The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, December 16, 1892, Image 1
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VOL. XX1II.-NEW SERIES. ^ ^ ^ ^ J _ N^' ''WilWH
in nit ,jiv r-TUC UFOQAPC
l!WWPP^-;
President Harrison on ttie State
of the Nation.
THE WORK OF FOUR YEARS.
Parting Discussion of Important
_ Public Questions,
Pension*, Elections and tho Treasury?New
Mall Subsidies Urjted?
Also Continued Work on the New
Navy?Chief Accomplishments of
the Departments.
To the Senate and Hor se of Representatives'
In iiihmlM.ii> " ? 1 *
?.u; auuuai message w> congress
I have great satisfaction in being able
to say that the general conditions affecting
w the commercial aud industrial interests otr
A the United States are in the highest degree*
W favorable. A comparison of ths existing
conditions with those of the most favored
period in the history of the country will. I
believe, show that so high a degree of prosperity
and so general a diffusion of the comforts
of life were never before enjoyed by
our people.
The total wealth of the country In 1860
was |I6,150.616,068. In 1890 it amounted to
162.610,000.000, an increase of 287 per cent.
The total miioage of railways In the
United Statos in I860 was 30,620; in 1890 it
was 167,741, an increase of 448 per cent;
and it is estimated that there will be about
4000 miles of track added by the close of the
year 1892.
CENSUS FIGURES.
The official returns of the Eleventh Census
and those of the Tenth Census for 75
leading cities furnish the basis for the following
comparisons:
. , In 1880 the capital invested in manufacturing
was fl.232,839,670.
In 1890 the capital invested in manufacturing
was 62,900.735.884.
Iw 4060 tho ituaiWn- of l.mnl/\yaa
1,801,888.
In 1890 tho number of employes was
8*251,134.
In 1880 the wages earuel were $501,965,
778.
In 1690 the wages earned were $1,221,170,454.
In 1883 the value of the product was $2*711,579,899.
In 1890 the value of the product was $4,800,286,887.
1 am informed by the Superintendent of
the Census that the omission of certain industries
in 1880, which were included in
1890, accounts in part for the remarkable
increase thus shown. But, after making
full allowance for differences of method and
deducting the returns for all interests not
- included in the Census of 1883, there remain
In the reports from these sevonty-flve citios
an increase in the capital employed of
$1,522,745,634; in tho valu3 of the product
of $2,<'24.236,166; in wages earned of/T677,*
943,929, and in the number of wagw-earners
employed of 856.029. The wapP-oarnings
not only show an increased aggregate, but
an increase per capita from $fS6 in 1830 to
$647 in 189) or 41.71 p?r cent.,/
The new industrial plants established since
October 6, 1890, aud up toddctober 22, 1892,
es partially reported in the American Economist,
number 34-5, and tho extension of existing
plants, 108; th4> now capital invested
mounts to ?40,119,05'), and the numbei of
additional employes to 37,285.
The Textilp World, for July, 1892, states
that during the first six months of the present
calendar year 135 new factories were
built, or which 40 are cotton mills, 48 knitlink
mills, 20 woolen mills, 15 silk mills,
> 4 p ush mills and 2 linen mills. Of the 40
/ cotton mills 21 have been built in the Southy
era States. Mr. A. B. Sheppersou, of thaNew
yYork Cotton Exchange, estimates the number
of working spindles in the United
States on September 1, 1802, at 15,200,000,
an increase of 600.000 over the year 1801.
The consumption of cotton by American
mills In 1801 was 2,391,000 bales, and in 1893
8,584,000 bales, an increase of 188,000 bales.
From the year 1869 to 1893, inclusive,
there has bsen an increase in the consumption
of cotton in Europe of 03 per cent.,
while during the same period the increased
consumption in tho United States has been
abont 150 per cent.
The report of Ira Ayer, special agent of
the Treasury Department, shows that at the
date of September 80, 1893, there were
thirty-two companies manufacturing tin
and terne plate in the United States and
fourteen companies bull ling new works for
inch manufacture. The estimated investment
in buildings and plants nt the close of
the flcai year, June 30, 1893, if existing conditions
were to be continued, was |5,000,000,
and the estimated rate of production 200,000,000
pounds per annum. The actual production
for the quarter ending September
B0, 1892, was 10,9 <2,725 pounds.
. The report of Labor Commissioner Peck,
of New York, shows that during the year
1891, hi about six thousaud manufacturing
establishments in that State embraoea
within the spec'al inquiry made by him, and
representing 07 dilfeivnc >n lustries, there
was n net increase over the year 18?e or
181.315,181.68in the va.it) of the product,
and of *6.377,935.00 in the amount of wages
paid. The report of the commissioner of
labor for the State of Massachusetts shows
that 8745 industries in that State paid
1129,4*6,248 in wages during the year 1891,
against $126,03 1,303 in 180 >, an increase of
13,335,945, and that there was an increase
of t9,l'3'3,490 in the amount of capital and of
7846 in the number ot persons employed in
the some perioJ.
During the last six months of the year
1891 and the first six months of 1892 the tola!
production of nie iron was 0.710.819 tons.
la against 9,20 i, 703 tons in the year 1890,
which was the largest annual production
ver attained. For the same twelve months
of 1801-92 the production of Bessemer ingots
was 8,878,581 tons, an Increase of 189,710
Hr cross tons over the previous unprecedented
reariy production of 3,888.871 gross tons in
I 1890. The productian of Bessemer steel
rails for the first six months or 1893 was
172,438 gross tons, as against 702,080 gross
Ions during the last six months of the year
1891.
XXPORTS AND IMPORTS.
1|| The total value of our foreign trade (exiyigVfmerchandise)
during
1 <8,"exc^d7n^^?^^7"to
"ports or J?ii1'2f bT t45.797ass tu
In onr cm" w" rn\rtR!fA*' TRAD"
tL? v. ma uruit Lakes in
itwu aggregau 28,8V),090 ton*. On the
Itlasies'Ppi. Missouri anil Ohio Rivera and
Inl.utu i ? in the came year the traffic agfre:atei
10,405,049 to tin, and the total v easel
tonnage parsing through the Detroit
Rirer during that year was 21,6S4,000 tons.
