h '
FAmaLKSS Till HEED
T? tkf Chiton Fnrmtrt / th? UnilfH Sht/tt:
In the discharge of tho duly imposed by
the United Etatos senate ao the commiMte
on agriculture, to investigate the causes of
the low price of cotton nnd the remedy, 1
bare made some investigations which, though
as yet incomplete, authorize mc to state the
following conclusions:
There arc causes for this low price coning
from legislation now in force, and there
are other causes, comiug from needful legislation
yet to he enacted. It is certain, however,
that these canses cannot be remedied
in time to effect the price of the crop now (
about te be p'anted, even indeed, if their
force ever eta be entirely destroyed.
The cotton farmers must, therefore, for
the present, resort to such remedies er
palliatives for low prices as uiny come of
their own notion iuderendeut of legislation.
Tho last crop (1892-03) has brought a higher
price than the precoediag one. This resulted
from the fact that it was much smaller.
The price would have been higher if
there had not been a large surplus
over the needs of consumption, coming from
the very largo crop of tiie preceding year
(18'dl-yj.)
The natural rise in the price of the erop
now being marketed has been largely impeded
by the great strike among operatives
in the cotton factories of England. In this
strike sixty thousand operatives, working
twenty-one million spindles, have stopped
work. The effect of this strike, up to this
dnt?, has been to decrease the amount consumed
by llritisli factories since September
1st 522,000 bales, and is likely to amouol
in the near future to be more than 100.000
bales in addition. This decrease in the
demand has by the certain law of trade,
diminished the price, or, which is the same
thing, prevented the full rise which would
otherwise have come from a small crop
American spinnors oarried over an unusually
large stock of cotton, having bought at the
low prices prevailing in the spring and
summer, and whilst deing an exceptionally
good business, they have taken so far 350,*
( 00 bales less than for the same period
during the last season. This also increased
, Abe surplus.
0?The prespect of another large crop coming
from increased acreage, if (hat should
happen, would not only bo nn effectual bar
to any rise in the price, but would cause a
till further decline. So that now the cotton
rnieers of tho South are confronted with
nut eerioiu question lor solution :
Shall we, by increased acreage in (lie
crop now being planted, as compared to the
acreage of the last season, raise a crop of
nine or ten million bales and theroby glut
the markets of the world, ciusiog a fi'l to
the low prices of 18P1-PL', and perhaps even
lower, or will we, by reducing tlio acreage
te the extent to raise nil our foed and forage
crops and work animals, especially our
meat, corn, herses and mules, increase the
price of our cotton crop and at the same
lime diminish the uses of the proceeds of
the crop by larger reduction in the amount
heretofore applied te buy supplies?
There can be but otto answer to this question
in the minds of thoughtful men. if it
be said that among so numerous a class as
cotton raisers it will lie impossible to get up
an agreeiucnt which will result in combined
action to plant reduced acreage iu cotton,
if this be conceded, then the situation appeals
with still stronger force to each individual
farmer to decroase his own crop to
the extent needful te raise his supplies, for,
in case there altall not be such diminution
in the acreage as to effect materially the
price, so thai the next crop is to be n low
priced one, the advantage to him who has
wieely raised his own supplies will be clear
and manifest. He will nut have to buy high
priced supplies with the scant proceeds of
low priced cetton. These proceeds will
then be in the main a surplus, or nearly so.
On the other hand, if there shall bo such
geneial movement in the direction of raisv
ing a smaller crop as to raise the price, then
? ?>?H who contribute te it in the manner herein
indicated will enjoy this increased price as
. * . the result ef their own wise action and at
the same time be exompt from expenditure
for supplies whielt they have so raised.
After mach reflection upon data collected
from all countries adapted to raising cotton,
1 am satisfied of this paiufttl truth: That
we are never, at least in this generation, to
have generally the high prices for cotton we
once hud. Cettou will never, but in exceptienal
cases and for short periods, be high
enough to warrant the producer to rely
upon it as a meaus of purchasing supplies
which can be raised at home.
Very respectfully,
J. Z. George.
A Successful Farmer.?1 am satisfied, by
careful observation, that a great many
farmers are to Maine for their boys leaving
the farm. 1 have studied this matter to find
where the fault was, for I myself left the
farm whea a boy and 1 thought fer sutlicient
cause. 1 made up my mind to profit by my
own experience, as a boy at home atul, e
boy away from home. 1 went to farming
again when 1 was 34 years old determined
to make it pay. 1 era satisfied with the
venture.
My only bey, now 21 years old just past,
is a thoroughly trained farmer and business
roan, and is in full control of the farm and
all its management. 1 have turned it al!
over to bim. 1 could name five or six of
'larroll county s successful farmers that 1
know personally, that took this plan with
their boys and in every instance it bas
proved a success, their sons arc model farmers,
good business men. and solid citizous.
The future of agriculture, whether it be
on'otitable er unprovable, depends upon how
we train our boys. If you want to go: a
bey interested in your business I know of
no quicker nor better way than to give him
a share in it. Ask his advice in the business
and if his idtai ere better than your
eve, (which will sonretiines be tbe case,) be
honest with him and tell him se and thank
him for it, too. If otherwise explain te him
why he is mistaken. Don't say to him
"What do bo\s know about farming? 1
don't want aay of yeur advice." Such talk
to a bright, intelligent boy discourages him.
If you want your hoy to be a success don't
be continually telling bim that farmers are
filavea for the rest of mankind, for it is not
true. I say that if you consider yourself a
lav# you have made the condition and aceepted
it, because yen have not the independence
(or sand* te lie anything else. Don t
poisen the minds of your boys with such
stuff. A successful farmer is the "early
bird," etc. lie has but little use for the
almaD&c. be gives up the entire stock ef
"chances and hoodoiani" to the weaker
"brsthring."
