The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, February 24, 1893, Image 2
LAW FOE TRIAL JUSTICES
Thete seems to have Icon considerate
ccmpnint m??lly nhi lit tlie failure of tr-.nl
jus'icts to pr.-pcly under* t ?tsd I heir <luli<s
nod power.-, gi?iii>: ii-e 10 muca cuitusioii
when questions of juris diet i? n ore consider-.
d. Govoroor 'lilttnan ha? ace-rdiogly
ha-t prin>eil in pamphlet form and has issued
the f-U-ivritig instructions and rules
compiled l>v She solic t-u-s :
Si.ctios 1. T? id justices have no rijtht
to stop a pio-ccutu>ti, in matters b'-yond
the:r juris lictiou to try, which is supp rted
by|sutlicioiil evidence; this being a discretion
which is allowed t> the so iciter of the
circu t alone, under tliu Mipvrvidon of the
court.
UM. O ? ... ocrintt
*v.?-.f.\nc prcs?tiec of the prisoner,
allowing him ihurght of cros--csaniiuution.
lteduce the testimony sa taken to writing, |
real it over to the witness, icqu to lt'ni to
subscribe to same, and return tlie same with
pnpers in the oise to the Clerk of Court of
General Sessions. It is not obligatory upon
the defendant to txauiinc the witnesses.
See section 2?>1M of general statutes.
St.c. o. In hotntciile. "1 he date anil
place of ttie woumlii g ami place of ileath,
the instrument with which the homic ile
was couiniiitoil, ami the exact locility of
the wound shou'd be clearly stated in the
inquest or wairaut.
Skc. 4. In burglary ami nrs 11 aril
housebreaking, cniiiiiitlcl under the statutes,
note cireftiily in the affidavit all the
statutory requisition*, v/.: that the building
is a dwe ling within contemplation of
the statute or is located within yards
nnd is npptir ennnt to the dwelling. If any
other k'uU of building, state character and
ownership. Stite all facts clearly in the
affidavit.
In [nijiny, tviiinirxicM upon H
trial or in an atlidi'il. set forth the name
nml itvln of the c inrt before whom the
alleged false oatli was tnk n ; also the extent
language of the perjury.
Sue. l>. in fu gery. t'oriectly desctibe
the instrument abetted to be forg d. atul if
possible set forth an exact copy in the nth- |
dav.t. If tlie a ttva'iou id' certain words
or figures I c alleged : 1st. State the words
und figures as they ex ste i oef re the alienation.
2nd. Set forth the a'ter ut uts when
so altered.
Src. 7. In larceny. 1st. State name of
owner of property stolen. If of a copartnership,
set forth the names of the iniividttal
members, also name and style if the
firm, 2nd. Statu value of cucli article
stolen, if money he stolen state kiu I of
currency and denomination of bil's. If
coins, state value of each piece if possible.
3rd. If written instrument (made the subject
of larceny by Statute) set forth pirtic
ularly the nature and character of the instrument
stolen and the value thereof. 4th.
If the taking be f<oili the person of the
owner uriv.ly, it i< deemed grind larceny
(see section 2V.il general statutes) and is
beyond tlio juiisdictiou of the trial justice,
bill. When violence is made use < f. or fear
excited on the coininVsion of ilie larceny,
it amounts to robbery, and should be sent
amount taken.
8kc. -s. In prcsoruting fnr obstructing
road. state name an<l character of road,
i. c., whether it is a public highway"
or a 'neighborh >od roul" used f-r twenty
years ; set forth the beginning and the ending
of the road, state the point on the roa t,
where the obstructions are placed and the
nature of such obstruction.
Sec. It. Spirituous liquors. Sec section
1781, etc., of general statutes.
Skc. 10. Iu assault and battery. If
ovideiicu shows use of a ueudly weapon, or
nn intent to kill, rob, ravish or maim, or
any other circumstances showing especial
aggravation, the case should be sent to the
Court of Sessions, and the aggravating circumstances
_ stated in thq^
ing as such,cap paper and ink
in taking eVfroffie^and in all proceedings
mark pagdlF ol testimony, and have each
witness to sign liis or her testimony ; take
no testimony or statement of the party
accused unless voluntarily i: a le, and then
do not take it under oath, hut if any statement
is mode have it signed. Give data
jvhen the wound was iufl.cud nud where
(county and State) and upon what part ol
ilie person of the deceased; give date ol
death and where it occurred, and state what
instrument was used, whether a gUD, pistol,
knife, etc. Put the instrument or weapon
used and the clothing, if pierced or bearing
any o her evidence of the cause of death,
or anything else throwing light on the case,
in the hands of some reliable pers.ui who
will keep and bring same to court.
lu suspected poisoning, have physic'an t?
w.ul I* r* ^ -1. If
???. uj/ v?/ui\Kio v? .iiumatii. xi su jciiiiiii
is suspected of having been used, endcava1"
io secure some of the urine. (Joanty coin*
missi oners ore required to pay for analysis.
.See general statutes, section 922.
Escapes. When defendant l-u-t escaped,
see sction 721 of the general statutes, requiring
c >pies of all pipers, nuuo of deceased,
name and description of the person
or persons charged with committing the
homicide, to be seta to the (jovt-ruor within
three days, so thai he may oiler u reward
for the e'Caped. This is mandatory. After
'!io inquest is held it is the du'y of ?hc
i >roner or trial justice acting as such to
ml over any witnesses who may be discovered
as material to the State's case, and the
i -rouer or trial justice shou'd attend court
a person to give infarmation to the solicitor.
Srr. 12. All papers f>r the Court of
Sessions must be tiled with the clerk of the
court ten days before court couvencs. See
general statutes, section 2*12-1. All papers
;isued after that period and before court
?i-nvenes must be filed on the first day of
rke opening of court.
8fs?. Id. Recognizances. As to amount
of recognizances to be require !. See gen' ral
stattttcs, section 2022, also act 188 5,
pages -1 ">0-1, also net ui 188-7, page 319.
Skc. 14. As to biuding over witnesses,
sec section 2023 of the general statutes.
Sue. 1;">. Hooks. As to lawks required
to be kept. 8ee general statutes, kcctiou 852.
ltcports. As to monthly reports to auditor
and treasurer. 8ec general statutes,
sections 80*2.
Sr.c. 10. Appeals. In all appeal cases
eend tip original pipers, including testimoiiy
signed by witnesses; make u full
report of the case an*i of your tilling, and
sign name See general sln'utcs, sections
2040-7-8-9, also 831.