The Teasel tonnage entered and cleared in
the foreign trade of Ion ion during 1890
mounted to 18,480,7(57 tons, and of Liverpool
1",911,800 tons, a total for these two
Nat shipping parte of S4>444,508 tons, only
SWINGS Or THE PEOPLE.
Another indication of the general prosperity
of the country is found In the fact
that the number of depositors in Barings
banks increased from 603,870 in 1860 to i268,893
in 1890, an increase of 613 per oenv,
and the amount of deposits from sl49,277,
504 in 1860 to $1,524,811,5)6 la 1890, an increase
of 931 per cent. In 1S91 the amount
of deposits in savings banks was $1,693,0/9,
749. It is estimated that 90 p?r cent, of
these deposits represent the savings of wageearners.
The Dank clearances for nine
months ending September 30,1891,amounted
to $41,049,090,808. For the same months in
1893 they amounted to $45,189,601,917, an excess
for the nine months of $4,140,211,189.
There has never been a time in our history
when work was so abundant or when
wages were as high, whether measured by
the currency in which they are paid or by
their power to supply the necessaries and
comforts of life. It is true that the market
frices of cotton nnd wheat have been low.
t is one of the unfavorable incidents of asr
r.culture that the farmer cannot produce
upon orders. He must bow and reap in ignorance
of the aggregate production of the
year, and i< p eculiarly subject to the depreciation
which follows overproduction.
VALUE or FARM PRODUCTS.
The value of our total farm produots has
increased from ft.303,041,80S in 1800 to $4.500.000,000
in 1891, as estimated by statisticians.
an increase of 230 r>er cent. The
number of hogs January 1, 1801, was 50,625,100
and their value $210,193,925; on January
1. 1892, the number was 52,398,019 and the
value $241,031,415. On January 1, 1891 the
number of cattle was 30,875,648 and the
value $544,127,908: on January 1, 1892. tho
number was 37,651,239 and the value $570,749,155.
If any are discontented with this state
here; if any believe that wages or prices,
the returns for honest toil, are inadequate,
they should not fail to remember that there
is no other country in the world where the
conditions that seem to them hard would
not be accepted as highly prosperous. The
English agriculturist would bo glad to exchange
the returns of his labor for those of
the American farmer, and tho Manchester
workmen their wages for those of
their fellows at Fall River.
A WORD FOR PROTECTIOV.
I believe that the protective system, whioh
has now for something more thm thirty
years continuously prevailed in our legislation,
has been a mighty instrument for the
ueveiupmem. oi our national weiicn an i a
most powerful agency in protecting the
homes of our workingmen from the inva"An
of wAni. I b?ro 1*14 ?a MlUitaus
interest to preserve to our working people
rates of wages that would not only give
daily bread but supply a comfortable margin
for those home attractions and family
comforts and enjoyments without which
life is neither hopeful nor sweet.
They are American citizens?a part of the
great people for whom our Constitution and
(Government were framed and instituted?
and it cannot be a perversion of that Constitution
to so legislate as to preserve in
their homes the comfort, independence,
loyalty and sense of interest in the Government
which ui e essential to good citizenship
in peace, and which will bring this stalwart
throne, as in 1861, to the defense of the flag
when itis assailed.
It is not my purpose to renew here the
argument in favor of a protective tariff.
The result of the recent election must be accepted
as having introduoel a new policy.
We must assume that the present tariff,
constructed upon the lines of protection, is
to be repealed, and that there is to be substituted
for it a tariff law constructed solely
with reference to revenue; that no duty is
to be higher because the increase will keep
opeu an American mill or keep up the wages
of an American workman, but that in every
case such a rate of duty ii to be imposed as
will bring to the Treasury of the United
States the largest returns of revenue.
The contention has not been between
schedules, but between principles, and it
would be offensive to suggest that the prevailing
party will not carry into legislation
the principles advocated by it ?nl the
pledges given to the people. The tariff bills
passed by the House of Representatives at
the lost session were, as I suppose?even in
tbe opiniou of their promotors?inadequate,
and justified only by the fact that the Senate
and House of Representatives were not in
accord and that a general revision could
not, therefore, be undertaken.
I recommend that the whole subject of
tariff revision be left to the incoming Congress.
it is matter of regret that this work
must be delayed for at least three months;
for the threat of great tariff changes introduces
so much uncsrtainty that an amount,
not easily estimated, of business inaction
and of diminished reduction will necessarily
result. It is possible also that this uncertainty
may result in decreased revenues
from customs duties, for our merchants will
make cautious orders for foreign goods in
view of the prosp9ctof tariff reductions ana
the uuoertalnty as to when they will take
effect.
Those who have advocated a protective
tariff can well afford to have their disastrous
forecasts of a change of poiioy disapKintel.
If a system of customs duties can
framed that will set the idle wheels and
looms of Eur op o in motion and crowd our
warehouses with foreign-made goods, and
at the same time keep our own mills busy;
that will give us an increased participation
in the "markets of the world'' of greater
value than the home market we surrender;
that will give increased work to foreign
workmen upon products to be consumed by
our people wltbout diminishing tbe amount
of work to be done here; that will
enable the American manufacturer
to pay to his workmen from
fifty to a hundred per cent, more in wages
than is paid in the foreign mill and yet to
compete in our market and foreign markets
with the foreign pro Juoer; that will further
reduce the cost of article# of wear and food
without reducing tbe wagea of those who
produce tbem; that can be celebrated, after
its effects have been realised, as its expectations
have^been, io^ European as well as iu
American cities, the authors and promoters
of it will be entitled to the highest praise.
We have had in our history several experiences
of the contrasts 1 effects of a
revenue and that of a protective tariff; but
this generation has not felt them, and the
experience of one generation is not highly
instructive to the next, The friends of the
protective system, with uudiminished connlonce
in the principle! they have advocated,
will await the results of the new
experiment.
IA.BOR AND TUB TARIFF.
The strains 1 and too often disturbed relations
existing between the employes and
the employers in onr great manufacturing
establishments have not been favorable to a
I cam mniHw""1", *j?,
SWK?.SJrtf sr-2s
' ta^SJj A*&>>m*SL^r&S*
pwkm evoked by taese contacts. He
may now be able to review the question in
theiigbfe of his personal experience under
(be operation of a tariff for revenue only. If
that experience shall demonstrate that present
rates of wages are thereby maintained
or increased, either absolutely or in their
purchasing power, and that the aggregate
I volume of work to be done in this country
is to be increased, or even maintained, so
that there are more or as many days' work
in a year at as good or batt.-r wages for the
Amerioan workmen as has been the oase
under the protective system, every one will
rejoice.
