Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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M~ AA Desportes, Williams & Co., Proprietors.] A Family Paper, Devoted to Science, Art, ,1h4uilry, Indistry and Literature [Terms---$300 per A um n ance VOL. 11.1 WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAY 5, 1869. [NO.44 THE FAIRFIELD HERALD IS rUMAIrD: wRKI.Y BY DESPORTES. WILLIAMS & C0 Terms.-Tus 11i:n.i.n is p.,u+ished WYeek ly in the Town of Winnsboro, at 03.00 in varcaly in advance. -Y All transient advertisements to b paid in advance. Obituary Notices and Tributes $1.00 pe square. [ 1'rom !'eters' Muical Monthly ] he Wipes the Tear from every Eye. . SET TO MUSIC BY i. P. DANKS. When sore afflictiona crush the soul, And riven is overy earthly tie, The heart must cling to God alone ie wipes the tear from every eye. Throvgh wakeful nights when racked with pain On bed of languishing you lie, Remembet still your God is near, To wipe the tear from every eye. A few short years and all is o'er, Your sorrow, pain, will soon pass by; Then lean in faith on God's dear Son, He'll wipe the tear front every eye. Oh I never be your souls cast down, Nor let your haarts desponding sigh, Assured that God whose nIame is "Love," Will wipe the tear from every eye. The Agricaltural Convention. This body, says the Pheni.r, as sembled on Wednesday last, at Caro lina Hall, and on motion of Majoi Thomas W. Woodward, delegate fron Fairfield, Wm. M. Lawton, Esq., o: Charleston, was called to the chair Mr. Lawton delivered a short address thanking the members for the oompli. ment, and impressing upon them th importance of the matters for the con sideration of which this Convention had assembled. Col. James G. Gibbet and Thos. W. Holloway, Eq., wer< appointed as Secretaries. On motion, the delegates preseni were requested to enroll their names Communications from W. W. Phil W lips, Eg., editor of the .S'uthern Farm er, published in Memphis, Tenn., and Commissioner Capron, were read by Dr. J. W. Parker, and received as in formation. On montion of Gen. M. W. Gary, a committee of one from each Judica District was appointed to nominat< permanent officers for the Convention The committee, after a short confer enee, reported the following officers: President-General J. Johnstor Ilaigood. Vice-'Presidents-Dr. A. M. Fors ter, W. M. Lawton, E-q , Col. Wim Wallace and Maj. Thomac W. Wood ward. Secretary-Col. D. Wyatt Aiken. Treasurer-Col. It. J. Gage. Gen. Ilaigood was conducted to the Chair, and delivered a short address which was attentively listened to. A resolution was adopted that the President nominate standing commit tees of five to prepare business for the action of the convention, viz: Agri culture, Manufactures, Mechanics Labor and Immigration Resolutions When the following resolutions were made: On Agriculture-Dr. J. W. Parker D. W. Aiken, A. M. Foster, T. G Clawson, T. W. Woodward. Manufactures- V. M. a w t o n Alexander Mcce, J. G. Gibbes, L~ Williams, WVmn. Glaze. Resolutions-M. WV. Gary, 3. M Baxter, J. P. Thomas, J. A. Barks dale, Wmn. Wallace. Mechanics-W. S. Hlenery, R. To zer, WV. K. Blake, N. Hey ward, T Wa nnam ake r. The following resolution was intro duced by Col. Thomas, and referret to the Committee on Labor: *\ Resolved, That the true policy o the South, in relation to the all-impor tant subject of labor, consists in util izing the labor that we have and ii supplementing it with foreign whit labor as rapidly as possible. On motion of T.8S. Clempton, Esq. an additional Committee was appoint ed on Education. The following gern tlemen compose said Committee: Messrs. T.8S. Cem p ton, C. P. Pelhair Jas. L. Orr, B. F. Perry, Jas. Chet nut. The Committee on Resolutions, re *lating to the organization of this meet ,ing, beg to report . 