Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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w / / SOME SANITARY ASPECTS OP OREAD A MAKINU. I BY CYBT8 EDSON, M. T>., -Yt ' Health Commissioner, New York City. fi.-.x Vj It is necessary, if ono would uudor ~y ir\ Stand tho sanitary aspects of broad r vCv. making, to fully oomprehend tho prosjgf cut theory hold by sciontists of germs and the part played by them in disooso. t Tlfe theory of disease gorms is merely Mr- tho name given to tho knowlodgo had of those germs by medical men, a knowlodgo which is tho result of innumoragi bio experiments. Boiug this, tho old rterm or a "theory" has becomo a misnomer. A germ of a disease is a plant, bo small that I do not know how to express intelligibly to the general reader its laek of sizo. When this germ is introduced iuto the blood or tissues of the body, its action appears to be analogous to that which takes place when yeast is added to dough. It nttacks certain elements of tho blood or tissues, and destroys them, at tho same tinio oroduoiue ^ ' * ,<mc-t..ov oepms For\r> rnnr. "But the germs of tho greater part ot 11 ic germ diseases, that is, of the infoe- i tious and contagious diseases, will develop or increase in number without being in the body of a human being, provided always you give them the proper conditions. These conditions are to be found in dough which is being raised with yeast. They are tjMButijro and tho organic the tax payers. "The democratic party expresses iaHefctll 1i deuce in the ability of the Hon. Lalvin o. I ( ' It is" necessary''lo1 Ml.'.flfnfo | point that yeast is germ growth, and when introduced into a mixture of glu- J cose or starch, iu tho presence of warmth and moisture sets up a fermentation. If the mixturo be a starchy dough the yeast first changes a portion of the starch iuto gluooso and then decomposes tho glucose by changing it | into two now substances, viz., carbonic ( acid gas and alcohol. Now tho glutton, w hich is also a con- i stituont of dough and moist starch, affords, with tho latter, an excellent nidus for tho development of germs of disease as well iw for the yeast germs. Tho germs of cholera, as of typhoid fever, would, if introduced into dough, flud very favorable conditions for their growth. I do not wish to "pose" as an alarm-; ist, nor am I willing to say there is' very much chance of tho germs of typhus and of oholera roaehing tho stomachs of tho people who eat bread; which has boen raised with yoast. But11 I have not tho slightest causo to doubt | that other diseases have been and will bo carried about iu the bread. I havo mot journeymen bakers, Buffering from cutaneous diseases, working the dough in the bread trough with naked hands and arms. I have no reaeon to suppose bakers aro less! liable to cutaneous diseases than any othor men, and I know, as every housewife knows, yeast-raised bread must be worked a long time. This is an exceedingly objectionable thing from the standpoint of a physician for the reason that the germs of disease which nre in the uir and dust ami on stuirWays and straps in street cars, are most often collected 011 the hands. Any person who lias ever kneaded dough understands the way in which the dough cleans tho hands. This means that any germs which may have j found n lodging plaoo on the hands of the baker before he makes up liis batch of bread aro sure to find their way into tho dough, and once there, to find all tho conditions necessary for subdivision and growth. This iH equivalent to saying that we must rely 011 heat to kill theso germs, because it is almost certain that thoy will bo there. Now, underdone or doughy bread is a form which every man and womau has seen. It is a belief as old as tho hills that - ...1 i i..??,i ....i iii.*..i 'in.:.. i uuuiiiuiiu uicati in uuiit'tiiuinii. iium reputation has been earne.l for it by the experience of count loan generations, and no careful mother will wish her children to eat bread that ha* not been thoroughly cooked. Tho reason givon for this recognized unhealthfulnoas ha? l?een tliat the unoookoil yeast, dough is very difficult to digost. No one but a physician would be apt to think of disease germs which have not been killed duriug tho process of baking as a oauso of the sickness following the use of uncooked youst broad. Yet I this result from this oause ismorothan i probable. I havo not tho slightest ! doubt that could wo traco back somo of the cases of ilLuoes which wo meet BREAD wrraotrr YKAOT?"THE MOOT PKT L . . ^TJfl in onr praotioo wo wouM flnl tho4; germs collected by tho baker liiivo fonntl their way into tho yeaat bread, fthftt tho heat ha? not been imftioiont to 'destroy them, that tho nncookod yeast broad has boon