Barnwell sentinel. (Barnwell C.H., S.C.) 185?-1925, January 11, 1917, Image 1
SIXTY FIFTH YEAR
V SIXTY FIFTH YEAR
dr*'*.
j-..u-.s.irixL, s. e.;t;jiyrsday. janualtv iithoi? t
Eighth of a Series of-Articles By Col. E. J. Watons
.. . , • * .* «• ■„. . ‘i!
Every Farm a Nitrate Bed and Fertilizer Factory.
Alabama Woman
Boil Weevil Expert Discussed the Cotton Pest and How
to Combat Him at Willlston Friday Evening- A
Special to The Sentinel.
'..Wjlliaton! Jan. 8—The Boll Weevil
Battle. This-was the-hfeart of an ex
cellent address bv A. .F; ConrAdi
<;jemson College before a .-representa
tive andieuce of business men and far-i
mers in Williston on Friday night. Dr
Conradi knows the boll weevil, not
only from the experience of others,
but also from his own experience as a
farmer in the heart of the. boll* weevil
district of Texas. He said, that he was
willing to sell his farm fpr amere
fraction of it* value when the weevil
first stripped it. But that it was .ypj,
iiow for sale, nor had been for ten
years, and the weevil Trad been-with
them every yehr. Tbeftiad won’their
battle with the cotton pest,
n 4 Tq puf tlie_inatt-r sguti re 1 y a* judged
fr-.oin cCndfktiOtS of raiIlfjTTTT SttTl llflBl*
lir -climatic eoiiiliti-ona elseWhvr^.
Barnwell dounty bids fair to be among 1
the best breeding grounds for’ the 1 esc
"that eoiild be chi.-■ ■ u by i\. 1 o in -t
unless- the -uU.-i
everybody’. *v in
asfrous results in
ft -.tt^S tlHtl lir- 1 r. w
it very Slow 1 in getting down to bu'ii-
r-ess.' Another " av t.d give it as much
trouble as possible is to d.eprivfe‘? A it of
winter quarters.,, It was estimated that
<jo]ton that was made by July 20th, Of
each ve|r would mature. But bolls
maturing after that d.ate was a doubt*
--ful proposition. It, was therefore wiser
to cutdbwft and burn all cotton stalks,
grass in'fields that could possibly give
a winter/shelter to the weevil. All
ditch binks must be cleared up and
burnt to the ground, In short the
weevil! must be exposed to'the wintere
cold with hothiirg-betweeh him and the
bare ground The Object of this is’ to
kiH:Qtit as many as possible! so that it
wilFhave as small a?fcart in the spring
as possible. W hen ^spring opens, the
farmer who raises col,ton has a face
■with, the w. j *»cil r,I s; ■ ^ivhindi 1 cet t
the'e+ittoii first. The
ered by the c »ol nights of spring
a <l is a little slnw irr getting his iainily
‘•.V legume crop fuyevery acre every
year” will enable all farmers/ except
.truck growers, to cut out purchases
*expcnsive nitrogen a jtfil b u i I <f up.Iheir
L/1 k ik VI 1 IViy J uv
Warning to Barnwell County
Farmers. Mrs. G. H. Mathis Delivers Splendid
Address at Court House Tuesday Morning." .
soils to higfieK fertility thaibwhen thev
were reclaimed from the forest prim
eval !... . ~ .
How then is the farmer to build up his
soils in this wav and at the same.time!
