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SIXTY FIFTH YEAR V SIXTY FIFTH YEAR dr*'*. j-..u-.s.irixL, s. e.;t;jiyrsday. janualtv iithoi? t Eighth of a Series of-Articles By Col. E. J. Watons .. . , • * .* «• ■„. . ‘i! Every Farm a Nitrate Bed and Fertilizer Factory. Alabama Woman Boil Weevil Expert Discussed the Cotton Pest and How to Combat Him at Willlston Friday Evening- A Special to The Sentinel. '..Wjlliaton! Jan. 8—The Boll Weevil Battle. This-was the-hfeart of an ex cellent address bv A. .F; ConrAdi <;jemson College before a .-representa tive andieuce of business men and far-i mers in Williston on Friday night. Dr Conradi knows the boll weevil, not only from the experience of others, but also from his own experience as a farmer in the heart of the. boll* weevil district of Texas. He said, that he was willing to sell his farm fpr amere fraction of it* value when the weevil first stripped it. But that it was .ypj, iiow for sale, nor had been for ten years, and the weevil Trad been-with them every yehr. Tbeftiad won’their battle with the cotton pest, n 4 Tq puf tlie_inatt-r sguti re 1 y a* judged fr-.oin cCndfktiOtS of raiIlfjTTTT SttTl llflBl* lir -climatic eoiiiliti-ona elseWhvr^. Barnwell dounty bids fair to be among 1 the best breeding grounds for’ the 1 esc "that eoiild be chi.-■ ■ u by i\. 1 o in -t unless- the -uU.-i everybody’. *v in asfrous results in ft -.tt^S tlHtl lir- 1 r. w it very Slow 1 in getting down to bu'ii- r-ess.' Another " av t.d give it as much trouble as possible is to d.eprivfe‘? A it of winter quarters.,, It was estimated that <jo]ton that was made by July 20th, Of each ve|r would mature. But bolls maturing after that d.ate was a doubt* --ful proposition. It, was therefore wiser to cutdbwft and burn all cotton stalks, grass in'fields that could possibly give a winter/shelter to the weevil. All ditch binks must be cleared up and burnt to the ground, In short the weevil! must be exposed to'the wintere cold with hothiirg-betweeh him and the bare ground The Object of this is’ to kiH:Qtit as many as possible! so that it wilFhave as small a?fcart in the spring as possible. W hen ^spring opens, the farmer who raises col,ton has a face ■with, the w. j *»cil r,I s; ■ ^ivhindi 1 cet t the'e+ittoii first. The ered by the c »ol nights of spring a <l is a little slnw irr getting his iainily ‘•.V legume crop fuyevery acre every year” will enable all farmers/ except .truck growers, to cut out purchases *expcnsive nitrogen a jtfil b u i I <f up.Iheir L/1 k ik VI 1 IViy J uv Warning to Barnwell County Farmers. Mrs. G. H. Mathis Delivers Splendid Address at Court House Tuesday Morning." . soils to higfieK fertility thaibwhen thev were reclaimed from the forest prim eval !... . ~ . How then is the farmer to build up his soils in this wav and at the same.time! make a better living than he is now get ting? This letter is the answer, and there is no statement in it that cannot be verified under actual farm condt- tions in South Carolina. ,,- In last week’s letter I told yon how and why the crops of the great pea famdy, as the legumes are known, through the agency of gertiis or bac> teria in the galls or nodules on tl:e|r roots can obt“in all the nitrogen from ^ the atmosphere that 'they require "for insect is grea tlT ^^ droVvrh fibd maturity, when pf@P others. It is a slow process to bui d up thin lands with cow peas, in the ali enee of plenty of lime and numerous fficletii M^ferW, s ich"S^ th.e" Depart-" ment of Agriculture supplies to farm ers, for as explained in earlier letters, numerous efficient bacteria Oanno^-.ex- ist in sour soils. Moderate acidity causes a slowing up iq their multipli cation, and a lowering of their ability to ’’fix” nitrogen from the Soil air, "y • * . / With well-limed soil, and well inocu latedseed, thcre-is a large increase in’ ^he^crop, sometimes mounting to 100 percent. By harvesting half bf the crop ay hay, and. chopping up and turning ufider thF~batance, providing a large,amount of humus high in nito- gsn. the improvent of the condition of the soil will be reflected jnjl large in- p,roYria.mi,pf M,p» fianriition nf .ihr. jail t\" r t i y» pxp cl nr-rt ,to tl.iif in many irifn-tcJ. We are d-'Tea ted rfi ill * t) i - u i a ::n ‘JT-tr i b-- s - an-*—i grasp tlte extent***? the' t-.