Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TIE WEEKLYMI|HIOI TIMES - DmHed U MortiouUme, D^mmtic Economy, PMH th* Current N?sct oj tho Day. VOL. XXIV.?NEW SERIES. UNION C. H? SOUTH CAROLINA, FRLjffeT, DECEMBER 8,181)3. NUMBER 49. I France in the only European country rrhioh has to-day fewer able men than it had thirty years ago. * Thero havo been no train or stage robberies in California since that Stato declared those offViiBos to be capital. The San Francisco Examiner thinks |kv? that the tendehoy of the ministers of the Go'spot to f}nd IJieir text in tho g3tn| daily paper is not to be consured. . . v 1 ; eentnry K?~V^H|PwK3^nd4ait* of the Baltimore assorts that"there is. no such all this world as sewer gas," ^H^^8jBmA#JP$rther/that "there is no evi* KK^np9|pQe?Whatever in. fact and no ground R^MT^for bdreriilif' in the theory that the H; emanations frohi a sewer are in any SLp wi^^nwLo^edmo." ~ "* a MBfcft.- ^ '-ttjto^^lhKea havu beon formed along 1 Y v - ~d0K"ba?Jkaof thp Bouth^ftnadiauRi-vei J in Oklahoma soma' <* adtyjgHfcMipy I square miles in extent. Th^'-'aife < I . ? caused, explains the New York Post, ^ by the sand blowinfi_out_of_^a-aafiL g ? ? until a high embankment is formed f Along the shores, and behind the bank a wP are formed the lakes. c W:u %^ v ?w ; ? f! It would puzzle the most profound * psychologist, the New York News t thinks, to attempt an explanation of r New York's suicide statistics. Great ? business depression naturally accounts e for an increase in the number b - <T.- . t ?' ' bufc analysis of the p statistics- shows some interesting ^ facts. The average suicide, strange a PV. as ^ik may sdeqa, is not the poor e ~. man. -Tho person Who B6GKB oblivion jf in self destruction is usually ho who t< has lived in comfort if not in luxury, <1 and who is too cowardly to face tinan- Cl cial reverse like a man. Ho laoks the u pluck necessary to go to his homo and o frankly disclose tho truth. 80 he es- b capes by a pellet of lead, and leaves | his family with only tho stained narao of a suioido. Poverty is not tho chief o breeder of self-destruction. Porhaps ?l nio most proline causo of all is tho 'd' sudden realization that several down* a ward stops must be takon on tho soeial ji I Adder. o Tho zone system of railroad ratoa which is so successfully operated in Hungary, lias niado a deep improssion jj upon James L. Cowlos, well known in ti .^ railroad circles. He says: "Distance t costs practically nothing in the transportation of freight or of pas- w songeru, and, therefore, distance tl should bo disregarded in tlio dis- (.' crimination of rates. Tho rato now charged for tho shortest distance for tl any particular service is the rato that ? should bo adopted for all distances. f| Whon onoo a train starts from Boston r< to San Francisco, thoro isn't a man p living that can tell tho differenco in ^ cost of running that train, whether a ? possongei loaves the tmin at tho first tl station gut of Boston or goes through P froin tlio Atlantic to the Pacific Coast." lt| Mr. Cowles further says that there is jj not tan dollars diflforenoe between " runniug a train from Chicago to New ^ ^ York, full of passengers or empty. G Says the Washington Star: War- f< burton Pike, an. Englishman and an j1 oxploror, has just returned to oivilization after a lengthy sojourn in Central t Alaska, which, by the way, is more of ? An uncertain land than was Central ^ Africa prior to the advent of Stanley a on the dark continent. Mr. Pike is h Satisfied that except as a game preserve b the interior of Alaska is worthless, rj and at presont anything like a dispute ? over that allegation is not possible be- l< cause there is no one who can argue n with Mr. Pike, but it will be well to . remember that English opinion as to a h oountry's value is not always reliable, o Great Britain might still have pos- ? sesaed much of the northwestern terri- . tory now belonging to the United t States?the States of .Washington, * Idaho and Montana?had not the ^ brother cf the then Premier of Eng- E land been traveling in the disputed fc region. He vas a sportsman, and be- * i cause tho salmon in the Columbia | River would not rise to a fly he said i f that tho country was not worth quar- 1 1 ' reling over. His testimony was ac- j I cepted, but In view of later develop- 4 1 * ments seemed to be rather ridiculous > 5''' .