8no. 17. Jurisdiction. Every crime
wherein the penalty ii fixed by statutes at
not more ihnn thirty days imprisonment or
fine not exceeding $100 must. be tried and
disposed of by you ; all others must he
sent to the Court of Sessions, where iIipii
is probable cause, lo be ascertained upon
investigation. See general statutes, sections
823-4-6.
Sec. 18. licnerol instructions.(ti) Every
rial justice is expected to liave a copy of
the general statutes ami of all acts Amendatory
thereto : unless you have these books
it is impossible for you to discharge your duty.
(b) Place the name of e tch witness on
the back of the warrant, place the letter
"11" after each, whose recognizance is
taken, and mark "Com." after the name of
the prisoner, if committep to jail; if admitted
to bail, put the letter "11,' and a's>
state on the back of the warunt what dia
position is made of each do endnnt.
(o) (live tne first Christian name of every
defendant, and any alias he may go under.
8kc. 10. Disposing of property under
lien or mortgage, fend up original lien or
mortgage, and bind over subscribing wiiuess
or witnesses; state value and character of
property disposed of, and to whom sold,
fiutr of sale, and in what county aolJ.
Ifie SDeelfg Hilton "Sinwsl
R. M. STOXHfi, - - Editor
rrUlny, Febrwjr 21. W93.
SUiJSCR/PTIOX, *1 60 J'FR AXXCM
POST OFFICE DIRECTORY.
The 1*. O. will l?e opened for business
from 8 A. M. to 0.00 1*. M.
The Money Order Department will be
opened for business front 0 A. M. to 4 P. M.
Mail going South will close ttr. m.uii.i
11 Aeu\i.K .?vrtn will close promptly ??
*> .10 l\ M.
. nm" he taken from the street box
' > minutes before closing ouch mail.
Any inattention or irregularities should
r? PDiinrtml nrntnnllu l? tl,n 1? \!
J. C. HUNTER. P. M.
New AdvertisementsGreat
Bankrupt Sal-, C. J. Pureed.
Clo-ing Out Sale, Graham & Spatks.
Stoves! Stoves ! Stsvcs! A. H. Foster
& Co.
Garden Seed, lc. a piper, Racket Store.
To Road Overseer*. Co. Commissioners.
Gaiden Seed, H. F. Scaifo & Son.
Our Cotton Market.
The receipts here this week have been
unusually light, on account of tho miserably
bad reads and the decline in prices.
Receipts for week ending Feb. 21;h, 15
biles, l'riccs 84 u> 84
Sevcutctn incncs or snow "fell in
New York City last Saturday.
Forty-nine bales of cotton were
burned early Saturlay morning on the
j Madden Station platform on the Port Royal
and Western Carolina Rnilr*al.
fiidtf" All persons who left watches with
Mr. J. Beilcnsou for repairs are not fied that
ilicy can correspond with him as to charges
fir repairs, by addressing Bkii.knson &
15 ios., 125, S. Main St., Maiion, Ohio.
JGbjT" We regret to learn that Mr. R, W.
Gill am, formerly of this town, is lying in a
critical condition, from a relapse of a severe
attack of pneumonia, at ihe residence of
1.:^ \f... 11 11 it.siavr at r\.i..ml.;..
li&y Gin. 1'. G. J'. Beauregard died at
his residence in New Orleans last Monduy
niglit. Had lie lived until (be 28th of next
May he would have reached his Toth birthdao.
In his death the last full General of
tlje Confederacy has passed away.
tifeifJ H*e arc requested to auuounco that
Geo K. Iloggs, Esq., President of the Ileyvrood,
N. C., Alliance, will attend the meeting
of the North Puoolet Alliance Union, at
Elliethcl, tomorrow (Saturday) and speak
uoon the issues now before the order.
gigif" Attorney G?n. Towusend came up
from Coiumbia on Suuday and returned
Monday, lie left Columbia Tuesday for
Washington to take such steps as may bo
decided on for an appeal to the U. S. Supreme
Court in the rai roal cases. We doubt
much if the Attorney Genetal of any State
in the Union ever had a* much important
bis bands as Attorney General
t dUflllff UurwAu. T.u- auuimimnn^
i Attorneys' toes for extra counsel will make
i a big ho'e in the State's exchequer.
Jftay* II' omit nearly all our local news
1 and much other reaiing matter this
week to make room for the decision ol
t ie U. S. I irouit Court in the railroad cases.
These eases have attracted so much of the
r - . _ .
attention of ttie people of ilie State, and so
many ojinions ore entcrtakni as t) the
true c iwt.s and merits cf the suits, that vrj
concluded there was no better or more satis'
factory source of information than the de
ci-ion of those in authority who have dispassionately
listened to able and exhaustive
arguments from both sides and on all points,
and who, f.om their personal characters
as citizens and high position as sworn
impartial Judges, are entitled to the confidence
of the peopie, they being intelligent
. disinterested parties. The decision sets I lie
controversy bet ween the State aud the railroads
plainly before the people The Stato
has carried the ease to the U. S. Supreme
Court, and employed other ab'c counsel to
a-sist the Attorney (J.siicimI,
?
Remember, we wilt have a big closing out
s de of Winter floods for the next tot) days
to make room for Spring stock.
GRAHAM & SPARKS.
The Juries Drawn on Tuesday
(iltANIi Jl" 110119, TO SBHVK Dl'IUNG TIIB TBAR
189.1.
1 IV. T. Mnbry, 10 M. C. Dortnan,
J C. L. N. Legg, 11 K. T. Kutchford,
0 Richard Jenkins, 1 'I \V . T . Cunniug 1
J. W.Cunningham, ham,
6 C. C. Roberts. 1.1 M. R. F.ce,
ti James S. Little- 1-1 J. F. Spillers,
joint, 16 I. K. Puttlk,
7 17. F. Vaughn, lei George Harnett,
H J. 11. Savage, 17 IV. T. Rynrs,
9 T. K. Long, U 'f. U ll?iu??.
l'KTIT JURORS FOB FIRST WKKK IN MARCH TRRM,
180:t.
1 0. II. Jeter, 1!) P. B. Bobo.