To be a successful farmer, is to bring to 1
hie aid all the informal ion that can be gained |
from scientific inYestigation and the pbilnaephical
reasoning from caimc to effect, lie
does not read agricultural papers and then 1
blindly practice all he reads, but be sifts '
out that part that suits bis soil, and spsoial (
conditions and uses it in his practice. He
cheerfully takes up the 'order" from the 1
Great Creator "to replenish the earth and
subdue it."?J amen Haslet in Farmers' Guide.
LOCAI, ltKCOMMr.NI> AXIOMS l> F.<Jt IRgl>. J
Washington, March 1 ">.?The l'reiidential
postmasters sent to the Senate today, fire in .
number, comprise ell of the esses new complete
and ready for action. The Post master
General has notified Senators and members
of the house that hereafter he will require,
in addilien to their recommendation, some
local expression of the patrons of the office
ae to the fitness of the applicant. t
? (j
Liqui* ani> Dry Measure.? No table of
liquid measure in the books stairs the fact, '
but a person, if he tries, can get a peck of K
trouble out of a pint of whisky. p
i
If.e JOccKfy Knion ^iiiics
R. M. STOKES, - - Editor
Frielny, March 21, 181)3.
supsc/urriox, $1 go per annum
P08T OFFICE DIRECTORY.
The P. O. will be ?pencil for business
from 8 A. M. to ti.00 P. M.
The Moucy Order Department will be
opened for business from 9 A. M. to 4 P. M.
Mail going South will close promptly
at 11 A. M.
Mail going North will close promptly at
O.:i0 l?. M.
The mail will be taken from the street box
i*> minutes before closing each mail.
Any inattention or irregularities should
re reported promptly to the P. M.
J.C. HUNTER. P. M.
New Advertisements
Spriog Opening? Graham & Sparks.
Spectacles and Kjrc-Glasses?Union Drug
Co.
Rank Stock for Sale?I. 0. Long.
Final Discharge?J. VT. Scott.
Condition of M. & 1*. Dank.
Mre. i.mni has gane to market to
purchase her Spring stock of Millinery.
Now, ladies, look out for something nice
and natty in the way of head fixings.
r&" There ia n new and very important
move on foot that will, if carried to completion,
contribute much to the business
prosperity of this town. For good and
sufficient reason, we are not quite ready te
"let the cat out of the hag." If any one
wishes to secure some of the cream of the
"good time coming" in this rising and
growing town, now it the lime fer them to
strike for it.
ttaif" All doubt ns to ex-Senator Hampton's
appointment to tho office of Commissioner of
Railroads was removed last Monday by
President Cleveland sending his nomination
to the Senato and its prompt confirmation by
that body. Only within the circle of a certain
poli icnl ring, or clique in this State,
will there bo eny feeling but that of rejoicing
At the appointment of tho beloved hero,
statesman nnd citizen.
ls&~ F our fights and a anew storm made
tilings in this town pretty lively last Friday.
It is a long time since the people of Union
aw so much "blood on the moon." The
next day was no less remarkable, but less
warlike, in that we experienced the weather
of all seasons of the year?sleet, hail, snow,
rain, sunshine and frost, alternately. Friday
and Saturday, March 17 and 18, 1803,
will be memorable days in the history of
the town of Union, S. C.
In a letter from Mise Ilattie Oetzel,
when in New York, buying a stock ef
millinery for A. H. Foster & Co., to the
ladies of Union, she says donkey ears and
bat wings will be fashionable trimmings for
ladies' bats. lYhew ! Donkey ears sticking
up en a young lady's hat! Wc once
heard of a gentlein in a hat covering a pair,
indicated hy the sound beneath, but under
or over a lady's hat, never. Hats and ewls
will find ne vacant resorts in Union in a
few months. *
The holes in the street, of which we
spoke last week, are getting longer and
deeper, and the sides of the street is now
traveled and getiing cut up hy vehicles to
escape the holes. Keinember lite old adage,
*'a stitch in time raves nine."
We would further eill the attention of the
honorable Town Council to the heaps of debris
front the yards and gardens thrown into the
raid-lie of Church and other back streets.
They are not only very unsightly, but mast
be unheulthy, and there is a (own ordinance
against (brewing such natter en the streets.
We think it is lime the Tewn Council was
doing some work on the etreete, for they
need working bally, and if sot attended to
soon it will cost twice as witch as it would
now to put them iu decent condition. They
never can be kept in good condition so long
as the practice of throwing debris from the
yards and mud from the gutters is permitted.
tea?" The Orand Jury of the U. S. Circuit
Court at Greenville, composed of men of all
shades of politic creeds, did mere to inaugurate
"the era of good lecliug" among
tho people of this State, than anythiog we
have seen or read of, the past three years at
least. Its well timed and well merited compliment
to Judge Simonton was an agreeable
contrast to Governor Tillman's snarling reception
of the Judge's excellent decision in
tlie liquor injunction cases.
The people of this State, of all factions,
are heartily tired of the bickering and strife
that has been kept up botweon them by the
politicians. They want peace and harmony
in their ranks. We honestly believe the
time is very close ?t han?l when true Democrats
of South Carolina will unite at the
polls and rebuke those politicians who have
rode Jnto office under the people's banner
of "reform," but whose promises of reform
havo proved to be only a change of officials
?a prostitution of reform in government to
the greed of unscrupulous office seekers?
and whose offiicial terms depend solely upen
the length of time they can keep the prejudices
of the people excited upon class distinctions
and interests.