-k -b for.u j Tl«* loss oc»asi itu d; by tlrp vn -'v l-s. that its activities dr; rice’the farmer' >f •-m. ttiy a bafoof yotiitn. that but for, the ' weevil he would gather. - But if through panic, or di-courngt'iuent the average farmer should,give up- cotton culture and put his form on the mar* . ket for-a mere fraction of its value, then, we would suffer not only from^the weevil, but also from depreciated farm value#. There is no wise reason why we should become panic stricken. At 1 one time the potato bug threatened the -extinction of the entire potato crop of this country. But be was conquered Bjr’Parii green. At a later time the Ban Joee scale bid fair to destroy 6ur prospects as a fruit growing people but ^the remedy was found for that too. No problem'is too great for solution, and at some day the boll weevil will be : -mastered, but in the meanttme^wr ................. - get along with it, and ufe fhe msthodvo^control which have proved successful elsewhere. We are fortu nate in that we have the experience to "juuiliauj^iiiuifjtniu hearers that unwise diversification., dftl n almost as much harm as the weevil. We cannot grow any and everything * pr fitably, Elut. must fii.dLwhat V\e can grow safely, aud experiment on tale. M ; The boll weevil and its habits have ' been carefully studied until all of its history has been tirimed inside out. It has its ups ahd dovVuis. and the progres- WfPi'fanTTPr tries to gi ve as many hard- BpQUt Inaiul -lie tifully suppbed with liodut? will be reflected in a large increase of (*oU,*‘ Cjii'Oitly it is cot uiitil J*br'Ur■ in Bamvv■ lUount-y * jrtli gcei-rati.oii tries io to.i‘hi : i i tw * .vpeus v - . ----■ - — j '•i.dii this we inv,-' first gi t Hie m» ! .’by preparing !.!• . deep plii-ubrg—Flo I.lnnts s-itije.-ainl .uses the curly Hrrities of cotton. Here he- uided -by. exoerien-ce rather the crop that follow^, whatever it may. If oats and vetch arc then planted , ,, ^ 3 , where the.peayint*, were turned under fi'rmi'r letters, I hstve also tnLu .. . .. ,■ ■ , ——, - . • I tliere-is a-Tutbcr it brease -oT- Phe free j you that where noils are acul, and ue- Jt ma t tt- r. - d-4# ■ iiu-pos- Several hundred earnest and inter ested farmers* and professional men representing every nook and corner of BarliweT 1 dduEfty gatlieretTin tfjecourt house at Barnwetl Tuesday morning to attend a boP^weevil conference held under the auspices .of the Bank of Wes tern Carolina and if one can judge from the! remarks heard at the close of the meeting the seed was vown ou fertile ground and gives promfse of a rich harvest. - * ~*t — The meeting vyas called to order by P. M. Buckingham, manager of the Barnwell branch of the Bank of Wes tern Carolina, who requested H. M. Dioble of Aiken, president of the bank, to preside. In explaining the interest that the bar.k is taking in preparing the farmers for the coining of the boll lf a,ril ^ Tr ri-apdi" i.lnl mA ♦*,.!