*' % ; ; jk '4 1 ' \ >'" s- , 1 . L.S. u V. - _ ' *ta ' ? GOV. TILLMAN'S MESSAGE. SOUTH CAROLINA'S LEGISLATURE MEETS AT COLUMBIAThe Message of the Governor a Vigorous Document, Which Accuses the Federal Courts of Encroachments Upon State's Bights. He Does Not Favor Government Ownership. tlOLOJBiA, 8. C.?The General Assembly of South Carolina met Tuesday at noon. Indications are that the session will bfeof unutuil importance; , Hitherto the custom of that body has boon to adjourn early on the morniDg of Christmas #e? M** D WA* read fn both House sud Ijjtffo.shortly after they met. . ^WTtlOvernor disowned in' vij?vn>us. language and at great length the decis- { rbns oT the United Statea Supreme Court and the Circuit Court on the conflict of jurisdiction in regard to a.seizure made by a State constable upon . aT railroad ah ch *fw in . the hands of a United States receiver vfppointed by the court, in the course of his remarks he says: 1 There is no law for th's unwarranted Interference on the part of the United States Court v there is nothing in the United States constitution to warrant it Tho au'hora of that instrument never fared to set up any^jch claim, and the jourt only obtainy^nv a violent usump.ion of power, y xih is the essence .of yrunny. Tha^ / required a century for j udiclal into!- A to go to f?r is sufficient irbof, tha'- it\if?s no basis fff law or ^jusice, and could only spriDg from Up?t >erpetual grasping aft en- inore power '] vhtt-h has charactcriz jdthe judges 6f tho i Jnitcd States Circuit end District Courts* 4 )ne by one the reserved rights of the 1 lUtcs are being absorbed by the Fecferal , udloiary and it is high time for Congress t o take the matter >n hands, and by ex- j >r?ss limitations restrain the unlicensed nd iniquitous powers exorcised by the iII1 rt in fViln n-"***-" - r *" 1 1 * ' ' ~ IM "Um Mionvi ui ICUC1 vcrsmps. K "There is talk in come quarters, and a t ;rowing demand for government owner- j hip of railroads, for tlieae corporations, n whether in the bands of receivers or of s he owners themselves, have found such c eady and willing tools among the Fcdral judges, who are ever ready to stand etween them and the people in their t fforte to restrain them within reasonable s ounds, that no other mode of relief ap- t ears possible. This is not a desirable r olution of the problem, and I do not i dvocite it, because such control would Imost inevitab'y be used as an engine in lections by the use of employes at the * i thc part* '1 ~> a republican form of government7~flTlt iiose who msnipulate and control these Jj orporatious, and who grow rich in S ebbing the people through them, hold tl P their hands in horror at the mere idea s government ownership of ruilroada. v lut what have we in the Uuitcd States u t this time? What is the condition of c large number of these corporations? Tpwardsof thirty-three thousand miles f railroads, one-fifth of the total mile- ? E?e in the United States, and represent- p lg a capital of more than $1,400,000,000, " re today in the hands of receivers, who ? re but th ; servants or partners of the K Lulges. , j) "We have hero government ownt r-lii< C r control (at hast in tfbct) tbe mo t n bsolute that is possible to exist. Tbe 1< 'ede:al judiciary, without any statutes a n the subject, or comparatively few, j uniting or defining their poc,er?, cocrol one-fifth of the railroads in the ta'ted States without responsibility to I nybody; without anyone tj overlook g hem ir their agents, the~ receivers; I itliout any accounting to be had for f be millions and hundreds of millions of r ollars of these wards in chancer}", isulg receivers' certificates which are preerred litns on the properties; nsisting v lie State's oflicers when thty attempt to (I ollect tuxes; arristing our constables f nr the slightest interference, even, with s reigl.t they haul; baigaining with the \ eci iv.rs for the employment of kinseople or favorites?and Congrc-s sits . Ily by watching this more than Russian 1 bsolutism with utter indifference. The A nholy marriage between the 'diguity' of 1 he Fedtnl Court and these harlot cor- ^ o at ions must l> annulled aud the own- ' rs of the bonds made to uodirstand hat there is a p >int beyond which the B >ath nee of the biatc will not permit them { DfcO" Conferring the Sea Island suffeiers, ' lov Tillminsays: "Th?'27th of August * ?st witnessed the most disastrous stoim 1 ml liibtl uimvk mi f.hn rnnif. fmm TIi bii. art to Charleston of which our annals ( we any record. The exact number of f ivca lost is uuknown, but it wascoDBidral>ly over a thousand, and there was a 1 otal loss of crops ou the more exposed ilanda all the way from John's Island to liltou llead Over one-half of the t ouses were also blown down or wash d < way, and