A general process of wage re luotion can
not be contemplated by any patrlotto oitUen
without the gravest appreuensioo. It may
be, indeed I believe it is, possible for the
Ami rioan manufacturer to oompete suooaesfu
ly with his foreign rival in many
branches of production without the defense
of oroteotive duties, if the pay rolls are
.y ,? ? ??? ?
equalized; bat the conflict that stands w- O
tweon the producer end that resqJ* and the #t
distress of our working people wiflu It Is at* nt
talued are not pleasant to contemplate. oc
The Society of the Unemployed, now bold- 22
ing Its frequeqt an i threatening parades la cy
the streets of foreign citie3. should not bo n<
allowed to acquire an American domicile. tc
FOREIGN RELATION'S. ,n
Our relations with foreign nations are now *'
undisturbed by any serious controversy.
The complicated and threatening differences tl
with Oermany and England relating to 0<
Hamoan affairs, with England In relation to w
the seed fisheries in the Bering Boa, and with cCbile
growing out of tho Baltimore affair, (i(
have been adjusted. a
There have been negotiated and concluded n
undor section 3 of the tariff law, commor- t|
cial agreements relating to real procai trade 0|
with the following couutrie?! Brazil, Do- ^
rainican Republic, Spain for Cuba and
Puerto Rico, Guatomala, Salvador, tho
German Empiro. Great Britain for certain
West Indian Colonies and British Guiana, ui
Nicaragua, Honduras and Austria*Hungary. tl
The alarmed attention or our European bi
competitors for the South American mar- ci
ket has been attracted to this new Americau 01
policy and to our acquisition and their loii in
of South American traije. di
THE BERING SEA TBZATT. 1
A treaty providing for the arbitration of *1
the dispute botween Great Britain a
United States, as to the killing of seals in the ^
Berintr Sea was concluded on the 29th o'
February last. This treaty was accompanied j!
by an agreement prohibiting pelagic sealing y
pending the arbitration, and a vigorou is
wan mo/l? ^urinrr f.Kjo coaa^n trt rfrivi* Qi
out nil poaching sealers from the Bering
Sea.Six naval vessels, three revenue cutters, ?
and one vessel from the Fish Commission, 1
all under the command of Commander H
Evans, of the Navy, were sent into the seas, 11
whicli was systematically patrolled. Some
seizures were made, and it is believed that ?
the catch in the Bering Sea by poachers j
amounted to less than 503 seals. It is true,
however, that in the North Pacific, while
the seal herds were on their way to the ,
passes between the Aleutian Islands, a very "
large number, probably 35,000, were taken. J1
The existing statutes of the United States *'
do not restrain our citizens from taking seals J*
in the Pacific Oc^an, and perhaps should 1
not, unless the prohibition can be extended v
to I lie citizens of other nations I recom- v
mend that power be given to the Presi- 0
dent, by proclamation, to prohibit the .
taking of seals in the North Pacific
by American vessels, in case either 66
as the result of the findings of the pc
tribunal of arbitration, or otherwise, the re- of
strnints can be aDpliet to the vessels of th
nil countries. The case of the United States 46
for tha triHtinal /if arlilljiitiijn h?a bMQDCe* th
pared with great caro and ludustry by tue of
Hon. John w, Foster, and the counsel who ni
represent this Government express confl- us
deuce that a result substantially establish- lie
ing our claims aud preserving this great re
industry for the benefit of all nations will 00
be attaiued. , re
CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES.
The controversy as to tolls upon the Wei- re
Inn I f it nn I ivKinh ur rvi?aeon fix-l _
gross at tho last session by special message, tb
haviug failed of adjust nout, I felt cou- i!
strained to exercise tao nuthoritv conferred aj;
l.y the act of July 2ii, ISD-i, ana to proclaim ^
n suspension of the free use of 8t. Marys tu
Falls Canal to cargoes iu transit to norts in -p,
Canada. The Secretary of the Treasury gg
established such tolls as were thought to bo
equivalent* to the exactions unjustly leviei or
Upon our commerce in the Canadian canals. ar
Ias we must suppose, the political rela- 33
tions of Canada and the disposition of the ce
Canadian Government are to remain un- f
changed, a somewhat radical revision of our Bj,
trade relations should, I think, be made.
Our relations must continue to be intimate, ai
aud they saoulel be friendly. I regret to say,
however, that iu many of the controversies, Jj,
notably those as to the fisheries on the At- ni
iautic, tho scaling interests on the Pacific, u
and tho caual tolls, our negotiations with ^
Great iiritain have continuously been ,J(
thwarted or retarded by unreasonable
and unirien lly objections and protests from a.
Canada In the matter of the canal tolls, ^
our treaty rights wore flagrantly disrepurJed.
It is hardly too muob to say that al
the Canadian Pacific and other railway u|
lines which parallel our northern bouudary r(
are sustained by commerce having either its p]
origin or terminus, or both, in the United ^
8rates. Cauadian railroads compete with 0j
those of the United States for our traffic,
and without the restraiats of our interstatecommerce
act. Their cars pass almost with*
out detentiou into and out of our territory P<
There is no disposition on the part of the W
people or Government of the United States P4
to interfere in tho smallest degree with the to
political relations of Canada. That question
is wholly w.th her own people. It is time R1
for u?, however, to consider whether, if the aT
present state of things and/rend of things J*
is to continue, our interchanges upon lines iD
of land transportation should not be put up- ^
on a different basis, nut our entire tale- m
pjudoncs o! Canadian cauals and of the St. Pj
J>awrence as an out'otto the sea secured by
the construction of an American canal u'
around the Falls of Niagata an l the opening
of ship communication between the Great
L akes and one of our own seaports. bi
Wo should not hesitate to avail ourselves ?
of our great natural trade advantages. We 01
should withdraw the support which is given ai
to the railroads and steamship lines of Can- s:
ada l>y a tratHe that properly belongs to us, a;
and no longer furnish the earnings which al
lighten the otherwise crushing weight of the a
enormous public subsidies that have been u
given to them. The subject of the power of h
the Treasury to deal with this master with- t<
out further legislation has been under con- t
sideration, but circumstances have post- ri
ponnl a conclusion. It is probable that a ?
