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Dbetortes & Williams, Propiietors.] A Family Paper, Devoted to Science, Art, I ulry, Industry and Literature. [Terms---$300 per Annum, In Advanc. VOL. VI.] WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNE AY MORNING, MAY 10,1871, [NO; 47 The Lost Arts. f A LxCTURE. BY WENDELL PHILLIPS: I Before proceeding to speak of some of the lost arts, it Is fair to make one 9 exception to the chaige of self-con- t ,ceit, which is this : There is one large department of intellectual life C in regard to which it does not fairly lie-I mean all that we call the flue arts, with a little broader neaning even than cotjmion. Take poetry, painting, sculpture, fiction, the drawn, the novel -everything that relates to C beauty, either in thought or in form I -in reg.ard to that whole lepartment of intellectual life, I think there is a t 'Perfect readiness to acknowledge that ( we are second-rate, that we arc only c gleaners in a field where a heavy har bat has been reaped. We sit down contentedly at the feet of the earlier I ages. You see the confession of this inferiority in the very phrases we use. For initance, the paiuter goes to Ita- t iy. What for I To study the mas. f ters ; but the masters have been in thei: graves three hundred years. Tol'i a 'poet, "My dear sir, that lite I 'bf yours retuinds me of Ilumer," atid f he is crazy. I remember once stand. t ing in frout of a bit of marble earved I y Py*e'rsftr Vermnont tculptor, ;n T I aid 'to an Italian, with mc, That I strikes inm as p'or ect." "Perfect !" : F6id he, with a contem.pi uou I shrug, ''why, that reminds one lof Puidias ;"I as if to remind yiu - 'f 0he old Greek were not a an infilnitely gr'ent'e Ilo',plimkelu t 0h1n i to be perfect ! Now, the very phrafe c is an ucknowledgment. of iiferiority ; 1 and you see the saic t-icit admnismion r in the niount we b6row. Shauklpearn 1 has left us somd16 thirty plays. I re- C gard to more than t*'-thirds 6f them % Bhakspeare does not stoo to invent the ( stories upon which th6y Ar6 funded. I These stories oame reAdy-made to his hand from the Italian tuovelista, t who had borroted thith rrom the I East. Cinderilla atnd her slipper is i 'dlder than all history ; ndbody knows where that story began. Bulwer ha i borrowed the finest inid6nti of hi. I -*fltsticeisfuI nodl front tile Roimans I a thousand years old; Inhdeed, Dun. ( lop, who hai written the history of novels, ends his bdok with tiis state- I ment: "In all the literatdrb 'r Western Europe there are only thteo I hund'red distingusi.bl6 stoiius, and I of these three hundred nearly two I hundred and fifty are older than i Christianity, and way bb tfad t' Asia." Indeed, ladies and gen'lemen, if this were my saIject, (which is not), I I could stop a bit and tell you that even our newspaper jokeds tre euy oi Log a very respectable old agc. Take as common a book as Maria Edgeworth's on Irish bulls, and the laughable mistakes Itttlihuted to Irish P-asanti. It is stated, a m an is wri-. tii a letter in a publie house. Ie ends it thus : "My dear friend, I would write you mure cOnufdeltlip; tut there is an imuptideut fellow look ing over my shoulder and reading very word I write." "You liei I haven't read a word you have writ. ten," was the comment of tb'd ifetooted epy. This is puit down at ant rish bull. It is only two hdddcied an'a fifty years older than the New Tostiment. T here is another, that Horace Wal Sole considered better still, of the rishman who said, "I dd ? vdr9 handsome baby, anid I should Siave been a very handsome man, but they dhanged me in then cradtA:" WVall, that is borrowed fom- uixote, the great Spanish novel of Cervantes; who took it froma the Greek, who stoi'e it from en Asiatio idrio' away back of him. Why; all these Irish bullA are Greek.- TPdke, the Irishman who oarried around a brick; as N lipeelmen of-the house lhe had to sell. Take the Irishman who shu as his dyds be.. fore a glans, to see '6ow ho would look when he wan dead ; or the Irish man who bought a om'oW, bdcauseo ho had heard that crows lived two' huin dred years, and be meant to t'est it ;. or the Irishmnan that net a friend,and said, "Why, I hoard you'eie ded 1" 4-Well, [ suppose yosu see I pm trot,' said the friend. "I dont a iid said he, 'I would believe the rMan'whoI told we quioker than I would you I [Laiughter.) W~ell, all theie d71o Greek, veyone of them tra'eealiWj o Atheins. Trhere is one story, thidh hGeorge W eemhingoum Is said one tm have told, of a ,enau who went into aen Inn and oioed for a glars or drink. The lanedlord gusheed forward a' very Amall wine..glass, ind ase he prooe'eded' to rni it, resbarked : "That glada is' forty years old." 