the unfortunate people would t we loner since succumbed to starvation { ut for tne timely assistance and charity , eudered by our own people and those \ ivinu abroad. The management of the >oik of relief was taken in band by Deal committees, but believing that f icthodical business arrangement and j xpeiience were better, Miss Clara Bir- j or, of the Red Cross Association, with < k r lieutenants, was asked to take charge >f it, and this noble lady with her corps >f assistants has been on the ground incc the 20th of September, laboring in he cause of humanity. The extent of j he disaster cannot ha understood except >y personsl inspection. The question of \ elief and how best to administer is a j lifficutt one; even the amount absolutely j lecessary to prevent starvation is un- < mown, Although the State Is poor ana j he crops everywhere failure, it is not ( ho will of Bouth Carolina that any ol ter citizens, no matter how humble they ; nay be?even the poorest negroes? , ihould starve, and when you send your lommiitee,. to investigate the phosphate ndmtry at Beaufort as recommended by he phosphate commission, it would be 1 veil, I think, to instruct it to leport i ully also on the condition of these , islands, and as to the advisability of an appointment to aid Miss Barton in re ieving the sufferiug which i inevitable." | The Governor says a gre t many suf(> rers have appealed to him for relief in tl e matter of taxis and he rfecnthmendi that the "0 trp'rcller General be allowI ed to suspend the collection on all property within the devastate d regions in B'-nufort, Colleton, Berkeley and 0< orgetown, aud to remit the taxes of ( all kinds where in hia judgment it is I proper to do so. No other course Is t practicable or feasible, because the tcr- ? riorial limits cannot be descilbcd; exct pt On genlst-al t0rht% tlnd tJven within ' these limits are many who cannot pay 1 w thout serious iuj iry. to thcrcs..-Ives, i and the matter may be s ifely lef - to the j li-crctioii of the Comptroller Geneial ^ J A8*m Kooly, a colored, boy ] was kahged at pallaa, N. O., Friday. I Savannah and Jacksonville have raised the quarantine against Bruns- _ wick, Ga. ^ t Charles and Will O'Neil were ar- P rested for stealing horses from S. W. ^ and A. Y. Tedder, of Chesterfield c county, S. C. The Charlotte, N. 0., a police captured them in Betrjrhill township, Mecklenburg county. j E. E. itTiompHon, of Fredericksburg, c Ya., who is walking on a wager to Bogota, South America, has aVrived at e the City of Mexico, Otte condition of f his trip is that he must hot carry n money with him. He has been hospi- q tabiy. received' in Mexioo, bnt he near- g ly starved in Texas. Arkansas has . 10,000 iarms which m produce 600,000 bales of cotton, 900^*.' -J" >00 bushels pf sweet potatoes. ljOQQ,-' . >00 pounds -of tobacco. 42,<HJ0,p<)0 bushels of corn and' 2,000,000 bushels,M >f wheat. From the ArkahsM iorett* 3 ire cut over #20,000,000 worth of lum- ^ jer every year. Oen. John Gibbon, of the United t< States' army, retired, delivered a leo- + ure at Winchester, Va., under the artsnoes of Christ's Episcopal Church, ind for the benefit of the poor. His *' object was: "My life on the plains, c? >r what I know abont tb? " g, A report is current that Major Tur* 80 ler Morehead, who has been in Europe tl< everal months, has effected a" sale of a be Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley raiload to a syndicate of English oapitalsts. A Duplin county, N. 0., will renew it? !! tteropt to hare the courts declare the freaent method of distributing the P UfcU? school taxes unconstitutional. ar nstituted another suit SgemSt tm- ? tate Board of Education. At present, S< be counties collect and keep the chool fund, but the Duplin board rish it all to go into the State Treas- * ry and to be thence distributed per apita. at A huge bear was brought by express ^ rom Havelock, in Craven county, to c' lewbern, N. C., Tuesday. It was " illed by three sportsmen?two of b' born Northern gentlemen?who had one out deer hunting. It was killed p ,t Great Lake below Newborn, and a ow miles from the Atlantic and North 'aroliua railroad. The bear was a ungnificent specimen, six feet in ft riigth with a glossy black coat of hair js md great rolU of fat when dressed, lis estimated weight was 460 pounds. P' The three principal agricultural ox- t? libits at the Georgia State Fair at Augusta were won by women, Misses Zoe lrown,of Hancock county, M. Rutherord, Sumter county, and Annie Den- 8 lis, of Talbott county. tl While Governor Reynolds, of Delaware, was in his private office at the ?