make a better living than he is now get
ting? This letter is the answer, and
there is no statement in it that cannot
be verified under actual farm condt-
tions in South Carolina. ,,-
In last week’s letter I told yon how
and why the crops of the great pea
famdy, as the legumes are known,
through the agency of gertiis or bac>
teria in the galls or nodules on tl:e|r
roots can obt“in all the nitrogen from
^ the atmosphere that 'they require "for
insect is grea tlT ^^ droVvrh fibd maturity, when pf@P
others. It is a slow process to bui d
up thin lands with cow peas, in the ali
enee of plenty of lime and numerous
fficletii M^ferW, s ich"S^ th.e" Depart-"
ment of Agriculture supplies to farm
ers, for as explained in earlier letters,
numerous efficient bacteria Oanno^-.ex-
ist in sour soils. Moderate acidity
causes a slowing up iq their multipli
cation, and a lowering of their ability
to ’’fix” nitrogen from the Soil air,
"y • * . /
With well-limed soil, and well inocu
latedseed, thcre-is a large increase in’
^he^crop, sometimes mounting to 100
percent. By harvesting half bf the
crop ay hay, and. chopping up and
turning ufider thF~batance, providing
a large,amount of humus high in nito-
gsn. the improvent of the condition of
the soil will be reflected jnjl large in-
p,roYria.mi,pf M,p» fianriition nf .ihr. jail
t\" r t i
y» pxp cl nr-rt
,to tl.iif in many
irifn-tcJ. We are
d-'Tea ted rfi ill * t) i - u i a ::n ‘JT-tr i b-- s - an-*—i
grasp tlte extent***? the' t-.-k -b for.u j
Tl«* loss oc»asi itu d; by tlrp vn -'v l-s.
that its activities dr; rice’the farmer' >f
•-m. ttiy a bafoof yotiitn. that but for, the
' weevil he would gather. - But if
through panic, or di-courngt'iuent the
average farmer should,give up- cotton
culture and put his form on the mar*
. ket for-a mere fraction of its value,
then, we would suffer not only from^the
weevil, but also from depreciated farm
value#. There is no wise reason why
we should become panic stricken. At
1 one time the potato bug threatened the
-extinction of the entire potato crop of
this country. But be was conquered
Bjr’Parii green. At a later time the
Ban Joee scale bid fair to destroy 6ur
prospects as a fruit growing people but
^the remedy was found for that too. No
problem'is too great for solution, and
at some day the boll weevil will be
: -mastered, but in the meanttme^wr
................. - get along with it, and ufe fhe
msthodvo^control which have proved
successful elsewhere. We are fortu
nate in that we have the experience to
"juuiliauj^iiiuifjtniu
hearers that unwise diversification., dftl
n almost as much harm as the weevil.
We cannot grow any and everything
* pr fitably, Elut. must fii.dLwhat V\e can
grow safely, aud experiment on tale.
M ;
The boll weevil and its habits have
' been carefully studied until all of its
history has been tirimed inside out. It
has its ups ahd dovVuis. and the progres-
WfPi'fanTTPr tries to gi ve as many hard-
BpQUt
Inaiul -lie
tifully suppbed with liodut?
will be reflected in a large increase of
(*oU,*‘ Cjii'Oitly it is cot uiitil
J*br'Ur■ in Bamvv■ lUount-y
*
jrtli gcei-rati.oii
tries io to.i‘hi :
i i tw * .vpeus
v - . ----■ - — j
'•i.dii this we inv,-' first gi t
Hie m» ! .’by preparing !.!• .
deep plii-ubrg—Flo I.lnnts
s-itije.-ainl .uses the curly
Hrrities of cotton. Here he-
uided -by. exoerien-ce rather
the crop that follow^, whatever it may.
If oats and vetch arc then planted
, ,, ^ 3 , where the.peayint*, were turned under
fi'rmi'r letters, I hstve also tnLu .. . .. ,■ ■ ,
——, - . • I tliere-is a-Tutbcr it brease -oT- Phe free
j you that where noils are acul, and ue-
Jt ma t tt- r. - d-4# ■ iiu-pos-
Several hundred earnest and inter
ested farmers* and professional men
representing every nook and corner of
BarliweT 1 dduEfty gatlieretTin tfjecourt
house at Barnwetl Tuesday morning to
attend a boP^weevil conference held
under the auspices .of the Bank of Wes
tern Carolina and if one can judge from
the! remarks heard at the close of the
meeting the seed was vown ou fertile
ground and gives promfse of a rich
harvest. - * ~*t —
The meeting vyas called to order by
P. M. Buckingham, manager of the
Barnwell branch of the Bank of Wes
tern Carolina, who requested H. M.
Dioble of Aiken, president of the bank,
to preside. In explaining the interest
that the bar.k is taking in preparing
the farmers for the coining of the boll
lf a,ril ^ Tr ri-apdi" i.lnl mA ♦*,.!> hrn
fief can fife-gut ton by picking the wee
vils from-the plaiUSi this only during
the first-dew months Mter the invar-
ion.' *
1 •„ •«. - - . - N .'