consideration of the propriety of a modifies- w
tion or abrogation of the article of the n
Treaty of Washington relating to transit of y
goods in bond is involved in any completo it
solution of the question. d
THE CHILEAN TROUBLE. C(
Congress at the last session was kept advisod
of the progross of the serious and for a
time threatening differences bstwoen the U
, United States and Chile. It gives me now 61
great satisfaction to report that tho Chilean
Government, in a moit friendly and honorable
spirit, has tendere 1 an I pai 1 as an in- d
demnity to the families of tho sailors of the *'
Baltimore who fvere killed and to thosa who I'
were injured in the outbreak in the city of a|
Valparaiso tho sum of $75,030. This has been "
, accepted, not only as an indemnity for a a
wrong done, but as a most gratifying evi- d
deuce that tne Govornmmt of Chile rightly tl
appreciates the disposition of this Govern- G
inent to act in a spirit or the most absolute n
fairness and frion llinesi in our intorcouse i>
with that brave people. A farther a nd con- '
elusive evldono of the mutual respect and ii
confidence now existing is furnish] i bv the o
tl
fact that a convention submitting to arbitra- n
tion the mutual claims of the citissas of the t]
respective Gjvermne.its lias been agreed j,
upon. ,
TBB ITALIAN AFFAIR.
The Mondly act of this Government in
expreoaing to the Government of Italy iU ..
rpitfobatlon and abhorrence of the lynching ;
Ijj
*5Stig?2&?zstrgss 15
"upport be g.von^o th?PI0,npt*nd ^
i?ssfM?8ssr
... ... ? > nveratate the m"
....strain ?very standpoint of this great n*
enterprise, aud 1 hope that there may bo ,u"
! time, evon in this Cou;res<, to give to It an
loip'tus that will insure the earl? completion U1"
of the canal nnl secure to the United State*
its proper relation to it when complete I.
Rorarui< roa hilv?b.
The Cougven has h*en already advised the i
that the invitations o. thi< Govern usnt for put
the ssssmbUng of an International Monetary ^oss
3 -"Jr. ' 1
onferenc<Xj^consid4r th* qu aft Ion of to
llarged u4)( silver s ate aooapted by the
itions to svvct* thoV vferie ad IresioJ. The
inferenoa albeinbM at\ Brussels oa the
Id ot NovaavMr au has watered upon the
paslderatlon ot this i coat question. I have
>e doubted, to^ hn o not taken occasion
> express that -be ef, as woll in the
ivltations issued (or this condoronce
l in my puhUd aia?mgei<, that the
ee coinage of sil ar upon au ojread
iternat'ional ratio v juld grevtly promote
io interest of our ni >plo and equally those
! othor nations. It is too earl? to predict
hat results may b accomplish ad by tli9
inference. If anff temporary check cu
alny interveuse. I I elievo that very soon
amiuercial condition will oompal the now
ductant Qovornnaei U to unite! with us in
lis movement to sec ro the enlargement of
' the voluino ot coi to J. money needed foi
fl*AnS1(S>iAn /*f fhi Viiloinneo r\f flsA twnflrl
>-w V4?<uw.?vvtvu V* VU? U HJi L4C7--?3 Wl VU'J ?? VI IV*
TUB TffecASURY.
The report of the Secretary of the Treasry
will attract ospedial Interest iu view ol
le many uil9leadiag stits.uiati that have
3en made as to the stals of fia public ravines.
Three preliminary facts should not
ily be stated, but emphasizeJ, before lookig
into details: First, thit the public
sot has been reduced since March 4,
189, $239,074,200, ?annual
uriug the-poriod fro n March !, 1^*5? to
larch lf 1839, and thirJ, that under the exiting
tariff up to December I about $93,
90,000 of revenue, w.ikm would have b>en
ollectedupon import! t sugars if the duty
ad been maintained, has gone into the
ockets of the people aud not into the pub
c treasury, as oeforr.
If there are any who still think that the
urplus should have ba *n kep t out of circu
itlon by hoarding it in the Treasury, oi
eposited in favored banks without interest
mile the Government continued to pay tc
hese very banks interest upon the bonds
eposited as security for the deposits, or
rho think that the extended pension logis?tion
was a public robbery, or that th<
ulies upon sugar should have been main
ained, I am content to leave the argument
hero it now rest-, while we wait to see
irhether these criticisms will take the form
f legislation.
The revenues for the fiscal year endin|
une 30, 1892, from all sources were $425,
3,260.32, and the expenditures for nil pur?ses
were $415,953,800.56, leaving a balance
99.914,453.60. There were paid during
a year upon the public debt $40,570,Of
no TM ... 1Mn tU/k TM.rn.ew
I. w. x uu BUi pius iu tua Aicasui j ouu
0 hank redemption fund, pawed by theaet
July 14, 1890, to the general fund, furshed
in large part the cash available and
ed for the iiayraeuts made upon the pub;
debt. Compared with the year 1891, our
ceipts from customs duties fell off 843,?,241.08,-while
our receipts from internal
venue increased IS,334,833.13, leaving the
it- low nf rnvnnns from these principal
uroes 833,734,417.05. The bet loss of
veaue from all sources was 833,075,971.81.
Tho rovenues, estimated und actual, for
e liscal 3rear ending Juno 30. 1893, are
aced by the Secretary at 8403.330,350.44
ti the eXDendituros at 8401,330,353.41,
owing a surplus of rocoiots over expnndires
of 82,000,000. The cash balance in the
oasury at the end of the fiscal year it is
timate l will be 820,292,377.03.
Tho estimate I reooi jte for the fiscal year
iding June. 3), 1894, aro 1493,121.365.38,
id the estimated appropriations 8457,261,>5.33,
leaving an estimated surplus of reipts
over expenditure St~f33.8 30,033.Oft.
his does not inolude .any payment to the
nking fund.
The public confidence in the purpose and
eility of tho Government to maintain tho
jrity of all our money issues, whether coin
: paper, inust remain unshaken. Tho do>nnd
for gold in Europe and the consequent
ills upon us are n a considerable degree
io result of the efforts of soma of tne Euroson
Governments to increase their gold
sscrve. and these efforts should be met by
spropriate legislation on our part. The
mditions that have created this draiu of
ie Treasury gold art in an important fierce
political and not commercial. In view
! the fact that a general revision of our
ivenue laws in the near future seem to be
rotable, it would be bettor that any changes
tould be a part of that revision rather than
! a temporary nature.