oatou and with it tho ?' colonies of gorms, that they havo found their way into tho blood and that tho eall for our services which followed, harf rounded off this sequence of events. I have already pointed out that tho germs of disoaao uro to bo found in tho air and dust. Tho longer any substanco to bo oaten is exposed to tho air, tho greater tho ohanoo that germs will bo dopoeitod on it. Bread raised with yeast is worked down or knoodod twioo before being bakod and this process may tako anywhoro from four hours to ton. It lias, thon, tho ohanoo of collecting disease germs during this process of raising and it has two periods of working down or kneading during each of which it may gather tho dirt containing tho germs from the baker's hands. As no bread savo that roisod with yeast, goes through this long process ot raising and kneading so no bread save that raised with yeast has so good a ehaueo of gathering germs. What is meant by "raising" broad is worth a few words. Tho introduction of tho yeast into tho moist dough way. lsto thh ykast brkao." nml tlio addition of heat when tho pan is placed near tho liro produces nn enormous growth of the yeast fungi? the yeast "germ," in other words. These fungi effect a destructive fermentation of a portion of the starchy matter of tho (lour?one of tho most valuable nutrient elements in tho flour. Tho fermentation produces carbonio acid gas, and this, having its origin in encc Leo and llosea Bright slipped tHrflhgTl-i pushes a~sido"Tho psr 1 ieKesror 1fheniJouJ5fli to give itself room. This is what is called "raising the bread." It nee.ls hut a glance to see that it is, in its effects on tho dough, purely mechanical. The dough, which was before a close-grained mass, is now full o? little holes, and when cooked in this condition in what wo ordinarily call light. This porous quality of bread enables tho stomaoli to rapidly and easily digest it, for the gastric juices quickly soak, into and attack it from all sides. The fermentation of the dough, however, uses up a portion of the uutrieut oloinonts of tho loaf. If it bo possible, therefore, t > produce a light porous loaf without this destruction and without tho "kneading" proceas, which Jills tlio dough with gorms and filth, and without tho loi-"J period during which tho raining p" .cess goes on, tho gaiu in food and ga<n iu the avoidance of tho goruNHH diugly plain. but while we can easily boo th^? dangers which attend the nno of yousb it is certain that tho vosionlatingoffset produced by it on tho dough is fc > tho lust degree perfect. It is apparent that if wo are to substitute any other system of broad making we must have one which will give us, first, mechanical results equally as good, that in, that will produce minute bubbles of carbonic aci I gas throughout tho mass of dough. Now it is in 110 way diflicult to pro luce carbonic acid gas chemically, but whim we are working at bruia 1 we must use such chemicals ,>u nr.. 1, .rr..,.Hxr l,?..lf 1, Cii 1 Pnl>t,<n,,f..lu .... .... V.J ~ -th -ho are uot hard to tind. Tho evils which attend the yoastmudc broad are obviated by tho use of u properly mado, puro and wholeaomo baking pow ler in lion of roast. Baking powders are composed of au ucid and an alkali which, if properly combiuod, should when thoy unite at oneo destroy themselves and produce carbonic acid gas. A good baking powder does its work whilo tho loaf is in tho oven, an l having dono it, disappears. But caro is imperative in selecting tho brand of baking powder to bo certain that it is composed of non-injurious chemicals. 1'owders containing alum or those which ure compounded from impure ingredients, or thoso which are not combined in proper proportion or carefully mixed and which will leave either an acid or an alkali in the broad, must not bo usod. it is well to sound a note of warning in this direction or tho ohange from the objectionable yeast to an impure baking ]>ow?i<?r will bo ft oaso of jump* iug frotu tho frying pan into tho firo. Tho boflt baking powilur mado is, as shown by analysis, tho "Royal." It contftinH absolutely nothing but croom of tartar and soda, refined to a ohemical purity, which when combined under tho iutlueneo of hoat and moistaro I prodnco carbonic aoid gas, and having dono this, dioappear. Its loavoning IFEOT OF Ann COWCtBIVABLB WATS OF RAI8a ^ -agth lias boon found superior tc other baking powders, and as for as ] know, it is the only powder which will raise largo broad perfectly. Its us< avoids tho long period during which the yeast modo dough must stand ir order that tho starch may ferment and thoro la also no knoading necessary. The two materials used in the Royal, cream of tartar and soda, arc perfectly i harmless, ovon when