In describing conditions in Alabama —
Mrs. Mathis said that 150,000 p»n«i« -
are on the verge of starvation,
on only one meal a day. apd that
pie have been moving away from
infested areas aq ropidly that 20 coun
ties in Mississippi are ahnoit depopu
lated. r
As kn ^nstauce of the devastat oo
wrought by the pest she cited states
nients that in sjme sections of Alabama
it required from 45 to 66 acres of lan<f
to grow one bale of cotion. Banks re-
sqse credit* to all who failed or refused^*’
to grow food and feedinuff* sufficient
for their owji needs and only six acre*
tif fiiltiin t» thtt niiilfi..-
thirds of th“ directors-of the Bau-k of
Western Ciirolina l.ve on farms and
. , ; , j you that
must be led. *.
cotton well i ' ll
dd bull- by ! 8rWv
g imps or rf -toil robbing
full ben "fit of (In
r of bacter a a_~ the.se mi-
cr.)-i‘:Vj^!tr nc.uis to tic 1 iarmer tl-u not
a ul eaihiot tTirive i11 soirr -oi!s.
harv* sled f-+r- fo»’ igg f>ai arrtl vctdi
; hay make, h ‘‘h ilanced ration” for farm
pea vi lies
been an
V
w r
that hundreds of "farmers are custom-,
ers of the wmrioiH- branches. From this
it can be readily mm that-the interests
of the bauks ami the farm rs are clo-i *
WfPttr* 7 ~ ~ 1 ---—.—
MrV DiIib'e 'OfcnJ'nf ro! ifeed Mrs (
11. Matins of Alabama ;vh i is Ii ti s If
i -prac i«u larjii'T qml or e " ho, hav
ing expericiivo i the hard* li ps that
t h-an- a 11 v t r i s e meit t s.
is to select,
from Mrs own fields, seen
Tram "those stalks which give a good’
yield and mature.early, in this way
he is taking no risk tsxtb his own local
conditions, and can better develop the
seed needed for hip lands. The race is
thru betweeu the youug-cotton Kud the
weevil, and the cotton must be pushed
for all it is worth. ? .
If it Was true that anybody
could make cotton in Barnwell county,
that day is past when the boll weevil
comes. The insect started aroqnd
t Monclova. Mexico. Although the Mon-
ciova' 'Indians have during the past
forty’ years tried repeatedly-to grow;
cotton, yet they have signally flailed.
■Primiti ve methods cannot succeed with
this pciL Every edge must he turned
against -the weevil. Therefpre it is Crue
that the
tnitrogi-n in the smL but tlicrc wilLstill
Some oi the cgum^s, particularly ibe f*.': ... -
, h J .__^4be adack^fJiiimus By '‘pJ.sntTjrg tins
in-, . o. cow pea, vetches, velvet ,b«aua, crim-i.. .. • . , . , .
? His safost plan i ’ , ’ T I to Abruzzi ry e and vetch or clover, or
son clover and lespodeza. are known “
Cow pea, ve.telies, velvet. h.-aus,
as
“acid tolefant” crops. That is to say,
they will make a faafgrowth iu solla
that are so sour that red clover or al
falfa would not make profitable growth
untiLthe soils were plentifully supplied
wTtlTtime.^ , IT • 7
While the* crops named are *‘acTd-
tolerant,” this does not mean thatthey
will make bumper yieldg-Pn sour soi4s,
but can survive acid conditions
majee a mdre or less satisTactory
if, however, the soils were sweetened
with marl or linrestone, the same crops n—— *•?*■“*•
under the same conditions^ would give handled properly, there will be no
so much a larger yield that the in
crease would pay for the marl or lime-
stone and its hauling and distribution
the firbt season^ and for four- years at
least the farmer would continue to re-
. ceive prottnr, annuallr increasing/ from
f.rmer who wilyut wUpt' , he m art application.
himself ttr-bott-wevil conditions is
fighting a losing, batth.