> hrn fief can fife-gut ton by picking the wee vils from-the plaiUSi this only during the first-dew months Mter the invar- ion.' * 1 •„ •«. - - . - N .' In describing conditions in Alabama — Mrs. Mathis said that 150,000 p»n«i« - are on the verge of starvation, on only one meal a day. apd that pie have been moving away from infested areas aq ropidly that 20 coun ties in Mississippi are ahnoit depopu lated. r As kn ^nstauce of the devastat oo wrought by the pest she cited states nients that in sjme sections of Alabama it required from 45 to 66 acres of lan<f to grow one bale of cotion. Banks re- sqse credit* to all who failed or refused^*’ to grow food and feedinuff* sufficient for their owji needs and only six acre* tif fiiltiin t» thtt niiilfi..- thirds of th“ directors-of the Bau-k of Western Ciirolina l.ve on farms and . , ; , j you that must be led. *. cotton well i ' ll dd bull- by ! 8rWv g imps or rf -toil robbing full ben "fit of (In r of bacter a a_~ the.se mi- cr.)-i‘:Vj^!tr nc.uis to tic 1 iarmer tl-u not a ul eaihiot tTirive i11 soirr -oi!s. harv* sled f-+r- fo»’ igg f>ai arrtl vctdi ; hay make, h ‘‘h ilanced ration” for farm pea vi lies been an V w r that hundreds of "farmers are custom-, ers of the wmrioiH- branches. From this it can be readily mm that-the interests of the bauks ami the farm rs are clo-i * WfPttr* 7 ~ ~ 1 ---—.— MrV DiIib'e 'OfcnJ'nf ro! ifeed Mrs ( 11. Matins of Alabama ;vh i is Ii ti s If i -prac i«u larjii'T qml or e " ho, hav ing expericiivo i the hard* li ps that t h-an- a 11 v t r i s e meit t s. is to select, from Mrs own fields, seen Tram "those stalks which give a good’ yield and mature.early, in this way he is taking no risk tsxtb his own local conditions, and can better develop the seed needed for hip lands. The race is thru betweeu the youug-cotton Kud the weevil, and the cotton must be pushed for all it is worth. ? . If it Was true that anybody could make cotton in Barnwell county, that day is past when the boll weevil comes. The insect started aroqnd t Monclova. Mexico. Although the Mon- ciova' 'Indians have during the past forty’ years tried repeatedly-to grow; cotton, yet they have signally flailed. ■Primiti ve methods cannot succeed with this pciL Every edge must he turned against -the weevil. Therefpre it is Crue that the tnitrogi-n in the smL but tlicrc wilLstill Some oi the cgum^s, particularly ibe f*.': ... - , h J .__^4be adack^fJiiimus By '‘pJ.sntTjrg tins in-, . o. cow pea, vetches, velvet ,b«aua, crim-i.. .. • . , . , . ? His safost plan i ’ , ’ T I to Abruzzi ry e and vetch or clover, or son clover and lespodeza. are known “ Cow pea, ve.telies, velvet. h.-aus, as “acid tolefant” crops. That is to say, they will make a faafgrowth iu solla that are so sour that red clover or al falfa would not make profitable growth untiLthe soils were plentifully supplied wTtlTtime.^ , IT • 7 While the* crops named are *‘acTd- tolerant,” this does not mean thatthey will make bumper yieldg-Pn sour soi4s, but can survive acid conditions majee a mdre or less satisTactory if, however, the soils were sweetened with marl or linrestone, the same crops n—— *•?*■“*• under the same conditions^ would give handled properly, there will be no so much a larger yield that the in crease would pay for the marl or lime- stone and its hauling and distribution the firbt season^ and for four- years at least the farmer would continue to re- . ceive prottnr, annuallr increasing/ from f.rmer who wilyut wUpt' , he m art application. himself ttr-bott-wevil conditions is fighting a losing, batth. -4- r shl^M tb his enemy''as possible. The pest stands no chance of success unless the farmer really does it many a help ing turn god kindness. He thrives best in ~ the/jame weather conditions that help, cotton, to grow. A cotton boll two weeks old. is practically im- mune to its appetite, but he dearly loves the eotton squares. Into which while protected by its t^ree leave he ? rei and seals it up Again. This egg .natenes in three 'days, and the young insect begins to (pnke lure that that particular square -will