'W ell," said the discontented purchaser, as he glanced at it, "it is the stuallest thing of it. ago that I think I ever saw." That story was told of a woman, In the streets of 4thenu, three tndteda id seventy years before Christ was born. If It wtr'a at all worth- while, I think Semield show 300 to 'night that Moth or Gose's vretodies,, and Joe Miller's jest book, instead of being three hitta dred years old, as we generally asiserb, - are, half-o eho, mnuoh nearer- three thousand, and that you lanSb balf the time at wit whleh' bals aerved its pur'. pose at least once before, for genera. wo thou.sand gir*'s. But it Ii not ou repeated thoughi ihat I was going to addroi you to. igh t' b*4t Wh'Yrd th odth ,'on,eve ry. lay arts that minister to what we caI laily comfort., and upon our progress Yhat we Yankoes especially pride our elves. Well, every seholar knows hat scattered up and down ancient kistory are many curious statements if marvellous things done by old hemists and meoeanices. Two hun red years ago, before sotenee got on 1o its feet, our predecessers, unable ither to do these things or to explAin ,w they were done, bad a ready way if getting out of the difflulty. They out a note at the bottom of the page, n which they said : "LHere the au hor lies." It was a very cfnvenient soape. It proeeded, ynu pereive, n this idea: I know everything that nybody ever knew, and whoever un lertakes to know anything I don't :now, lies. Well, that is hardli tom non sense, certainly not criticison. In what I am going to say to y ou o night, borrowed, the whole of it, r.m the best authorities, I shall not Ilow that you have any right to loubt In I, a AOly on the gCound that ht istateitient strikes y.>u as wonder uil ; for I waintaiu tho wlhc.i, in our Id books, whose authors show good enoe ui.d love of trm bt, and capacity f iuvestig ation, you Bud ton storica, ine of them credttibl and natural, nd the tenth niavellous, you have ., gight to thniw that tenth story udt f the w indo V instantly. Commonseunse Ad philosophy tedl you that you hould pause and see whether the dvancmig scieceo of the ago n-iy not uable you to explAui it, because it is wul dei ful fact, noticeable, at 1 ay rte, that, all the old writiags that ve rejected ounteimiptuously two hun red years ago, are taking their placs bgtin as reliable. letodotuis, the ild Greek who wrote history four kundred years before Christ, earned heu the name of the Father of His ory.; he was christened over again he Father of Lies, because the nar ow science and superficial knowledge >f the day found about every third >age f th'e did Greek utterly unintel. igib!d. But every invention we lave made, niid overy gcographical fiscovery we have aunde, confirms and ixplains the old Greek, and to-day he i nsgone up ,ngain.and resuined his ild nadild. "Now, I countend that our ianafatlhers had no right to fling -erodotus under their heel, until ,hey hid absolutely demonttrated, not flarely con1 eetetred wlit he stated ras loo marvello'ls to be true. And Is thele is a tery large amount Uf itertulre up.on this sbihject, and one night 160ture upon it a week instead if an hdur, I shall confime what I inve tW say td two of- three distinot oilts id the drat elrde t to wiOh shall kerer, shall b6 rhe material Aibich ri ad n'any forms ninisters to daily comfort as in do. nestio grensil and wf ddw glai.,, ind ispedi y lb the unmroseopo or teles iope enlarged th boiudsi of ecience io much. Did the ancients know any. hing about glass ? Well, this curious nateroaIta orde of the' r'adieet flus rations of ttiat self conotct tn hnich I have tiefdrred. WVhenm you go :o Naples thoy will show you a volume ibout as large as a eio' diotion try, written by a loarn ed Neapolitan, the purpose of which is to show th'at he ancents had tio glss and (hE isorthy sddl profea Ifo his lUn satia raction ; but the very spring that his book was printed, the peasants wilDo were digging in the noighboring EfyI 3f Pompeii (buried, you recolleot, 4eenteen hundred years ago uder the ashes of