< ' the man who resorts to such means to secure his | election, fit to he the representative of a free peoI pie? ; Now, the candidate who resorts to such means . to obtain votes, assumes, in effect, first, what I | do not believe to be true, that the moral portion of the community is in the minority; and, in the * second place, what I do admit to be true, that in i the majority of cases the stock of merit is too i small a capital to rely upon for success, and that, j to secure a waiver of the whole question of merit 1 and qualification, the only hope is to resort to whiskey. This being so, even charity cannot object to the candidate being tried and condemned upon his own confession, as utterly unfit for the high duties of a legislator. If the moral and responsible portion of the public do not promptly abate this nuisance, they will stand condemned before the tribunal of Conscience, as }>articep* crimini*. The great right of self government demands of the people something more than mere negative duties. It is their duty. as a moral and (Jnnstian people, to step boldly forward and arrest this degrading abuse of the right of suffrage. The process by which it can be arrested is easy, and it should be applied without stint or delay, whenever an occasion offers.? All are acquainted with the fact that, as a rule, our candidates select themselves, and the people select their representatives out of the list of these self-selected few. If, then, these self-chosen men adopt a course of electioneering which debauches the public morals, leads to violations of the public peace, and degrades the great right of freesnffrage, the duty of the people is plain. Let public meetings be called, and candidates nominated who will pursue a course more honorable to themselves and the country. Try this specific just one time, ye who love public order, good morals and good government, and if it does not effect a cure, I will pay the State costs of the next canvass myself; for, well I know that those who appeal to the North Carolina "buck-eye" are a type of political aspirants so timid that, like crows in a corn-field, they will retire from the canvass, if the people will only post up half-a-dozen pitchforks before the Court-House door, bang an old coat and hat upon each, and seal upon the said coats labels with the word "Candidate" written thereon. JUVENAL. for toe lorKvnie inquirer. MINERAL RESOURCES OF YORK. Messrs. Editors:?As you have expressed a de5 sire for further communications respecting the | progress of the mineralogical and geological sur, vey of York District, I take*pleasure in informing | you of some facts relative to that portion, so rich ! in various minerals, which extends between the ranges of King's Mountain and Whitaker's Mountain. This wedge-shaped belt, which widens towards the South-West, is, perhaps, the most interesting i portion of the State to the miner and to all engaj ged in those pursuits, which depend upon the | practical application of the sciences of geology land mineralogy. It extends from the highest peak of King's Mountain, into Spartanburg District, and contains the different limestone belts, the iron-beds, manganese, gold, lead and copper vcin9, and, and the itacolumite or flexible quartx rock, which, only in Spartanburg, exhibits its greatest degree of elasticity. It is this rock which Humboldt regards as the true mother-rock of the diamond, and it is singulartbdeed, that this mineral has never yet been found in connection with it in our State. The limestone belts, of which there are two prominent ones, really belong to the same original bed, and have been separated only by the parallel folds, characteristic of all the ridges connected with | the Alleghanian chain, and by subsequent denudation, a bed ot talco-argill&ceous slate, suitable for I roofing purposes, occuring between. These belta , may be traced from the North Carolina liae to Limestone Springs, and are everywhere perceived ( to be in connection with the ifacofamtle, the main bo dy of which underlies them, while frequent inter' stratifications of talcose slate occur in both. I am I indebted to Thomas P. Black, Esq., for being able to point out a third, North-Western bed of limestone, 12 feet in diameter, which is exposed on the , South-Eastern point of Whitaker's Mountain, and which has not hitherto been worked, and has, indeed, been known to one or two individuals only. It is of a coarse but good quality, and resembles the limestones of Spartanburg. Of the iron-ores, magnetic, specular and red hydrated peroxide, it will scarcely be necessary to say much here, as they have been sufficiently tried to prove their excellence. The gold has not been worked much in this belt except at Briggs' mine in North Carolina, though auriferous quartz is seen at various points on the East side of this mineral belt, and almost all the streams contain some gold in their sands and gravels, especially in little "pockets" or depressions in their rocky bed, where the consequent gyratory motion of the water has caused . the heavy metal to separate more completely from ( the sand and gravel. The famous Morgan lead I and copper mine in Spartanburg, (about to be purchased by an English Company) is on a continuation of these veins, so that these two valuable ? metals must also be added to the list of the economic minerals of this belt, especially as I have found ! both at the other extreme in Briggs' gold mine, North Carolina. I have also latterly found cop? per pyrites in veins which had been sunk upon for . gold on the waters of Wolf Creek in this district, where it was first discovered by Count Podezaski. Whetstones of a superior quality, a silicious talcose slate, of a very fine grain occur on Mr. Caveny's land, where also other talcose slates are quarried for tombstones. Kaolin is found connected with the iron-beds of Whitaker's Mountain, known as the Hardin bank, and we might also add to the list, asbestus, mesotgpe, talc, turmaline, gar! nets and heavg-spar, the latter sometimes oceuring in hpds or veins two feet in diameter. I have taken the necessary measures to have an , accurate geodetical survey of this region^made. I am, gentlemen, most respectfully yours, 0. M. L. Camp, May 185C. Washington Correspondence. Washington, May 4. The session promises to be one of unusual length. i There is scarcely any reason to doubt that it will run into September, unlese the yellow fever should resume its northern march. The rumors that Nor! folk is beginning to be sickly, or that there is aps prehensions of sickness there, have been dissipa, ted, but there is great reason to apprehend that it may strike in some other spot, and near enough to ' Washington to create alarm; but this will be as ' safe a place of residence as any other along the [ | Altnntic coast. Medical men are divided in opit^. i ion as to the travelling character of the disorder ; | but unusal efforts have been made in some of our " i cities to avoid the impending danger by sanitary ! regulations and precautions. There have been al> | ready cases of yellow fever at the Quarantine j ground, near New York, audi notice that precau' j tions have been taken against unnecessary commui ' nication with the Marine Hospital, t The debate upon the subject of the Naval Retirr j ing Board is not likely to come to a close, except ' with the end of the session. It is said to be asI 1 AA?fninni] llmt tlio Qonnta Kw o email mniAMti. Ia . in favor of confirming the list of promotions and I of passing the bill reported by the Committee on [ j Naval Affairs. But the opposition to this mode 1 of disposing of the matter is sufficiently powerful ' j to prevent its consummation. The speeches for and against the Navy Board during the past week have been marked with much ability and eloquence. The government has determinod to send an a5 gent to Panama to inquire into the causes of the - late murders committed there upon American pas? sengers. The government have no official advices on the subject. It may have been a casual affray, or it may have arisen from a deeply seated enmity ' ou the part of the natives, to the citizens of the s United States. But it has already suggested the