SILVER BOUGHT AND COINED.
During the last fiscal yiar the Secretary
irchased uuder the aot of July 14, IBID,
i,855.748 ounces of silver, and issued in
kymeiit there fOr'$54^196.603 in notes. The
ital purchases since the passage of the act
ire been 120,419,981 ounces, and the ag agate
of notes issued $116,783,590. Tho
rerage price paid for silver during the year
as 94 cents per ounce, the highest price bear
$1.0294 July 1, 1801, an 1 the lowest $0.83
arch 21, 1892. In view of the fact that the
onetary conference is now sitting and that
?conclusion has yet been reached, I with>M
auy recommendation l ns to legislation
?ou this subject.
ABMY REORGANIZATION DEMANDED.
The repert of the Secretary of War
rings again to the attention of Congress
>me important suggestions as to the rergnnizatiou
of the infantry and artillery
rms of tho service, which his predoces>rs
have before urgently presented. Our
rmy is small, but its organization
aould all th more bs put upon the most
pproved modern basis. The conditions
pon what wo have called the "frontier*
ave hereto ore required the mainmanco
of many small posts, but now
he policy of concentration is obviously the
ight one. The reorganizition and enlargelent
of the Bureau of Military Information
rbich the Seerotury has effected is a work
he usefulness of which will become every
ear more apparent. The work of building
eftvy guns and the construction of coast
efonses has been well begun and should be
arried on without check.
CLAIMS A04INST THE GOVERNMENT.
The aggregate of claims pending ogaiost
lie Government in the Court of Claims is
normou>. Claims to the amount of uoarly
I'0,000,000 for the taking of or injury to
is property of per so.is claiming to be loyal
ring the war are now before that court for
camination. When to toese are added the
a Man depredation olalms and the French
eoilatlon claims an afftrror ite Is rase >? I
lat is iodeod startling. In the defense of
II these cises tlie Q >venr.neut is at great
isadvantage.JFheclaimants have preserved
ieir evidence, whereas the agents of the
fovnrnment are sent into the field to rum*
tags for what they cm And. The difficulty
i peculiarly groat wh.*e the fact to boostabehed
is the aisloyalty of the claimant durig
the war. If this great threat agiinat
ur revenues is to havo no other chec t oerlinly
Congress shoul I supply the Departlent
of Justice with appropriations ntifHlently
liberal to teou.-e the beat legal talent
i the defense of the3? olainn and to pursue
* vague search for evidence effectively.
rOSTAL AFPAIRS.
The postal revenues! have increased during
he last year nearty t^fOOD.OOh. The deficit
er the year eidfnWu.io 3), H9J, is $849.11
less.t'ian.t1'1 dcjUionO/ of the preceding
ii Tjof the present fiscal
IS 40a ?Von'7 extinguished
year, but a surolus of
kftrlr ana Ztn, jfJo!1*r? "hOttld then be
owfc^In illation* the payments
l? i.J" oatraote for ocean
HI aerv i, included,
rhern hmi T^t ?%id?4 1590 new mall
X .*ri !* "
13 ml lea- A iV ?total number of new
!*?f mail ?Mlhl!$e i duri,\* th* y??r 1(
kr]y ??. .. "^^ImiUio is. J The number of
as of m*n^ui Purn0y* aided daring the
i four y?ai.' V0 'about seventy-six millions,
1 addJUoIrVVf tweuty-one millions of
sa more thafc 1 we' * operation in the
'I* COQDtrir^. {IW- '
number * poetoflioje has been In odbr375i,.?ur,,,?t,?
and iurin;
sast I hp to October 29
the total n W C***- M*e numbir of ofh?s
yarly nine thoneaad. The
number of free-delivery offlcu has been
OMrly doubled lu the last four yean, hal
tho number of money-order offices more
than doubled within that time.
For the three years ending June 31. 189?,
the postal revouue amounted to $11)7,141,3 >9,
whloh was an iuoreaseof $o ?,203,15 ) over the
Vevenye for the three years enliug June 30,
1883, the increase during the last three years
being more than three an I a half times as
great as the increase during the three years
ending June 3), 1888.
A whoiesoyo* casuge of policy aal oua
having in it much promise, as it scorns to
me, was begun by the law of March 3, 1831.
Under this Taw contracts have been made oy
the Postmaster-General for elevon mail
routea The expenditure involved by these
contracts for the next llscal year approximates
$9la,l'33.83. As one of tho results already
reached 16 American steamships of an
aggregate tonnage of 57,4)3 tons, costing
$7,403,000, have been built or contracted to
be built in American suipvards.
No subject, 1 think, mora nearly touches
the pride, the power and tba projoerity of
our couutry than ttiis of the development of
our merchant marine upon the sea. If we
could enter Into confereuoe with other competitors
and all would agree to withhold
Government aid wo could perhaps take our
chancss with all the rest, but our greatcompott
tors have established and maintained
their liuca by ( Trern?rnt *otuidios until'
ytMnswrfavh practically erclulel us from
^KrUoIpetion. In my opinion no choice is
r left to us but to pursue, moderately at least,
the same lines.
oon navar, progress
The report of the Secretary of the Navy
exhibits great progress in the construction
r\t mil* nam noni7 Whan fha rvwaoAiif Q -?nno_
IV4 uui uon u??t j i ' ? u-7ii vn j |/i V4UHV Vvwiv"
tary entered upou his duties only three
modern steel vessels were in commission.
The vessels since put in commission an I to
be put in commission during tho winter will
inalce a total of 10 during his administration
of the Department. During tbp current
year 10 war vossols a id 3 uavy tugs
have been lauuc'aed, and during the four
years 23 vessels will liwe been launchel.
Two otaer large ships aula torpedo boat
are uudor contract and the work upon them
well advanced, and tin four monitors are
awaiting only tho arrival of their armor,
which Ua3 bean unexpectedly delayed, or
they would have been before this in commission
.
Contraots have been let daring this administration,
under tho appropriations for
the increase of the Navy, including new vessels
and their appurtenances, to the amount
of $33,000,000, and there has been expended
during the same perio 1 for labor at navy
yards upon similar work $8,00J,00D without
the smallest scandal or charge of fraud or
partialitv.