1. That they recommend that th meeting organize itself into an asst ciation to be called "The Agriculture and Mechanical Society of South Ca rolina"-which was ado pted. 2. That the officers of' this mieetin be the officers of that Society uinti otherwise ordered. Adopted. The Committee on Mechanics r< com mend that, so far as it is possiblE that association shall have their is plements of agricnlture made withii the State-either by the existin means, or if necessary, by the forms tion of companies for the special mar ufacture of implement,. required b them. And that until such oompanie are formed, they will foster and er courage those establishmxente of thel State engaged in this work. A communication was read by Rot well T. Logan, E~sq., fromn Mesari Walker, Evans & Cogswell, rolativ to the establishment of an agrleultr ral magasine in Charleston. A. A. Gilbert, Esq., offered the to lowing resolutions, whioh was unan monaly adopted : Resolved, That it is the sense of this Society that the 'publication of this journal by Messrs. Walker, Evans & Cogswell is of vital importance to the successful development of the material resources of this State and of the en tire South, and we heartily pledge our influenco and support to them in their enterprise. Res'lved. That the President of this Society be requested to appoint a Committee of three from each County, whose duty it will be to interest the people of the respective Counties in said magazine. Gen. Gary moved that a Committee be required to draft a constitution and by-laws to govern this Sooiety. Mr. Boiu'it offered the following; which was adopted : Resolved, That the original Agricil tural Society of South Carolina be re vived, with its constitution and by laws, and that the officers just elected be the offiers of this Society. On motion of Gov. Bonham, the Convention adjourned to meet Thurs day, at 11 a. in. Our Great Staple. COTTON IN TIE FUTURE-ITS PRODUC TION AND CONSUMPTION. The following letter, which we copy from the Memphis Avalanc/he, con tains views in regard to the position and prospects of the South as affected by the cotton olop, which will be found full of hope and encouragement for our people, and eminently worthy the attention of every thoughtful reader : Masm.pis, March 29, 1869. The chief wants of man are food and clothing, and that country is most favored which furnishes them and at the least cost. Judging by this rule, the Southern or Cotton States of the Union possess advantages equalled in no other part of the world Besides being able to produce food enough for a dense population, they produce that staple which clothes more people than any other fabric. So universal has become its use that it is the leading article of the world's commeree,and it builds and freights more ships, sinks more mines, and erects more factories than any other product of the earth. Nothing is so intimately interwoven with the prosperity and progress of our whole Union as cotton. The in. crease in its production has been won derful, growing from about 100,000 bales in 1800, to 5,387,000 in 1860. But there was a demand for this rapidly growing production; for, in 17, two-thirds of the vast commerce of Great Britain were based upon the growth of American cotton; and, in 1860, the Southern States furnished her with eighty per cent. of all the cotton she manufactured. An idea may be formed of the value she places i on our cotton, when it is known that, - during the war, the prices in Liver i pool ran up to $1 83 per pound. But if we look at the demand for it in the United States alone, we shall conclude that "Cotton is still King." In 1800, the factories of this country consumed 22,000 bales of 400 pounds I each; in 1860, 1.094,000 bales. . The capital invested in manufac-, tures increased thirty per cent. from 1850 to 1860, and is now estimated at $130,000,000. During that period, the consumption of the raw material .iresdfifty-five per cent. These facts all prove the constantly growing demand for Southern cotton, and hence its production has been highly stimulated during the past thirty years. Its consumption seemsa - to have no limits, for improved ma c hinery and expand ing commerce all tend to introduce it into still more f general use. But its production has a - limit, and that Is measured by the number of hands engaged in its cul ture. Bafore the war, nineteen ,l twentieths of these "hands" were the negro slaves of the South, and the c rop of 1860 was the largest ever - raised. Until the war the growth of - our slave population was nearly as - rapid as that of the whites; the latter ,being about three and one third per -cent, and that of the former