On every hand we find a kinder, more
liberal and a more tolerant spirit animating
the people in their political beliefs than has
existed sinee 1880. They are faet kicking
>ut of the harness of the new Columbia ring.
1'hey are fnst learning the lesson that a
iliaage of officiate dees not necessarily carry
fvith it a reform of government.
F.ihtors lis Luck.?The old saw that the
>en is Diightior tban the sword may be true
>r net true ; but the pencil has its innings in
hese piping times of record brexkiog.
Indications point to the auceeis of Editor*
jon/.eles and Crews in their aspirat<ona to
icrve the Government. Bsih nr? crnmi
rue men mid the service will not suffer in
heir keekping. The Government will gain
vhat the press loses.? Grrtnville AVie*.
If /'resident Cleveland don't uiske "exre*es
meet" in the above appointments, we
Ion t know whst extremes in South Carolina
clitics mean. We. however, will be right
lad if friend Crews does get the Laurens
ostniaster plum.
CtxT President Cleveland hat decided te
cell an extra session of Congress,-t j convene
not later ihnn September 1st, His object
is'to repeal the McKhilejr tariff law and
substitute for it a tariff lair in accordance
with the Chicago platform, lie also wishes
the Sherman silver law repealed and a substi'uto
for it enacted.
It is now generally understood in Washington
that ex-Congressman Hemphill will
be appointed one of the Judges of the new
District Court of Appeals. Mr. Hemphill >
has the highest endorsements from all the
leading Democratic Senators and Ropresen-'
tutirc*, as t > his ability and fitness for the
positieu.
-The President very emphatically defined
U ...n. U.I uipiimu VJ u HV9UT11 Vy??"
gres?man who solicited an appointment for
a constituent. He told Mr. Cleve'and that
the applicant was a good Democrat, a good
fellow, and,, furthermore, a relative of the
Presi lent himself.
"Tint eettlcs it," Mr. Cleveland is reported
as saying. "His name cannot be
considered," and then the Piesident is said
to have read the CoDgaessmsn a lecture on
the dangor of appointing relatives te office,
iu which lis placed himself on rocord as
aga:n?t nepetism in a'l its shades, meaning
and applications.
?
Factory Notes.
The liveliest place in town is al the factory
railroad and stone quarry.
Capt. May is pushing the work on the
railroad to the utmost. There's no idle
time spent there. The negroes and mules
don't feel the least like frolicking when
they quit wot k at uight; and one mule last
Wednesday sftcrnoon looked as if he weuld
quit work forever if they didn't give him a
rc-t so>0. We looked at that mule and
mentally! hanked our stars that wo are, not
a railroad'niuie
Mr. Graut is pushing the work in tha
stone quarry with his usual industry, and
bat already hauled a large quantity ef rock
for the foundation on the mill sito. The
quarry is only one or two hundred yards
from the site.
Lumber it being rapidly hauled on tho
ground, and Mr. Sharkey is preparing for
work in that lino. Everything is working
together in harmony, and wheu the "fill"
in the railroad is finished We may expect to
see the mill buil ling and operatives housos
go up like magic.
Old Union is putting on the proudest and
most hopeful kind of airs, and her business
people are just opening their eyes, their
hearts and their purse? to everything and
anything for ilie general geed.
Remember, we have a fine let of large
framed painting*. to be given away to cash
buyers. Call and get a ticket and see the
picture*. GRAHAM & SPARKS.
Stat* Dispenser Appointed
Gov. Til'man his appointed D. II. Traxler,
a wealthy merchant of Titnmonsville, Florence
county, (he State Dispenser, under the
dispensary law. The Governor has been
active and energetic in making all preparation
necessary for the enforcement of the
law. While we cannot endorse the .law. 1
believing it to be wrong in prineipl?j^a^^
that while it may correct an evil.in WHf
cases it will create greater evils in many
ways, wc hope the people ^throughout the
State will tender th? officers appointed to
enforce it every assistance to give it a fairf
and honest (est.
We recognize both good and evil in the
law, but If the elements for good predominate.
or can bo so directed or managed as to
keep in eheck the great evil of intemperance,
upon the doctrine that "wo may do
evil that good should come," we shall cordially
accept the law as a long'step in the grand
march of ro.;ral peform. "Try all things
and hold fast to that is good.*'
?
GRAHAM & SPARKS can show one of
the prettiest iines of Dress Goods and Trimmiogs
;n the State. Some special prices for
cash buyers (.'all and sec them.
The Coart.
Tl;e March term of court was adjourned
last Saturday morning.
The case of J. C. Richards against G.
KppsTucker was withdrawn, as the testimony
upon which the Piaintiff based his
complaint was found to be utterly unreliable.
The following sentences were imposed by
Judge Norton i
John McMkhau?Larceny from the field.
Six months in penitentiary.
Butler Jetferies?Arson. Ten years in
tha penitentiary.
The Same ? Larceny. Tire years in the
penitentiary.
Charner Thomas. Arson?Burning Mr.
Richard's dwelling, barn, stables, gin nouse
and other valuable properly. To be hanged
the eth day of May next.
William Jeter?Manslaughter. Two years
In the penitentiary.
In the case of C. P. Sims against W. T.
Jents, tho jury, after being out 24 hours,
could not agree, and a mistrial was ordered.
This ie the second mis*rial in the same case.
Mr. L. D. Chi'ds, of Ci .ster, was here
this week.
IflLa r\ I in
aiio viooa itmpiars are arrranging tor an
entertainment to be given in May.