* Itnte houso at Dover, some unknown a icrson hurled two huge rocks and a f( tone cuspidore through the window, with intent to either injure or kill. * The President made his Thanksgiv- ? ng dinner off a 27-pound, pink and white, plump variety of turkey, ship- n >ed from Westerly, Conn., by Horace 8 iroso, who has selected the presidential j >ird since Grant's time. L. Bertram Cady, a swell Fifth kvenue merchant tailor, while at the p .heat-re in New iork the other night, ipie<l through his opera glasses, Albert IfcMillen, who had stolen $2,800 from c lim in 1889 and escaped. A policeman A vns summoned, and the thief arrested, tl Luelln Weir, a pretty type-writer of j' Cincinnati, sned Will Syberly, a rich V ihoe man's son, for breach of promise, ji md the jury found that she was damaged y. 110,000 worth. ^ The Spartanburg (8. C.) Spartan j isys: Charlotte has started its seventh ?otton mill. This ono is for weaving owels, counterpanes and the like. All ? that Charlotte now needs is a good ? loap factory to go along with the :owels. The will of the late Alfred W. Shields, of Richmond, Va., leaves his farm to his two colored servants, and tn estate of $18,000 to the University ?f Virginia. Priaonar Painted. Uoanokr, Ya.?The case of D. H. I Mitchell, charged with mnrdering M. \ Dyer, wan given to the jury and j the verdict was manslaughter, and the i penalty fixed at five years in the pen- i itentiary. Mr. Mitchell, when the \ verdict was announced, fainted, and > for some time it was thought he was \ [lead. A physician was summoned, < but before he arrived Mitchell resumed , liis normal condition. The counsel ] will make an appeal for a new trial. , Over eighty per cent, of the ship* ping of the world is built on the British j isles, and nearly one-half of this on , the Clrdo. t m"t f T .-.a? THE PROCEEDMGS Of the General Assembly atahe State 1 Capitol, Columbia^ A. Resume of the fiusineM^JPrahlflct- I ed from Day to Daft 2nd Day?The following kiUry bill ] occupied the moit of tho diy in the < douse: That the f? l'owing VofBceru in ' h s state shall receive the fwoWing salaries, And ito other c tmjHosution, to ?it: GdvcFnor'a prlfratJ sctstary, $1,- < WO; Governors messenger, if $4 00; Sec 1 elary of State and kceakr of 8tite < douno and grounds, $l,9y; clerk of ' Jecretsry of State, f 1 ,iW^]com|? r?ller j Comp i of 8u J 'J $000; 1 L<:juU>ut in a insjwoioi una< r\i, $ 1,200; " lerk of Adjutant and Igswbctor General, -j 900; Attorney OfoneralfrJh,000; assist j nt Attorney Gknetaai^?M.lti; Chief r ustice and Jus'ices JHlbe Supreme c lourt, each $3,000, ao<l&kc<iit Ju<lpr?, ach $9,900; clerk b7>$flteSppreme Court, u 800t librariai of PupjliwOou t, $3)0; A leseenget and att?o#M. of Supreme * lourt, caoh $300; ttU?borter of the j' uprernc Court, .,$06^Hpiperintcnd? nt ^ f the Pent ten t MMTr; physician " Hd'captain of'^W^pBPcMn'cnti-iiy, t tcnti ry,^ I "V mdnnt knit B, <X*); memVra o^BS^oTr^cn U. J' ich $4 pec diem forjjjAi d?y of a't-mlICC on themcatintftfoffhe board and 5 , ints fter mils by Uoit direct route h ring qa n add meetings; c dlcitor<K^;ff^flBte<;? pt for t' e so c ciiof forfirsto shall receive A salary of4i- same per diem ^ id mileage as of the General y aaembly while in iffl^d^yce upon the t< ssiona thereof; SUH^ibratifin, $800; ' cmbera of the Soaslabd House of He- *' r< sentative*. each $4Mber diem during iy regular or specUlSpion and 5 c< uts j! uuariisaro'nff to ajpm?wuruing there- R jnato, $800 ; assistant clerk of 8cn<t'-, n 150; reading e'erk of Senate, $330 ser- ^ ?ant-at-am?, of Senate, $200; clerk of ou*e of Representatives, $800; assist "J it clerk, $250; sergeant-at-anm of p ouso of Representatives, $200;rtad>ng n erk of Ilouse of Representatives, $25>; it lilrosd commissioner*? each $1,200, to 0 ? paid as low provided by l\w. The bill wu passed to wind up th p ort Royal & Augusta railroad. c senate. v The Governor's mess ige vetoing the H ll'owincr Act rhnrterinir 1W. ? ? r> " J: i-.bcl Power Comyvij. Act to inc >r- j, orate tlic Bcautoi^pd Port Royal Rail- g >nd Company. Tn voters were mi- f lioed. ih ^ A bill was also ptssed to prohibit ti e t illing or hunting of oposrurrs in thi- H tate between the ^rst day of April an t t le first day of November in any year. I 3 I D?y.?Tne G?-neral Assembly held !' joiut session for the election of -lg< s j. nd a register of raisnc and conrujin ? f >r Charleston county and John E. C 'gs- r ell was elected. Tbe joint sission then ' ice'ed judges. For Ass >ciate Justice ^ be f Mowing candidates were put in r omination: Li Miten-int Oovcrno.