Vessniina) ,b'oke into a room full of glasses. P had ground glass affd p)Min flassanil eut.t winded an~d blown anai el66M giqs-eie' variety. . It wadd a glass-ms or's ahop and the lie iind the refutation e~ne ato faiec. t wyas liko tir. Lard ner's book whibh he Fiinted in lian don lb 1836 aild deo'ac that a steamiboat coul'd oy no' possibility dross the Atlantic. They brought it in the flrt steamer that camne ovenr. (Langhter.) Instead, howevor of not knowing anaything about glass, this curious material is the Gibraltar of the lo~t afts for it Isa utterly indis put able, an ad limao% a'n' u:ii ititable and almaost an, unadisputed fact, that the chemistry of the ancients wrought wl't'if @1i manterial as we hbge never beerniable to do0 since. TIle flest two staitenments t at I offer yod'are bor rowed ointirerfy firm records; after that I shall mainiy rely ott- works; not records. LITRnATURE. You-ktiow we got our firsb f4e'is'dt Chinese liistory from the Jesurits. 'bey wrdeo the Eirst to break into Ohina ahd lb lettere homne to the so erlo 6f tie order transated within inoty yo'ars lt1o French, we have the first lupdSof .Chinese art. They say i mat th'd& .dhin bse showed ?hl'm tudabters of glan with tise durieus quallty-'-empty, they resembled our tumbleri dtly' ; All them up with a li o~Idseemed to bep watef but w~e'lo' ~~ tioe manuufaoturoa ba the"O *Wi nd 4hed the vesel Was full tid l4ed'thr'oughjit -appealed td be full pt fihes. Turn but this ape narertm~tnat~~m tha 6bae na gue; replace it, and there they are. The Ch'nese acknovladged they did not -ae it. They brought it home from some foreign conquest. A i d that it, not singular in Chiaese history ; for Lhe celebrated astronomical glasses of he Chinese of which we us'd to e atd . unidhool dati were not ma-ie by them showing that'they stole them, and did not make them. The second story is Roman. It was in the reign of Tiberias who waS contemporary with St. Paul. A nuished Roman claimed his pardon because he brbught. tg .the Emperor a g, eat curiosity. I't wo a glass eup which he flung down on the pavement and it was broken, but crushed by the bloW. ie took it up, and with a hammer restored it to shape. It was malleable glass, trans.\-eA but not brittle. ,. * A Ynaking this state ent once in New Haven MI the -presenceo of the elder Profess:r Sillimian. He was kind enough, after I had finbhed, t6 do:le to th platform aid ilid he was famil. iar with most of iny statements ; but referiing to malleable glass. he 'e. marked, "I cannot conceive the amount of evidence that would lead me t beh'dve iii. its possibility." I could only remind him 111.t 1e got chemistry from the Arabians. 'lhey brougit it into Spain eight centuries ag4, and in their books the Arabs ilsimed that theV e'duld :Oak. nFillea ble glas. At the present moment in F.race there is a kind of glass three bunired %ears old. You take a piece Lf it and fasten the ends together, and it will form into an arch like a bit of lead. It is three hundrd years c'c hiilliant and transparent, aud yet i 3un be bent like a metal. Either uriginally it had this quality, or in the lapse of years it has acquired it. But these two are statements. When you go to Rome they wjilik ie you a bit ofglass like the bottcm il this tumbler --solid glass. It is about is large a crab apple. You may ring it as you would any bit of iunflawed glass. I It has no crack no joint, no flaw in it ; but when yeu lok at it, in the sentre is a drop of glass about as large as marrow-fat pea, shaped like a ddck, exquiaitely modeled, and the colors of the plumage beautiruly renaerca. A miniature pencil could not do it better. One wing is slightly lifted. When you put the whole imass under a microscope, you perceive that the feathered edge of this wing, and the bill of the little creature, are not dull like the edge of this tumbler. All glaiss put through the annealing fur nace is dull. This is not dull, it is sharp-sharp as the edge. of a cameo. Now, evidently, the little creature must have been made and then this liquid glass poured arouud it, a much greater degree of heat than thatof an afifiealing furnace, and yet he retains h'ii sharp odge. When I was at Naples, I saw a glass entmoo about as large as my hatd. The ground-work was purple; the fi ures were white. It was a god d'ed 9-tthodod o yhor nymphs._ The oritline, nud gbylously the edges of