It is believed that as the result of new
processes iu the construction of armor plato
our later ships will be clothed with defensive
plates of higher resisting power than
are found in auy war vessels afloat. We
were without torpedoes. Tests have been
made to ascertain tho relative olflciency o!
different constructions, n torpedo has been
adopted, and the work of construction
is now being carried on successfully.
We were without armoipiercing
shells and without a shop in
structed and equipped lor the construction
of them. We are now making what is be<
Jievod to be a projectile superior to auy before
in use. A smokeless powder lias been
aeveiopal ana a slow burning powder for
guns ot large calibre. A high explosive,
cipable of use in large shells ilrel from service
sun--, h is been foun 1, au 1 the manufacture
of gun cotton has been developed so
that the question of supply 13 no longer in
dou t.
THE NAVAL MILITIA.
The development of a uaval militia, which
has been organized in eight States aud
br.ui ?bt into cordial and co-ooerative relations
with the Navy, is another imoortaut
achieve-aont. There are now enlisted in
tho3'o organizations 18")0 men, and they aro
likely to no greatly extended. I reaomuaend
such legislation and appropriations as will
encourage and develop this movement.
WORK IS TQE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
The work of the Interior Department, always
very burdens une, has been larger
til in ever before during the a hninistratiou
of Secretary Noble. The disability pension
law, the tak ng of the Eleventh Ceasus. the
opening of the vast areas of Indian lands to
settlement, the orgauizatiou of Oklahoma,
and the negotiations for the cession ot Indian
lands turn is a so no of the particulars of
the increase i work auil the resu.ts acnieved
testify to the ability, fidelity aui industry
of the head of the Department and bis etliCient
assistants.
The work in the Iudian Bureau, in the execution
of the policy of recaut legislation, has
been largely directed to two chief purposes:
First, the allotment of lands in severalty, to
the Indians an t the cession to the Uuited
States of the surplus lands-and, secondly, to
the work of educating the Indian for his own
protection in his closer contact with the
white man and for the intelligent exercise of
his new citizenship. 1 havo several limes
been called upon to removo Indian agauts
appointed by me, and have done so
promptly upon every sustaiuod complaint of
uulitufss or misconduct. 1 be.ieve, however,
that tho Indian sorvico at tho agencies
has been improved aud is now administered
on the whole with a goo I decree of i-liic*
ieucy, If any legislation is possible by
which the selection of Indian agents can be
wholly removed iro n all partisan suggestions
or consi Jerations, I am sure it would
be a great relief to the Executive aud a
great benefit to tho service.
THE SUBJECT or PENSIONS.
Tho report of the Commissioner of
Pensions, to which extended notico is given
by the Secretary of the Interior in his
report, wiil attract great attention.
Judged bv the ag {regale amount ot work
done tho last year has been tbi greatest in
tho history of the officr. I belicvo that the
organization of the office is offloient, and
thit tho work has been dono with fidelity.
The passage of what is known as the disability
bill has, as was foreseen, very largely
increased the annual disbursements to
the disabled vetyrans of the civil war. Tho
estimate for this fiscil year was $141,1156,000,
and that amount was appropriated.
A deficiency amounting to $10,*
608,621 must bo provided for ut this session.
The estimate for pensions for the fiscal year
ending June 3), 1831, is $105,i)t)0,< 0J. The
1>U1U IIITSIVIKT Ul 1 cUISIOIIS Di.I'VOt tiiat it
the present legislation and nietho Is ore
m iinlaiuo 1 and futher additions to the doumon
laws are not male, tne maximum expen
liturefor pensions will lio reached Juno
8), 18)4, and will be at the highest point
18S,03t>.000 per auiiutb
I adhere to tho views expressed in previous
messages that thj oar# of tho disabled soldiers
of the war of tho rebellion is a matter
of national concern nild duty, Perhaps no
emotion cools sooner than that of gratitu le,
but I cannot believe that this process has
yet reached a point witli our people that
would sustain tho policy of remitting the
care of these disable I veterans to the inadequate
agencies, provide I by local laws. Tne
parade on tho 20th of September last upon
the streets of tins capital of sixty thousand of
the surviving Union voteraus of the war of
the rebellion was a moat touching and thrilling
episo ie, and the rich and gracious welcome
extended to thorn by the District of
Columbia and the applause that greeted
their progress from tens of thousands of peo
pie from all the Htatos di 1 muoh to revive
gloriou < recollections of the grand review,
when these men and many thousand others
now in their graves were w.doomed with
grateful joy as victors in a stru ;gle ifc which
tho national unity, honor and wealth w.-re
all at issue.
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT W )RK.
T i3 report of too Secretary of Agricul tu.o
contains not only a most interesting
statement of the progrewlva an t valuahl 1
work don9 under the administration of
Meoretary Rusk, hut many suggestions for
the enlarge I us >fulnset of this innirtuit
D'pirtnen . fn the sucoce* til elrort to
break ilown the re unctions to the free introduction
of our ineit product* in the
oountriea of Uurope, the Secretary has been
untiring from the first, stimulating and aidlug
all other Government officers, at home
and abroad, whose official duties enabled
them to participate in the work.
The total trade iu hog products with
Europe in May, 1803, am-united to 8J.0J0,*
UOJ pounds, against 4 5,00"). '00 in tho same
month of IS9I; in Juue, 1831, the exports
aggregated 85,700,001 pounds, against 46,600,CO)
pounds in the sumo month of the
previous year; in July there was au increase
of 41 per cent, and in August of 55 oer cent,
over the corresponding months ot 1801. Over
4j.000.000 pounds of iuspectel pork have
been exported since the law was put into
operation, and a comparison of tue four
months of May, June, July and August,
18) J, with the same months of 1891, show an
increase in the nu uber of pounds of our oxp
>? of pork product of (32 per cent., and au
increase in value oi 6t)V? per cent.
he croorts of dressed hoof increased fro-u
137,903,010 pounds iu 1S>!? to 223,5)0.OK)
pounds in 1591, or about 69 per ceut. Durin
tho past year tbere have been exported
391,0 >7 nead of live cattle as against 205,789
exported in 1&S9 This increased exportation
has been largely prom >ie t by the inspection
authorised by iaw aud the faithCul
efforts of ttio Secretary and his efficient subordinates
to make that inspection thorough
nod to carefully esolule trom all cargoes
diseaso-l or suspected cattle.