never produce a boll. In a short time it falls to the earth. Herein lies one,of the means of control. The in sect although tropical and needing tropical conditions cannot stand the hot sun. If therefore the rows are rbn north sr.d south so that ithe full heat of the summer sun will- fall on this Tkllen square the weevil finds that its ■The situation summed .up is this. At present itisa reasonably sure fact that not a siiigle weevil lias yet crossed the^ .Savannah n,ver. Althinjgh be r« m Burke county on 'the opposite aide' of the river.y Tt rrprobable tliat a good crop can behmade this year, and per haps next year. If winter conditions are severe it may.be frozen back for seventy miles. But it 4s surejy-vioming sod must bo met succesafully. This has therefore, a necessity 'in South Caro- lina, whore the soils are generally sour and ‘•lime deficient” iaorder to obtain even Abruzzi rve ftlojiC, ^there will lie flue, winter grazing and fif not grazed oocloielyl a considerable aniopnt of green rn^nufe to SurB uoder. thus pro viding fresh deesjt^ , Now, if cotton be plafited after the green manure crop L js turned, under, and a vetch rye cover ilrop be-eiowed after the cotton stalks ha~ve been de stroyed, Which will out off .food aqppUts ffi^ny boll weevils, and therefore reduce their numbers, when this crop is *0ftie4 under in the spring. And need of ammonia or nitrates to make » bumper crop If corn is planted after the vetcli-rye rith a half a bushel to a bushel of cbw peas to, .the middles; the corn alone being harvested the remainder-being-gat up and turned green manure crop is .turned, velvet bean at each hi.IT. and under, there will be no lack of nitrogen the following t'yeax for any standard erop. Bacteria wj^-^aveMgathered : \ " \ - follow lhe invasion of the cotton pest is devotmg u Iwr^e part of her tiiiiciti In a plain unvarnished manner she tohl of incidents of which she was vi tally eoncenit d to trrov> the truth of her Htatement that the SouUi is facing i t- mu-t -eriiuis si to iati* *u since the War Bivtweep live Secti uiSa The big job, she' said, i? in cr*‘«ting public *en!i- m.-nt and ixr this*' ttrr* iicWspapers play” ■ Ta large flint. I • Tits. i>* tali; juratnntcon8b«| tlie effects of the r she also give advice as to pie to a realizHtion of the terrible con dition of affairspthat they must tage sonoer or later. ' *‘ThC“boll weevil is everybody’# job/’ said Mrs. Mathis. “Not only 1 does it concern the farmer but is a problem that town people and: country people alike must try to solve, the two classes working together for their mutual benefit. ^ —-■ In the course of her remarks the a determined effort to arnnae the peo-. _me ^ ,( for combatrin^ the pest, The growing of food and feedstuffs is the only sensible way,Jlie said, atid cited The fact! tEat South Carolina sends away $75,000,000* year for these pro ducts alone when m » matter of fact they can be grown very profitably here. . MffJfAtbilJojiJher audicpcw that the people of Alabama have made great strides in growing their own sop- plies, having cut down the amount imports in the last year by $60,000,000. Aaotiier great help in the fight likened the boil weevil to death in that it is bound to come whether it is want-1*** 10 ** the weevil is the raising of hags ed or not Whether or not the weevil will cover South Carolina in 1917 is problematical, -said Mrs. Mathis, depending almost entirely on weather conditions. They swarm in August Jike bees. If the high l winds are blowing , they have been known 4o travel as many as 900 miles in a season. The usual rate of jspefdis iiQ-aw* - The members of the Barnwell Bar, the Tm'tnbers of the grand jury, the memberg.of the Barnwell county dele- gaTion to the- general assembly, and the tax-payers of Barnwell