Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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^ Dceoted to Agriculture, Horticulture, Domestic Iicvnomy, ^ ^ \ XXIIL1^^^ SERIES.,, UNIQN C. 8, >892. NUMBER 2. v . ;/*-? - *ijc vaca collected by"iusurance corav . panies* oftort Tbring out curious facts jb vrMoh-ottfcijwiae would be likely to 03cape potffce. Among these may be classed' the statistics recently compiled by compaaies who issue policies on cattle, . which show that a distinct increaso in risks is caused by the use of wire fences on farms. Tuo number of cattlo reporteJ as killed by lightning is very large. In tho majority of cases the cattle weic ucur the wire fences at the moment of boiug struck, and so conviuced are the companies that the metal strauds, by acting as couductor3 of electricity, Increase the chances against tho life of tho cattle, that they arc making a modideation of the conditioas on which such L ius'jrauco is given. Here is nu expert opiuion upou E li bod s new eicciric motor: It is not merely the outcomo of speculation, but the 'result of actual experiment on a comS _ rfnercial scale. Mr. Edison uses the rails Au conductors and operates at low po"^^tent'al. IIo has proved that there is no cause for fear from the accidental formation of n short circuit through "the crossling of tracks by vehicles with iron wheels or tires. As regards the question 'of safety to liumnu beings and animals .'lilceiy to come iu contact with the rails, it is needless to add that the ellect oi 'twenty volts upon the human body is imperceptible, and actual experiment has also shown that horses arc not effected by it in the slightest degree. 80 far the initial cost of the new lys.eai will make I ^"Ouapplicablc to auy but the largest and the largest short roads. B In Maine, a State of vast foreits, acI cording to a Bangor newspaper, the uio I of wood for fuel is steadily diminishing, and coal from the Pennsylvania mioos is l taking iU place. Stove doa'.crs roport I: that they sell more and more stoves with | _ coal fixings every year, nud the failing off in the consumption of wood has boon o great of late that cord wood can bo had much cheaper than twenty yp^rsago. At the same time tho price of coal has been falling, until now, in a largo number of places, a greater amount of heat f?C. *-ui ?? ? ? "<? nf Itmuiu, o>*. J.? ?!. * tainod from coal than from woo l. One ,r elTcct of this change, of courso, is to arrest the destruction of tho forests. Tho substitution of coal for wool has already gone far enough to make an appreciable difference in the number of trcos which must bo felled each year to furnish heat for the household. l -Tho New York Sun muses: "Firs! ionics the man wlio has acquired an island iu Pnget Sound, ou which he is raisin'' black cats for their furs,aud New York furriers have already shown to readers of T/u b'otninj Sun that there's tnillious in it. Next, here is a man in Missouri with a rattlesnake farm, who tells ty.SUUU wort a oi ruiiiou.tnu uu |<v> annum. Ilis live stock on a tenced forty-aero patch are counted ht 10,000 tails. The man who tried to make a fortune out of spiders' silk and failed, is an old story. Tho man who is doing pretty well with his terrapiu ranch in Matylaud is another story. The Long 'island leech farm is ancient history. How the Florida man, with his nlligator preserve, may bo getting along lihs not beer repotted late!v. Among the few prom objects of cultivation which appen; to have been neglected us yet are musk , rats, cral)3, ediblesuails,.skunks (Alaskai I f-ublc of the furriers), 'possums (ver f toothsome), the deadly nightshade monkshood and strychnine plant. Bloom " i:ig I'clds of belladonna and aconit would variegate the rural landscape an might enrich the owner." : ' , Commander W. W. Mead, of th ft* United States Navy, who was ou duty i , "Bering Sea during last summer, does nc think tho regulations for the protectio l of the seals wcro altogether a succei r jThe law provides that before a vessel [ captured it must be warned to lenvo tl I scaling waters. A Unite I States offic boards tho vessel, demands her rogistc 'enters upon it tho dato of hip iuspc B tion and tho iatitude and longitude, h |B takes an invoice of tho cargo. If t 'sealer is found a second time, and t has seals 01 skins on hoaru in excess thoso marked ii? the invoice first ma< K j confiscation follows. Bays Comtnissioi 1 ; ( Mead. ,"The sealers knew of the la W ' and made it a point to avoid be! ..warned, and in this way many of th _ secured good catchei. As a rulo, tl H loft on being warned, as tbo nine G eminent boats each had n list of nit Hp, ships, anil the penalty, in ctsoof c H tore, was much feared, being a confii ,tion. Vessels that wero boarded 1 '-green skins in numbers ranging fi I ^^600 to 700. A c\rgo is fro n 300'i H 4000 skin <, so you cm s:o that a lu H ; Vhip did a good biuinon bofors be ^Warned; indeed, some vessels wers igood at escaping the warnjng thit t jdid not receive their notificatioa ? f [the season was practically over."' JANUARY