oaten. But they arc combined in exact compensating iwoighte, so that when chemical action begins between them they practically .disappear, tho substance of both having been taken up to form the carbondo acid gas. Moro than this, tho proper mothod of using tho powder ilnsuree tho woet thorough mixing with tho flour. Tho proper quantity 'being taken, it is mixed with tho flour and stirred around in it. Tho mixturo is thon si ftod several times and this insures that in cvory part of tho | flour thoro shall bo a fow particles of | the powdor. Tho salt and milk or wator being added, tho dough is mado up as quickly as possiblo and moulded into tho loaves. Thoso aro placed in tho ovon and baked. But tho very moment the warmth and moisture attack tho iuixturo of cream of tartar and soda, tlieso two ingredients chemically combino and carbonio acid or loavoning gas is ovolvod. Tho couscquonco may bo soon at a glanco, tho broad is raised during tho timo it is baking in tho ovon, and this is tho most perfect of all coucoivablo methods of raising it. Here, then, thoro is no chanoo for germs of disenso to got into tho dough and thenco into tho stomach, moro than that tho broad is necessarily as swoet as possiblo, thoro having boeu no timo during which it could sour. This involves tho fact that tho bread so mado will keep longer, as it is less likoly to bo contaminated by thogorms I i u ii' jhhtv. tuu j'lwv'uco. It will bo strango if tho crowds of visitors to the World's Fair do not greatly iueroaso tho number of contiguous diseases, which wo will havo to treat. Under thoso circumstances is it not folly of follies to open a single channel through which thoso gorms may reach us? Is it not tho part of wisdom to watch with tho groatcst caro all tint wo cat and drink, and to sco th it uouo but tho safest and best motho is are employed in tho proparation of our food? To mo it scorns as though thoro could bo but ono answer to questions like those. I havo shown tho danger of using tho yeast raised bread, and with this I have shown how that danger may bo avoidod. Tho ounce of provention which iu this caso is noithor difficult . STtooHSi' ,wrt"uiiT^wrsaSr puauuV ur cure, ~and tho host thing about it is that it may bo roliod on almost absolutely. Thoso who cat broad or biscuits or rolls mndo at homo with Royal baking powder may bo suro thoy havo absolutely stopped ono channol through which disoaso may roach them. Note.?Ilousokoepora desiring information in regard to the proparation of tho broad whloh, for ssuitary reasons, Dr. Edson so strongly urges for general use. should wrlto to tho Itoyal Baking Powder Company, Now York. Franco has 0,155,000 farm owners, who hiro 11,791,000 laborers. Simple Itemeilio* Are Rest, 'Don't rush to tho drng store and buy. a let of tho fancy lotions and cos "s I =5rhon you contract your first ~ I 'burn at tho seashore," was rr L . a ..v.-. hoautiful woman HjMffljgjjUfchowod but lingering traces redness which had it only tlio day beforo. "Lot all tlioso perfumed but trashy mixtures alone. Few of thorn havo any virtues; many of them are positively injurious to the skin, and not ono of them is bettor than tho simple, old-fashioned remedies that anybody can prepare at homo. If the skin is hot, dry and smarting with burn, nothing will rolieve it any more readily than mutton tallow or plain olive oil applied with tho hands and gently rubbed into tho pores. If the skin will stand it givo it a mild massage with an easy, upward rub, first bathing the face in water as hot as one can stand. There is nothing like massage for removing tho soreness and bu?ning feeling. Don't use much soap and beivaro of tho fanoy brands. They nro> nearly all irritating. Don't scratch tho itching places; rub gently and bo caroful that tho UAils don't come in contact with tho skin. As soon as you can stand it wash tho burned surface in tepid water to which tuo Juice of a lemon huh noon added. Lemon juico is a great cleanser, and in, besides that, a wonderful tonic for the flesh and skin. And, remombor this, that while sunburn is painful and annoying, it is also a groat improver of complexions. It eliminates blotches and pimples, smooths out rough places and clears the way for bettor skins. It is Dame Nature's way of putting new velvet and fresh roses into the faces of her children."