the h'air, were- all hharp, ud couild not have been filed ; no appearance of a file, but sharp ; and yet, the last pro. 6es nust lIave b ,en'aan ealing. They mah'iaged to combine the beauties of the gem' withi the beauties of glass, -hich we canno do. Tlen, again, the very imitation of gemi, their color ef glss is beyond us ~'lhe Jews, in' Pafiis will alwoit deceird th'd most cunning deuler ila gemns ; and yet their Imitations of gems are utterly inferrer to th'ose that remain of the Yo'k no the colo'red gi si(6 churches:~ We, hlve fine specinmens of tt.lep' hero. In Europe. they haave still mnofo splendid specimEens You have reen windpws half as lar.:e as the walf fied' 'Q regres m'ting the #66 ,a n're ofh Apostles, ora deries pf ilus'tratlons of stories from the EJd Trfstjstmpat of . the liew.. Tpes~te are til'iJnid'oh of' wh'i the Salians dag, "Man never tado them ; lid let theut down from heaven foi the d$1light . of f'iA Suinis." These are the wi'ndowl df ttlitch' SMilton ' I loe bh'ehl'.6rnmowed roof. With antic pillars mnsiy proof. And storied windoiws, richly dight Ciasting a dimreligious light." N~ow, where an accident or storm hits broken a pine or two, and the modern artist has replaced them, the ng a gidA,' German or French, i utterly insipid in the neighmborhood of the old, and that ha.< bue the storms~ of three hutidretd years. And that is nothing t'o the Eg~y ptian' You'may take a'bit of Egy ptian glassi as large as my hand, with a pieture on It; you may saw it I'nto layers as you divide a book into ldav~es, and every layer will have a pefrfect picture ; showing that they otonly struek theI,elor' into the bd fthe gles, traieb we do not, but thiey struek It regalarly throngh. Weh,~ then take the Imitation- of gekia.' 1' ihndon tliey will show yota thf Barbdlbl ,aie, about four oeen lnohes high; .It was dug p in the gkounds or aW( Ttalian faqmI1in it~ipaad ed'ge or the Duk of P'orladfoft hidt thotisand.lla. ts hak Ibeet knoM;a&little dver T't~ huuidred yearspf~-or nidre then dli~tl century handled, examined, admir ed bohanh, sold. travallinu all abont, ir the hands of o nmoisseurs amatourb of ind dealers. Nobody eve suspected th it was not a natural At)no, ardonyx. P Itwiis either Winkelmasn - Wedg- th wood, I forget which, wlik frst an. as nounced to astonished Eree, within te ninety years, that the Birl rini vase a was a bit of glass of humat mandfa't. w( ture ;'and Vedgwood, the reat an- 0p thority and physician, aftei spending hn twelve thousand dollara in he effort co to make a copy, e'nds liia. 'Ay upon th the suijeot, by the assertio "hero is gr not obhenistry enough in al E'Iroy, th either to eiplahd how the A bei'r I i vaso was made, or to make nything Pl like it." in So, when you go to Gei 'a,. they will show you there the Sacr a dish. th It, is about fourteen inches w e. It is wo green, and the Roman Cat -lie le- a god is, that it is a solid eterald ; w4 that the Queen 6f lbeba gavi it to R, Soldmop, add thalt the was on the ov able it the time the Savior ate the so Last Supper. It has boen, Io inde- w finite number of beuturlbs, I Genoa', 'bj, and it used to be death foi an)body tr. but a Catholic priest to tou l it. In b that disatr'dus siege of 1aoa by th Bonaparte, where 80,000 peisons were th starved to death, ([ mean tha grea.t RIh Napoleon, not the present little one), P1 te Jews of the bity,. pffred three a millhons of dollarg for . ir iingle us article; but Bonaparte took i to Pria 'ti and gave it to the S3ienatiflo Bhool- th the Insti ute ; and, after thretdweek's de examination, that same establishment n4 of' Frenchman canae p the eenelusion gl that jt .gns ot a iatur'al stone. that it #4 r human product of soine sort or in other, whether Egyptian or not, they - H would iot dotermine ; but beyond all I01 exp1lanati.'n ha'w it was iAde: , %hen an Napoleon fou", it wen4 over the Alps, fri and is still ei.hilltod. f There are a gr.-at many toh questions of the. same kind. I saw, 6, rently; a lIhii.ifpl of glass beads from i en the neghborhood o[ (arthawa in Af- on rica. The color o- two. or threo of y them fully eqnalled, if it did not ;t transcend, the brilliancy of the emer- .at ald ihat, would be worth five bundred ." dollare in the shops. One of our misi- y ionar ,ies , IN!r. -D.ay , Prought - 4uis E from the ruine of I Lhv , Ynar ' ago, a small bit of glasa., perhaps as t large as the bottom of thistumbler, of a the most incomparable emerald color ; 0 but when you held it between to you and the sun, it seemed to We' gild' w ed The minutezit examination does hi not detect any gold. Chief Justice 1 Chase was allowed to break off the Of edge, in order, by inspecting tli frag. . ment, to see whether that w9uld give in an explanaution ; but how the, effect i1 is produced is still unintelligible. . 