DOINGS. The Latest News From a Trio of States. Interesting News Items From ManyPoints In Our Own and Neighboring States. VIRGINIA. A party of nineteen Northern capitalists, headed by Col. .John 8 Menefee, of Bostou, are now in the southwest. Miss Patty Ward, of Page comity, has catered ou her one hundred and second yoar, having been born in the summer of 1790. Four hundred and twenty thousand dollars have been expended in the crec tiou of new buildings in Front ltoval, Warren county, duting 18'Jl. A company will submit a proposition to the people of Highland and Augusta counties to construct a standard gunge railroad ou the bed of the Staunton and Parksburg turnpike from a point on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad or the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad at or near Staunton. The Govornor has received a petition from Mr. Enoch Pratt, of Baltimore, requesting that, the full value of the bonds held by the Peabody fund be paid in the settlement. The Governor decided to let the cniiiiiiittiieatinn tm *?? -- fc>" .T" *'* &' islature upon its rc-usscinbiing. The shipments of manufactured tobacco from l)anvillc during the las' year were 7,314,208 pounds nud the sale of leaf 38,012,001 pounds James II. Arduaglc, a brakeman ou the Allautic and Danville railroadft^fea killed near Hope Station, fifty miles cast of Danville, lie was brakeman on westbound freight train and was knocked from the c r while the train was passing under a bridge and was instantly killed. The remains were taken to Lawrencoville for burial. Ex-Qovcrnor Fitzhugh Lee was presented with a silver punch bowel at the residence of Colonel C. O'B. Cowardin. The bowel was a present from the members of his staff and bears the following inscription: "Governor Fitzhugh Lee, from his statT, 1880-'90. Colonel Itich aid F. Beirnc, Colonel II. L. 1). Lewis, Colonel J. Hampton lloge, Colonel II. O. James,Colonel Philip Haxall, Colonel Bamucl 11 Wilt, Colo el C. O'll. Cowardin. A Token of AlTcction and Admiration. May 22, 1890. NORTH CAROLINA. During the year of 1891 Winston shinned. eleven million on?I paid for stamps is $000,005.53. A^wiivy thuuder and lightning storm visited ltaleigh. The lightning set on n? lnrim linrn at the ?sorth Cuiolina ,,,v ? experimental btation. Two mules and the barn and contents were burned. A. F. Arnold, jeweler, of Winston, made an assignment to F. M. Roberts. The preferred creditors arc Mr. Roberts and the People's National Bank. At New Berne, 'jeorge Best, a negro, was arrested on the charge of poisoning his wife and two children. The former, is dead nnd the children will die. lbused "Rough on Rats" in tlour, which was made into bread and partaken of by the family. Some heinous incendiary touched the torch to the cellar of J. V. McChell's store, nnd the magnificent Blue U-dgc Inn, with her hundred rooms, the Mountain llotel, and eight other establish incuts lie in smouldering ruins to tell the sad tale. SOUTH CAROLINA. Tmck farmers at Kdisto Is'and are getting icady to set out cabbago plants The Sumptcr delegation in the General Assembly give in the local papers a statement of their reasons for passing the bill authorizing the county commissi tiers of Sumpter to assess a tax of of one i mill upon the taxable proper<y"to build it new jail The present uusafe condition of tho jail prompted their action. A considerable sale of laud was nuuh near Aiken by I). W. Scigler. One bun t dred and thirty-three acres, known a y the old Hardcen tract was sold to I). W Gaston for $">,000; and the remainder o ' the tract, 137 acres, including the dwel ling house,gin house and all other build c ings. to Mrs Monroe Stendman for $7, j 200. These sales represent a valuatio of this farming laud of about $37.51 pc aero. A colorod society of King's Daughter! of Aiken, gave a Christmas dinner an ? some clothes to 34 poor little colore 1 chi a drcn, whose parents were unable to pro| )t erly clothe them or furnish them wit anything for a Christmas dioner. Dr. H. A. Kfidoch, of Charleston, tl ' most prominent surgeon in the slat '* (lean of tlto fAcuity of South Cnroli io Medical college, of Charleston, ex-vi or president of the Ameiicnn Medical nss ciation, and member of the Assnciuti ,r' of American Sfirgery, has passed awn IC* lie was born in Charleston in 18'itl ai nd received his medical education in t South Carolina Medical college, the Ui versity of Pennsylvania, and in the iiu 'ho jcai schools of Franco and Uermany. of served with distinction as a surgeon the Confederate army. ? Mri. Jefferson Davis* Pension. Mrmiihih, Tknw., [Spccial.l?A l08 meeting of promiuent ex-Coufedor oa? in thin city a resolution was adopted ley pointing n coimnitteo of flvo to prci to the next General Assembly a bill ov' propriating tho sum of $1,000 nnnu tho oh a pension for the use of Mrs. Jcffc ip_ Davis. It was further resolved thn committee will correspond with the ( ' crnors and other citi/.ens of other So tia 1 oru States requesting them to call tlx rout tcntion of their legislatures to this I jeet, and recommend the passage i like appropriation bill. sky -? ?? ,1iag Lom to the Standaid Oil Compa , to Bayonnb, N.J , (Special ]?The p . , barrel works of tin Standard Oil t pany, at Constable Hook, are bun intil llod tho loss it estimated at $000, The Are started in the heading roo the barrel works. CLARA BARTON'S SCHEME To Transport Western Wheat to the Starving in Russia. Washington, I>. C., [Special.]