county are not only invited hut are urgently ire- quested to attend u Tax Payees Meeting ta. bte lield. at the Court Houae in Barnwell, Monday m or n ip gCJ a mi a ry 15 th', at 11 o’clock. the largest amount of nitrogen frpm the air, and it should be hDpli^d on licti vraiim UFfflrrar-w-Kfivy: ■ Buvrf tm farmer runs his rows sa gate-shelter . . ’ the young weevil from the #tin he ma terially assists, the development of his enemy. ’ , In as much as the insect belongs to the tropics it ,doeB not take kindly to •cold weather. -Large^iumbers are killed out by each winters frosts. But .4* .■ - • 4. • 1 . some will survive. Dr Conradi was of the opinion as txased on conditions of that about nine o every hundred fer ine of every h rviveVur. w.ini vilB would 8tirvivpV>ur. winters, and be ' 11 r v next spring. Al- been done elsewhere by superior culti vation of cotton, some wise diversifica- s. 9 s . ■ • , llqb with other profitable crops, by- ffeezing ,it to death in winter, in de priving it^winter quarters such as g^astr-beambfos and other cover, by al lowing the rows to run north and south I j burn up in whileun the boll, and ex pose to the summer heat, --The weevils in their various'stages were shown in a glass tube and were an object of deep curiosity to Those who had never seen ^ them before. But among those who crowded around was • Tou ,J 8 who for se.verkl years had I peanuts, soy or velvet beans are to be been , raising cottoq i^> Southwest rplanted in ,the crop. Georgia,,_.7Alt®. p * brief glance as. if he Where the application is made on expected to lee.something, terrible he a small grain crop, either peanuts v co w handed it back with this jeontemptous peas, soy or velvet ^eans should fo’low. remark/* Pshaw ! I’ve seenjhose things Both the peanut and soy bean will in by the batTull in Georgia, Pm going future, cut a very much bigger flgffre home to bed.’Q » in South Carolina as cash cropsr both ~~ bcimr well adgpted~ati 8CTbstttate¥~fnr ™5Tcotion. Cotton^eed"^innUUrare^ow r~* 1, Small grain to be follovled by & legume. —' 2. On’cotton lands where a legume cover crop is to be planted, and 3* On corn land|, where cow peas.. “ J Enciosea nn4 cneck to renew ■ubseriDtion. to January 1918 ’ writes a I arranging to make such alterations of subscriber from Fairfax^ Continuing j equipment as are necessary in order to he wrote: • I am glad andTielieve that I'crush these crops for oil and meal, so they will, not duplicate the experience Of many oil mills in boll weevil terri tory and be fpreed to shut down for lack of cotton seed/ all your subscribers who want your pabef and intend to pay for itjare glad that you have adopted the cash in ad vance basis. It is just as easy to pay these small accounts at one time*as another, but unlyss your readers are educated tp do _ this, ^ecessarily-^ytm jl.l 1 toil* mAaatAdttTtrrAig s sulaagjifaM 7 ' ■■■ ; ' ' fOW PEAS. The‘cow pea has a lower 1111-1111™^ bine re» I am free in saying that not only you, I gutn£, arid a somewhat lower nitrogen hat yqur.subsgribej.a--»’-iJl--hc...d.slighted|content- thait peanuts, soy or velvet with the plan before many months | beans. Relatively,-■♦•h« cow pea will ample supplies of nitrogen^from the air/as they have since the first plant grew, and as the roots, stubble, or whole plant decays in the soil, oth»r nitrogen-fixing bacteria*fiuding-hr the hbmus ample food supplies, will ’ fix” additional amounts of nitrogen from the air. Thus, in two years, a farmer.ean get vaj^entirelj from the necessity of buying ammbnia or nitrates. Nobody goes broke buying pkophorus. With raw phosphates, very, finely ground, selling At from $7.75 to $12.00 ,per ton, and qqickiy available jn soils rich in m 1 Jflngu nun luffard aennamak fertility will hhve been