2 J. S. Welch, -0 W. C. Fiuclier,
<"5 Jack Far;', 21 Wm. Jones, .Sr.,
I A.J.Bailey, V'J II. C. Little,
0 Junius Sparks, 23 L. U. Jetey,
(> J. S. Going, 24 I. F. G. Phillips, (
7 IS. B. Wright, 20 J L. Ward,
8 J. (!. Hiclisrds, 2(1 P. S. Webber,
'.i \V. K. McNcact, 27 Frank Vaughn,
lit Jetl' S nclair, 28 p. ]>. Lee,
II J. T. Sexton, 25FCon Allen,
12 J. M. Bewlcy, .10 J. A. Wilburn,
1:1 F. G. Briggs, HI W. P. Bogan,
1 I Jeter lnrnau, !52 John Wix,
15 V. ?. Bobo, 83 K. T. Gee,
lb Paul If. Jeter, 514 J. W. Bates,
17 Jesse Bishop, Jr., 110 J. 0. S. Vaughn.
18 B. W. Whitlock, 30 <j. B Bailey.
PKTIT .11 RORS FOR 8KCONl> WEEK IN MARCH
TERM, 1803.
1 I). B L. Patrick, 10 L. C. Mabry,
2 William Smith, 20 J. F. Carter,
8 A. L. Knight, 21 Samuel Harnado,
4 .1. If. Randolph, 22 II. Orccn Bailey,
5 f), A. Bishop, 28 Janes Mason,
'*> Noah JVvler, 24 James Hughes,
7 W. L. I.awsoo, Jp., 25 W. J. Hodge,
8 Bea'y Morris, 2d U Jf. Mabry,
!' Joseph Vinson, 27 Ira K. Tiiuley,
10 James Siroup, Sr., 28 John Serrico,
11 Ed Oo-satf. {Col.), 20 W. D. Humphric,
12 W. R. Crocker, 80 R. T. Kisfers,
18 John Millwood, 81 J. C. Crocker,
14 J. 11. Jeter, 82 James Burgess,
15 N. 11. Morgan, 88 J. P.McKisaick.Jr.
i< i John Cook, 81 L M. Boy lea,
17 J. W. IJupmphries,?5 J. L. Evans,
18 Llavis tlregory 38 Henry K. Ha wkins.
f9.
'%"JR
?I ?
For tho Timk?.
The fcanitary Condition of ths Town.
.Mm. KntTuii:?At an informal mooting o
sonic our citizens reoont'y, tho subject of
theh-nltli of our town was earnestly discussed,
ami as tt result 1 a n requested to
writ<? an article on the subject fjr tho Tisiks
and a k you tJ publish it. ltcliov'ng that
y. ur t open ted editorids on the subject of a
factory has secured for us that enterpris*,
we hope through the sinte imdiutu to sue:
I cccd in having sanitary lnvs passed juul|
.y ir. ? ?" >n'3 y^r to restore to
CuTu i s former healthy condition. For
what avail are factories, line lots and beautiful
hemes without health.
I know of m better way to put the matter
before the people than by rcnca'ine some
of ih** arguments used at t'u.-il me ting, ns
far is propriety will allow.
It was unanimously agree 1 that Union
li-is tin lust natural drainage of any town
iu th<* State, and it would require only a
small force, directed by a go >d engineer, to
drain it perfectly.
"Dot," said one, "liow is it to be done,
when our authorities are so cn'irely innet've?
And who is willing to approach
them ou the subject, since they have treated
with silence tho advice of the Board of
Hen'th ?"
We must admit that with a doctor and
the owner of two hearses in the Counc'l
our hopes nre well nigh "dead."
-mnntttl not be until, June. Too lat? 1
The hot sun beaming oa the accumulated
tilth in town will then have begun tire work
that will rcquiro both hearses tr finish.
It is appalling to think of the amount of
sickness and death in our midst iu the past
two yc-rs. And oil seem to feel the necessity
> f -nnitnry laws, except tlrsc in autliority.
"l! is reported that the B nnl of Health
intend resigning in self respect ; their
pa imco wi h the Council having long since
"ceased to be a virtue."
"That will net do, ' said another. "Let
us go to them and ask them to bring suit
again.I the Council at the next Court to
show causa why iliey do not, as all other
town authorities d?, pass laws for the health
of ilia town. All their talk about not being
ab'c to do anything without a special act of
I lie Legislature, is stuff. When a Council
-V, |.V.OVU~. ?l'~. 1 Jf ?"
which labor. taste nnd money hive been
spent Ibr years, as was done in the breaking
c f our beautiful fish ponds, jt is nonsense
to say iliey cinnot have the town
cleaned and filth deodorized, without running
to the Legislature."
"JLit," said another, "when you speak
of the Coiinoil, J wnt)t you to except one
member. There is a level-headed warden
who insi-tcd last Summer, on acting en the
ft ivicc of the Bond of Health. He proposed
among t titer tilings to pass an ordinance
rei|U<ring oitizens to keep their premises
clean ant to deodorize their privies
with d:y ea'th. He, of course, was in the
min >viy?progressive men always ore?nnd
he was rid euied when absent, as "small
minded."
1KB!
r tmn "I Iji.J jj?!H before ! And did.jhf,;
4L i. :i . D ...
i cheap, and "dogs in their instinct use it'
Do they not know that such a law is includel
and strictly enforced in the military laws
of nil C0iU> ries ?
1 When Bout Duller was assigned to New
Orleans during I lie lite war, ho knew it was
the nio?t isnhcVihy city in the South, nnc
1 the first law l:c issued was for the liaulinf
' of earth, and chizcns ns wcil as soldiers
were com pel Id to use it.
* The result of tills was, the city was soon
changed iiu^ a wjnuorfijlly healthy place,
and tlie ci iz ns thanked l'rovidence thn
in a'l their troubles they had never had
such tit.e health. Beast Dut'er cared no
for tliein, but in saving Ids i.jen he made
' New Orleans a healthy city,
1 w ill close by asking our progressivt
warden to make another effort lor sonitnrj
laws; and ut the next meeting of the Council
to read from the bible, Deut. XXI11 :
12th nnd ldtli verse*.
Ladies, cull and sec tuir line of Luces and
Embroideries, and make jour selections
before Ihey are picked over.
(illAIIAM & SPARKS.
TRIBUTE OF RESPECT.
MRS. MARY MOOR lit AO TvL^?OX.