Mr. U. S. Lyles, <?f tbe penitentiary guard |
force, came up from Columbia Inst. Monday
and carried back with him the three prisoners
who were convicted at |he }ast. term ef '
court, to serve the sentences imposed on ,
them for their offences. t
TO THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL.
We have learned from long experience
I lint the only successful way to do business J
is on a cash basis ; so we propose this season (
to make our goods at the very closest cash \
prices, and offer some big inducements FOR '
THE CASH.
Now, if you happen to owe us something s
and can't pay it, and have a little money to 1
spend, ceme and spend your cash with us,
and in that way you can show your appro- t
cation of our accommodation in the past, e
and at the same time make money for your- u
self. u
We have the goods, and the prices are p
right. Come and see for yourself. d
Respectfully, ft
GRAHAM & SPARKS Cash Store. n
f
I'.
^
Correspondence ef tbe Times.
lVetee from SontacSantwc,
March 20.?After eererol doje of
brlorlit ???i I* ? J *
f. o ? T1 OOMIVI f ft* kUl UCU gniQ'
usliy colder last week, until Saturday, when
wa war* treated to a anew atorm. The
flakea ware large an I fell thick and faat.
It however cleared eflf before night, hut
Sunday morning everything was white with
frost?a big jack frest?and the ground was
frozen, which indde us cringe for the f>uit
buds and bloom i. Still it is hoped that
there will be erto igh later blooms to ensure
a moderate crop , ?
Ouano is being}hauled to the farms rery
extcnsivily, snd the indication* are that a
large crop of cotton will be' planted: We
wonder if any of the fertilizers will be used
te increase the hog and hominy craps, or
will it be solely to further the so-called
over pro luction of cotton ? Ouano is rather
high compared with tlie predicti->as of whet
the price of cotton will be next fall. If
cotton does come down to six or seven eeota,
or perhaps lower, how will the fhrmers
manage te pay for guano and the stiff pricss
for hands and provisions to run thorn, if
they overcrop themselves, in an effort to
make a big crop, and let the grass take it,
and then only make a half or three-fourths
crop. I think this is something te thiek
seriously upon.
According te my opinion, it will not pay
to uie commercial fertilizers, unless a small
acreage of the host land is planted, fertilized
we'l, and welV.workei, and that not put
in cotton, te pht in c rn and peas to
raise hogs, in order to stop that litavy drain
upoa ths farm of buying so much high
priced bacon.
Yesterday the Stlom church and Sunday
scbcsl elected its officers fer another twelve
months, as fol'ows:
J. H. Randolph, Superintendent; C. XT.
Austell, Ass't Knpt.; E. W. Jeter, SeoreUry
and R. H. Johns, Librarian.
The Secretary bfShe County Baptist Sunday
SohoelConvstt^bk baa reoaivad notice
from the committee on plase of next meeting,
that the place chosen was Beulab, as
that sobeol and church had rated unanimously
for it. Bettlsh always loves to entertain
it. The next meeting will begin
Friday before the 5lli Sunday in April.
Rev. J. H. Yarberough preached at Salem
yesterday morning and at Carlisle in the
afternoon. Good /congregations were present
at beih places.
Mr. J. Leon Butler, of Mt. Tabsr, was in
Saniuo Saturday, and reported things gatting
in thorough working order about the
Lockhart factory., .
Messrs. Thomas end Outline Hebsen, who
came out here from Mississippi a few
months age, lrave returned te that State.
Miss Eva Hebson returned last week from
Clinton, where she had gone to visit relative.
Miss Fannie Withers, of Clifford Semi
nary, was visiting in S-intuc Saturday and
Sunday.
As variety ia the spice of life, I will send
you for the ben?6t of your renders, a lover's
roproof (no doubtf? from a girl to a boy?
which 1 found recently. 1 will give it as it
was written, puncluaiion and capitalization
and all. I am owpupa^ed to say whether
the parties were.?^.UJor OOlered.- Names
are reserved,
i thought -you te inform you
of my Health nQ^Bind i am Well at the
time and Hope 3Rien (his letter com6 te
Hand it Will tiodwdu the same i Want to
ask you one thinjai nlw.ays Here What yeu
Say about me psMe say lhat you talk about
me every Wher?r|Bo i cff% Here What you
Say NoW if it ma siory aunt Said so i
Want to ask yota '.one thing do you think
that i and jouenW.Wili ever marry and i
Want you to tell die the truth about it for i
Wont to do excuse Writing i
am in JHBli your aftneed
f: E. W. J.
o|t ial
cn'eiH9HH^H^^^raK3^S#MrralnjlgwHi^^^^^HWBMW^
ft1}1? R
lunt ifiKX^jKSfl |WBj5q^^2K the
coming aH3t BMP'
L*?t tilB mfBrSIBKz o**
fnriner3.^^jj^^^^[^^^P['*t ^y^round was
pv*p*r 48 jpiow JHw^4>a c,v*
use ef. I )u r^H Bftft peopTe, generally.
laid in thej^TB |y$ oplnmsnced preparation
for <jDtfP^ jForop this year
Home of them ere^fixing To getbaok m the
eld rut of all coiten and nothing else, except
debte and poverty- As our friend Fagan
Martin would say-v'watch."
Wo know somo burnt ohildren, however,
who will net go too near the fire again.
Kev. J. B. Swann preached at 8alem yesterday.
Hie text' wus Matt. 25: 14 to 30
verses inclusive. The announcement was
made that the communion services would be
bold the 3d Sabbath in April and Saturday
before.
Rev. Mr. iami was toe unwell to preach
at Abingdon Creek yesternay.