- Gaiy, c peaker Ira It. Jon?s and Associite 1 net ice McGowau. ^ i TIIB KI.KCTRl) ONKS: Eugene II. Gn y, associate justice Su- { reino Court to succeed Sam ot McGow 1 n;W. C. Bonnet, jubce of thi first ^ ircuit to succeed Jiip. F I/Jar; Jus ? ddrich to succeed himself as j>dge of < lie s<c >nd circuit; I). A. Towr sen t. 1 ndge of the seventh circuit, t > succeed V. H. Wallace; I D. Wt'herspoon. ( udge of the sixth circuit, to succeed , iimelf; R. C. Watts, judge of the ] mirth circuit, to succeed Joshua II. j ludson. Memorial exercises were held in honor 1 f the late Senator Desch-unps, of Claradon. One Hundred Fortieth Anniversary. The Moravians of Old Town, near ' Winston, N. C., celebrated the one ' mndred fortieth anniversary of 1 he founding of their con- 1 pregation on Thurs<V . at. This is 1 he mother church, and tne first one 1 established by the Moravians in the 1 iouth. On October 8, 1853, a com sany oi twelve single brethren net out J from Bethlehem, Pa., to form a nettle- I nent in the wilds of the South. 1 tmong the ntamber was Bernhard ( idem Grube, tfre first minister of the ! nfant settlement, who died in his 92d pear, and on his 90th birthday walked from Bethlehem to Nazareth, Pa., a listance of ten miles, and walked back k few days after, having returned to Pennsylvania from North Carolina in ifter years Amber, oitel classotl among gems, s a fossil prodnnt. Most of the specinens incloain { insects aro manufactured from gn n copal. |* fHE ?EET INDUSTRY: Prof. Masse/'s Report Upon His Observations in Nebraska. Prof. W. F. Massoy, who with Conjjressmnn 8. B., Alexander, recently made a trip to the Westtd observe the mgar boet industry with a view to ifrt poasible cultivation for the production of sugar in this State has made the following report: ToHiaF.xcellency Elias Car r, Governor of North Carolina: Having been requested by you to be one of a committee to go to Nebraska for the purpose of investigating the condition there of the culture of the mgar beet ancl the manufacture of mgar therefrom, and having perfOfihed *) the best of my ability the duty placed tpon me I beg leave to submit a statonent in regard to this trip. It may >e proper Heffl lo state that the op)ortunity to make litis investigation t*iia nr.? ? *? ^ j mip uuuivicu nnuuHV liiijr JH'UHI' Kl ho State or myself by gentlemen who ire interested in the development of he sugar beet industry in the South. I'he gentlettieft engaged in this enter>rise wish to go to work intelligently .nd ninke suro of success before investng large "capital in the enterprise, ["hey therefore desired tlint some one nterested in the agricultural development of the State atld the South should arefully investigate trlint haw beet) lone, and is being done elsewhere, 8tl s to fully understand the conditions ecessary for success. Hon. S. 13. ) ilexnnder, of Charlotte, and the rriter ^instituted this committee, the utter going by your request. It should >e stated at the outset that the maiifactnre of the sugar beet has only of ate years become possible even with j he encouragement of a bounty, 'ears ago, tests made in North Cnroina showed the beets to contain a per j outage of sugar Inadequate to its pro- . table manufacture Under conditions revailing in this country, arid its pro- | uction was only possible in counties ke France and Germany, with a ' urplus of cheap labor. But owing to ' lie persistent and intelligent labors of j lerman and French seed growers; and he investigations of German scientists he saccharine quality of the beet has een steadily developed \iutil its per entage of sugar rivals that of the sugar ano. This has been accomplished by l careful election, by means of Pol- I riscope tests of beets for seed gfowlug ' radually raising tlio standard from ear to year until tho sugar beet of I jday stands in the snmo relation to ' hat of fift-en vnnrs mm ihnt fVin I Iioronghbred horse does to the scrub. . good ancestry is as valuable in a ; latit us a pcdigee in a horse. IToriculturists understand thiH just as well : s liorsebreeders. ThiH process of >y farmi givir^v?