?New York Herald. The Fascinating Fisheries Exhibit, In no structure within tho Fair grounds is tho outward expression no sympathetically reflective of its architectural purpose as in tho Fisheries Building. Itself reflected in the bluo lagoon, in its architectural functions and sculptural ornament it in turn reflects tho lacustrine life of the waters, which not only almost lave its foundation walls but actually pour into its in-, terior in fountain and cascade und gigantio aquaria. As wo follow around thoso green translucent walls within, our passage lit only from the diffused light transmitted from above the water, we can almost fancy ourselves walking on the aotnal rivor lied, ogled by familiar forms of sun-flsli, perch or piokorel; or perhaps wandering as in a dream among fair ocean caves abloom with brilliant sea-anemones,und embowered with mimic groves of branohing corals and all manner of softly swaying sea weed?graceful crimson laminaria reaching to the surfaco of tho water, responding in serpentino graco to tho soft invasion of waving lin. Rare living goms of fishos, very butterflios of tho doop, float post flashing in iridescence with every subtile turn of their painted bodies. Star-Ash, at first apparently itationary, as though in midwntor, glide across tho illusive plane of glass, with their thousand friugy disks of root, rorango crans aun mouusKs ami bivalves Bport on tho pebbly bottoms, uid portentous monsters, with great | gaping mouths, threaten ns as they emergo from thoir nebulous obscurity I and steal to within a few inches of our faces.?Bcribnor. i ? ? i Newfoundland, like Ireland, has no I snakes. FLEET HOMING PIGEONS ti VALUABLE AITOALS THAT KLT A XKAirr MILES. k Some Uses to Which They Are Pat? Jj Delightful Sport of Great Fractt- ' ssl Value?Method of Training. * "T" ? OMINQ pigeons aro frequent- n ly spoken of and written about 1 j as carrier pigeon h, says tho e G Ohioago PoBt. This is not b correct; the carrier pigeon iB now kept , only for show. There is so mo differ- r enco of statement as to who introduced ? homing pigeons into America. Fran- 0 eis Whiteley, of Nowark, N. J.t who fc hos a vory large loft, Bays that ho was 0 the first to own homing pigeons, and introduced them in 1865, when ho built b a coto in New York. p Most printed works on tho subject p say that John Van Opstai, of Now York I, City, had tho first pigeons here, and D that he introdnoed them in 1872. \ However that may be, it is certain that , B the sport of flying homing pigeons has n now reached very largo proportions ia b the United States. Most homing fan- $ ciers belong to homing clubs, and the i clubs aro united in two central bodies, ' 0 the American Federation of Homing y Clubs and tho Eeaguo of American c Homing Clubs. 1 t Ono hundred years ago pigeons woro ' o regularly employed in England by n commercial men and others to carry b messages and for record flying. It is , likely that tho old carriers, dragoons n and horsemen wero used as mcssago t carriers thon. Pigeons had boon so t employed in all parte of tho world g from time immemorial. t Helgiinn then, as now, devoted most c attention to tho flying pigeons, and it I is in that country that, tho superb f birds once called flying Antwerps, but c now known as homing pigeons, wero I dovolopcd. This wonderful brood has been pro- j duced by tho fusion of many strains, i including tho English, dragoon, a Bob i gian pigeon called tpi smorlo, which i from its round occasional c frills was probably of owl parentage; ( a round-headed, high-flying l>irl \ called . tho oumulet, tho barb r.nd < others. Tho homing pigeon was brought to I a degreo of perfection sufficient to ( drive all other birdft-ftdHV about fifty years ago. Tho metho 1 oI --hteodlng was of courso to pair the best ' performers regardless of color or type, l It follows naturally from such nu ail- < mixture of breeds that there is much i variation of type among tho homers of tho prcsont. Those characteristics, I however, persist in all first-class flyors; i tho head is broad and well developed, I the wattle is small, tho breast and i shoulders are deep and broad, and the i hindor part of tho bird tapers grace- j i fully. j 1 Perhaps tho best performance re- , 1 corded by homing pigeons was a flight ] from Dax, France, of 502 English j miles, at the rate of seventy-two feet a | second, or nearly twelvo hoars on tho wing, or 14-17 miles per minute. A carrier could cover about 150 miles in the same time. The use of pigeons as regular carriers of messages, of course, declined and almost ceased upon tho introduction of universal postal and telegraph service, but they have frequently been called into requisition during later years when, for one cause or another, noithor mail nor telegraph could bo used. Most Governments, including that of tho United States, now keep birds in training for military purposes. It has even been proposed in somo quarters to keep lofts of birds regularly on tho ships, and it has been imagined by those unfamiliar with the abject that it would be possible to train birds to find tho ship to whioh they belonged, no matter whore it might