about three per cent, per annum; and under - the old system of trained labor the - increased production coal I be safely estimated. In a few years mo:e the a South would have grown ten million -bales, while the NJorth would have 1 monopolized the cotton commerce of - the world. All this has been changed. It was g proclaimed that the labor of the free I negro would bring the price of cotton down to three cents per pound. It - has gone up to t wenty-five and thirty ,cents ; and four millions of oontented - laborers have been converted into a i oammunity of idlers, vagrants, politi g cians and paupers. Sumner, Greeley - and Phillips, - Is attempting to play - the role of Washington, Jefferson, v Webster and Clay, havo mistaken a fanaticism for statesmanship. -The day will never come agq4n r when five million bales of cotton will be raised by the negroes of the South -ern States, though the demand is not likely to abate. The vast su'ms in a vested in manufactures will demand - that the looms and spindles shall still run. Whore shall the *ottgnh - found 1 In India and.gy lgpi duction is falling off, though greatly stimulated dunring the war. In the former the population is so dense that a famino is threatened whenever too much labor is diverted from the pro duction of food. The manufacturing world, old and now, thus anxiously looks to the Southern States of this l'nion as the chief source for the sup ply of cotton. Now Eugland states manship has reduced this supply one half, and trebled the price. Let us look at some facts, and see to what conclusions they will lead. In 1860 (see abstract oensus, p. 131) there were 3,950,000 slaves in the Southern States; 1,150,000 being in Mar3 land, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Missouri. This left 2,800,000 in the cotton States. One half of these, or 1,400,000, were be tween the ages of 15 and 60; and no planter will say that he ever had more than half his negroes in the cotton field. From this 1,400,000 must be deducted, house servants, mechanics, and negroes in cities, towns, &,., not engaged in producing cotton. It is not probable, therefore, that we over had 1,300,000 slaves thus employed. If they averaged four bales to the hand-men and women, old and young -the production would be about as much as the large crop of 1860. This was under a system of labor thorough ly trained and under the most indus trious and energetic management. Then there were few idlers and no paupers. How is it now ? Not more than half the 1,300,000 former slaves can now be found in the field. Thous ands have sought the haunts of cities and towns; and the females seldom work. It is at least pretty certain that not more than 800,000 negroes can be counted, to-day, as field hande, and the general estimate does not exceed two and a half bales to the hand. Put it at three, the crop would then be 2,400,000 bales. Add 200,000 for the production of white labor, and we have a crop of 2,600,000. Can it ex ceed 3,000,000 bales? I confess it does not seem that the present labor system of the South can reach that figure, save in an extraordinary sea son. It may be done; perhaps 4,000,. 000 bales may be reached if we neg leot food: but would not that be pay ing rather dearly for the extra mil lion bales? Year by year, food is steadily advancing in price. There are thousands here who remember when they could buy corn at twenty to thirty cents and wheat at fifty cents pt r bushel, and pork at.four or five cents per pound or twelve dollars per barrel. What are the prices now ? Double and treble what they were years ago. There is a powerful agen cy produciug this. Irom 1840 to 1850, the increase of our country population was about thirty per cent., th it of the cities upwards of eighty per cent. In 1800 our city popula tion was one in eleven of the whole population. In 1860 it was one in nearly every five. In other words, our food producers are rapidly becom ing less numerous as compaired with the whole population, and hence the opinion that food will not fall much in prices. Great Britain slaughtered one million less hogs last winter than the winter bef>re ; and the Northaei tern States 300,000 less. In 1868 the corn crop was sixty millions of bush els less