*Hll kept up | mprovement in the beet wHl doubtless j ie made. Not only haw the general , accharine quality of the beet been 1 bus improved, but several strains or reeds have been produced specially dapted to certain soilH, one reaching t beet on sandy soils, another on lay, etc., etc. So that now growers an select- seed bred specially for the eeds of their peculiar noil. Whether bis process of development can bo orried further iu our climate or whether, aw in the ease of some other eeds, we must depend upon foreign Towers remains vet to be proved. ! bit the indications are that an equally atelligent course of culture here will ;ive fully uh gfood result iu the send iroduct, and iti time we may produce eed that for our purpose will be even ictr*- 'hup jbat now inperted. With ne great imurv ?.4 nf . . ngar industry which seenm assured in his country, our intelligent and enterirising seed growers may l>e depended ipon to do their part in the work of mprovement. The progress of the lugar fleet industry and the mnuunature of the sugar has been more apid than most persons imagine. A ew years ago the larger part of the ngar of commerce was the product of he sugar enne. 'in.lay this is already eversed and the larger part is proluced l?y the Sugar 15< ;t. In INSO wo iroduced 37o tons of fleet Sugar. Tho srop or output for the present sc-dBOU s estimated to he not less than 25,000 ons. Still the increase in the demand b such that we still produce hut about ine-tenth of the sugar consumed in our jonntry. 'The. development of the lugar lleet industry has been largely Sue to the encoui agono-nt bounty of 2 cents per pound. While the bounty is more directly beneficial to the manufacturer, it is lighter tax on the nosumer than a tariff would be?for the tariff would increase the price of every pound used, while the bounty only is Eaid on that produced in this conutry. n this shape it cner mages an agricultural product, an 1 if we must have "protection,"some from that v'li help the farmer is dcsi'uble. With a variety of soils -apahle of producing the beet in great perfection, it behooves our people to be looking into this matter There are now in operation a number of beet augur factories, where great anna have been expended in educating the fanners in the culture of the beet, and in experimental work of vn' iotia kinda. Only of late have these great expenditures begun to reward the energetic proprietors of these works, and, as they gain experienee, the fanners supplying the factories are petting more profit out of the culture. The peculiarity of the Sugar Beet industry lies in the fact that success to the -manufacturer means success to the grower of the beets, for the factory is entirely dependent upon the farmer. If the farmer cannot Hud nroflt in the culture the factory cannot get supplies, bo thnt it in essential to tho Bucoesa of the factory thnt tho enltnro should pay the grower, upon whom they depend for their raw material. The factory muM lmve supplies and must therefore contract to take the crops at nn agreed I tipoii price, so that the grower in sure bf his market he/ofe he plants the crop and knows that no gambling in futures can affect the price while nc is producing it. Each gear's experience? puts him in a better position to contract for the coming year. This mutual dependence of manufacturer and produced will always insure a reasonably fair division of ftdofits. The manufacturer, with half a million Of more invested in a plant that can be run but for a few weeks or months annually, must be Rure of his supply, and the j fairtiedj learning by experience the I prieo thai will prtj him, has the whip j handle, and no extortion can be . practiced. The factory we visited is the Norfolk Beet Sugar Factory, located at j Norfolk on the mirtll fork of the Elk| horn river in Nebraska, oti the railroad lending from Fremont on the Plntte to the Black Hills of Dakota. The samo crtmpjHtjr owns also a fflpt^y at Grand j Inland on the Plntte river, wTT16R' wc did not linve time to" visit. They also I run two fnotoriea in California* The I business, after many discouragements and a liberal expenditure, in now in Nebraska, but we understand that the California factories are much more ! j profitable owing to the longer Benson i for planting and manufacture*. The j great drawbacks to the business in i Nowbraska are the lack of labor and j the short Benson for working up the | crop. Farmers are deterred from I planting large areas because of the imi possibility of getting abundant help at thinning time. Both of these difffeuli ties would bo obviated in a Southern latitude. Ho far as I could observe, i the culture is almost Identical with that of cotton, except that deeper breaking is necessary for the beets. Our Southern farm hands, accustomed to chopping out and thinning cotton, would find the chopping out and thinning the beets almost identical, undthe abundance of this class of labor in the South would admit of beet culture on a larger scale than an Nebraska. Then