1 But a more interesting inquiry is of whether the ancients had the micro- el scope, or the teleseojc. The modern bi histories tell you that ,.the,.telescope I is three hunidred. years .pid,;.tha4 E Galileo, of Florence, was tha frst one I to use it. A nd sometime when you '11 open Edward Everett,'s oration 10 at, Albany, you will find on .thitr beautiful page where he paints, as he E only could paint in words, - what he H. calls the sublime momeot.when Gall, leo, pointed the newly-discovered tnbo 6f at the heavens, and for iho first time, W says Everett, the noons of Jupiter were seen by a human eye;, Well, I think I shall convince you that the at moons of Jupiter were seen by thous. W agda~of .eyes,. previously.. S ir, ,ighi t 11 ersehel says thit the point of timo ,i whera the moons of Jubiter were first 'di observed is the point of tame when o ancient astrongmny ends, apd godprn al astronomy -begins. Sir .Wilbiam ! a Drummond in his history of as ronomny ' t the world was round.' l'e..t~hii, ,he.. Si proves that from the Old Teetamrent,;' . bt if you will grant hinm .thet, ,oneo se thing is certaiq-th'o &slat'is a haun.E dred years bpfore we supposed them d to have had a teleoo, menoasuzrg t timo whoa''waol.ud .caicufated P tliy pa'rallax of tha fixed stars (a veryI d'Elicate problem) more accuratelyI than Europe did a hundred years arterg sad b'ed the teloesfolfo. Now .the o q'oestion is' how it wvas done . and,g~ l@ ' a; g'ton . tha't: las if~ilf s puzzled i dst,oing.ners.' 8toddard, of Conneo. Is 'uthe nisinayo thlemorefoan 4 Soard, in Pesia W Itinag home'twen ty years ago to London, stays, I think a [ can solve th is problem, for I hi lve p aeon the maons of Jpitsr pnyself :o from the .m tiios of Per~sa in a s l'diff .61pht wi h the naked eye ; iad Ia he goe on to claim thatie.gu-teyioti;. I ty in the dryness andodlearnaess ol' the pi atmiosphere enabled Asia to outdo us .e ina astronomay. And undoubtedly i there is a large measure of truth in'his y eptioulat ions; but there are somae facts e ii the olassies whioch go to show that 'l Sir Williama Drummpond was.prohbby. a right when hre clai.ds thnit tbe anoients had th~p telescope. Callier ates, of L Greece, who traveled in Aola, saw I golden g nafs so beprly the size .ef,the.~ i natural inseote that-you could not see 1 *ithiln thorp the artist bad pus r. * 'ohinryi5 enough to mank'e tbensi rpo~ ( alog a little table. If soy man' did a that be must haive had pegtaoles. I or as .4 ok~s hat, , e dndet thie tingA oa a oerae fly.'u I bave seon a oharioit and four'beraes tat aanld ha hidcleb under the wing a house fly. It was in Geneva, bu ay were made with spectacle. i qy sayb. tst h' s'w t~e poem o D Iliad, written by Homer, a bool large as the New Testament, writ a on a skin that could be hidden it iuthell. 'The other day ther mnt into Paris in a balloon a piece o per five inAhes squ-tre, on whiel d been photographed the wholt ntents of a London newspaper, anl a artist sayt that he could p buto aph in t'io same space the wih ole o o Old TOstamnent ; but of course h< l it with. the microscopo. So nus iny's have be d~ie With magnify ; glasses. Then l.t me pying to your mind, B 116monn ltheatres. You know thel ire generally shaped like this hall paralellogram. The most perfec i have remaining, i.s the Coliseum a 2nie, k *.1,, I I1 entre of tho al is vacant ground, to admit waitei motimes, and even ships, to have a imio sea-fight. There was room foi ;ht.y thoiusand persons. The thea i covred fivo, aoi's % of course, ii d no roofs. Now, in thes6 theatre. a Emperor's box was about wher< is desk is, relatively, in what wt oUld call the foci of the oval. iny says that Nero, the tyrant, hu, ring with a gem in it, by which h< e4 to look at it very near-to seru iizo the gladiatoi's who fought foi Dir lives ; and Pina)y says he coul it more nocurately than with th< ked eye. Then Noro had atn opera 688. ometim', w.benin Now 'grg, g< 'o