than the crop of 1860, eight years ago. Remember, too, that every year we are receiving about 250,000 souls from Europe, who seldom pro duce food the year they arrive, but are constant consumers. Does this look like a fall in the price of food ? WVith facts like these, can our people think it best to raise four million bales of cotton and buy their food from the Northwest ? A small crop of eotton will bring more money than a large one. The five million bales of 1860, at ten cents a pound, brought but $250,00,000, The crop of 1868, estimated at 2,300,000 bales, at an average of 25 cents, will bring $287, 500,000. It is then -evident that a half crop wIll bring more money than a very large one. The truth is, if the South will raise food in abundance for all her wants, she cannot exceed three millions bales. The labor Is not here. The present cotton producers are generally trained hands. When these pass away, their successors will bo-less numerous and still less reliable. Skill and improv ed machinery may cultivate more land, but human fingers alone can gather the crop. Hence the conolu sion that with an abundance of food the South cannot possibly raise sotton enough to put the price under t;wenty cents for some years. If, In addition to all this, she will also enter largely Into mannfaeturing all the shirtmn5, sheeting, &oe, she needs, she will nave an Immense profit now p aid out to New England on those fabrics. *In 1860 -the .Southern States spun one-4hird of all the c ton yarns used In the whole Union heat wove- only the twentieth of a cloth. Why mnay we not produce tb gloth as largely- as the yarn ? Theo can be no doubt as to the proft,s. I do not tegard It as possibid, e were It desirable, to Increase our gro p ation Tila ape, has up r povor been 4p o5h Christianise* as under the n e of constant contact with the Wkhf of the Southern States, The guuardian ship of the latter having; been with. drawn, the former will, rapidly- lapse into semi-birbarism and gradually disappear. No two distinot nations, even of the same race, 'ever lived peaceably together, as equals, under the same government. Such an in. stance is found nowhere in all histo ry. If this be so of nations of the same race, how must it be with nations I of diffeirent races ? It hairl..en"aeptlyj said that the Saxon race would always exterminate those whom thdy could' not subjugate ; and the fate of the American Indian illustratei it. The negro race Is doomed. Its -ltimate I fate is but a question of titie, ls it 1 desirable to increase such a pop la tion ? Would we gain anything but . mere numbers, whose moral and intel. leotual degradation woul& be but food for corrupt politicians? Is it I not vastly better for us to populate! our waste lands with a class of whites who will have some pride of race and some regard for their political rights au. duties? If the South ; is to be peopled with millions who are to be our equals, in the name of Heaven let it be with men of our own'color and race. Though grossly outraged, the South f is not yet ruined ; for it is a difficult job to ruin a country so- blessed in climate and soil, and having such a population ts ours has been in all the! changes of the past eighty* year. Tho sons of the men who .honored Washington, Jefferson, Henry, Madi son, Jackson, Clay and Calhoun, as their models for patriots and -states. men, cannot long be under the rule of such adventurers and charlatans as now curse both North and South. A brighter day is da*ning. During the past thirty years the South has never been so little in debt as she isto-day; and, with political kindness, she will soon ba on her feet again Duriqg tl . past five months, we have raversed a dozen counties in Mississippi on horse. back, and a constant and free inter course with the farmers assures me that there has not been so much mon ey in the State for many years. Ijch planters used to belong to co'i sot, merchants of New Orleans, h1e as mostly ended. oousumy is t , r. of the day, and every one is address ing himself to its necessities. With the money of .the past crop they are buying mules and farming implements, and are planting about as much land in corn as in cotton, thus insuring an abundance of food. The proceeds