be located. The quality that renders the homing pigeon valuable as a flyer is his lovo of home and wondorful memory. If he be liberated at any point, no matter how fur removed from his homo, he will try to find it. But if the route from tho place of liberation to the home left be one with which the bird is entirely unacquainted, it is a question of chanoo as to whon it will roturn. if ever. It is for this reason that fanciors beforo allowing their birds to make long flights test them with shorter flights in the same direction from home as tho location of the "tossing" point for the longer journey. It is the common practice of pigeon fanciers to lay out those training points in as near an air line as possible. When a homer is liborated iu a strange place it will first rise to a considerable height and fly in widening and rising circles until its keen eye catches sorao feature of the landscape that is familiar. When this occurs the homoward flight begins at once and is continued without cessation till home is reached or night, storm or hunger brings the bird to the ground. The homer's greutost enemies are the hawks and pot hunters, and it is through these agencies that many birds are lost. Alio rules governing tnc nying or hoinors for records are simplo. Hocords uro kept by the Federation of American Homing Clubs and the League of American Homing Clubs. A bird from which a record is desired must wear upon tho left ankle what is known as a seamless band. They aro furnished both by the league and federation upon tho application of any fanoier, whether ho be a member of a club affiliated with the central body or not. Upan tho band are stamped tho bird's number, the year it was hatched and the initial of the owner. Tbo band is slipped over tho foot soon after tho shell is shattorod and in a fe v days the foot becomes so large as to prevent its removal. From that time the bird is officially J known by its number, which, together with such particulars as tho name of the owuor, pedigree?which is kept us carefully as that of horses?date of hatch, etc., is sot down in the books of record. When a fanoior desires to get a record for a bird, he notifies one of the contral bodies two weeks in advanoe of the day of flight, giving his own name, the number of the bird, the plftoo from whioh tho flight is to bo made and tho distauoe to be oovered. The bird is takon to the place of toss a specifled timo before the flight, and if possiblo a representative of some olnb is present when the bird is liber* i ated and tho timo of tossing is telegraphed to tho central body. I tf .* ^WJ . juarmkt*? < Previous to flight metal strap trite be number of the bird and date of ight has been fastened around the 3g which doos not bear the seamless and. Upon the arrival of the bird at omothis strap is detaohed, sent to be noarest telegraph offloe, from rhioh a message is dispatched, giving he number of the bird and whatever lorkings the metal bands may bear. An allowance of six minutes for very mile betwoon the office and the tome loft is made, and the messenger rho carries the band to the telegapher must run or Walk. He must lot use a street car or a carriage, nor an ho ride a bicycle or a horse, and be message must be signed by the perator. Tho homing pigeon is an interesting ircl. More than any other fancy ligeott he resembles the ordinary ilgeon. If you desire to establish a oft of your own, tho initial exponas teed not bo any moro than $60 Or $76. ron will go to somo reliable fancier nd from him purchaso a dozen birds t an expense of $25 or $80. You oan mild a loft tuat will do very well for 25 more, and ihoro you are. If you live whoro you havo plenty I room tho loft can be Bet in tho bacs rard, but if you livo in tho city yotl nay find it necessary to put it \ipon ho roof of your house. In fact, somo if the moBt famous lofts in America iro perched upon tho flat roofs of cit/ louses. If any of tho birds yon havo bought ,ro old ones you will find it necessary o keep them in closo confinement all heir lives, for onco liberated they will liralv iwnlr tlmir ntvn Vwimn nnil lie Inst 0 you forever, or until tho former >wners roturn them to yoil. The toiner is not a very mild bird. In net, ho is pugnacious, and can be aught only by its owner in tho loft or )y tho aid of a specially contrived net. The essential features of a loft are >lenty of room, cleanliness, shelves for losting, a bathing place furnished with running water, an "area" and "bob vires." Tho aroa has a hinged door >pening into the loft on one side, and in opening protected by tho "bob vires," which communicates with the autei air. Tho "bob wires" are so arranged hat when the returning bird lights on 'ajjolMMtFSliiide and desires