Seme people have commenced gardening a
little. Experience of late yeare has taught
them that too early planting is not always
best; but it will never do to let Good Friday
pass without doing most of their planting?
weather or ne weather?and, by the way,
fTaddy Osment nays it will net de to plant
anything on "rotten Saturday," that is, the
Saturday following good Friday.- Gardeners
will please take notice and (hank him (not
us) for the infermaiicn.
One day last week ene of our neighbors
thought he would burn off some grass and
litter while the wind wns up. A strong
blast of wind blew the fire in every direction
and' it btcsirad unmanageable, ft took to
ihe woods and amine the nine' ton* and
broom sedge, and made anch a roaring and
popping tbat it put some pesple lo praying.
They thought their time had come, it's a
very bad something that has no good at all
in iti All is well|tbat eads well.
We find that sweet potato seed is very
scarce this season. Our thanks are due
Mr. W. C. Kirby for enough to plant our
crop. Coleman Kirby is not often caught
napping on anything that pertains lo successful
farming or gardening.
II. A. Foster, J. F. listen and Joe Kstes
vrero appointed delegates to represent Halem
9. S.. at tho township convention, on (be
UGth inst.
Mr. Willie S. Wofford cut his feot severely
icveral days sgo acd wc forgot to mske
mention of the fact, but he baa our sympathy
ill the same. He ie one of the young aeo
upon whom the fature of tliia country depends.
Vox.
??.
Who for Govrrxor??It ie generally
.alked that Governor Tillman, in order te
:?lace himself in a stronger position to make
he fight for the United States Seaatership,
win run again lor Uovarnor, and be elected,
laving whom he wants for Governor plaeed
>n the ticket for Lieutenant Governor. The .
ilea is for him to reolga the Governorship
ifier the election has served hia purpose and 1
et the Lieutenuat Governor step up.
Isn't it about time the people bad some- |
ling to ray about who they want for Gov- <
rnor. One of the meet prominent charges i
nade by the Reform candidates was that
nder the farmer State organization, the '
eople had no choice in" selecting a candi- i
ate for Governor ; but that was out and dried i
>r them by the Columbia ring, llow is it i
ow ? t
r Ifv
i
TEACHERS' COLUMN.
JAS. L. 81'HAIK, Mitor, KtU Jane S. C
MKS. II. ti. CMFFOKD,)
>AHUUD)>.
L. W. DICK, i
Programme of Teachers' Association
The regu'nr meeting of the Teaehers'
Association will take place in the Orn<le<l
School building at Union, on I he let diy of
April next. The following is the programme
:
Music?Miss Sallie Munro.
Arithmetic. .'?rd year?Mr. \V. W. liruce.
Mies Lorena Hawkins, J. L. Strain.
Music?Mi?a Johnnie Sanders.
Question Hox.
Music?Miss Sallie Munro.
International (5 rum arm r Work?Mr. F. L.
Wilson, Mrs. M. K. Britton, Miss Brandon
Bodgers.
Music?Miss Hettie Murphy.
e ,
We hops the corner stone of the teachers
library will be lail at the April meeting of
the Teachers' Association, and that before
the Summer ends the Association will hare a
library wlrch will reflect credit upon both
the cause and county. As soon as the
friends of education see that we are in
earnest, end need a library for our w>rk,
books will pour in by the score, if not hundreds
We'll nuke the eflort, anyway.
The maxim, "Ideas before words," may
not be a necessary principle, even of primary
instruction, hut it is exoeilent advice. The
objeot should bo to teach both the idea and
its sign, and especially to connect them
indisselubly together; and to make this
connection sure it is wise.to teaoli the idea
before the word, whenever it cau be done.
The facility with which children learn
words, especially as sounds, is constantly
giving them new words which lo them have
ne meaning. It is the teacher's imperative
duty to set that empty words are filled with
their ideas, and especially that all new
words, learned and used in schools are
associated with clear ideas. To this end,
net only ell primary concepts, but all concepts
that involve primary concepts?which
are dim or blurred, should be taught objectively.
Memory Lessons
The lesson may be defined ns a teaching
exercise whose aim is instruction, or drill,
pr both. Wlim instruction and drill are
united or blended in a lesson, the one is
usually made subordinate to the other. lu
teaching those arts that involve manual and
vocal skill, ns writing, drawing, singing and
reading, instruction is preparatory and has
a less prominent place than drill. It is
intended to give the pupil a clear idea ef
what he is to do, and how he is to do it.
Knowledge is needed for guidance, and the
clearer the pnjil's grasp of this guiding
knowledge the more fruitful will be his
practice. But. in imparting skill, knowledge
mast be supplemented by continued and
persistent practice.
The child's mind should be increasi ngly
stored with beautiful and vital truths, oxp
ressed in choicest language. Our Eogli-h
literature sparkios with gems which become
a rien treasure in the memory, It has been
argued that it child should ntver memorize
language which lie does not fully understand.
The writer is glad that such a rule
was not observed in his early training.
There is much vital truih that we never
fu'ly comprehend until experience unlocks
the meaning. This is especially true of rerigious
truth, which we know at first only
in part, and whoso meaning grows clearer
^nd richer with our years. The question
involved is chiefly oa$ tf degree. It does
Q?t subvert the important principle of elementary
teaching that the memory should
Wait upoq the understanding.
First Reading Simplified
As girssi lu a late number of the School
r -1
u uurnu*.