At the regular monthly Conference of the
Abingdon Creek Ilaptisi church, held on
1'cb- 18th, 181)3, the following preamble and
resolutions wero adopted :
Whereat, Mrs. M. M. Tollpson, widow of
Elder John Tol c on, ?Lcl ul Gaffnoy City,
r>. C., on Feb. 8, 1803.
For many years she lived ut her home in
our community, and ever since the building
and organization of this church, which owes
its exittcnco principally to the zeal and efforts
of her husband, she was a regular and
fadhfu! attendant; ever ready to welcome
si Imt honsc those wlitrjyms working for
God's cause, and reaJy to work and contribute
for Christianity. A few months ago
she moved-from our < ommuniiy.
Flic was the friend of both church and
Sunday school, and give tier untiring efforts
for the building up and advancement of
both, as long as she w is in our midst. She
tvas a kind and true mother, neighbor and
christian, ami the scat site so regularly occupied
both ?t church an 1 Sunday school
will long appear bleak aj,ii vac in I to the
regular attendants of the church. Therefore,
be it
H'tolvtd. 1st. Tint we deeply feel the
loss of our sister, and will ever cherish
pleasant recollections of her, as a kind aud
faithful member and worker fur Christ, and
that we will try to emulate her faithfulness
to dutv.
2nd. That wc tender to the fami'y of our
i deccasod sister, our heartfelt sympathy in
thejr bereavement and sorrow, and while
wc mourn the lots, wp how to the will of
"Hiui who (toetlt all things well)" grueling ;
and believing tlmt she has received the
welcome plaudit, "Well done, good and
faithful Hcrvant."
3rd. That these resolutions be Inscribed
in our church book, and that a copy be sent
to the family of our deceased sister, in tokon
of our esteem for her ; that the /inptitl Cow
rier und the Uxies Timrs be requested te
publish this tribute of our respect.
J. C. Jbfpcriks, C. Clerk
A car load each of Shingles and lirjck to
be sold at onco for CASH cheap.
T. K. DAICEV.
Feb lO-O-l't.
? ---- # Go
to PUIICELL'S and get a pair of those
$ 1.2-3 Button Shoes for 7oc.
* %
What
It is truly gtafHjying Jo re id the many
encouraging notes at como to us from the 3A
country upoft the assurance of basing a
Cotton Factory here. Farmers living in the
remotest par a of the county send us greet- =
iogs, and net a few tell us that had it been
d< ne ten year'ygo, it mould, in n measure,
liave silenced the demagogical ory of "couu- ti(
try against toWn'.'^u sent| the men who to
raised it to 4h?^|kc.put tliem in the fnc- "
to work. i
Factories aft greot hartuouizers, if con- UJ
ducted with fairness and % just regard for cf
the interest* of all j anics directly or re- I'1
motel}- cr.ucorr.ed in t?eir prosperity. j"
But it is not only the factory in town if
that we w's'.i to see built. With nil parts of st
tho county, we are anxious to sec all three ^i
tf the propo-od factories built, and at tunny
tnoro as the magnificent water powers can ti,
carty ami the individual moans and enter- ti
priso of the c unty can make successful. Vl
Lst us, by a.I means, liavo the great Lock
hart Mills, at tlac North-east of us, and
make it what i s grand location is capable m
of making it, tho largest in the South, or ^
even in the worl I ; and let us also have tho "J,
Macbeth Mill, at the West of us, with its in
sp'codid advantages far the suocessful oper- fo
ation of two go>d factories. 10
There is room nod profitable work for all tf
of them, nud as n aoy more, in the county, p]
establishing every oliaracter of cntcrpriso ti'
among us, even upon the single ground that
each enterprise creates nlditional taxnb'o w
proper'y, tha' wl'l reduce, in the aggregate f0
the tax upon all other properly is tho is
county. ^
The building of the proposed three mills
and the railroads to them will increase the Q
taxable property of Uuion not less than ol
$1,000,000. ,c
The following from a fiiend in the oountry,
gives additional incentives for building
the factories proposed : ni
"There oro many reasons, Mr. Editor, 81
which should make the people of this county |j
heed your appeal to join hands in securing
the enterprises now en foot. Union is their
home, and liumbio th ugh it may be, it 1*1
would be left wi'lt regret. It is easier and
bo'tcr to prosper among frjonds in the same
effort than among strnngcts. There is no
reason why joint effort in Union should not
make her natural advantages equally as st
profitable as less f ivorable circumstances in n
other parts of the South have proved to bo C
to those who unite to utilize them. Factional
feeling always lessons the reward of tl
effoit. "A hiuso divided against itself can- o
not stand." tl
These enterprises jesson taxes by increas- ai
ing values, by importation of capital, and
by taking it out of viults wlioro Auditors ol
cin't find aud tax it. They give tho capital tr
of inexperience experience 1 management, nl
They give paying Investments to small as c<
well as large capi'olistg, and the stock is (lie
best collateral security in ilia mapket, rea l- ol
^l^U^enJor money, und it pays the inter- a
f spend invest?
mepl. Factories crea'e and strengthen
homo markets, by increasing populations,
i thereby multlptylog wun's and increasing
demands. They reward effort by creating
' demands of products of all kinds. <
All Southern enterprises of this class pay
I good divideuds, $nd their shares of st ck <
X are put down ?o sin ill that individuals of
i most limited means can invest lu them." i
PURCELL is selling out for less than
New York cost.
I Go in to PURCELI/S and see the Hats be
is selling at half priee.
Ccrrcspmdonce if llio Tim^s.
Lively News from Jonesville.
Joxbsvillk, Feb. 21.?Farm work lias '
) hardly commenced yet,' and but little will '
r be done before the first >ef March. It will i
be very late tjioo to sow red e?|s. Most of j
our farmers sowed but few oats last fall, oxr
pccting to sow in January, and their oats
i?c mi.- ji-omirj. viusoweu in ine
fall were not kilieil and have commenced to <
grow a little. Win at is smalt, but it is like f
i the Irishman's liorse, it is there. The cotton (
seed trade has rather let up. Nearly all
that cua be epircd have been sold. s
Tlie twelve year old daughter of Mr. Shell <
Pickens, at lilfird Grove school, had her i
shoulder bl-do broken one day lust week (
while playing with some other girls. The
bone was set by Dr. Southard, and she is '
doing well. ?