taken. Next week 1 will write of' "Peannts and Soy Beans as Cash Crops.” — E. J. Watson, Commissioner. Dept, of Agriculture. No intimation will be given of the boll weevel’s p'r<*3ence in a field of cut ton until the plant is ready to bloom, sins said. She has veen 100 acre fields of cotton without a single bloom. •‘When this condition arises,” said Mr# Mathis, “the Qnly thing to do is to quit planting, as only temporary re- The speaker displayed several ch§ris to il .ostraia bow cheaply moat can ba produced at home by she use of a pas- ture. The farmers_ ot her State, she said, have discovered the value of pop corn and to/ beaus as a ration for hogs. ** , N I The speaker was interrupted several times oy the applause of her iie'afer* greeted with prolonged applause / - CoU Harry D. Calhoun, president of t,ie «f Ba>nWell, thanked Mrs Mathis uijbehalf of the people of the county for her.splendi,d address/ Two other speakers were down ou the program but they were unable to at tend. ENGINEER HENRY PETIT — RILLED IN SEABSARD WRECK TRUSTEES AND TEACHERS T8 MEET HERE SATURDAY/ Eflflne of Seaboard Trail Taras Over. Ne gro fireaae Suffers Serious lojurles \ - Baggsgeasstcr uod Conductor Hurt. Fairfax, Jan. 7.^-Beaboard Air Line passenger train No. 7 going south known as the *Ftamingo Fiver,” between New Yorkond Jacksonville, was wreck ed at Suhofleid at 7:35 o’clock this morning when Engineer Henry Petit vyas fatally injured and the negro, flre- m in, James Campbell, was eeriously hurt. J. E, Anderson, baggage mas ter, and E. H. Rhodes, conductor, were slightly bruised about the face. The injured engineer and fire man were taken to Columbia early this afternoon to a hospital, accompanied by l)r W R. Tuteu of Fairfax, who iri response to a telephone call went to the scene of the wreck soon afterjt occured Thy pause ofthe wreok has, not' been Th^re will be a joint meeting of the teichers and'trustees of the county at the High 8chool building here Saturn day January 13th. TAP attractive pro- atiToid are iiisured h pleasant and profi table .norning. The .teachers and pupils of Wil|i»'t n High School Will do better on sour-soilS'than any of the serve refreshments, without charge. UBllUlfljUM. ffie train spht* at tne switch gate, the engine And express enr keeping the main line, while the com bination car and the cars following took the side track, which resulted in fhe express car being jerke# across the maiu line, the engine turning 'over on the siding. The combinaton car quit the siding aiid plunged into a field Joist Sessiaa of Trustees auA.Tcachm ef Barawel Ceraty WW Be Hell fiet* ! ' \ Saturday Moruiug. - A jalnt session oT THe trustees aad~ teachers of Barnwell county * will be held in the auditorium ^f the Higb^ School building nexif Saturday morn* ing begining at 11:30 o’clock. A large somber of trustees and teaeheri are e| pee ted. The teachers and pupils of the WillLtm Hign Scho »1 will serve lunch. Tfie program arranged is at follows: Music. ' Livocatfnn. IIRI HH * Choru* by High school girls. The Raiailooe-rand Duties of the Teacher to the Trustee by M. B 8el<^ The Relation of the Trustees^ to the Teacher, and- " * try Z fc. Maddeu. anti "A. H. NififltelB. E#q-. - - Mn i.c, chorus.-, Address, Dr W. M.* Jones. M'JSiCi ^Address, Prof Patterson Ward’aw. Budi.e-s sea*ion. < the A front end- of the and following the combinatton car ...... thos>* under the dinintj* car were crushed. bu« t e three PuHinku cararel liiaiued bo the 'track"; Two wrecking trains, one from each end of the line, sodeep that j were soon at the scene and began els hr- car was burird. i g the track, pasMg’* at that point be- 4^4 tfcO^UbliiihMd^JhoHt 8 .q’c1'k»1i to* - 'nm night. --1. ■r... li Durrbai-b . Etlentgn waa-ia the m bu»iuee| the first of the