of the cotton: crop of this. yoark (!8v9)vil . va iav entirely a surplus, and in ten years the South will be much the wealthiest portion ,f the Union. But time, in its steady evolutions, will soon come to her relief in another way. Look at the sub joined tables. They are worth study ing, for they clearly indicates where, even now is the seat of political pow er. With the ability to raise an abundunce of food, and keep cotton above twenty cents per pound, we may look upon the future with high h.p e. Below I dontrast the populition and wealth of the whole Union'with:the population and wealth of the States of the Mississippi Valley. These States are Ohio, India' Illinois, WViboonsin, Minnesota, Tow , Kabsas, Nebraska, Missoui-i, KCentacky, Ten nessee, Arkansas, Alabamng, Missis sippi and Lmuislana: S1880. Population of the Unite 8tier 81.500,000 Po'pulatwo' of s Valley Stales 14,600,0001 Wealth of the United States Wealth of the Vallej, States '7,600,000,0001 8. it seems that ten years ago the fifteen States named. above had nearly half the population anid wealth of the1 whole Union; although three-fourths of them wete a' wil 4erness less than fifteen years ago." Can 'anfone ,doubt that the tendency of plhioicl yow,ef s Westward ? Bit let us 1ook ast it in another and still mnore snggestive Te tefi4iost prset-ous and pro gressive Slates of this vallsy are Ohio, Illinois, idiana,- Iowa, M issouri,Ten nessee, entuckcy, Arkansas, Mlssis sipyi a Louisiana.' Contr'ast them with tl. four most.' prosperous .an'd progr sive States of tlie Atlantic sea, boar~ From !850-to 1860 the in orea~ of the former in population, was,lxty-nine-per cent., that of the lat bu6 thirty-two. In the* forineV the norease ina wealth *as 800'- per ce ', in the latter but fl0. If I sen (I ) of -the Atlantic 'Statei:bad been4 s oted, instead -oef four,the diifer. co would have bGeen istill gr'eatet, d, in or der to present the questiotr the bestlight fo'r tbon, but fogr taMes were -seleet'ed. - 'yatter 'tlIe oat flourishing' .If 'hdb trtfe oft he period between 1850:.nd: 1860, what must be the Inetease'60k9eVaF 1 tey. State, idiee thed ?" 'JPhe *togth' ice 18O0 harbie to pedlh thaleyeri'beforeo4 MAOther* #tti*g' will be taken next year, and we aball then find the spell ef.-New England broken,'and -herrpoverr festisebie4f gone.- a.addition tte.l1 thlsp Mary d*Jand Texas, *hi.hfare not Valley, 8Stsp willbung thefra dektIplai. wit this0 for ey1 ae-all-,.essen.aU, sgrioltural, their intereWs Id 7t mutual. They will doubtless hold two.third of th. votes of Cngre.. and'dontrol the destiniet of,the Uuion The elbotions in the Northwest last fall,'as conpared with those of two years before, prove that the antagon- I lsm of the people towards the 'Siuth c is on the wane there; and In a few 1 mo reyears we may exolaim,"Now Is the 1 winter of our discontent made glorious summer." You will say this a hope ful picture. Well, I am a hopeful man. Better that than to be ever for. < boding evil. The past has its leesons ) of bitterness and oppression ; but it I Is diffioult to believe that thid country n can long be ruled by a party, ;whose t pathway to power Id strewn with the i oreokedrights and libettles of indivi. duals andStates. J. T. TRtzvarT. k The Contemplated Expansion of Our Ter- d - ritorial Republic. n The New York Tribune advocates 0 h6 - purohase of the Dominion of k Oanada, and of course the vast ex- 0 patse'stretohing far away above it to b bhe North Pole, which is marked npon tr the map of the world as ' British f Amerioa. Gen. Banks advonates the w mmediate annexation of S-in D.min- e So. Cuban patriots and rebels, b.,th g reole and Republican filibn,ters, not a rearing either ,the famous Sp,.i.h ga- 'p rote nor the tripartite treaty of Eug- g and, Fraloe and Spain,.by which .the tl possession of the Queei of the Antil- 01 les is guaranteed to the Spanish throne, ti }ro preparing the "lovely isle" for its t manifest destiny-annexation to the ' Jnited States. Mr. Cleb Cushing as defined the Southernmost limits ' f. the G, eat Republic which, of )ourse, will include Mexico, Nicara- P ;ua, H.,nduras, Panama, &o. The history of our territorial ac- 0 uisitions may be briefly summed up f' is folQws . .i Sq. mles. e Porritory acquired by re- p bellion against Eng- 0 land, A. D., 1783 815,615 c [4oui8iana acquired from .l i rance, 1803 930,9:28 1: U'loride, agqtired from. Y Spain, 1891 59,268 fl .etxagr a4luitte4 to the rE '1'Jniono:,.l84r 237,504 ti legoi , settle by treaty, is 'I840 . *.