?No arrangements lias as yet been imulc for the transportation to ltussia of grain gathered by the State of Iowa, under the uuspicics of Miss Clara Barton, 1'icsideut of the Red Cross Society. The Russian government has signified its willingness to transport the grain and flour from Iowa, Minnesota and other States on their merchant maiine vessels, if this government finds itself unable to voluntarily tender the use of its ships. Senator Allison, the representative of Iowa in this matter, has so far made no request of the Secretary of the Navy for the designation of any ship. Senator Washburn has done so, however, as the representative of the Miiitiessota millers, and if Secretary Tracy does not tender the use of a naval vessel. It is probable that the grain w ill I e transpoiled in Russian crafts. The executive coinmilte appointed under the proclamation of the tiovernor of Iowa, lallilitr for the relief of Russian sufferers, which includes in its membership four ex-Governors of [own, had a meeting in Des Moines, to ilevise ways and means for the transportation of wheat, corn, oats, rye and II >ur donated by the residents of Iowa. No reply has been received iu response to a telegram from Miss Barton, as to the result of the meeting. It is probable, however, that the committee will avail itself of the invitation extended by the Secretary to supeiintend the transportation of supplies from New York. Shipments from Iowa, liowevir, will not begin till the vessel which will take the supplies has been settled and the date of ita departure fixed. Miss Barton thinks it probable that Ihu I'rwitUnit will select the Scoll ship. Constellation, which was suggested by Senator Washburn to Secretary Tracy, and which performed the similar service during the last Irish famine, as the most available vessel to transport tlio cargo of llour donated by the millers. Its subscriptions are still being received for this purpose. It is likely, therefore, that no definite action will be taken in tho premises until Congress couvenes. Miss Barton, in response to requests from various sections ? f the country, has issued a call and is receiving numerous individual contributions of one dolhii for the relief of iiio Russian peasants. This money will be used by the Bod Cross Society tluough MissBarton,for whatever purpose it may be deemed expedient' All contributions should be addressed: Miss Clara Bauton, Hotel Oxford, 14th St. nnd N. Y. Ave Washington, 1). (J. News ot All aorta, Four-fifths of the s'.cam cngiuts of the world have been constructed within the last twenty-five years. The trouble between the Southern Pacific company nnd the Order of Railway Telegraphers has been settled. Concessions were made on both sides, but the result is a victory for the telegraphers. The Baltimore Evening News has passed into new hands. Charles II. Graslcy and T. Iv. Wor.hingtou will manage it. They announce that the report that the paper had been bought to fight Gorman is false. The oranorc crop of California has be conic so large tliut it cannot lie mark, ted at paying prices. Thousands of ncrua of laud of California are nj\v hearing younj lemon trees. The olive and fig crops ol the Statu are now profitable Experiment in the raising of Ceylon tea in Southeri California will soou be tried. It is noted concerning the appointmcn of Col. William Preston Johnston to sei vice iii connection with the Bniithsoniu Institute that he is very tall?well ov< six feet?and that not only is liis liea destitute of hair, but he has neither cy< brows nor eyelashes, all of which he lo: by an explosion while he was in the Coi federate army, i New Oilcans people arc ambitious an i sanguine. They are prophe-yiug th: their port will become the greatest shi| ping port of the country within the ne: ten years, greaer even than New Yorl They say thc'produeers in the Northc Sttites west of the Ohio river ami in t! | Southern States west of the Alabama ri er have found out that they can sh grain, cotton and pork to Europe fr< New Orleans more cheaply than from a other port. A few days agon commit! " 1 *- *' ? ?oi?AviHit ,r Ol I lie IVSIIIMllt* ag 11 ivi o itoKv. New Orleans to make arrangements exporting Kansas Hour to fo eign coi ' tries by wny of that port at the rate 10,000, barrels a vea'-li SNOW TWELVE FEET DEEP. ie e, A Terrible Storm on the Pacific Cop mi It lias Lasted 24 Hours. cc (o San Francisco, Cai.., [Special.] )(i rain and snow storm which has raged * 24 hours on this coast is the worst jj years The reports received by Soutl jic Pacific officials show that the snow Shasta and Siskiyou counties is the d )(j <at ever knowu since tho building ol jj(, road. Jly actual measurement it is ju feet deep on a level from Siskiyou in tains near the Oregon lino to M Shasta. The record of disasters on coast is likely to bo heavy as the w have been blow ing a gale in shore f< t n hours. ?tes ap ? scut Battle with Moonshiners. ally Montgomery, Ala , [Special.]