The new arrangement of the Plionctic
Word methods of leaching that has been
successfully tried) and is now being genera'ly
introduced in Brooklyn is, in practicp,
at follows i
I. About eighty words are taught by the
word and sentence method. The words raoy
be selected from any book?no chart or
primer reading is required?they may bo
related to any subject or subjects the teacher
chooses. They must include a number
of nouns, verbs and adjectives, the most
common prepositions, and other par!s of
speech needed to form a great variety tf
sentences. As a rule, phonetic word* are
avoided,
II. Whi'e these eighty words are boing
slowly acquired, the phonetie method is
introduced by a series of very careful steps.
Those sounds are selected for the first drills
that run into each other easily, as f, in, r,
1, n, s, w, (pronounced oo) a. If t, k. or
any other explosive is used, it is put at the
end of a word. Children sound "mate"
more easily than "tame." The syllable, ing
is taught (is one sound. These easy sounds
need no practice, but may be associated
with their symbols. This is done by rapid
blackboard drill. The teacher write* the
lists in different columns and tbo children
call off as she points. Thsse symbols are
taught one at a time. M and n, f and s are
separated as far as possible, to avoid confusing
the child.
III. A third line of work r>rnrp?dn aimut.
taneously with then two. This is orsl
practice upon words composed of the sounds
in this list and spelled with these letters.
The teaolter gives the touiul and the pupil
calls the word. This practice is continued
with increasing rapidity until the answers
ars instantanesus. The words given with
the first list ars as follows : Ail, jail, etc.,
ate, mats, etc.; lake, rake, etc.; aim, lame,
etc.; may, lay, etc.; safe, waste, wait, faint,
ring, fling, sing, sling, and each of these
with the addition of the sutfix "iog."
IV. When the oral practice of thete
words has baen made perf ct, and the symbols
are ao thoroughly ass <clited with their
louuda that tbey may he called off instantly
?absolute perfection is essential at thia
point?the words are written on the bosrd,
one at a time: their silent letters aro cancelled,
and the children led through ttio
'noundlng" process to find what they are.
This soon becomes interesting, and the
words ere then introduoed in sentences, ene
kt a time, carefully marked, and are read
without diflioully. The werk ia so timed
bat tbc completion of this part of the pho
netic work coinci les in time with that of
the first eighty words taught arbitrarily. It
require! time and patirnce, but when tliia
point is reached, "the btck learning t?
read ia broken." Af?er this the work pro
coeds much m-ire rapid y, though tho sjtno
steps are taken.
V. While litis first list of phonetic words
is being familiarise I in sentences, a second
is made the subject cf oral practice. Thi?
list contains but one new sountj, nn l the
sjtnbol is not taught until the oral work is
completed. Then it :? added t> tho first
list of sytpbuls, which are constantly being
rlwllta.l ..... I. 1 It.. S .1! 1 ? .?
?? ??? mj'vu iw acrj? u|i viae rnpiunj Ul
association, and the worde ara place-J upon
tha board, and studied out l>y ihe chi'drcn
as before, whi'c a new sat is taken up for
oral practice. This succession of operations
is continued through )i?t after list, while
unphonetic words arc cootnuaUy being
taught ty the word method. The second
list is similar to the first, substituting ft or
ta for a. Eat, eel, east, etc.. with the suffir
ing added to them.
The third list is made from the word*
already known by adding tr.
It will be found that * it a difficult initial
letter, and of the short rowels, i is the
hardest to manage. Teachers trying this
system will therefore do well to make their
own lists and, from this point en, obserra
the piineiplea laid down, and lakingadrMgg
tige in rneh new list of all
After the long rowels and,j|^msft^^RflmB
p, g, the
hausted, take up
more difficult combinaiHjMMfl|wflEmnds.
There is ream here for cbolce^Ftra^wBh'j
Thirteen hundred words is an ordinary
number to be taught by thia system during
tha tirst term. A thousand may be adopted
as the minimum.
ArithmeticalA
dealer inrested (t>00 in flour at a certain
arerage price per bushel. He sold a
number of barrala for (216, at (6.76 per
barrel, losiag 10 par cent, un tha cost af the
amount sold. At what price per barrel must
ha satl the remainder so as to clear (50 on
the whale ?
A servant agreed to work a year for (216
and a watch. At the end of Ave months ha
had earned (76 and tho watch. What wa?
the watch worth ?
?. . . . ?
Correspondence of the Times.
Snow?Death?Personals in Jcneavllle.
Jonesyim.f, March 20.?Today is rubor
oold f >r this t'ino of the year, but ii is quite
an improvement on lost Saturday evening
The snow fell in regular winter s'yle. The
ground being wot from the rain that preceded
it the snow did not lie, or it would
have been an inch or two deep.
Revs. W. E. G. Humphries and Dove
Tiller filled their respective pulpits in our
town yesterday morning and evening.
The Rosebud Society met at the Methodist
church last night and attended to routine
busine?s. afier which Rev. L>. Tiller read a
very impressive paper in regard to tbe conversion
ef a Jew to the Christian religion,
which was brought abcut by the prayers of
a soldier hoy nnd a g lod Chris itu woman.
Mrs. John T. Fowler died at the home of
her father, C E. Fowler, a' Joaesvil e, last
Wednesday. Mrs. Fowler's deith was nei
unexpected as she had been in declining
health for rome tune. Not long befire her
deaih she was removed to the house of her
parents, to ti e in the home where ahc was
born and reared to womanhood. Her remains
were buried at Gilcad cemetery on
Friday, and the burial service conducted by
her pastor, llev. D. Tiller. Iter husband
told me since her death, thst during the
eight years of their married life no discord
ever crossed their pathway, neither had she
ever grumbled or complained of troubles,
trials or afflictions in life. A husband and
three sweet little boys, beside many other
relations and friends, are left to muqrn the
loss ef tins sweet tempered Christian wife,
mother, daughter and friend.