- . 280,426 0 Dalifornia,conquered from ti Mexico, 1847 649,762 n A.rizona (New . Mexico) h acquired -from Mexico o by treaty, 1854 27,500 g Alaska, acquired from w Russia by treaty, -1866 577,390 tl - 'I Total 3,578 394 w A country that has increased from 9 315,615, to 3,578,392 square miles in le -ighty-six years, may well look for- li ward to a sontinental Empire. sl SPIRITUAL TEsTININY.--In a case n n New York the other day, Judge o I;dmunds testified under oath as fol. g .owe I ' -" . tI "I believe,those piotures are photo- it raphs of spirits; I .be)ieve that the al )aniera can take a photograph of a tl pirit. I believe also that spirits are 3 ot immaterial ; in my opiniion every c hing:has inateriality ( they are sufli v iently so to be invisible to the human j, y'e ; and, therefore; l do not see why ti h'ey cannotbe taken by a camera. I e believe'that the oSmera can take pho- fi aographs of spiHits which I can see. ce Phe other day I was In a court in s< BSrooklyn, wheu an accident insurance b ase was on tilal. I saw the Spirit of n1 the' inm who had been insured that ai pirit told me the circumstances eon- it ~eoted with' the death; he told me p h'at he had aommitted suicide ; I dre w r' disgirath of the p lace at *hioh his F leath occurred, and'o' showing it to a~ he ootinsol, was toldl that it was' ex- ii cL ; I had never seen the place nor p he man, and no one in the court- h~ oo'm saw the spirit except myself; e: he appearance -'of'. the spirit was if hadowy, tranSparent; I could see 11 naterial objeots through it, The first Ii 'it that I ever saw was that of si Judge Talmage, who was leaning ci gamut a window casement, which ti was plainly to be seen through the al >ody.. [have seen spirits clothed in ti her e~very-day dress as well as inr rave clothes, but never saw one with- w minlthn SCALis lhrm,N.Who 'wants to go le in a -profitable-. scalping expedition ? a' t. Tes's paper says': '.p: "The prioe:of indian scalp. has ad-. ni ranoed 9.ineo the. notovions, outlaw a ilanton made a eontract with the st uthorities of Cihibuahua, Mexico, to i urnish them at ten dollars-per head, ti udi.attempted to ring in Mexican pa ic.a1pe at a e samue price.. .Colonel bI iK;44 -lbrsry, -of Iiusque Qofunty, in ai vriti'.ge wQ.gendemian (f .Curuicana,. i) ay hta pirse o( $ 1,000 lla# be se naa tup for the soi6 f~ eseh :a a seg~ Ildan of ~thief 'itled in thiat ti 1WWit.r.M T3ar.- PtA.'.A prib- al aedsetha Columbub ButM office -and a i roung .companion, witti more nerve ra l a .cor,tIo .have . rqcently be,en o1 ~log g[lps,tho Wiltam.Toll fc omnanee, At ', hkstanqe -of .forty vI ~ards one of the i' 4 ' argetot w d his companion to *b6@tWt ig *lth t< Potter's rife,. The ball very nearly ts entered the bull's aye.. [From the Now Yoik lierala.] Sprague. "People say, Governor, that they do iot comprehend exactly what you are Iriving. .Some insinuate that you are >idding for the Presidency ; 'others, hat you want to out loose from your arty, and still more state in down ight terms that you are 0>azy." "Hold on l" exclaimed the Govern. r; "let me answer the last charge. rus--I am crazy--razy, as every eformer has been since the begin ing of the world. Because I refuse o follow In the ruts of that set call. ig itself the Senate of the United tates, the cry is raised at once, 'Oh ! prague is crazy.' I will let them now before long exactly how crazy .1 m. I am not bid(qing for the Presi enoy either. if it were offered to to to-morrow, I should only take it n Conditions of being at liberty to ick out of the White House every flice seeker that dare come into it. fof a man should be appointed under e to office because he was this man's lend or that man's supporter. I ould have an incorruptible board of xaminers for every office under the overnment, and no man should be ppointed unless he showed the pro Dr oapacity to fill it. I would disre ard party altogether, and put only to best men in the nation in