too we could begin to sotr earlier in spring, and by a succession of crops, eouhl keep the factory running twice as long as there. We drove into the country around Norfolk, Nebraska,and talked with a quite a llutriber of the fnrmcr?. Th^yp.rogonorfillyfini^uoTwut class of German immigrants, but tllcy all agree that the beet crop is the most profitable one they raiso. The only. washer, which is along trough.through tho centre of which n shaft revolves on which is a special line of wooden pins, which agitate tho beets in water, and at the same time carry them to the further end of the* trough, where an elevator takes them to the top story ol the building. Here they are caught in a receiver similar to a cart body, which dump when full, andat the same time registers the weights of the beets. They arc received in the pulper, where 1 a series of grooved knives on a whs ft 1 slices them into shreds finer than a goose qnill. The pulp pnsses into r 1 series of fourteen tall cylinders^ which constitute the diffusion battery. Here, I warm water is im>ised repeatedly 1 other crops are corn and prairie hay, and though they raise large corn crops the price, 20 to 25 cents per bushel, renders it necessary that they turn it into beef and pork to get any profit O"4 of it. From a number of these g .. jrs I ascertained that their average gross receipts are about ?50.00 per ec*e for the beets. The factory pays me of fSo.OO per ton and acre, though there are instnufoB or .>o or more tons being raised. One grower in California is snid to have raised 157 tons per acre, the largest yield known. Too large a beet is not wanted, one the size of a small or medium pineapplo bojng as large as desired. In California the price runs ns high nt $0.50 per ton, the practice there being to pay according to the saccharine quality of the beet as ascertained by the Polnriscope. But owing to the less intelligent character of the Nebraska grower it has been found ne? essary to fix an average price for all. The greatest care iH used in getting seed from beets of good pedigree, the best seed growers in Europe always testing by the Polariscope every beet planted for seed, and rejecting all that falls below standard in quality. The to EurolHJ^r^a.n.n.Urtll-V Hrn:1 f"ftgCnJ eroj), and buy no beets bm grown from seed thus selected for various soils. This in more essential where the average price prevails, than n'lion onnli tWnu pr in r#?m ?<m- i 1 >!.? for the quality of hisorop. Anexp ?riene' ed buyer is already in Europe selecting seed for the crop of 1891, and contracts are now being made with the farmers for next year. Every one witli whom we conversed has increased | his planting annually and all propose to put in a lnrger uvea next year, j though the factory has neatly read ed its full capacity for that climate. Thi? ' is of itself a sufficient indication of the value of the crop to the grower, who 1 all seem enthusiastic on the snhje.t. , We were hardly preparei for the extent of the manufacture, much as we had hr-urtl of it. The Norfolk Beet Sugar Company has n plant which we were informed cost f?d(>0,000, and from j the extent of the massive brick buildings, and the array of complicated machinery we could well believe the I statement. They say that they would I not build another so small This ! company expected to turn out 1 hie season over three million pounds ot ! granulated white sugar. I file with this a sample of this sugar, which was made in twelve hours from the raw beets. Tlio process used is a diffusion process. The beets are carried from the soils, or covered pits between the railroad tracks, through cemented sluices, through which a stream of water rushes, to an opening in the wnll of the building, where nn Archimedean screw elevates them to the through frtch cylinder In imccrwioa ^ until the water /tns taken up all but a traeo of the saccharine matter. This ] dense water in now hoiled in evupo- 1 rators mixed with milk of liifte to a < certain point where it is injected with J carbon di-oxidc, which precipitates+<ho m lime. The clear liqnid is then drawn m off and paused through a aeries of filters to stiii' further clear it of impurities. It then passes to the vacuum pans, where it is boiled in vacuo at it low temperuture to the point of perfect erystnlizntion. Themassof crysfalizetl sugar and syrup is then run into a series of centrifugal machines, operating 011 the same principle ns a cream separator, where the molasses is thrown off and the pure w hite srvstal sugar iw retained. Kaeh charge of a centrifugal is emptied, its