Last Thursday Mrs. James Gibson, who
lives ou Mr. l>. A T Fqrr\. place, oa l'acolet,
gave birth to a child with the loft m m extending
a little below tbe elbow. It is a
well-developed male phild. except this short
estl.S/.k si V J. t
I...... ni.iv>, iuiib* ? ? iiiuugn 11 na<J been amput
it?il and boa'ed up. Neuher ?r the p?rents
are deformed in any way. while the
nr.eiher can give n? reason for this slr.inge
freak of nature.
Mm. Sallie Lindsay, who has becu in
feeble health for some time, is improring.
Mrs Dr. K. M. Littlejohn is quite ill at
present.
Mr. 11. Free is up and going about.
Mrs. Dr. Orr is vist*ng iu JoaesTille.
Mrs. T. L. llamei is nsitiug her Gafney
City re'ntiees.
Mr. John Archer, of Spartanburg, ctme
down te Joncssille yesterday, and went out
te see Mr. A. G. Means' family.
LeConte pear trees and a few of the peach
and plum trees are iu bleom, but 1 fear they
are killed. The red of the fruit is safe thus
far. TFLiruoMB.
For the Tinks.
News frem an Old Friend.
Elm Grove, March 17.
Editor Union Times:?My Dear Old
Friend?Though absent, you are "still te
my memory dear." The visit of the Tdiks
every week brings to my mind a senson of
refreshing. Long may you live to wield a
dexterous pen for the best interest, b>th ef
your county end State. "Days sboubl
...I
opvtmm unu uiuiiliUUCO Ul J WIS- I
dem." And you hav bvtkf^^ege and Ik*
experience to gude ywmJ^Huibesi and I
wisest conclusions for tl^PjiWB^''r)ML?r I
The condition of our section is nowsHilw-' "
than it lies been for years. Our farmers,
f<r the most part, hare raised a supply belli
of corn and men*, and preparations are
being mat* for a repetition of tho Mine
good conduct for the preient year. The !
cottou acreage was heavily diaiiuishel last
year, and the present wilt not make much, !
if any, increase. Our people, though late, .
are beginning 'to realize the fact that home .
supplies should be raised at home, as this is
evidently the only logieal and true source '
of prosperity to the agricultural people of
the l'iedmont country. .
The fanning interest is at present in a j
back ward condition, owing to lite la'e and
unfavorable season. However, a'l seem to be j
intently in earnest to redeem the time by j
applying themselves to the work with r*doublod
enorgy. The mot*o in this section, J
is, "hope and persevere; do your whole (
duty aud the dark clouds of adversity will J
ere long be chased away by the brilliant <
sunshine of prosperity." jj
Tiie rough wea'her still continues with
us. It has been mowing since early morn,
I .*.11 a? *
?n<i mm continue, tnougn it melts as rapidly
as it fails. I lit nk after iliia this spell J
is over we will have a semen of fine westli- (
sr. "Xe mote it be." ^
Our politic il heriaon eeouis to most of ut f
to be brighter than il has born f?r many j
years, and the e <1 sh p of State will in a |
short tioie retcli the much desired haven,
freighted with her moat cherished wishes.
Long may she flourish on her sunny wsy, t
Until she strikes a brighter golden day : I
When meek-eyed peace shall cover all our h
earth, I
And millions praise (he land that gave them c
b rth. W. M. Foster. t
StateCoubtsto bkTurbidmtoPoutoIP^^^I
Ma? nixus.?Columbia, S; C-, Marah 8.?A
very interesting political rumor earns 0*t
yesterday in reference to the Judgeship in
the Gth judicinl district. It is stated as a
rumor, but wl?H is g Ten in connection with
. it are fac s. It is well known that all of
the Judges who are not on the "right side''
ore elated f r decapitation, and in keeping
with tliiu scheme, and expecting it to be
carried out, candidates are already beginning
te appear. In Judge Wither?poon'a diHrlgL
he will have as opponent, Assistant Attoi^"
ney General Buchanan, and it is thought
that Senator L>. K Fishy, of York, will enttr
the contest. Heretofore Senator Finley has
expressed himself as being in favor of Judge
Witlicrspoon's reelection, but acording to a
well informed source the Senator wiT be a
candidate himself.
In tha same connection it majr be stated
that Attorney Gtnc>nl Townsend is a candidate
for Judge Wallace's position, and those
who aro on the "inside" state that h's e'tetion
is sure.
It was learned from a pretty good source
that Congressman McLaurin would be a
candidate for the Associate Judgeship in
place of Judge McGewao. It lias been an
open political secret that Speaker Jones ha I
been booked for this place and had bis titles
clear, but the advent of "Curly-Hsadod
Johnnie" in the arena adds additional inter...
i. * I.. r. ..i.i mi..
vai ivj me ii^ik me wiijji vaa?i?u a mwii^o
in Columbia admit that his chances fur reeled
ion to Congrets h Mim indeed, for be
hna been opeoljr accused of having used
sharp methods to obtain the nomination
against the Hon. W. D. Evans. In consequence
of Ibis the Hon. J. L. McLautin's
lo Uang on the belt of a
HWH Evans or Mr. NorP^lnT^Talked
nbout, all cf which "Bray be the
result of the dickeriug fir office in Washington.?A'etc*
and Courier.