Dr. Bates' gyptian \i uscun 3 will show you the gold ring o1 ieops, who built the Great Pyramid d who is supposed to have livec >m two to three thousand years be, go,iCiiH'H, Tle tablet on whicl is signet is engraved is - about,.ai rge as a quarter of a dollar. Tht graving is so exqui.ite that fully c-third of it is invisible withou 't ust a aiorjqoje. .I the br te at have ,sti wpaut ered Pids al av ything to remain there, id if 'ot all ever go to Paris, they will shot u a ri4g that belonged to Miehao ugp1 the groat sculptor, three hun ed venr. o: . It was en raved be -e .the Christian era. The geml i tout as large as a quarterof a dollar 3 it are nine figures of wvomien, an< ar of them are utterly invisibli thout glass. I have a friend whi s an anitique gem carved before thi iristian era, of about the sam si',n which is a somall figure of the go< erculos, perhaps two-thirds of ni cl long. Look at it-it is simtply i Ale nude figure., Take your micro ope, you. cap trace the interlacinj the muscles, and distinguinI 'ery separate hair in the eye ows. Layard says, "I never rot e inscriptions .it Nineveh withou eotaclec, [hnyj arp b9. :piqu~t." awlinson brought, from llinevoh El scription on a stone, eight inohe ng and ten inches wide. It is eatise. on mathematics, f9ur thour nd yers old, and one-third of th mee aro ,iglsible without glas.s. Well,,pot tihe queqtiqu pf pours snbn up. f. t. cmannd see ,t bae.in (thout, .a glas,' how did thme ma ake them without one ? Who o .u who has been in Italy and wa own a onbinect.of puntiq'pte gumas tha up nog furnishe~d with a naioroiscope 4tyou appreciate the delicacy c e workanshalip? iHow was. >ne ? Pliiny say thg they . use heave and oeonteg lenses ; ad the mip, jatok drgo.ai: object by puttin globe of glass on it,; fild with wa r. That is a microsco',e. Lay ar ought from Ninmeveh a piece e asas lpgge ps ,py bang, wiohl P r*telt ptpptupsed .&,l nm ofia teht ope. So thte telescope, Mr. Edwar verett, instead of' keing three hut ~ed years old, has no brothers by ej~vodoM f 14qsi'and they a: ooably younger brothers. Well, leaving glass, ist ' pass I >lor. Perha a yjouwoul dnot appri ~(to the i't1 le of eel or is suoh a vestigation unless your studies ha in in that direction ; for y~ou kno, flor *Jth tye is,simnply ortisu&mntis ~e paint a portrait ; we ornawer roomf but Egypt used color~to peo Fwriting history. She carved It o one, ad she painted It on stucel na her stutcco is a lest art. Buryi i.,4 earth isloave it in $he atmo here-r-i .n.evYqFcraoked, never stali d, never pealed. It is as imnaorti a the stone beneath it. Ilaving pra ared thbe surface, Egypt paiutj that alhe wantedl her ohildren tyg 'here Is a ship.yard--ships,,bui In peors ,b11dlt. There Is a king gom a walk,' 'l'hre Is a boy playim ookey-for this game can be tract >ack three thousand years. Thei s a.nirria#,There is an Interi vord-a chort of justree-evnni rqegree,.t. y spfed permapent, o~ ra g,0tberwJ. a sgriy worna ntie seo teo ; y.' ma, a tm.e49,'k~ " ' otd ogs qlog (tqweevo yppce of tbp mo6r.t tat I everO ed, is ge Lad that the hardest, color for us nzalie whit., I the dost is inof f with them. You know the great of rott of Iainters is to discover a mixt ure that won't fade. Page, of Now York, our great port rait painter spent twelve years in V enice to find out how Titian mixed his paints. lie thinks he bpsdi seovered it. . Sir Joshiua Reynolds, of London, in George the third's time, was ever lastingly engaged in the same experi ment ; and if you see in England to. . ay a hindred portraits by Sir Joshua, r at least two thirds of them will have faded out, their lips sharp, one chook left ; it was a bad mixture. Now, go look to Iaphael. Ile has been in his grave two hundred years. The first thougeht. You Ie , in looking at op0e of his canva-ses i , it can't have beenI painted five ye.arz , that is fresh, that is modern. nIItI he is only, a boy, though lie has been dead three centu ries ; for you may go down il.tto that subterranean palace which Nero built 'noathi Rome to shelter him from its -.e10t. Th banquett ilg hall is two thirds as long.Ai this, and about as high, and its fluted coiing is covered all over with fanciful designs in pur plo and crimson. It has been Iled up with earth for hundreds of years iud cleared out within this century, but as the guide holds up the torehes the colors of the rainbow