to entor Iney will swing inward and allow him to (In so, but will not swing outward, rim is to keep tho bird that lias just made n flight a captive until ho can be axamined and the time of hiB return noted. The falling of tho wire after tho en1 rinse of a bird mnkos a curious littlo jound, which is known to fanciers ai the "click of the bob." It is anxiously nwaitod when a match is in progress, and is always followed by a hurried unclasping of tho metal hand that hat been around the bird's leg, and a mad rush for the telegraph ofiioc by the person appointed for this purposo. Statistics About tho World's Fair City. To-day, careful estimates place the population at 1,400,000, and tho probability is that it above rather than below that flguro. The area within the city limits is 181 square miles. There if over $200,000,000 invested in manufacturing industries, producing annually upward of $550,000,000 worth of goods, and paying employes more than $100,000,000, The wholesale business of the city aggregates more than $500,000,000, and its commerce more than $1,500,000,000. Its moai products alone are valued at $130, 000,000. Tho bank clearings are nearly $5,000,000,000 a year. Ovot $50,000,000 have been invested in publio schools, whose maintanonce costs from $5,000,000 to $6,000,000 a year. There are 800 privato sohools, 350 seminaries and academios, and four universities. The publio Kbrarary contains nearly 200,000 volumes, and has a circulation greater than that of any other in the United States. Tho other libraries of the city are estimated to contain over 3, 000,000 volumes. There are ovor 900 daily and weekly papers and periodicals, and 700 literary organizations, There are about 600 churchos. Ovei $300,000,000 have been expendod in the construction of buildings since 1876, and the annual expenditure for this purpose is botween $45,000,000 and $55,000,000. I have said that there is something liko destiny in this unexampled development. So there is; but destiny 1 xl # x in nRTfjy iiuotmir iiuuiu lor liuiurtii luw.?St. Nicholas. WISE WORDS. Wo not peddle your principles for a Jiving. Tears are the tribute of humanity to Ita destiny. There's many a leap 'twixt the boat and the slip. Pay as yon go and save enough to oonie back on. Do not permit the good luok of othorB to disoourage you. A wise man always keeps on hand enough resignation for any emergency. A rational nature admits of nothing that is not serviceable to the rest of mankind. For his bounty there was no winter to it; an autumn it was that grew more by reaping. Nor for thy noighbor, nor for thee, be sure, waa life designed to bo a draught of dull complacency. Some will always be above others. Destroy the inequality to-day and it will appear again to-morrow. Covetous men neod money loost, yet most affect and soek it; prodigals who need it most do least rogard it. To an honest mind the best perquisites of aplaoe ore the advantage# it gi res to a man of doing good. rroieotlon Against Folson. Most ancient kings and noblemen rcliod, to somo extent, at least, on enpornatural and magioal means to protect themselves against poison. Ono kept a poacock id ways near him, because that bird rufliod up its (eathors when any kind of poison was brought near; anothor had a eup and plate set with opals because this gem was supposed to turn pale whon touched with poison; another s rhinoceros horn, which caused poison* ous liqnors to effervesce. One woro n ring as a charm, another a bracelet, fl third an amulet. ?Detroit Free Tress. y SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL^ Lions, bears, goats and other animals tako to the tobacoo habit. The largest stationary engine in the world is used to pump out the zino mines at Friedonville, Penn. Its driving wheels are thirty-five feet in diameter. The eloctrio railway has penetrated even the fastnesses of the Tyrol ess Mountains, a road twenty-seven miles long being projected between Riva and Pinzolo. The oarbon of the food, mixed with the oxygen of the air, furnishes fuel for the body, which evolves tho heat in exactly the same way that a fire or jandlo does. That fragile and i>aradoxical wonder* the "snow plant," whioh is found in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, is prouounced by western botanists as probably our most romarkablo plant. Lightning is zig zng because, as it condenses the air in the iminodiato advance of its path, it flies from side to side in order to pass where there i/i the loast resistance to its progress. The British Admiralty has directed that all ships fitted with 300 and 400 Smpere dynamos are to be speoially swung for tho purpose of ascertaining the effeot of tho dynamos on tho ships' compasses. In Baltimore, Md., a