Eovitiax Cottom IIkrk.?Washington,
D. C., March 15.?The Egyptian
cotton seed purchased by Secretary Rusk
through the Uoited States Consul General at
Cairo, Kgypt^ has been received nt the Department
of Agriculture. sThe purpose of
this impertntion of seed is, as sst fenh in
Rusk's la?t report as Secretary of Agriculturr,
to undertako, with the co-operation ef
expert stations in the cotton States, experiments
with a view to producing cd'on of a
home growth which way scree as an effioieot
substitute fur Egyptian cotten, of which
during the last tiaeal year, more than thrae
million dollars worth whs imported into this
coun'ry, an increase of 15 per cent, ever
last yesr and of considerably more than 100
per cent, over the year ending in 1800. The
cotton see l received at the Department #?nsists
of two of the best Egyptian varieties,
Afifi'' and Baniias." The diUributien
will he made to experiment stations in the
ootton States, and also through Senators for
those Slates to planters whom they miy reomnmond
as persons well qualified and willing
to give Egyptian seed a careful trial. A A .
report on the conditions of soil and climat^^ \
and me>ii(ids of cultivation of Egyptian cot- ion
is being prepared for the Department,
under direction of our Consul General in
Kgypt.
Ittv. J. D. Hlquino' Plain Talk.?The
Ilcv. J. 1). Muggins, of raco'et. the past-r
oT several llnptist churches, surptisee hi*
people now and then with his.pain, evvy- "
day gospel preaching. He has a f.iir iducat
on and a pleasing address and is a lively
pastor. On oue occasion he t-lei his people
te spend nil their spare moments in reading
good books nn I papers and Sryir.g t? learn . ^
something of what was going on in the
world. A few days *g-? he dcnounc-d the >
men of his congregation at one of hie
churches for neglecting their farms and \ .
homes end warning their time running around
to Alliance and pdi'leal n^eeMnga
when they ought to be at hontf. "V'f tfl . ~
them that "you are poutlnually heating
that the fanner is tha prop and support of
sit other enterprises, and hero you apo no{
supporting yourselves and families ia a
decent, manly iprt 0/ w*V
Such preaching as that, c lining from a
man of c insistent character like AJr. I(ug.
gins, will <le goe l in ;he end. Ifo does nt?l
imitate the, -sensational preacher*, but ho
drives plain truths and fic's home te plain
isople, whose habite onl oharao'ers he
understands.-^.Spnrt^nburi/ Cbr. JfctM mi
Oourit.\
Wiiy I^hatk tub Farm??"Why ere so
many young men flocking to tho city ?"
"I will tell you," said a gentleman who
hut rtcanlly brought his family te the eity
from an iuterinr (Seoririo inun k--_
o "?/
are not being taught hovr to farai w[^h p.rftfp.
Thev hate ?oni? to believe, anil the calamity
howlers hate confirmed that belief, that
farming is an opresied and profitless catliog.
Tlioy hear the merchants, lawyers and railroad
officers doneuncei as plutocrats?and
they immediately want to get to town, acquire
n professional or in er can tie education
and grow up t> he pUiloorals tliemsvlvea.
If we cou'd make our country hoy* faal the
dignity of Agriculture, teach thorn intensive
farniing end to bo con'eat with ama'l begin niugs
mid etrict business mamageinent, I am
sure tliey would soon sto the filly of their
atnbit/on to keep c >rncr groceries and b^ng
around justices' courts. Nothing is mbnl
needed in Georgia today than a wide-spread
entbusiaatn among tho young mei for the
cotnfoi ts and peace of a practical farmer's
life."' ?Atlanta Conttitution.
As to Hampton.?We have no idea the ^^ppi
most ardent Admiui?tratieoi*t in the State
would deny that ei-Benaler Wade Hampton's
record is one of unfaltering love and
!oya'ty to South Carolina. and yet it is
laineutahle to observe that the Tillrnanite
pipers in the State hnve not had an approving
word te say of Mr. Cleveland's reverted
determination to give S?n*t?r llatnp ea \
lucrative place under the navr government.
This la strange!
Wlmt ia the general's crime, geail-smro,
Qiat you waujttsflnh^foMvd to sea an old .
man who has growif gttj in the service of
his State, and wheao name and fame will be
an inspiration to generations of Carolinians
uuvvru, ntn mi cu iur t'j ma gorrrnmsni '?
Die declining days of A long sad ereotful
lift, marked *y heroic deed* and an un[|uenchnhla
and incoruparablo lore for the
home of hi* fathers and cenoern for flie
happiness of the peoplt of his nst^ya Stale?
Pray toll us what bis sin may be.?Rock
Hill Herald.
oA
AN KI.KOSXT COMPMMSNT TO llAwrTOji.? V
rhe (Jrecnoille Ntics greets United States
llailw.iy Commits isner Oen. Wade Hampton.
President Cleve and honored himself whsn
he honored the great Carolinian. M?. (Hereand
asserted, so it is reiorted, lhn| he
irould appoint to of^ee only young, rigorous
nen. Hampton in his old age, is the peer
if the youngeU sad most vigorous. South
Carolina rejseted Hampton, tho United
Uatss adopted him. He is to* big fur one
Itate.
Answer Tata Qi/kktion. ? why do ao many
>eople we see around us nceiu to prafer to
uflTer and bo made miserable by indigestion,
Jouatipatton, Diixinrs?, Loss of Appetite,
Liming up of tbo food, Yellow Skin, when
or 76 cents we will sell thcin Hbilih'a VI?aixcr,
guaranteed to cure thorn. 8.-11 by
!t. K. Smith & Co.
8HI LOIl'8 C ATA It 1111 11 KM Kit Y. A
nai ve Ions cure for Catarrh, Diphtheria,
'ankor mouth and lleadaohe. With each A
Kittle there is an ingenious nasal injector ^
br'lhe more successful treatment, ol thrso
omplaint^^^^^^^^w^o. l'rice 60e.