?! rson nu' Mosely has been informed that a t a in j United States force of twelve of jov. attacked a number of illicit dist nth- w^? wcrc barricaded in a rock hou , at. Sand mountain, in DeKalb county, gul,_ 'oama. Two hundred rounds were jf u by the force. The revcuuo officers repulsed, after having expended all ammunition, Marshal Jackson h my. been shot seriously through the sli , or. General Deputy Colquitt wirci i onel Moscloy that two of the mooi crs were either killed or badly won S eps are being taken to reinfor 't United States officers and dislodi m 01 moonshiuers. on KA't^ufH ERN/FARMS Or 0tjj^rations and Stud bs in Successful Agricultu e. onstituiion Gives n Sketch of Nathan H. Gwyn, Caldwdl County, North Caroli a. BY M. V? MOOItB. ? ' * V Who is there in all our sou lilnnd, that has never hear J of the fame is "Happy Valley" of the Yadkin river. This region lias bee^ the I ith place or former home of many pet>ph \vho have become famous either as.Tanners, or statesmen, or putrio s, dr grSft meu otherwise?the country over. Their children, or their children's cliictren, or remoter progeny, have doublings kept the name and the ancient associations fresh and green even in other ihcoiorios. The II V.i.l L- * II-.- ' - v.|'|.v,? iiiuniii vaiiujr?II I liLU Oil WIIU'11 is to bo the subject of this i article?was note<l even in the obi colntihl (lays nrul in the later revolutionary eta. One of the <>bl revolutionary ; liejocs?General Lenoir, of a Huguenot family now scattereil ami distinguished ill over the south?a Virginia Frenchman, settled at the; outpo.it of civilization guarding the frontier there. He or his predecessors built protecting walls of huge oaken logs on a beautiful eminence overlooking ttic valley of the rippling rivir for miles. They called the spot "Ffit Defiance.'' From its secure ramparts rbc early settlers defied the dat ing savages who had their hunting grounds audi maize fields both above and below. The same valley was the home and early hauling ground of Duuiul uJio ^airii i) memories or the land to the dark and bloody grouu Ik of Kentucky, and into the blacker plains of Mbsovri beyond. The name "Yadkin" is not Indian, tis many have supposed; the word is a corruption of the old English appellation Atkin ? for the beautiful stream was once known as Alkin's river?so-called from the first Englishman who vettlcd on it:' banks near Salisbury. The ancient ot prehistoric Indian title was Sapona or See-po-nee, the meaning of which is now simply n matter of poetic fancy. For nculy a hundred years the host of these Yadkin valley land* were owned and operated by noble families, representing, in a happy blending of characteristics, English aristocracy and American democracy. The men were courtly and dignified, yet they kept open house and hand. The humblest citizen could obtain thtfir greeting, or become tlicii guest. The women were high bom dames of wit and grace and beauty. Tin m;gnt gold and send their sons in iioim universities of high fame. their broad acres and abundant free slavi labor, 110110 of them ever amassed fm tunes, as we know fortunes today. lbi they lived like old time princes?as old time princes they were. They bail th fat of the land; their fields teemed wit the richest of golden harvests; anil the never dreamed of liens, nor of conunci rial fertilizers, nor of pay-day for wor hands, nor of the exhaustion of soils. I a money crisis came, all that was ncei aary was to sell the triflingcst nigger i the place who could easily be spareiland then things went on easy. Tl families drove in eariiagcs of stately pi portion and finish to famous watcrii places, and displayed dignity and coi 5 tcsy, and also generous lienrts, that lie; f over lace and linen frills, and bcuea a high stilT collars and buckram stoct 'I'll? had hiiiT vests around tin ample waists, ami gold dollars in tin ^ ample buckskiu or silk parses?tint ol fashioned purse, with its slit and ti n rings in the middle and rich 'tassels ,r the ends. (| Oh, my! how I do love to revel 3_ these dreams and inemor os of those go ^ old times,for I am not(alas!)'oo young j. have seen, with my own eyes, tlio p turcs I would paint of that glorious pa and tiiese hands that now make thisct have held iu their friendly grasp lingers of some of the most noble f P" rourtly of the grand old regime. * hold?For the reader wants mo to let nl I11 my dreaming now, and get to dea with the throbbing facts of modern bi Y~ Alas! sentimentality must yield to '1* sterner issues of life, and the scribe 11 ,m keep along with the procession. So b "y Just in sight of? and a mile or al ?the old "Fort Defiance," there lies f farm of N. II. Gwju, Patterson j>o fice, N. C. 1 have selected the exni of this mau and his place for two re:i ? ?one is to make it a representative Piedmont North f irolina; and the i reason will, i trust, appear when I fully recorded 1he history of the fan its ruiu and restoration. In the remorseless carvings oftiim fate, this farm is now only a small l> ' of one of the old time baronial istat< vast property ot iudiRSITis oi A up ?even since tlio death of alnvc-ty>ver more than half a dozen nice and sufl in plantations. The most melancholy lent ?f ' a'l's die fact that, under out in systems of farming, one noble mat ?ep. ltnd titles to it all, died in hopeless the city; and hence the divisions and 12 tributious among aliens of the a oun- posessions. In the endeavors of tlx ouut landlord to hold together his ningn the landed estates fatal policies were iuds sued, both in labor and in cultiv >r 24 and when the gravo closed over th blctnan, thortis and biambles, and and the sassafras bush, following i wake of neglect and pfofcivo raiil crawfish, had4aken p tfCssions>1, o p, . nigh destroyed, mu;Tt that was k ?.<?" tcciniug with plenty,aud theeiuboi lit ers ?* UlK' VB'UC- V tilers \ great-hearted Bngllshtnan, 80 ?.n Levcntliorpe, once nn oMiccr in the Ala- i8i, nrmy, and afterwards a brave firod jn the southern confederncy, was wcro ted by the loveliness of the beauti their ley and happy sunoundings and av'ng chased some eight hundred acres ould- partition of the groat estate referred # Col- this genial general w*a only th ishin- tone-i English noblemiho, win tided. nothing Of practical farhdrtg, n ce the h(, ^now and practiced everythi jje the necessary and worthy the vocal i duty of a g?ntlenmt\, turi |; "I laud over to tenants?pure hearted, good 1 men they xver.'?while he studied philosophy ami chess problems, living the < life of n guileless lord ami Christian. Hut his lands paid him little or no interest on his money invested, and every year wit* i dossed the process of exhaustion and poverty in the soil. We saw tilings going from bad to worse in the eneroaehments of swamp, sassafras and the hamboo, and in t tic fearful ^ork of floods. And so. abandon*! eg all hope ot successful farming, he sold his place to Mr. Owyn, the j rice paid, it is said, being $7,000 in hand, perhaps more than half of this sum having been expended by the Englishman in puli ng up an elegant residence on the place a residence with the ideal walnut and oak wainscoting and gothic gahejs in abundance, Hiscxnmpie was a living illustra ion of failure in the principle of Poor Kichnrd that He. who by the plow would thrive Himself must either hold or drive. Mr. (hytn was raised on n farm, and he had always manifested a fondness and aptitude for agricultural pursuits. Hut iu the progress of cotton manufacturing in the south, he had gotten into the current, and at the time that he resolved to exchange the spindle for the plow, he had accumulated the spare money necessary to buy the "llolly Lodge" farm? this the christening of the Englishman's place. "What is he going to do with that old worn-out ami swampy place, that has kept men poor all their days in trying to work i i i * * This was the question that disturbed many of tiie man's friends. There were plenty of people who considered the money as simply hurleit in real esta'c rrom which posterity nloie might realize the prjit. There were also neighbors who ridiculed the man when he m >vcd h's family to th? ?*"?! p|rcintfuy; tti'ww thousand dollars in the work of fencing and cleaning out swamp and thicket. There were some things s tid about him that nut):aced the word "i ol.*' A string of plank fencing over a mile long?fencing sawed out of white pine and with split locust posts, each lot of lumber worth some forty dollars t ie i thousand feet in New York ?this was tho great expenditure that exemplified folly, so it was more than hinted. Tlicu there were thickets through which own birds could not ily, and a swamp given ' over to snakes, frogs, crawlish and rnbbits. These next swallowed up the erring brother's money and his time ?for day after day, year after year, from early morn to dewy eve, he kept right along with his work, realizing the truth of the maxim that 1 Da boss in lief ho'sclf Is wol f a dozen hail's, even if ho didn't put his fingers on spade 1 or mattock, lie kept there all the same * ?rjbiivMf nut -iw.?li r~*" | ?."Is to relegate or trust to auv 4 1 tic VOUiS . ? I . ? B lays of money still wont oil?some of ilie ' expenditures being borrowed dollars, but still no return. Finally the wand of the eu.hanter was 0 seen, 'i lie old ruins now stood out in a spread of blossoming and golden spleny dor, and where there was once the abandoncd old fields and deserts, with here k and there the narrow patch that attested life in the feeble cornstalks ?the work of s" th-j old-time butcher an 1 shirk?there is >n now beheld a beautiful and broad ox~~ pause of 200 acres of Yadkin bottom un 10 broken by blot or blemish, and over ?" eve y sipiaro foot if which tho mowing 'S ing maehiiic can be run without let or hindrance to tho cutlers, save only in :lt those ureas where the new barn