pneumatic devioo for tho front of street cars has boon patented, tho purpose of whioh is to push obstructions, such ae thfl bodies of persons, out of tho way without harming them. A method has been discovered by Fronoh inventor for tho preparation ol a/\ v4 nan Kn ol 1 Awnd wil ii U VP J? OV tuu v ill VUU UU I.VI U1VU other metals generally, and particularly with copper and zinc, to produce a wliito alloy, wliioh tho inventor terina "iron silver." The intensity of confined sound Is illustrated at Causbrook Castle, Isle of Wight, whero there is a wall 200 feet doop and twelvo feet in diamotor, lined with smooth masonry. When a pin it dropped into it tho sound of it striking tho water, 1?2 foot bolow, can bo distinctly heard, A bridge of concrete is boin^f constructed over the Ponnypaok Oreok at Pine Road, Fox Chase, Penn. Tho outside surface will be pebblo-dashed and ontliuod in imitation of pointed stouo work, so that when completed it will present the appearance of a band-' somo cut-stono structure. Four oleotrio lights, each powerful enough to illuminate a "sphere of water" eight foot in diameter, aro to bo placed as many feet under tho sea off the pier of Atlantic City, N. J. Each light will be enclosed in a globe, which in its turn will be in a cose of glass that will proteot tho heated globe from tho water. Fish will not only be visible as they dart across the lighted mass of wntor, but will also be attracted bj the lights. hil(Iron's Horror of Some Animals. Somo childron hove a groat horror of ome animal; it may bo a dog, or tho 'harmless, necessary oat." This is robably instinct. Miss Milford novcr ;ot over hor suspiolon of n cat, and 3 <ld age somo women have tho utmost trend of a dog. Tho common ropugianco to anything of tho snake kind is uitural to all, both young and old, hough horo and thero a person is ound who cultivates roptiles, but thav Ire usually found unresponsive. Chiltren may be led by example and comA?i A.. /(liliuunuip IU VUiUIlHU vUU UUt Ul IIU^I md are much the happier for it. force, howover, should never bo usod. it is a groat thing to accustom cliillren to insects, to show them the bright activity of flies, the wondrous rays of spidors, and tho comicalities ?f car-wigs. Wo should firmly impress >u thorn tho utter innoconco of all those things, and, if possible, tho pretty ways of mioo and tho olovorness >f rats. "Let thorn know that tho bright-eyed toad is harmless and tho fellow jaoketed fvog a merry follow, rod toll them tho natural mission of ihoso creatures. 'Then tho absurd fear it insects would dio out by degrees, rod wo should not havo jumps and icreozas when wet weather makoa iplders busy, or tho small rodonts nib* bio and soratoh. No ono wants to bo yvorrun with thorn, but thoy nro not bbjeots of dread, ond tho dread must be dispelled by familiarity in reason* ing in early ohildhood.?Jennesa Mil* ler'? Illustrated Monthly. Heart Failure No Longer Accepted. Tho Registration and Sanitary Com* mitteo of tho Board of Health has ad* drossed tho following notice to the physioians of the city : "As tho Board of Health is doing all in its power to prevent the spread oi oontagious diseases, you are requested not to place on any cortifloato 'heart failure' as tho oauso of- death, but tho disoase of whioh the pationt was suf* fering prior to tho heart failure. This term has never beon plaood on the list of disoaseB adopted by this Board, it being looked upon as a result of some other illness from whioh tho pationt was suffering. Furthermore, it furnishes an opportunity to oonoeal oontagious diseases, and thus permits the ignoring of the rules of this Board by tne family and undertaker, either In aooentlj or designedly. "Hereafter a burial permit will not be issued on the oertitloato of death of 'heart failure' when unoooompanied with the disease from whioh the heart failure ooourred."?Philadelphia Times. Distress in the Stomach Heartburn, Stok Head- AHj ache and other symp- T ^ tome of Dyspepsia m * ^ Iron bled me for several R: .rm. 1 fears. Slnoe I have been Xp'Wi taking Hood's Sar- W; w f \ i saparllla all this u, L" ohaaged. Dyspepsia' 1 V.,'y^V treuble no longer bothei s , ma I do not have heartburn and I am free from headache. 