The Railroad has been hunting up the
township lines, in order to make their re- (
turns by townships, as they have been requested
to do by (lie administration author- 1
ities. t
School Commissioner J. L. Walker was in i
Joncswllo la-.t weak, visiting the schools. g
Miss Addle Lemostcr, who has been Attending
the Winthrop training school in *
Co'umh.a f?r some time, oame up lost Saturday
to see her parents Who live near Jones- t
d'ki i ? -- n
Mr. T. Jones, of Saoiuc, and his proung
bride wero visiting relatives io Joncsville on n
last Sunday. o
Mr. It. Ftec, who has bad the fever for %
some time, is better. Dr. Littlejohn, his n
attending (hys'cian, thinks ho is out of
danger unless hemorrhage sets in.
Londy llames is eick at present, but not c
dangerously vo. a
A Rosebud Mis-ionary Society was organ- ^
ized in Joncsville last Sunday with over 40
members. Tho following officers were elect- ''
; od: E. R. Ay cock, pres.: Mies B. V. Fowler, c
vice-pros.;Mjsf Tt/'aryio, E>i^n, trees ; f. T. 2
Williams, sec'y. It is to lie conducted on
tlie same plan *s Unc)e Larry's Rosebnds of '
Vrginla,
Mr. llenry llames, a young man who q
lived near Joncsville, has aocepted a clerk- n
ship in the store of J. L. McWhirterA Co.
Oue white man and several colored were
moving around:oulte lively in t>>wu yester- ?
day. They had been Stirred up by Bud
Whit lock for a little tax that was past due. t(
One negro said bis was only 40 cents qt first
but now it yr/ts $3.'GO. Anetlici said his was w
only a poll, but It bqd grown to about $3 50. g<
Ope .a?id lie Dr. Thomas t|i
came *juqd ; ^oothfr it while still
another said he wtat to Union but pould not
get in the Treasurer's office, ett).
I don't think any of them will oarry their
elites 10 mo U. H, Ourt, but will poy, if
llutl will give tbetn time to get up the
money. ' se
"A little mere sleep, * Tittle more slumber,
a little mere folding the hands to sleep" is
not only dsngpeour in a temporal way, but P
it causes many people to lose their own vi
souls. | Tklkphonb. an
L ?0rt *
W int r Moo s And Shoes going at big bnrgsiu<
at \ GRAHAM & SPAUK4. no
;
t
TEACHERS' COLUMN.
S. L. Tditor, - Rtta Jana, s. c
MR*. B. G. CMKFOP.DA I
Assistants.
L. W. DICK, ) 1
There is nctbirg io our opinion so ablu'ely
ticccs- *ry in a teacher's work as at
I times to bo ready ti conduct the rcc:tu>gs
(tither otnl or written) so ns thereby
infuso life and energy in his classes. A
takness or inability to perfenn this work
hh e?so and dignity tends to obstruct the
enues to lenrniup ho is expected to opan
?. Me:hod is but orderly mechanism. I h
Bchncy depends up.>n what the lonelier
its into it. and a teacher can never put
to anuth 'd what he docs not possess,
c is (lie iouI of liis methods and measures.
' ho is weik, they will bo weak, if he is
tong, they will to strong It follows ihat
iiowledac nuat be wisely selected and
ranged to that the successive steps may
How tacit other in their natural order, and
io entire mechanism may work with beauful
precision ; and yet, if the whole be not
italized by the living teacher, the system
ill be a f iluic or oven worse than a failre.
The more scientific a system of teaching
ay be, the more essential is the teacher,
routine of mere book lesstns may be conructed
by a blind plodder, who can turn
to recital ion crank, but a system of tcncliig
that ha* for i s grand aim the r ght uni'ding
of the mind and heart, requires the
is:gbt, the in-p.radon of a mis er in the
aclier's a-t.
We liavo hcen slow to learn that philosoliic
methods of teaching are only pract;cjle
to those who nave some insight in<o
un?c preparation oocxten-ivc with ha
sties. It dots t ot rnorcly tequiic a genal
pitor preparation for the teacher's
ork, but in addition a daily prcpanvim
r every exirciso. This daily preparation
quite esscatuil for the reoitntion and the
ghest and tti rl f. uitful teaching is not
jssible with u i\
A young teacher once ns'ud President
arfield, tlit-n of lliraui College, the secret
T the art of arousing and holding the atsntiod
of pnpi's llis answer was :
"See to it that you do not fee I your pupi's
a cold vie unit."
Take the lcSson into your own mind
new, rithink it, an I then serve it hot and
emiing, and your pupils will have an apetite
f r youc i.isruction, and you will
nve their attention.
Dough, n | ie *e of land for $lo00, and
jreed to pay lor it in five equal annual
istnlmenti, at 7 per ccn\ interest. What
ithe amount of caolt payment?
Hints oil Teaching Geography.
1. Dcgin by tolling the young pupils
ories about ohil 'rcn and j eople and Uocstic
animals i f home and other lnuds.
omparo limit* uly.
2. Head ah' Ut tito people, (lie animals,
ic plnnis and the product! of home and
liter lands. lMnt out ilic countries on
te globe. Talk freely abcut what is read,
ltd compare somewhat carefully.
HeadabouJ the in iu-trios and customs
f the pcplo of different countries, and
ilk about ihcm, with a g'obe before you,
llowing the children to locate the different
juntries.
4. Head about eminent men and women
f tlic iyor!d. l)rxw lp-sons from the charters,
and tillf '.biJUt their inttitence upon
thers. Bo sip e tint the pupils can point
t'kson tlio gl the the Qjuulrie* in.urh;ch
fltess per:ons lire or lived.
6. Use as help- tbe Geographical Headers,
known as 'The Wor d and its l>eiple.'v
Five volumes u w toady: Fist Lessons,
80 cents 1 Olympic of the World, 36 centi ;
Our own Country, 5u cents; Our American
Neighbors, GO con's; and Modem Flu ope,
60 cet's. Th-y are most charming and
helpful looks. Tlirir use means a more sensible
mrtiiod of geography work in our
schools.
These bioks ntty he obtuinc 1 from Silver,
Burdett & Co., Fubl shers, New York.
Ways of Treating Written Exerciser
A teacher's duly ?s not fully performed
until the pu: ils comprehend the full meaning
of ctcvylhing thoy lenrn. No ono cm
learn to do a piece of work tyell unless he
is compelled to do it himself. Many teachers
ill over our country arc do ng work which
be pupils n>jgl)t and ^houl 1 accomplish :
A lesson is ttss'gned requiring the writing
>f sentences. Of course they are written
it home. The next day the stack of papers,
veil wiittcu and carelessly written, are
lolemnly collected and placed on the teichsr's
table. These she must mark during
ecess, noon hour or at night, giving presious
moraonts to a work that is productive
>f no belter results on the part of the scholtrs
; and to what end ?