actually Ilamo down ; and yet St. Paul may have looked up at that same roof. Or you may go into the musenii, and they will show you ft plee of stucco twice as large as that clock desk. It is the face of Cleopatra with whom Julius Cpo3ar.fcll iin love ; and her lips are as red as when ho laid the world at her foot. There is tlo face of an Egyptian princess with whom Solomon might have talked. That buried city of which I spoke is a stucco city. All the walls are covered with stucco. There is what the Niblo calls Tyrian .purple. The Tyrian purple of the old Testament is what we call scarlet. You know none, of. our words represont the .samo color; thAt they.used th'm ltor. I. deed, yotu may tot .be aware that the present French theory ie that six hun dred years ago, the Puropean eye . could .not distinguish blue. It, ij . still .ineertain whether a Roman could distinguished Ilue, as we oill It to-day. At any rate the ancient' I walle of Pompeii have been covered up sixteen hundred years, and a great forest grew above the buried city yet shovel away the ashes, and color flashes out as fresh as the last silk ftoi liyous. Sir Ilumtlrey DaV y took some of it home to England,. and spent three weeks trying to .analyze - the color, and gave it up. I really 'think those old savages actually knew. how to. mix painta Ia most as well as - we do ! Indeed, Ruskin, the great I authority on this topic, lecturing to t an audiance of painter.i, twenty years - 1g 1, pointing to a catholio mosaic paint 1 lig, on. mIirble, said : "\e. cannot a make scarlet like that. and if wo could . it would not last twonty years, and - that is five hundred years old." But. D more remarkable than that, color which Nvas taken fron In Egyptian tomb, where it had been buriod more R tgytn 2000 years, was ground and mixed in their Areseneo, and when f spread upon the canvas exhibited all s its original brilliancy. The 1rench- I t itian says-I am the best dyer in theoI , wold, .but take.him to the vale of1 f Casf'more where the girls make shawls t, worth lfty. thpusand dollhars ech, ], and the threada are so fine and dlelieate. a ly clored that the worthy soul not only g cannot make them, but cannot distin: -giih them. In lfre it issaid that I a Jew wil.1 strango colors more liar f moniously tlian theo best Italian. The .st~ory is told of a picco of laoe that~ rprea4 upon the grass cannot beo soon di if dew bas depobited after it was Splaced.. M'ETA LB. e Take metals. 1'Te very first pages tin Genesis reeall the triumph of nyan or the tyae .M4etallurgy Ia the .i fhpt soience nained in bi.atory. oLtm me pause one moinent, ladies and~ .gentilemen, to make one remark.,You n may think as I pass on ,thiat I am 1 claiming.a greetr deail. I want to r makse,90sogeneral etatoment-and s~ny, I. Isehollar, whose attoutin has bu00:1 tdircicped to )'t will ondorso it--on lat~jiiag2.. Every mi jno~ws that to a invent language is a greater intelleo,. ai tuad effort than to invent a steamn-en. >gine. The race~th~at invented Greek, e themnost pert'ect of all languages, was .m.ore than able to invent atearipboa,ts. - Now, 8anorit, the,. language of a race ii . that died out so long ago, that we ab. ..bolutely know nothing about the~m, is dnext dloor in perfee.tness .to Greek, . and it would be idle to supposethat ,a race that created Sancrit could not g have invented a steamboat. They g may not have invented it, but, d but must have been capable of invent e ileg at, because the intellect that r gave the nice lines .of distkimip~$lng a,' thought sin the langurage, qaust b1tje .l, been fully equal to th' YankIee race ii. of to-day. ir But I *ag rpgaking of mdtals, is When yoigo to40:# you will see s, 'jq frbut /f eso') of theo 4a~thedrals a:{ av% t t's one stone ,o A e I-was qure te three honiaan years ago. 'lhe atrne ; is so hkrd that the edges are still to sharp. The inside of theo pgmIdo e) are of the sameo, and the toemples at it Paestum, a day's ride south of.JNa pies, which were antiquities before the Saviour was born. When lie was born mankind had forgotten who built them. They are built without Iny oemn t. 'Th9 stones are lid one ujPon another liko eabin't furniture nicely fitted. Time has knocked on 1hose edges three thouu 'nd years, but the btoe's are so hard, that ;t ipge enough to say you couldn't get a pen," knife between thom-you could not 4et a ahent.of ppor botwop qtliese. bo-.is Philippe proved the hardness )f this stone when he came to the hroio in 1831. He sent to Egypt nd put one of these obelisks up on thq 1pot where Mario Antoinette was be icaded. 