-4- r
shl^M tb his enemy''as possible. The
pest stands no chance of success unless
the farmer really does it many a help
ing turn god kindness. He thrives
best in ~ the/jame weather conditions
that help, cotton, to grow. A cotton
boll two weeks old. is practically im-
mune to its appetite, but he dearly
loves the eotton squares. Into which
while protected by its t^ree leave he
? rei
and seals it
up Again. This egg .natenes in three
'days, and the young insect begins to
(pnke lure that that particular square
-will never produce a boll. In a short
time it falls to the earth. Herein lies
one,of the means of control. The in
sect although tropical and needing
tropical conditions cannot stand the
hot sun. If therefore the rows are rbn
north sr.d south so that ithe full heat
of the summer sun will- fall on this
Tkllen square the weevil finds that its
■The situation summed .up is this. At
present itisa reasonably sure fact that
not a siiigle weevil lias yet crossed the^
.Savannah n,ver. Althinjgh be r« m
Burke county on 'the opposite aide' of
the river.y Tt rrprobable tliat a good
crop can behmade this year, and per
haps next year. If winter conditions
are severe it may.be frozen back for
seventy miles. But it 4s surejy-vioming
sod must bo met succesafully. This has
therefore, a necessity 'in South Caro-
lina, whore the soils are generally sour
and ‘•lime deficient” iaorder to obtain
even Abruzzi rve ftlojiC, ^there will lie
flue, winter grazing and fif not grazed
oocloielyl a considerable aniopnt of
green rn^nufe to SurB uoder. thus pro
viding fresh deesjt^ ,
Now, if cotton be plafited after the
green manure crop L js turned, under,
and a vetch rye cover ilrop be-eiowed
after the cotton stalks ha~ve been de
stroyed, Which will out off .food aqppUts
ffi^ny boll weevils, and therefore
reduce their numbers, when this crop
is *0ftie4 under in the spring. And
need of ammonia or nitrates to make »
bumper crop
If corn is planted after the vetcli-rye
rith a
half a
bushel to a bushel of cbw peas to, .the
middles; the corn alone being harvested
the remainder-being-gat up and turned
green manure crop is .turned,
velvet bean at each hi.IT. and
under, there will be no lack of nitrogen
the following t'yeax for any standard
erop. Bacteria wj^-^aveMgathered
: \ " \
-
follow lhe invasion of the cotton pest
is devotmg u Iwr^e part of her tiiiiciti
In a plain unvarnished manner she
tohl of incidents of which she was vi
tally eoncenit d to trrov> the truth of
her Htatement that the SouUi is facing
i t- mu-t -eriiuis si to iati* *u since the War
Bivtweep live Secti uiSa The big job,
she' said, i? in cr*‘«ting public *en!i-
m.-nt and ixr this*' ttrr* iicWspapers play”
■ Ta large flint. I
• Tits. i>* tali; juratnntcon8b«|
tlie effects of the
r she also give
advice as to
pie to a realizHtion of the terrible con
dition of affairspthat they must tage
sonoer or later. '
*‘ThC“boll weevil is everybody’# job/’
said Mrs. Mathis. “Not only 1 does it
concern the farmer but is a problem
that town people and: country people
alike must try to solve, the two classes
working together for their mutual
benefit. ^ —-■
In the course of her remarks the
a determined effort to arnnae the peo-. _me ^ ,( for combatrin^ the pest, The
growing of food and feedstuffs is the
only sensible way,Jlie said, atid cited
The fact! tEat South Carolina sends
away $75,000,000* year for these pro
ducts alone when m » matter of fact
they can be grown very profitably here.
. MffJfAtbilJojiJher audicpcw that
the people of Alabama have made
great strides in growing their own sop-
plies, having cut down the amount
imports in the last year by $60,000,000.
Aaotiier great help in the fight
likened the boil weevil to death in that
it is bound to come whether it is want-1*** 10 ** the weevil is the raising of hags
ed or not
Whether or not the weevil will cover
South Carolina in 1917 is problematical,
-said Mrs. Mathis, depending almost
entirely on weather conditions. They
swarm in August Jike bees. If the
high l winds are blowing , they have
been known 4o travel as many as 900
miles in a season. The usual rate of
jspefdis iiQ-aw*
- The members of the Barnwell Bar, the Tm'tnbers of
the grand jury, the memberg.of the Barnwell county dele-
gaTion to the- general assembly, and the tax-payers of
Barnwell county are not only invited hut are urgently ire-
quested to attend u Tax Payees Meeting ta. bte lield. at the
Court Houae in Barnwell, Monday m or n ip gCJ a mi a ry 15 th',
at 11 o’clock.