lias aris1,1 en, or where the shapely walnut rears its ample arms to shelter the animals that L'!r rest and cool under the leafy foliage e.,r in the long summer days. And the val tie of the piopcity today is placed a AO $40,000?this against a c st of $10,000 at ?vcmouts and the worl uiuuim,...? " *i . of restoration ?all in a period of los: 0(j thau ten years. The owner says now tha if he had in the meantime made nullum . whatever in the sale of a single bushel < tsl! ?raiu 01 n l)OUllt' of hay or meat he ha " made more money in seven years farmin ^ than any other man around with mm itid and better land originally, and who h.n But ''ccu a" '^1(' while selling the meats an ' the grains - and the prolit has been simj One a'<e in the value of the lam ! ? and still the owner will indulge in satisfactory smile when ho tells you 1 the 'l,,s ''ctnaliy sold both meat and grain rtllS? half of his neiglih is who once prophi j sicd bis ruin, or discussed his folly.'' Now, win rein lies here JOVC ' t|1R Til R Six ur.r OK BUCCKSS, stof- and what is there in the example befr njile us from which I he southern farmer gem isons al'.y can learn a lesson of usefulness a ? of value? What, also, is the available pi llier sieal element in Ill's history which I have brought life to that which had been g 11 in en over to the piovin.ee of the dead? From the word go, wherever the co ; and l>ca could l>e liumccu u> ? part worn-out land, it \va . put in and (lieu 1 ei-n growth turned back into the clay, sliced the ground was too poor to sprout -into P'Jf. it was coaxed into life with anot icictit fertilizer. A< tins peas ripened tl part, were partially picked, and thou the vi 0|d with the rcinuiuderof its fruit, was pl< i wlio <'<1 deeply with the heavy two-ln pov- plows. This sowing uud turning tin 11 disncient of tlio pea has been going on all jgoo i while since the iiitin took the plar iliront hand. Wherever small, select areas ? < pur- be induced to grow other crops in pi ation; ise, they were devoted to the produc e no- of wheat, corn, rye and oats. Today briers whole place is in a high state of fert n the generally, yielding licli and alum s and crops that pay handsome dividend r well- tlio investment in cultivation f?t i once see what is the present output it ilimcnt farming operations properly the observed by ino in a recent visit t place. Collet |])C opQ acres in bottom laiub i Brit- (il0 0|)CII arable soil on the place? t general acres were this year iu wheat, tlie temp- Homo three hundred and fifty hufill vol- twenty acres were in oats, the h; he pur- about four hundred bushels; s My iu tno nn, j,, cot lit which is supposed to. Hut ^jooil for about forty bushel > to the C high- (Cll acres were iu rye. nud the inc i knew lands now embrace about thirty (though Fifty acres are now growing in pea ng else t|1PS(; f\fty acres about ninety bush on and pea* wero sowed aod his jjr (Jwyn's rule is to pick abo ? : . bushels of peas to each acre sowed. Tht vine is then turned under with the rot uf the crop when it is all fairly ripened ? heavy two-horse plows being used for the purpose, the ground broken deeply, so as to have a good loose and deep soil for the coming crop of wheat which usually follows the pea. Upon the ground thus broken the crop of barnyard manure sfcved on the place is scattered, and thi.i plowed in with a shallow turn, the seed grain afterwards put in with the drill. This process leaves the soil in good condition for the corn crop of the coining y< ar. This practicalagrioullmist tells me one thing about the pea which had hitherto escaped my notice, lie says that in its growth it has no natural enemy, and that it can be fully developed in any soil. It s subject to no disease known to him, nor is it attacked, as other plants ate, iu its growing state by vermin. The only drawback to its culture with him is in wet seasons wlten the crabgrass struggles with it for the ascendancy. If. however, this annual overcomes the growing pe.a crop the grass litis simply caught a tartar ? and they both rido in the barn together tts the best of cowfood in the dry winter forage. Mr. (Swya's enemies to the corn crop are wet weather and Jim Crow, lie doesn't try to control the clouds, but bn lights the black-winged thief with poison. And if the rain fosters too much crabgrass for tlie grain crop to thrive, the barn again levies tribute on the spreading grass, and the f inner makes blessings and riches out of the curse to the corn, the grass being converted into the very finest of hay for his mules and horses, of which he keeps only four. A yoke of oxen came in for the extra heavy work of the plantation. The enemy to the >fllM t CCTIX ' j ' 1 .' '' "" '' is remedied by knmt. 1 asked Mr. Gwyti if he had, out of the abundance of his experience and observation, any special suggestions to make for benefit of the farmer generally. Here are some things he said: Tell the farmers everywhere to pay more attention to their farm ? to real agricultural interests?and take less notice <>l political frauds, uou t make tlio farm simply