linished, into a trough through which n screw scraper revolves which conveys the an car to and tliromrh the heated drying cylinder, from which it pours out the fine granulated sugar of commerce. It is now weighed, 100 ' _ pound*'- in a bag, ami each fx** it-' branded and numbered by the govern- M ment inspector for (lie bonnty. Theuncrvstalized liquid thrown offi?y the centrifugals is as yet an entirely waste product, though it could doubtless be evaporated into good syrup. The pulp, after being emptied from the diffusion battery, is sold to cattle feeders at 25 cents per ton, but would be worth a grent deal more here. We saw 1,00(? steers being fattened with this pulp ?. and cofit meal. The cattle eat it greedily and their condition shows it to be a nutritive food. Another produet now entirely wasted in Nebraska, but which would be of great value * %?? ' here is the potash and lime cake, collected in the purifying proees. This contains all the potash and mineral matter removed from the beets, and the lime used in the work. This must be a valuable fertilizer, but the Nebraska farmers cannot be induced to haul it away, though I feel sure that is just what their black sandy soil i needs. The average product of sugar < at this factory is stated to be lf>5 to 170 pounds per ton of beets, and as I the careful breeding up of the beets is continued the product may be expected to increase. The owners of the Nebraska factories', who are experienced sugar makers from Louisiana, are ciithusjSntic over the be?-t, n&u mcjkcyo | that in time it will entirely tnipplunt the cane for sugar making. There is an abundant capital now ready to embark in this industry in the South, which only awaits the determination of the question as to what points are most favorable for the indnsfrv. and whore the beets can bo grown in quantity to pay the farmer and quality to pay the manufacturer. To detormino this, it is proposed to place selected seed in the hands of careful men in various sections, under intelligent su-?wviHion. so as to test accurately the There will be no nroauci.sv of seed to all applicants, since experience has shown that no accurate results can be had in this way. Hut tlio tests will be made with care and scientific accuracy the coming season, and the probabilities are that North Carolina may secure one or more of tlio 4 proposed factories. We think every encouragement should be given tlio J enterprise, and that it will open up for our people a source of agricultural profit as yet hardly conceivable. JBjR Kespcctfully submitted, fpa Two Kings in Chicago. There are two young African kings ^BJ living in Chicago. The elder of tlio ^ two has a long African name, which he has Americanized into A. 11. .Jowcvt. rrinre Jtiwcu nns sucrineeu ms ai.-.?gdoin fur Christianity, hut it is his intention to return to Africa with his kingly neighbor and reclaim his own land, and together they will forma federation and spread the gospel by degrees. Prince Jowett has been in America for some time, and has a good education. The other is Momolu Massaquoi, king of Jabacco, and hereditary prince of ten tribes. King Massaquoi is quite a young man, but well educated. He is the eldest son of ? Queen Sandi Mannie, late ruler of Jabacea and the head wife of King Lalial. Anti-Snappers issue a Manifesto. The anti-snappers are at work again in New York to overthrow Tammany. Charles H. Fairchild issued a long address to New York Democrats Wednesday abusing tho machine Democratio organization in vigorous and vicious terms and calling upon tho Democrats to join the new organization, to be known as the New York State Democ- j racy. On the general committee are J such domes as Ellery Anderson, Abram ' Hewitt, William K. Grace, .Tames Swann, Oscar Strauss, Fredrick Coudert and about a hundred others. An Aged Bishop Dead. ConrMiuA, S. C.?Information was reeeiveu >>y rusnop naner, 01 mo j\. M. E. Cliurcb, of tho death of Daniel A. Payne, at Wiberforce, Ohio, senior Bishop of that chnroh, and one of the oldest active Bishops in the world, lie was 90 years old at the time of his death. Ho was originally from Charleston, 8. C. Memorial services in his honor will be held by the A. M. E. churches probably on Sunday. Bishop Baiter has gone on j to the funeral. ] , Mo Prizt Fighting in South Carolina. U ContmniA, 8. C.?A bill prohibiting t 1 prize fighting in South Carolina passed the Oeneral Assembly. The penalty in ^ three yearn imprisonment and $1,000 a^j i One for principal and seconds. It is said there is never an odd nujjjr ber of rows on an car of corn.