1 have gained In fleeh and feel better In ever way." Mhs. J. H.C'ooa, Martinsville, IlL Head's Pills ere purely vegetable SB oenta. y^MgpioiNt : 8gp*^^ IMjR iTiKMloa^CO., Wnr Teek. R*w'i This I Wo offer One Hundred Dollars ftoward tot f t\T cm* of Catarrh that Cannot bo cured by Hail's Catarrh Cure. _ F. J.Orbnky A Co., Props., Toledo, 0. We, tho undersigned, have known F. J. Che. ney tot the last 15 years, and believe hhn perfectly honorable in all business transactions and financially able to carry out. any obliga* Broouu, Waldinq, Kikvar a Marvin, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo, Ohio. Hall's Catarrh Cure Is takon Internally, act. _ Ing directly upon the blood and mucous sur- M faces of the system. Price, 75c, per bottle. Hold w by all Druggists. Testimonials free. Is pitoMng great ball jSor LouV Brown's Iron Bitters cures Dyspepsia, Maid. J rla, Biliousness and General Debility. Gives strength, aids Digestion, tone* the nerve#? creates appetite. The best tonlo for Nursing Mothers, weak women and children. , Ehbet hds supplanted Terry as Pittsburgh Winningpitcher. ; We Car# Kspisrs. No matter of how long standing. Write for free treatise, testimonials, etc., to 8. J. Hollenaworth & Co.. Owogo, Tioga Co., N. X. Woe $1; by mall, fl.ih. Thr New England olubs are all crying lot pitchers. Malaria cured and eradicated from Uih sV?tem by Brown's Iron Bitters, which enr.chej. . the blood, tonos tho norvos, aids digestion. Acts like a charm on persons lu genoral 111 health, giving new energy and strength. Thb pltohers have lost fnore la scouraar' than In efflalenoy by the fnnmssn^ ptf"hing dlstanoa A wonderful Btomnoh corrector?Beeoham's Pills. Beccham'e?no othors. 25 cents a box. Ths Plttsburgs are tho noisiest ooaobers ever gathered Into ono toom. KNOWLEDGE Brings comfort and improvement and tends to personal enjoyment when tightly useo. Tlio many, who live better than others and enjoy life more, with less expenditure, by more promptly adapting; the world's best products to the needs of physical being, will attest the value to health of the pure liquid laxative principles embraced in the remedy, Syrup of Fi&tf. Its excellence Is due to its presenting in the form meat acceptable and pleasant to the taste, the refreshing and truly beneficial properties of a perfect laxative ; effectually cleansing the system, dispelling colds, headaches and fevers ana permanently curing constipation. It has given satisfaction to millions and met with the approval of the medical profession, because it r.< ts on the Kidneys, Liver and Bowels without weakening them and it is perfectly free from every objectionable substance. Syrup of Figs is for sale by all druggists in 60c ana $1 bottles, but it is manufactured by the California Fig Syrup Co. only, whoso name is printed on every package, also the name, Syrup of Figs, and Doing well informed, you will not accept any substitute if ottered* "August Flower" I had been troubled five months with Dyspepsia. I had a fullness after eating, aud a heavy load in the pit of my stomach. Sometimes a deathly sickness would overtake me. I was working for Thomas McHenry, Druggist, Allegheny City, Pa., in whose employ I had been for seven years. I used August Flower for two weeks. I was relieved of all trouble. I can now eat things I ? dared not touch before. I have ^ gained twenty pounds siuce my recovery. J. D. Cox, Allegheny, Pa. <2> glpgl . [ Do Hot B* I with Fastee, Rnarnels And Patau which statu the aU ) bands, Injure the Iron and burn red. V| I The nislof Sun Stove Polish Is Brilliant, Odor1 less. Durable, and the consumer pays for no tin I or glass package with every purchase. MEND YOUR OWN HARNESS IT THOMSON'S H SLOTTED r fl CLINCH RIVET8. Xe tools rrqulred. Only a hammer needed to drive ad clinch then easily and quickly, leaving the elineh bsoieuly smooth. Requiring no ho;e to be made In lb* leather nor burr tor the Rivets They are a tram*. Leash and durable. Million* now iu use. Xfl snfths, uniform or snorted, put an In boiee. A*k retir dealer fbr them, or send 40 o. to sumps for a bos ot 100, aaeortad sizes klau'fd by JUOSON L, THOMSON MFQ. CO.* WALTUkH, MAMU. my one douh?a * wa euro Un m etch. I BLOOD POISON g^ru^V^S , I A SPECIALTY. 1 pate our rallabllty. Our *111_______re?Jl financial backing M $ .00.000. When mereut% todldo potaarlom, en reap rlll? or IJ?t Borings fall, * cuirenu-e a cure?and our W? lo < yphlleno I* Ihe only thin* that will cure pennanuntly. P Hire proof Mt eoeJcd. free. Cook 1uxkdt Co . Chicago, 111. MflNPY Made Easily and Rapidly. Ill Ulib I We wept within Thirty deye, 160 men who hare energy end grit. Will glee them a po.ilIon In whioh the* ean make mo.er rapidly. labor light* Km. ploym.nt the year around. Rronireeno rapital or Kraal eelIon. Home of our beet aale.men are ooantanbore. Addreee M. 0. HUDOINM A (JO.. Atlanta; On. HARD RUBBER rupture. TRUSSES "-"'as.0"I.B.SKBI..KY (&C0..9A H. 1 Ith Mt..Pkllaid<u firoT''AY",u tnr *??? ) out >*hoto? KtSTORAWI ?**?'* KBCOBD*. other Plo. tore* and Frame*. Adilrati, Dept. M, P. T. Corr U Co.,.41 to g Jefferaoa hi, ofcca?S 10ITRE CURED H tf. 17?83 ? Mao'* Hamad? lb* Catarrh It th* Peat. KwRit to tfua, and CTiaapaat. U H i?2M g^hoM by druaateu or acut by otadl.