the largest amount of nitrogen frpm
the air, and it should be hDpli^d on
licti
vraiim UFfflrrar-w-Kfivy: ■ Buvrf tm
farmer runs his rows sa gate-shelter
. . ’
the young weevil from the #tin he ma
terially assists, the development of his
enemy. ’ ,
In as much as the insect belongs to
the tropics it ,doeB not take kindly to
•cold weather. -Large^iumbers are
killed out by each winters frosts. But
.4* .■ - • 4. • 1 .
some will survive. Dr Conradi was of
the opinion as txased on conditions of
that about nine o
every hundred fer
ine of every h
rviveVur. w.ini
vilB would 8tirvivpV>ur. winters, and be
' 11 r v next spring. Al-
been done elsewhere by superior culti
vation of cotton, some wise diversifica-
s. 9 s . ■ • ,
llqb with other profitable crops, by-
ffeezing ,it to death in winter, in de
priving it^winter quarters such as
g^astr-beambfos and other cover, by al
lowing the rows to run north and south
I j burn up in whileun the boll, and ex
pose to the summer heat,
--The weevils in their various'stages
were shown in a glass tube and were
an object of deep curiosity to Those who
had never seen ^ them before. But
among those who crowded around was
• Tou ,J 8 who for se.verkl years had I peanuts, soy or velvet beans are to be
been , raising cottoq i^> Southwest rplanted in ,the crop.
Georgia,,_.7Alt®. p * brief glance as. if he Where the application is made on
expected to lee.something, terrible he a small grain crop, either peanuts v co w
handed it back with this jeontemptous peas, soy or velvet ^eans should fo’low.
remark/* Pshaw ! I’ve seenjhose things Both the peanut and soy bean will in
by the batTull in Georgia, Pm going future, cut a very much bigger flgffre
home to bed.’Q » in South Carolina as cash cropsr both
~~ bcimr well adgpted~ati 8CTbstttate¥~fnr
™5Tcotion. Cotton^eed"^innUUrare^ow
r~*
1, Small grain to be follovled by &
legume. —'
2. On’cotton lands where a legume
cover crop is to be planted, and
3* On corn land|, where cow peas..
“ J Enciosea nn4 cneck to renew
■ubseriDtion. to January 1918 ’ writes a I arranging to make such alterations of
subscriber from Fairfax^ Continuing j equipment as are necessary in order to
he wrote: • I am glad andTielieve that I'crush these crops for oil and meal, so
they will, not duplicate the experience
Of many oil mills in boll weevil terri
tory and be fpreed to shut down for
lack of cotton seed/
all your subscribers who want your
pabef and intend to pay for itjare glad
that you have adopted the cash in ad
vance basis. It is just as easy to pay
these small accounts at one time*as
another, but unlyss your readers are
educated tp do _ this, ^ecessarily-^ytm
jl.l 1 toil* mAaatAdttTtrrAig s sulaagjifaM
7 ' ■■■ ; ' ' fOW PEAS.
The‘cow pea has a lower
1111-1111™^
bine re»
I am free in saying that not only you, I gutn£, arid a somewhat lower nitrogen
hat yqur.subsgribej.a--»’-iJl--hc...d.slighted|content- thait peanuts, soy or velvet
with the plan before many months | beans. Relatively,-■♦•h« cow pea will
ample supplies of nitrogen^from the
air/as they have since the first plant
grew, and as the roots, stubble, or
whole plant decays in the soil, oth»r
nitrogen-fixing bacteria*fiuding-hr the
hbmus ample food supplies, will ’ fix”
additional amounts of nitrogen from
the air.
Thus, in two years, a farmer.ean get
vaj^entirelj from the necessity of
buying ammbnia or nitrates. Nobody
goes broke buying pkophorus. With
raw phosphates, very, finely ground,
selling At from $7.75 to $12.00 ,per ton,
and qqickiy available jn soils rich in
m
1 Jflngu nun luffard aennamak
fertility will hhve been taken.
Next week 1 will write of' "Peannts
and Soy Beans as Cash Crops.” —
E. J. Watson,
Commissioner. Dept, of Agriculture.