a staying place for the owner at night; but let it hj converted into home, comfort, happiness, prosperity. Each farmer ought to try, hy all fair means, to inciensc the fertility of at least one or more of his fields each aud every year, until all the place is brought up to the highest possible state of productiveness. Don t scatter too much in unpromising places ? neither in energy, moucy or fertilizers; concentrate is "the word ?until you can afford to scatter generously. Some people call it iutenaiveness in farming. It is simply common sense. ; (h^^^u^ement should dictate that t!,e. f?rn.Y, T.h0 beef?even to the blood and the lioofi. In increasing the fertility of soil, the 1 utnre expense in cultivation is always lessened, while the product is enlarged. A plow runs better and easier in a soil originally deeply broken and made mellow hy peas or other good vegetable niantirin<?, than if poor and half broken at tin start; and deep soils are always the best protection from drouth or excessive rains. No man should think of making a success in farming until he bus a goof sod to work in; if the farm is natural); thin, it can l>e brought up to a produc tivc condition by proper cultivation, un less the substratum i? a sandy spong that absorbs the food element from ever; thing put above it. Mr. Uwyn is a zealous allianceman. a though lie has recently felt called up< to publicly oppose some of the extreii measures of zealots in the alliance part t He says thai the alliance was original intended to benefit the agricultural intt i ests of the country hy making simply ? brotherhood among farmers without a: t ultimate interference in professional po ? tics, hut that designing and unwor if men have prostituted the association is different ends, lie says that as long g the democratic party continues to cvii e its sympathy nnd gives its labors for t is farmer, lie expects to stick to "the < i I,,. .lon'i like the idea of getti I1 nu& |? , i- into little boats that have never in Is trictl in bail weather, lie takes J a Lincoln's advice, not to swap horses ie the iniihlle of the stream, to Mr. tlwvn anil li s wife are member* 2. the Methodist clutreh. They have I living children, lb' is about lilty years old, and lie had some cxpcricnci a private soldier in the confederate an especially in the lirst battle of Manas He has the knack of managing men, especially of getting good work on 1 "hands.'! He goes with them, and i T" can't ito any tiling in the labor he in. !H9 the labor of others intensting toll ,v" selves; but he wants his men to km the work while he tells the big sto ,w" He works chiefly with the hireling I hat system, ignoring somewhat the tc *'u5 system. lie loves to have his farm in " done under his own eye, and the knows it is well done, lie has the i 'ler tat ion of paying liberally for the ' !'cy that he obtains from his hired men. t inc; people here criticise him as helm >w* democratic ami too liberal in foine th rsc He gets aU the white labor he wai K'cr f 10 per month, this including the ling's board. lie now raises all his the 11 v supplies, and has an abundaii ....... <>.,111,.S to 1 inV. ' ROII M? Hi" lllit" -- - . "dd If there nre blessings or honors for out- who make two blades of grass grow < it ton only one grew before, Ihis limn, i ' the success, certainly deserves the hi meeds; nn(l I have given his expei hint ,1S n? histnncc of a man who has n 's on snug fortune in farming without pi t us himself to the strata of producti 1 annual crops for the world's mti facts \j,. has done it by being up earl o the an,i making the improvenu his lands the highest cousideratioi t -all rising of grass, and grain, and Inrty hcing the secondary condition?a yield Hon which in the end brings its bcls; of success also. trves't acres Big Bank Shortage. to Wahrrntoi*. Va., [Special.]?j "j" ; mont of the nflfnirs of Hebenbt ?nt ow spefpr & Company, tlio Now aCrfy' Vh., bankers, who had branches li s\ '1 in two other towna, places tho co " * ? short ago Ht about $100,000 The age of the Warrcnton bank i# I ut ,IV? $35,000 aud $40,000. ? .11 Growth of Southern Railways. Tlic New York Financial Chronicle has analyzed the fourth bulletin of the census office ou railway statistics in a way that reveals some noteworthy features. Tho bulletin relates to the operations of railways in the four southern states of Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina, the figures covering the year 1*5*0. y. The first matter to attract ntteivmhi concerns tho decline in freight rates It actua'ly appears that the avcrago per ton per mile was lower in the four southern states than in the middle states, ami only slightly above the average of the middle western states. T? both tho latter two sections the cond'tions are such as to enforce low rates. The traflic in coal, ore, and other bulky and lowclass freights, which will not bear high transportation charges, is very large iu those sections, and at the same time tho through freight between the w,'st and the seaboard, which likewise has to ho carried at low average