1le ordered mechanies to make .wo holes for holding tbe inaoription .o be put upon it, statirt %% 1 y it was here. We are told it jol six weeks, in51 spoilt ton -etsi of chisels ; so hard 8 the stone. ow, these old oes j4 Rome seventy feet high are carved he whole four sides up to the apex vith hieroglyphics an inch deep. yod ,ould hide your fingers in the channets Df the letters' and the letters are .lose as the print on a Bible t41 iage, Champollion says they werq ot made with stool ; they were nado before steel was invented -with btronzo. They could make bronzo harder than we ,9an make iteel. Indeed, they ooul'd mal0e >ronze, what we can never make it - elastic. Drop a bit of brone-it aroaks. They made, their swor4 landes of brousq.; tlley vnedjt, i. knife blades of bronze. JudoO i e 0holo treatment of metals in Asia oads like a fairy tale. "Carleton," tho is.geing to stand ierend delivoe ho nextleoture in this course, told no that when he first went to Asia, he 'ound that his watch stopped in a ,oek. Opening it the steel works gerQ all rustod,. 'he eptol of England rould not bear the Asiatic climate, 'he London Medical and Surgical Journal says to the surgeons for the trmy in India, "Don't take your lan 3ets to Qaloutta until they are_ gild 3d." Now, yeu Bp .resa novels re member 6115 Qld. Daipaspus,.blades of thq gr sadera that fig ure ie all o mnn and poetry-tpyineur rested. We should have 60-oj4 4t?.ot, if they did. Ty esp p p.erfeqt Zprysta, o cop bandthern, you know, from filt to poiut,without breaking.. They had one at the Londop exhi.itioni in, 1850. You could put it into,.a acab bard shapod like a cork-sorew and, take it out again without breaking.. 3ome men compared it to Win. H. oeward. (Laughter.) This remark&. blo .steel is slill the wonder of Europe. Metallurgy is thp crowning glory of Chemistry, and Europe claims to be the great mtallist qf the world. The soience of. Chemistryde,ip liranee and, in Enjlgnd.. ,Bpt wvhgp, a London. clropoweter-inaker itante the besb oteel for his watch, he don't send, down to Sheffield wbore.they know all the science, btt he sen4s to the Pn jab where they know only the arts.. Inside Christendom is all the Chomis try ; outside chqmistry is 011 the steel., ''he rAt potable. improvement in" thae manufacture of steel in England, in I p8, was qjade ..by.a. negro; and when lie died, the secret died- with him. The negroos Ip Central Africa. showed the first Einglish travellers there razors better than they carried. tho, irrepresible negro I 8cience, with all its laboring, failed to. equal them in this art. The,. Englisli, colonel in the I~ije ncarry his, steel. .foa Englaridt He knew a. lie can got a. bettor sabre bladq made for liit by a pommon smith in India than lhe can import from Eng 'he 1id 4 nl novo~lge. YIhvb , made very much of tpsip perfeotion in the manufacture of s,el. Byron Is full. of it. Southey rpoujs $0 56..h, Even, Moore dwells upon ;i4 Scott has it in pqgnm ~pncnovel; Take Boott's Cru-' saiders; Top ad the end of..the .pog 1l 89ott p~rings Richard the.3AgnHleat . ad and Salad in, the Soldamar face to. face, in a tent toggher. They talk, about art. Blk WYaler'adesign is to, picture the eagtern ad western :#Ivil-, gatiorp, as developed. .Toward the end. of.t the ,e.onvporaation,.. Saladin says "Show mue the strength of1.wlioh yot tell." Richard draws hissaible and divides an Iron bar, an inch thick, at, a blow. 8aladin looks at it and says,, "I cannot de that ;". but tajting an, eider-down pillow, from she. fioor, eo. lighb f..hat it would not keep in shape, ho draws his blade across it, eind it. falls in two pieces. The English say; ---"this is black art ; this is usagie, this Is the devil ; nobody e an out where there is . no -resis'. tanco." Saladin .undetatanigg tihe doubt tegk#1 6, cshiers rC,.s throdind14 fato th9.gir, draws his. blade agross It, and opits I6 in pieqes., It was designed by 8o0tt to. lllutrawe .tho Orentlsh . def,., but w., r'avo niot ton s4oj Vow tonake. :Ima India, one will t e afh'andfi3 t.($ . and thirpw Ibintyohe airs miad with I steol eggo 69646 as It Sote. Pe littlebqys were burled pdqr oa ped tibe. others 4t deaC er taken out.