No intimation will be given of the
boll weevel’s p'r<*3ence in a field of cut
ton until the plant is ready to bloom,
sins said. She has veen 100 acre fields of
cotton without a single bloom.
•‘When this condition arises,” said
Mr# Mathis, “the Qnly thing to do is to
quit planting, as only temporary re-
The speaker displayed several ch§ris
to il .ostraia bow cheaply moat can ba
produced at home by she use of a pas-
ture. The farmers_ ot her State, she
said, have discovered the value of pop
corn and to/ beaus as a ration for
hogs. ** , N
I The speaker was interrupted several
times oy the applause of her iie'afer*
greeted with prolonged applause / -
CoU Harry D. Calhoun, president of
t,ie «f Ba>nWell, thanked
Mrs Mathis uijbehalf of the people of
the county for her.splendi,d address/
Two other speakers were down ou the
program but they were unable to at
tend.
ENGINEER HENRY PETIT —
RILLED IN SEABSARD WRECK
TRUSTEES AND TEACHERS
T8 MEET HERE SATURDAY/
Eflflne of Seaboard Trail Taras Over. Ne
gro fireaae Suffers Serious lojurles \
- Baggsgeasstcr uod Conductor Hurt.
Fairfax, Jan. 7.^-Beaboard Air Line
passenger train No. 7 going south known
as the *Ftamingo Fiver,” between
New Yorkond Jacksonville, was wreck
ed at Suhofleid at 7:35 o’clock this
morning when Engineer Henry Petit
vyas fatally injured and the negro, flre-
m in, James Campbell, was eeriously
hurt. J. E, Anderson, baggage mas
ter, and E. H. Rhodes, conductor,
were slightly bruised about the face.
The injured engineer and fire man were
taken to Columbia early this afternoon
to a hospital, accompanied by l)r W
R. Tuteu of Fairfax, who iri response to
a telephone call went to the scene of
the wreck soon afterjt occured
Thy pause ofthe wreok has, not' been
Th^re will be a joint meeting of the
teichers and'trustees of the county at
the High 8chool building here Saturn
day January 13th. TAP attractive pro-
atiToid are iiisured h pleasant and profi
table .norning. The .teachers and
pupils of Wil|i»'t n High School Will
do better on sour-soilS'than any of the serve refreshments, without charge.
UBllUlfljUM. ffie train spht* at tne
switch gate, the engine And express enr
keeping the main line, while the com
bination car and the cars following
took the side track, which resulted in
fhe express car being jerke# across the
maiu line, the engine turning 'over on
the siding. The combinaton car quit
the siding aiid plunged into a field
Joist Sessiaa of Trustees auA.Tcachm ef
Barawel Ceraty WW Be Hell fiet* !
' \ Saturday Moruiug. -
A jalnt session oT
THe
trustees aad~
teachers of Barnwell county * will be
held in the auditorium ^f the Higb^
School building nexif Saturday morn*
ing begining at 11:30 o’clock. A large
somber of trustees and teaeheri are
e| pee ted. The teachers and pupils of
the WillLtm Hign Scho »1 will serve
lunch. Tfie program arranged is at
follows:
Music.
' Livocatfnn. IIRI HH
* Choru* by High school girls.
The Raiailooe-rand Duties of the
Teacher to the Trustee by M. B 8el<^
The Relation of the Trustees^ to the
Teacher, and- " *
try Z fc. Maddeu. anti "A. H. NififltelB.
E#q-. - -
Mn i.c, chorus.-,
Address, Dr W. M.* Jones.
M'JSiCi
^Address, Prof Patterson Ward’aw.
Budi.e-s sea*ion. <
the
A
front end- of the
and
following the combinatton car ......
thos>* under the dinintj* car were
crushed. bu« t e three PuHinku cararel
liiaiued bo the 'track"; Two wrecking
trains, one from each end of the line,
sodeep that j were soon at the scene and began els hr-
car was burird. i g the track, pasMg’* at that point be-
4^4 tfcO^UbliiihMd^JhoHt 8 .q’c1'k»1i to*
- 'nm
night.
--1. ■r...
li Durrbai-b . Etlentgn waa-ia the
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