Correcting papers in this way is one of
he nerd less tasks teachers imposo upon
hems-dves. It is Houseless drudgery, and
he time could be more profitably spent on
ndividu tl Attend >n among dull pupils,
lurely, more eathfac'ory results would folow,
Qf coipse |t has never occurred to these
cachet's fJiqt the members of (.hat class
fight bo tcugbt, to ?orrect them. They
sjght he exchanged and corrected hy^Vory
ne. Pupils need n>ucti study of oapitalisti
>n, punctuation and spoiling, lience the
dvantage of this plan.
There is in almost e?ery class a b'ight
bi d who w it gladly corroct oil of the
zeroises?provided there aro not t.o many,
hen Ihe teacher miy require the pupils
3 ru-wrilc them, making (ho necessary
nrreotions. This will bo found lo In a
pleadid plan aince it will cause eaoh pupil
) bo more careful at flysf.
Pupils learn lo do by doing, so wo should
of. deprive them of a benefit ; and it doea
dt improvo (lit; dutpqsitlan pf the tnacher
i correct twenty exoro.se papers oauli O'en
"gHad
each member ofihe class one paper
> look over, study and correct, the benefit
onld have been more lasting, and far more
)od would liaya rtftullqd than the g>od
ley would otherwise do by contributing so
ucb valuable matter to the waste basket
InquiniKO Traohkk.
Telllde How.
JJow should a pupil be treated who is very
If willed nod stubborn T
1 have tried to reason with, to coax, and
irrusdc, until "patienor ceased to be a
riwe." I tried the virtue of a cedar twig,
id it was productive of no better result.
'
Fino Dress Goods at PURCRLL'8, going
iw at half prioe.
RAILROADS VICTORIOUS.
4I1EBUK3 fixed mn oosrrwrr of c.?crt.
Charier tun, Feb. 10?The Unitc-I States
Uniri has decilrd tho railroad t?x cases
against the State. Tho United States Mar
shal has been ordered to place the property
in the possesion < f Ili i receivers and the
county sheriffs ha?o been fined $-500 each
for contempt, and will b? imprisoned until
the tine is paid.
Fl/'t.I. TBXT OF TlltS DECISION.
Tim Unitk? States of Asikrici, Dis rict of
South Caro'inn, I'ourt Circuit?In Equity
?Bx Parle D. II. Chamberla;n, Boceivcr,
Petitioner, ?s. MacMitchcH, Tieasurcr
of Aiken County, and M. V Tyler, Sheriff
of Aiken O-uuty ? la Ue Fredeiick W.
Hound vs. The South Carolina Railway
C -in pa ny.
Under an otdcr of this Court, fi'ed on tho
5th ilny pf l> comber, 1880, in a cans* within
its jurisdiction, Round vs. South Carolina
Railway Company, et al., D. If. Charaberlain,
the petitioner, was nppeintcl receiver
of the South Carolina Railway Company.
Lty this order nil the property ot' the r.tilwny
coturany came, ??nd remained in the custoly
of tlie C mrt, protected by injunction, and
was placed in the care nud management o I
the icceiver as ilie organ and agent of the
Court.
Tlio petition sets forth that the possession
thus confi led in him lias beoti dl'turbel,
and (bat M. V. Tyler, sheriff* of Aiken county
has d st a tied anil has taken possession
of a train of fou'teen errs in tlie custody and
control of such receiver. That of theso fours
teen cars five belong to the receiver, and
nine belong to roidt outside of tUjj*gtate,
but for the pUrp's s of iuter-Stats ctytmeroe
were in the carauf^^^^^^^^^^^kauol'.
receiver has been assessed for ttxa'ion
That this assessment was il egal an t void
because of excessive valuati-n and discrimimri
in ; th?t tlio reciver had touderel and
p>itl the full sunt undoubtedly due on lawful
nssrssmonl, and that there remained unpiid
in the county of Aiken tlie sum of $1,215 04,
being the excess which is illegal a id vo d ;
that for this sunt of ?1,215.04 and costs, the
said Tyler, under a distrained execution
issued by MacMitchel', oouuty treasurer,
had seized and detained the persoual property
aforementioned, wortli ia tho ngrugite
$10,000, a large part of it being the propo'ty
of third persons in tlio care of tho receiver
and in It's custoly as common carrier.
The petition prays the prolecti n of the
Court. ?
Upon h?aring the pc itiou. a rule to show
cause was issued and served on the said
M. V. Taylor, with t'to usual restraining
order. No attention or obedience whatever
w.is piid to lite restraining order. He has
tile I his return justifying his action and Ins
not released or ottered to ro e.tse any j art of
the properly detained, although the copy of
the petition served on him stated tho facts
as set forth nb ivc.
The bate statement that property of the
value of neatly $10,0!>0 has been distrained
to pay $1,215.04, and that much of it
belougs to third parties in no senso responsible
tor the tux, even if it be valid, would
imperatively require the intet fercuce by
iujuncti >n on the part of the Court having
ibis ptopetty in its cus ody.
Secti in 2i50 of iim General Statutes of
South Carolina authorizes the Sheriffs to
distrain for non-payment of ttxes mllicicnt
personal property of the party charged with
the tax, to pay the sime. This is the limit
of Irs authority. Of courso he should not
be confined to just enough property te pay
the tax. Rut he cannot, undercover of this,
distrain upon $10,000 for $1,215 04. Xor
undt* any circumstances can he distrain the
property of persons other than the tax payer.
Wc" cannot escape the cone*.us on that the
eaga twe AMftaNti tfkiW;
pre Iptormiuatiou and intention to covrco thi
receiver and this Court into the payment o
the excess ve tax n tw.distending and de
spite of the c'niut that it was illegal ant
void.