places f trust, but as I know such a condi on of things can never be attained, to Presidency is not my ambition. either am I about to cut loose from y party and attach myself to the smooratie. Both as parties are rot m, but I intend to build up a new arty, in which politics will have lit. e to do. My party will have for its io grand principle' the reform of our nances, the rendering of money leap, the reduction of taxation, the evation of the working classes, the rotection of labor, the improvement our cotton, agricultural, coinmner al and manufacturing. interests-in ort, the making of this country real. great, strong and prosperous. All ur talk about nigger, nigger sut' age, State rights, women's rights, beld; and so forth, is only fit for es old grannies in Congress. Where our pai :. e et thi moment? Who t.hus 1ao peotariug our -'ors ail e time 1.b . .t reconrtruotion, rebels, iggers, and so forth, has ever lifted is voice in favor of the broken down mmerce that was once our pride and ory ? I tell you, sir, these men ould drive this country headlong to te devil in their greed for power. his country to-day is intrinsically enker than any on the face of the lobe, not excepting Mexico. Now, t me explain ; but first let o en ghten you upon the purpose of the >eech, the opening one of the late rices I made in the Senate. It was ecessary I should draw the attention the people to Congress to invite reater attention to the speech I made pon the finances and the bill offered connectiontherewith. I began by I rirmishing, my objective point being fo Treasury-the'great national curse. [y reheme was no hurriedly consider I affair. For three years I have de ated nmy mind exclusively to this sub ct, and you will find, if I an mAd, mefo was sonlie method in my mod ~m, after all. You saw how that rat speech awakened a thrill of inter.. I t throughout the nation. There is me of the evidence (pointing to thme! ndles of letters ) Now, if I had ado my proposition alone, without1 y preparation of the public mind,l might have gone the way of all like; ropositions. I hold that the Treasu-| Sis the root of our present evils..-. orty millions of dollars, we will say, I -e received there this month. Th'is I oney comes out of the pockets of the tople. One man whose taxes ate rgo has pet haps to borrow the mon.. at a high rate of interest to pay his' debtedness to the government. That oney goes into the Treasuary and rs there hoarded up for a month or x weeks without producing a parti c of benefit to the government or .0 people. Twenty millions of that nount we will say, are paid out by 0 government and twenty ngilljoys main. Tlheu market, in New York, here the espi'ai of the country is nitralw,ad, la decl trod scarce. When opey i~ I ":- who have the ast, pAs La..- smcu on the market a low rate to in.dm-o purchasers and ocuro cap -.s . ...y on their husi mas. Theze i.. alw ays in New York eless.of spo' taE io who, buy. up all ch 'stocks and wait for the favorable mo--next mouth, we will say-when e Trpaury, in place of $20,000,000, LyS out $0,000,000. The money ~conles abundant, and those stocks 'e rushed in upon the market and p.ga,ublers make thoir harvet. 7eu o there is no equiibrium here. Our oney map ket is. all tbe time fluotua og inifinenced, by that vast overgrown irporation, the .natiopal Treasuary. lhep, again, all hinds of stocks are Footed in this way, i oan* go into. (e' markot in New York any. day in' y;bueiness and by the process' that >tainb there smaah by my superior ree.of oapital the small dealers that mttre competition with me. The bolo country Is affeoted by this. uney is ehtirely t66dear. -feet n panters it9th1r Bdtb'iff'ai Fenty-five per cent, for the capital to ork their plantan.. nad. I the chief market for ootton, but she is every year extending her purchases in India and Egypt, and flually by manipulating the markets she will d.mago our cotton interests at the South irretrievably. Agricultural interests suffer in the same manner from this dearness of money. Eng. land will after awhile buy less of our agricultural staples. Capital is too dear, the cost of transportation too high, the taxeis too many and two crushing for our farmers. Same way with the manufacturing