Tho requirement of tho English regulations
that live cattle arriving from the
United States must bo slaughtered at tho
docks had its origin in the claim that pleuro
pueamonia ousted among Aueric in cattle,
and that tho exist9nca of the disease coull
only certainly bo determined by a post-mortem
inspection.
The Department oj^griculture has lahore 1
with great onorgy and faithfulness to extirpate
this disease; and, ou tho 3Gth day of
September last, a public announcement was
ma do by she Secretary that the disease no
longer existed anywhere within tho United
tjtates. The value to the c.attio industry of
the United States of tela aohievemont can
hardly be estimated. Wo cannot, p9rhapa,
at once insist t hat this evidence shall bo accepted
as satisfactory by other countries;
but if tho present oxomotion from the disease
is maintaine 1 and the inspection of our
cattle arriving at foreign ports, in which
our own veterinarians participate, cendrms
its eve may justly expect that the requirement
that our cattle shall be slaughtere 1 at
the docts will be revoked, as the sanitary
restrictions upon our pork products have
boeu. Ifourcittle can be taken alive
tho interior the trade will be enormqr/C-y
increased. <'
Agricultural products constituted 78.1 per
ceut. of our unprecedented exports for the
fiscal year which closed June 30. 1893, the
total exports being $1,030,378,030, and the
value of the agricultural products $7.?3,717,670,
which exceeds by more than $150,000,000
the shipment of agricultural products
in any previous year.
An interesting aui a promising work for
the benefit of the American farmer has
been begun through agents of the Agricultural
Department in Earops, aud consists
in efforts to introducs the various
products of Indian corn as articles
of human food. The high price of
rye offered a favorable opportunity
for the experiment in Germanv of
combining coru meal with rye to produce a
cheaper bread. A lair degree of success has
beeu attained, and some mills for grinding
corn for food have been lutro luced . The
Secretary is of the opinion that this new
use of the products of corn has airealy
stimulated exportations, and that if diligently
Dersecuted largo anl Important markets
can presently be opened for this great
American product,
it may, I think, be said without challenge
that iu no car res ponding period has so much
'.oeii done as during the -use tour years lor
tho benefit of American agriculture.
NBKl) or NATIONAL QITAUANT1NE.
The subject of quarantine regulations, inspection
and coutrol was brought su ldeuly
to my attention by tho arrival at our ports
in August last ot vesse a iniected with
cholera. Quarantine regulations should oo
uniform at all our ports. Lin ier the Constitution
they are plainly within the exclusive
Federal juris lictiou when and so far
as Congress shall legislate. In my opinion
the whole subject should bo taken into
National control and adequate power given
to the Executive to protect our people
against plague invasions. On the 1st
of September last I approved regulations
establishin; a twenty-day quarantine
for all vessels bringing immigrants
from foreigu ports. This order will be continued
in torce. Some loss and suffering
have resulted to passengers, but a due care
for tho homes ot the people justifies in such
cases the utmost precaution There is dau
K<=i uiai njiu mo cumiu{( <>[ spnuj cooiera
will again appear, aa 1 a liberal approoriation
should be made at thin session to euable
oar quarantine ani port officers to exclude
tbe deadly plague.
We are peculiarly t-ubject iu our great
porta to tho spread of infectious diseases by
reason of tho fact that unrestricted emigration
brings to us out of European cities, in
the overcrowded steerages of great steunships,
a large number of persons whose
surroundings mase them th i easv victims
of tbe plague. This consideration,
as well as thoso affecting the political,
moral, and industrial interests of
our country, lead me to renew tbo suggestion
that admission to our country
and to tho high privileges of its oitiz ;ashi;>
should be more restricted and more careful.
We have, 1 think, a right an I owe a duty to
our own people, and especially to our working
people, not only to keep cu* the vicious,
the ignorant, the evil disturber, the pauper,
and the contraot laborer, but to check tho
too great flow of immigration no w coining
by lurtber limitations
WORLD'S FAIR PR'ORKSS.
The renartof tho Worl ?'s Columbian Exposition
has not yet beeu submitted. That
of the Board of Management of tho Government
exhibit has been receivel and is herewith
transmitted. Tho work of construction
an I of preparation for tho opening of tho
Exposition in Muy next has progressed most
satisfactorily anil upon a scale of liberality
nn I magnificence that will worthily sustain
the honor of the Un.teil States.
PROTECTION FOR RAILWAY EMPLOYES.
| In renewing the recommendation which
i J have made in tlire.) prece ling annua!
messages that Congress should
legislate for tho protection of railroad
employes against the dangers incideut to
the old and inadequate metaods of braking
and coupling which are still in uso
u.ion freicrliL ti-mrw I rlo will.
that this Congress may take action upon
the *u >ject. Statistics furnished by the Interstate
Commerce Commission show that
during the year ending Juno 30, 1S91, there
were 47 different styles of car couplers reported
to bo in use, an I that during the same
l>erio l there were U6 K) employes killed and
i!6,14) injure I. Nearly 10 per cent, of the
deaths occurred in the ojp.'ingand uncoupling
ot' cars, and over 30 p?r cent, of the injuries
had the same origin.
elections and apportionments.
I have, in eich of the three nnnual messages
which it has bean my duty to submit
I to Congress, called attention to the evils and
dangers connected with our election methods
and practice* as they are related to the choice
I of officers of the National Government. In
I my last annual massage I endeavored to in!v<iUeseriou;
attention to the evils of unfair
apportionments for Congros*. I cannot close
this message without again calling attention
to these grave and threatening evils. I had
hoped that it was possible to secure a non,
partisan inquiry,by means o a commission,
| {nto evi s the existoncs of wnich is known to
| nil, Alia mm out ui t-us uii^ui grow legislation
from which all tli >o ;!it of pirtisan adv.uitago
should I)? eliminate I and only the
higher thoujlit appear of maintaining the
free to:n unii pvtrity of the ballot auu the
equality of the eleotor, without the guaranty
o. which the Government coui I never have
Keen formed and without the continuance of
which it cannot continue to exist in peace
and prosperity.