Rut the ca*e will not be rested on tint
ground, There out bo tin doubt that prop
ony in the hand of a receiver of any court
either of a Staie or of the United St ites.il
as much b..und for ilie piyment of taxes
State, comfy and ntun cip'c, ?s any otbci
property i'evsons cannot by c 'tiling int<
tb i Couri, nod for the promotion of theit
interests, applying for and obtaining tlu
appointment of receivers, ob.a a exemption
fiotu the pita mount duty of a citizen. Foi
this reason receivers tu tiiis distriot pay all
just and lawful luxes without asking ot
needing the uuciai of the Court, and it
their ucc unts such payments are posseti
w.thoui que t;on. Hut on the oilier hand
receivers tire not hound to pay a tux in theii
judgment un'qwlul, without the order of tin
court. And vvhrii they consider tin legality
ot the tax questionable it is their right, theic
mu .ilest duly, to apply IQ tho Court eithci
for instruction or protection. Especially in
ill's the case whgu the question arises tie
tweeu the r>ceive." and ; crsons in tiic State
county and inuiiicipil government as t> tlx
proper con-lruotiou to he giveu to the law,
upon which individuals may well differ, ami
it is his riglit and manifest duty to g ? to tin
court whose creature he is, for instruction
He therefore pursued the proper coursi
when he catuo 111 by this petition.
The research of counsel on both sides oi
this ca-e has succeeded in finding live cu-ei
in which the receiver was driven to seek tin
I proloction of the. Court in the matter of luxation
Ail of them of persuasive authority
None of them of conclusive -uuthoiry,
A petition was fi'cl by a receiver before
Judge Brewer iu Central lliilroad Company
vs. Wabash, UU Fed. Hep., 1), praying protec
iou from the payment of a tax. it appeared
that the only re a- oa l'.r the application
was thai it was i ico iveui-.nt to the
receiver to pay the tax, and thai i>s v Hdity
w?s in no way questioned, The petition was
rrjected. But the leu rued ju ige shows Uistettsjif1:?rcr
grab
rri t - !? ? *
juinis ifi5 language: "in levying noil collecting
taxoi tlio .State is exercising its sovereign
piwer There should be no interference
wnh i'H co lection of these taxee in it*
prescribttl and regu'ar me hois, even by a
Coait having property in tbo poesiseion of
its receiver, mi ess it is first charged that the
t4xes are in some way illegal or excessive "
A bill w is filed in Hewitt vs. New York
and Oswego Midland Hiihoad, 12 itUtnb
652, by tcCc'.Vi-rs lo lest the legality of the
tax. It was heard by Mr. Justice 111 itchford,
who entertained the (juration, discussed
St ill a long and elaborate*opinion, and sustained
the legality of fhe "fax. " The same
receiver* came before him again in Stevens
vs. fta ly. f* i (Jotfjpany, |l ntoli., 10J, and
aske i iw |e}: frgtn tl?e sinto tax becauso of
some irrognlanty. Naturally ixn-l properly,
it having hosn dwuleti that lb*
* ' ... lilt.) icgill,
tie dismissed the petitieo.
As we have said, a receiver must pay all
legal taxes and the Court wi I not interfere
to protect bi(it If he attempts to escape from
such piyui>ni. In Railroad Co. yj. Ueirgia,
3 Wood*, 4H7, Mr. Justice lirodley did
umim wiiii me 8i|inii|iry procefli of collecting
Uxe? \>y the 8 ate end in his well
c >n*idcre I and aolr opinion esaOliihed the
right of interference upon the highest
grounds of puhliu policy.
Two one* were found by State C.urt*.
Comity of Vubt ti, Alans, 7 Cal. 36, and
Ueorges County ee. Ciark, et ?1, 30 Maryland,
200. the first case distinctly allows
taal the Couit entertained jurisdiction of a
o umy for i^xes. The second annuls a sale
male of propeity because thr propeity was
in the hands of the Court. The decision of
nil States of (he Unien, and of the Supreme
Court of the Unitod States, are full of cased
' '
1
4 T ' RSk5:
? " .... - ! V
determining iho validity of a Stale tax or of
Moposo-1 under the authoriuywr
the SiiiteXcgisttHwrc. The Supremo
C urt of the Uui'ed S at>9 has n-?t only do- J
e'ero I a Stale tax so imp toed invalid, it lias i
also reversed the docs on of the Court of
list resin ibf it>e State sustaining the Ux. . -.-o
In this court w.e fiud llogo so. R. R Co., WL
U 8., 340 ; TomUesou vs.Brauqtb I<r> Wall^roXa
4f>3. Ats ca-es seeking injunction against "(v
tho Sato Auditor in ?he mm tor ofltaati m. '''''I
In Savinnali vs. Jcsup, 100 U. S.yjH$3, tho
Cxirt ilouided a tsx of the oily of Sawjhnah i
invalid.
At iho April term t f this Court, 1802, the
ca-e ( f tbo Richmond & Danville llailroa I
Company as. J. 11. H ate et. nl., (county
treasurers and sheriffs), involving tho iden ical
question raised in til s ease, was hear I
by a full boncli a id decide I. The case came
upon pleidmgs scleaied by the defendants
themselves. Kvory question niado as to the
legality of tho valuation made in ibis cavo,
and tho- discrimination and lie right and
dit'y of the Conn to interfere therein was
heard. The cxce-s was pronounced roi l..
This decision lias not been reversed It has
not becu appca cd Irani, it is an authority
of great weight with us. Indocd, es thero
is yet au opportunity of reviewing it in tho
,.ii ....... :.
t?? v/uiii i p nv j 114 ? ' uu vTvum nnuu
the result of such an appeal. When, therefore,
the rcc.'iver owes into this Court and
asks ins ructi>i>e, predicting his ac ion on ^
the dec siou in this case, wo grant him rel ef
by suspending the colicc ion of this tax
until the presumption of ihe soundness of
th scise has been vvcrcome. Bcsido this,
we would not in til a eolntenl w >y ou a
ru'e pass upon the question ci her of the
*A id ty or of the i iva iJity of this tax.