interests. Twenty years ago our firm in Rhode Island was one among twenty little ones, now we have the whole field to ourselves; but then we crushed out the others and are now engaged fight ing the big follows, until finally New England will have nothing but a small aggregation of enormous mono polis wielding a power dangerous to the State and to the liberties and happiness of the people. But think of all that money that goes into the Treasury being committed to the charge of a boy, formerly a seoretary of mine, whereas in Europe the most responsible men in the community are invariably selected for the duty of receiving and looking after the public funds. The Tr<-asury, above all things, should be jealousy guarded, and all its incomes and expenditures rerutinized with exceeding care, The New York Day Book is right in declaring that the party in power should be called mongrels. Their denial of race distinctions, and their consequent mougrelism in politics, is the fea ture that distinguish es them from all parties that have preceded theni in history. Their tendency undoubtedly is to destroy the virility of the white race in America by inoculating it with mongrelism. That accompliahed they can rule the continent easily and in definitely. The Fifteenth amendment to the Constitution is a long stride in that direction. The contemplated annexa tion of Cuba and iIayti is another. In regard to the latter project we shall not be snpprised to hear of its early consummation. A special to the St. Louis Repwbli can of the 7th, says of it: The House Committee on Foreign Affairs will report back at once Bank's resolution looking to the annexation of S.tn Domingo. Parties are here urging the measure very strongly, and, from, motives of interest not easily defined, in a political view, the Democrats will oppose the scheme, as being intended only to increas: negro representation in Congress. and add another million of dollars to the pub lie debt, the Dominican debt being that now.-fbilk 'i-ihune. Piti:u Ta.tu , oMOv eMaNwrs.-It in cue i)ns to notice how the sentimen. of the world oscillates in regard to the principles of free trade. It i; long iinee A dam Smith expounded the prin c:.-. .f national wealth; but while the cor' eetness of Smith's theory has been generally admitted nations have but slowly grown up to the high stan dard of conviction which enables them to reduce the theory to practice. Nor is it alwa.s s afii to conclude that boa cause a people have taken a ste? in favor of' free trade the step will not be retraced. It is gratifying to find at one and the same time thbat these p.rinciples are now iuiding favor In Ne w England, in Spain and in lFrance. The Spanish Finance Minister propo.. ses a gradual reduc'tion of all prohibi.. tory duties. A similar proposal has also been made in the French Corps Legislatif. The New lAnglanders, meanwhile, have established a reform league, the principal object of which is to advocate the principles of free trade. All these are encouraging signs, giving us reason to hope for better times. To buy in the cheapest and to sell in the dearest market are privileges whuich ought to be national as well as individual in their range. [AN. Y. )'lerald. Tanznn,s RArtnoAn rsas-rE.-e Friday, about 11 o'clock A. M., a terrible accident occurred to the train which left Hlunter's Point on the Long Island Rail Rload at 10.50Y A. M. for Northport. The engine, the "Thurlow Weed," had t wo- passenger cars attached, and a smoking and baggage car combined. Just after leaving Jlamaicri or rather when the train was nearing WVillow Tree, abont a mile and a half from the latter place, the end ear was thrown off the track in consequence of a broken rail, and si:< persons killed and eleven wounded. A London evaninag journal of con, siderable influence asserts that (Gen. Grant has "run mad!! on the Cuban gqoestion, and er presses tihe opinion that Eogl,and and Frane will unite in a declaration of wuar against us if 'Amnerios should ttempt to wrest Cabii from Spain,"lding that P'resI. dentAr(kant 'longaV' for foreign war, and knews that tl.feeling pevading thp minda.of th*Tgdon offioAals is one. of~ % dit W 'dau, and slo to. wards France, but euisting in a less dagrea In her caae.