It ia timo toat inutua1 cbarg >s of unfairness
and frau I betwie.i the great parties
should ciase, an I that the sincerity of those
who profess m desire for pure and honest
elections ahould be brougbc to tha teat of
their willin<ness to fraw our legislation and
our alaotion methods from everth nz that
tends to impair the public coafl ienoa in tha
auuounced result. Tbe nocsssity for an inquiry,
and for legislation by Gontress,
uoon this subject is emphasized by tbe
fact that tbe tendency of the legislation
in soma States in recant yeara
has in soma important particulars been away
from and not toward free and fair elections
and equal apportionments. Is it not time
that wo should come together upon the high
plane of patriotism whiie we devise metnods
that shall secure the right of every man
qualified by law to cast a free ballot an I give
to every such ballot on equal valu*? in choosing
our public officers and in directing toe
poucy of tbe Government'
AGAINST LYNCH LAW.
Lawlessness is not. Jess such, but more,
where it usurps the functions of tha peace
officer aud of the courts. The frequent
lynching of colored peoile accused of crime
is without tho ezcuM which has so netim"*
be?n urged by mob# for a failure to uursua
the appoiuted method# for the punish uent
of crime, that the accused hxvo an
undue Influence over courts and juries.
Such acta are a reproach to the
community where they occur, and so ,?
far as they can be ma i* the subject of
Feleral jurisdiction tho strougest repressive
legislation is demanded. A puolic sentiment
that will stistaiu the oflt :?rs of the
law in resisting mobs aud iu protecting accused
persons in their custoiy should be promoted
by every possible means. The offleer
who gives his life iu tho bravo discharge
of this duty is worthy of special
honor. No lesson nee is to he so urgently
impressed upon our people as this, that no
worthy end or cause can ha promoted by
lawlessness.
past words.
This exhibit of the work ot the Executive
Departments is sub.uitto 1 to Cougross and to
the public in tha hope that there will bo
found in it a duo sense of responsibility an 1
an earnest purpose to maintain the national
honor and to promote the happiness and
prosperity of all our people. Aul this brief
exhibit of the growth and prosperity of the
country will givo us a level Iro n which to
note tne increase or decadence that new
legislative policies may bring to us. There
is no reason why the national influence,
power, and prosperity shout l uot observe
the same rate of increase that have characterized
the past thirty years. We carry the
f reat impulse aud increase of these years
nto the luture. There is no reason why in
many lines of production we shou! I uot sur- ^
pass all other nations as wj have already
done in some. There are no near frontier*
to our possible development. Retrogression
would be a crime.
bekjauix harrdsox.
Executive Mansion. December 6. 1802.
A TEMPERANCE SQUALL.
The Battle in the Legislature Over
Prohibition Has Opened.
Columbia, S. C. - The prohibition
stnugle is on. The consideration of (he
majority lepoit r< commending the paMojo
of lite i hilds bill, a lengbtv me.as
uro pr >vi ling tor the appointment of
county agents to dispense liquor only l"i
sacramental, medical and scientific purposes
came up in t ic House.
Mr. 13lease, of Newberry, moved to
strike out all that bill after the ex cting
words and insert his bid which in a few T
words, prohibits the sale of liquor under
penalty of a fine of from $-500 to $1,0 i0,
or impr.soument in the peuit utiary front
live to ten years for each offeuce. Th'
amendments was tabled by a vote of
ninety o-ic to tweuty-fivc.
The debate then continued several
hours. The speech of the day was mado
by Repre-cti ativc Johu P. Thomas, of
Richland, who showed that with a license
law So.itli Ca-olin-t now had fewer number
of taxed retailed liquor dea era petcapita
ci population t >an any State in
the T'nion except A'a araa and Arka- sas
and tho pr hibition S ate of Vermont bus
thirty-three per cent, more saloons in
proportion to population than Sju:1i
C?roliuu
Argument on the Prohibition bill was
resumed at nigh: with vigor in the House
of Representatives Lawrence opened
the tight agtinst the measure, and atserted
that if the bill were pass d it
would entail an additional tax levy of o' ? ~
mill iu Rirhuioud county, and two mills "
in the city of Columbia.
The opponents of the bill su cecded in
impeding arti .n for a time by requiring
th reading in full of the very voluminous
bill an I the many amendments to it.
PRERERRh:il),,L)llOWNiNG.
So Ho Jumped Off the Brook yu
Bridge, But the River Patiol
"Would Not Let Him Drown.
NiiW Y kk ?Di iiel McCluskv, aged
37, of Roanoke, Va , jumped off the
Brooklyn Bridge th s afternoon into the
liver. He was picked up living by til
river patrol and taken to the Chonbcts
Street llespitd lie came hero from Virginia
last Friday. This nfternoo i while
lu was on the passenger walk of the
bridge, ubout 'J00 feet from the Brooklyn
end, he suddenly climbed down into the
carriage way. Then lie clainbercd on tinrails
and jumped far out iuto the air
Policemen Fcuny, Daily and llolnn, o(
J the liver patrol, were in a boat near
where McClusky struck the water.
They vowed rapidly to the spot and
I \\ li u he funic to the surface, grabbed
! an i nulled liiin into the bout. When
n?k?d why lie jumped from the bridge h<
said: "They were going to hang me I
saw the scaffold they had built for me
on the bridge. I don't know what the\
want to hang me for. I have done noth
ing wrong," One of the policemen asked
him if he wanted to outdo Brodie. "Yes, '
; answered McClusky.
A Bridge for the Mississippi.
Washington, D. < >f Vest, Democrat,
of Me sou i, i:o .1 t..c committe on
comm rcc, reported favorably a bcuule
bill authorizing the Southern Bridge and
Railroad Company of New Orleans, to
/?nnch iif?J otwl mninlain n hriflcrn Atmr fhn
Mississippi riv r above New Orleans, of
three unbroken spans, to be at ! nst 1,000
I feet in length and with but two piers in
the v ver and the hi.host to be not less
! than 85 f et above high water; this bridge
to be constructed under the direction of
the Secretary of War, and to be available
for any of the railroads desiring its use
to cross the Mississippi river, and also for
posttoa's ami t tcgraph and other purposes.
The bridge is to be completed
within live rears of the passage of the
act. The bill was unanimously passed.
Murray WU1 Keep Hit Seat.
| Chaki.bston, 8. C.?Oeneral ?. W
| Moise announces that he will unci -r no
ircuinstanoes contest tin sent of E W.
Murray, the negro elected to Congress
i frem the Seventh district.
i , *il. r>'i5v, ifii^iHiniSI