ihe only renraLuug qncs ion is as to the
jimxU^ggwPv^Court and its right lQ
LjmilflHpfflnVerty. By the caseqf l!>ui}d
way within iliis State come uader^Uie juris- ^
diet on of this Coiut. I. assume 1 pOfMggeijn ''
of diis property, nnd it thus has jurwdtorWW*
over tlio entire subj ct matter, every ps?rt
and parcel thereof. All p.oprrtv i i the
hands of h r Oliver is in tho h mis of tho
Court. No one, whoever ho uniy bo, can
interfere with it without tlie emotion or m
p rmifsion of the Court. Wiswall vs. Simp- I
son, Id llow-, 52. Illi Warned counsel who
ripiiel for ihe sheriff's, wlih a frankness
which does him great credit, admitted the
general rulo os to tho sanctity of property
in ihe hauls of a Cmrt. And \hat when
juri-dieiion has once attached in this Ciicuit
Court in the or gin a I otse, it cm extend its
protccli m to property, even if its value 1>j
less than $2,000. He contends that to this
general ( rop nation tIt-re is one exception,
when the otliccrs of a Sta c come in and
take the propo ty f r tnxui n. He argues
that tho taxing power is a high exercise of
s vercign'y nn I that to permit a 0 iurt to
mic nrrt wiiii IUU u -iicuu HI t i '? liix M IU
invade tile sovereign right uit<l to rmbirra s
(lie govu> nuent But wo It ire aeon tli it tho
Cnnts nil over this country hire entertained
cases involving tho validity of n S:nteV^\
tax, in tnnny cases imjosed by tho Legit a-?
ture, and in very many instnncos have dq-.
elated the tax i valitj, of Siufe Legislature
in whom rested mors tf tho n tributes of
sovereignty than any other deptrimenl of
tlui State Onver.uncut. There are tuany
ca-is of this kind in the reports of the
Courts of South Carolina, lu Hand vs H.
II Co., 17 So Cn. 221, upon a claim male
by the Stwc for ttxvs upon property i-i tho
h inds of receiver, the Coqrt examine 1 ii\tq
the validity of the cairn mid ejected it,
In the very recent cases of National Bank
rs. Cromer, 51") S. C. The Stite ex ret vs.
lloyJ, 06 S. C., 280. The Supremo Court
of South C?ra jm extmincd into the v%lid-.
ity of tin action of tho Comptroller in ^
matter of tuo ess ss i.ent of property fut, _ .
taxation, ami after ex iminaliou sot it nsiitiK|^^
The Court quotes with approval the la
of M'l.s s, t h J., in ibo Stat3 vs. (j2tt ity_
I istn^ unlimited of all
the powers which a legislative body can
c.\rn. 11 is HI IIUMV van nil ciuiipv SJJ
constitutional res notions. To tie up ih> ,
I hand (the conn) thai can alons res si ill
un'awt'ul encroachment would not on y ronJ
dcr unevrta n the tc'iiuro by whial tho
citiz-u holds hit properly, but in ok cm it
tributary to the u irestrained d-mauds ?f
' the L-'gislature, The language of M I ?r,
. .lusiico, in United S atos vs. Lee, 10.i U. S.,
2'JO, is not inopp o. rialo. "Tho do euae
stands be e solely upon the absoluto immunity
fro in judicial inquiry of every one who
asserts authority f-om the executive br.iti.-h
of the goverutuont, however ol?j.r it may bo
male that the excnitive possessed id such
power. Not only no such power is given,
but it is absolutely prohibited, b -t'i io lite
executive and the legislative."
' It is not cl limed that the State, in order
1 to obta n payment of its taxes, mus} 0'ht<j
p into C mrt by peti ion and got an order fir it.
On tits contrtry, as has breu said, lite paramount
right of the Sate lias always been
and is acknowledged, recogn zed a id faithfully
preserved. Without any interference
wha'evcr on her part her pr oriiy is up} ip
lained apd observed. Bill wlpq pcr.sou^
Hs-utn nx t? act in the naaio of ilte Sta'e,
seize upon, without notice, ant assett exit
isive posses ion < f property in the hinds
of the receiver and on lor the protest o i of
this Court, and whilst si assuming t? ?ct,
lake | r >peity greatly ia excess of lb) ?um
? claimed, I lie Court must and will interfere.
At tlie hearing a number of utfi ia?i a
1 were rend going to tbo issue, was tli a n
1 legal tax ? Upon a rule of tbis kind it is
not competent for us to g> into ibis quoslion.
It mu?t bo made in n direct proe e Ii-.g.
8u h pi030(dings are nl only on tile
in ill's Court. 'We recoguixe that the qucif
1 tini has not bo n finally deotded, 1 f r
tli is reason our iojuuciiun g es only nntil a
fu'ther order. If testimony be ordered in
the orderly way, nod if the fact bo established
i bat the a-sessuient and the tnxot
1 le*ied hereunder are just and lawful, it will
afford pleasure to the Com t, and it will be
1 its duty, |o opt] rr if paid forthwith .iv> a
parim?unt 1 en on all the 1 propcitja ^ud
funds in the hands of the recciter. 1
Charms* II. Bimonton, "r
T(| K Kl| KH I rr*S KN.IOIMHU.
The following are the orders signed i
Ordered, That an iqjuotioa do i sito to
M. V. Tyler, sheriff of Aiken county, his
deputies and agents, enjoining tlioiu from
further intermeddling and interfering wi'h
he keeping an I holding of tly^
property destraiuad j???? * ...
. -,11,11 oy hi . belonging
io the rroeiTer of tho South Carolina rail- M
road company, or in hi* ca*e and ensiody V
as receiver and e minion carrier; and that
"his ityuholipn remain invoice until the
further orileril of this'Coit^, > ' ' -3
It is fui (.her ordev-'d, That tho property
be restored to the custody of tlie recoinr
of this court, and that Dm moral.- ..... i.i?
_ . -- ^?'iv uiu|
in possesion thereof,
I (Signed! j,- (j0VF) (J rcun Judg *.
Similar injunction was iasuo I in nil U\?5
Richmond an I Dannllu r.ii rr, id
As to. tlio poniampt ?.isq?, the 0-mt^y
treasurers were dismissed, on the g ouid of
not b dug in contempt:
TUB ailKUirKt I* COBTBUOr, .-w~?
Ah to tlic ilioriflpM Qf A ikon, todersin,
Abhevillo and Newbirry counties, tbu following
order was passed ;
' Tne sheriff of J , having been asrr?d
with two rules to show otuse whj lie b?
not attached for contempt, for miliar ?ei
foril), copy of petition to eaoh rule attache!,
and sufficient cause not having been shown \
end it. further appears lha> m d ah' rjlf, l?otwitiihl'ii'liiig,
coiittnun to hoi I and iteUin i
said p o pert jr. Weatopttho pieoedenl eel
(iu re Child*, V2 Wa laoe, 157) bjr the
ttapremo Court of the Unit-1 Hutos It (a
rodered, adjudged an 1 deorocd. To it said
sheriff is in contempt of this < -xu t a-?d of
lie order and (roe^jt. U is further orders