rates, forms a ijiiite considerable item in the traflic of the lines. The fact that the average for the midlie states figures out somewhat higher than for the middle western, both being object to much the same conditions, is doubtless awing to the existence of larger centers of population in the middle slates, thus giving the lines in those states proportionately greater amounts ot general inerchaiu.iao traflic yielding belter rates. That any group of southern states hould show averages on the same level i111 those of the two sections lm-ntioin d which by reason of density of t nil lie and In- preponderance of the lower class of freight possess special mlvantages in that "<nill^V(>rll'"iiioro" 1*1)an a ] Kissing ntice. The census investigation makes he average for the four southern states inly a little over three quarters of a rent per ton per mile?in exact figures 7150 thousandths of a cent?while for the nhhllc states the average is given as 8"S Ihousamlths. anil for the middle western 084 thousandths. In tlio New England states,where thero i, an absence of the bulky freights, the average per ton per mile Is ns much js 1.170 thousandths. The chango shiee 1880 has been remarkable. At that time the average for the four southern states was 1.459 cents, while that for the middle Mates was 1 044 cents, and for the middle western states 0.892 cent?that is. the average then was 40 per cent, higher than for the middle states ami over GO per cent, higher than for the middle western states?whereas now ilia lower than the otic and but little higher titan the other. The Chronicle thinks it worth notiiur _ hand, they transported nearly nine and a half million passengers The passenger movement one mile in the same interval rose from 104,000.000 to 309,000,000. In the one instance the ratio of growth is ' 201 per cent, and in the other 22G per cent. This is decidedly heavier than : the increase in the other two sections. In the middle states the number of pas: Rcngcrs increased only 131 per cent., and ,r the passengers one mile 99 per cent., ' while in the middle western states the v percentages were no more than 99 and 73 respectively, i- The rates on the passenger business, c like those on freight, have during the tiecade approached much closer to the averages for the other sections than before. I- In 18*0, while the average for the mid>n tp,.( the middle western and the New io England Stites were respectively 2 2*2, v. > in? nml 2.188 cents per mile, \,.o 'y average for the four sonthero states was I over three cents (It 024). for ISH'.l, :l however, with the averages for the mi<l. ?> die states 1.5195 cents, for tiro middle western 2 090 cents nnd for the New ' y England states 1.020 cents, that of the four southern states was not so very much :1S higher, being 2,207 cents.? Atlanta Con* ,cu stitulion. lie >ld A BKIDEGROOM KILLED. >'.!? CII 'lr. By His Rival When Ho Was Receiv111 ing Congratulations. ,,f N ew Oiu.eans, I Special. 1?A Pica* wo Mine's Meridian, Miss., dispatch ;a\s: sjx "News of a most diabolical murder lus . just reached the city. Willie VVtight 11V and Miss Phillips were married at the ' residence of the bride's father, t\clve .|||(j miles northwest of Meridian. After the , eeremony the bridal party was in the parj ll(, lor making merry, when a youug mm iK? s named Johnson crept up to a w indow and loin- lired the contents of a double barrelled p at -shot gun loaded with buckshot in'o the lies. body of Wright. Wright fell forward abor with a groan, dying instantly. In the mint confusion that ensued the assassin sought ir a|| to iL'akc his escape, hut the constable n in- captured him. Johnson and Wright > i 1 ..t inoiii.w vpu- were rivals ior we n.-iuu ?>i j>h.^ . ivnrk ami Johnson often threatened thai if she ionic wedded Wright lie would kill him, hut ? too she paid no attention to the threats. nigs. ? its at The Jell' Davis Bond Stolen. f'i'in lit'iimom), Va., [Special [-It las ice i.? hi eome known that the bond given to the 1 nited States Government by Jcfferthose ' s " ihivis to answer to the eirer.it court ivlu re ''' ''''s ( ''.v i?r treason, is missing from |1( s | the Court records. This paper hears ti e diest i s'~li:tlurcs Horaee Grecly, John Minor, Venee Wolts Gorrels, Smith, and other proinitade a ,icnt l>p,8?ns . i: The present clerk of the circuit court, >g I'ii M'\w F Pleasants, who was chief iikits C'''1X "I lit" department of justice in v ami Washington at the time of his appoint nt's of "tent to his present i osition, found that ,1 the document win missing soon aft' r his meats advent as clerk, and ever sinco lie has condi made diligent efforts to find it, hut with reward nul s,10r,,!!s- has 1m l tunny off. rs for the fae simile of the paper, one of them being fron a prominent magazine lie told a Press reporter that he had .. .inn nf iln? thief, hut declined to K a'nte- ?av nnvtliinsr nhout tho person, except ?rgcr S. tl,?t lie was dead. Market, icre and unbilled Three hundred ftritish atearaen and ' sl??rt- failing vessels are lost at aea every bet w i en ieai.