Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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^ ^ .^MVV vviu|ie?* often fbring out curious facts ch-otlffc^wiso would be likely to 03 pot ice. Among these may be classed statistics recently compiled by comics who issue policies on cattle, ich show that a distinct increase in ? is caused by the use of wire fences farms. The number of cattle re ted as killed by lightning is very large. In the majority of cases the cattle wetc ucur the wire fences at the in >meat of bciug struck, aud so conviuccd are the coaipauies that the metal strands, by acting as conductors of electricity, increase the chance* agaiust the life of the cattle, that tlicy arc making a modification of the conditions on which such iuajraucc is givcu. Here is nu expert opiuion upou E lison'8 new electric motor: It is not mere- 1 i ly the outcome of speculation, but the > 'result of actual experiment on a comI mcrcial scale. Mr. Edisou usos the rails conductors and operates at low pop tcntial. lie lias nrove.l ? : - J ? ? ?MMV vuvtu 19 DO [ cause for fear from the accidental forma- j r lion of a short circuit through "the cross- < ling of tracks by vehicles with iron 1 wheels or tires. As regards the question f of safety to human beings and animals j likely to come iu contact with the rails, it in needless to add that the edect ol c twenty volts upouthc human body is im- J1 perceptible, aud actual cxpcriineut has also shown that horses are not oflecled by it in the slightest degree. 80 far the k ^ initial cost of the new lys'.em will make 0 j ?t.Juapplicablc to any but the largest ^ &i?? and the largest short roads. u f< - In Maine, a State of vast forests, according to a Bangor newspaper, the uio s< of wood for fuel is steadily diminishing, and coal from the Pennsylvania mines is j)( taking its place. Stove dealers report in that they sell more and more stoves with f'' coal fixings every year, aud the falling "! oil in the consumption of wood has beuu q so great of late that cord woo l can bo 81 had much cheaper than twenty y oars ago. w' At the same time the price of coal has been falling, until now, in a largo au 11bcr 01 places, a greater a uouut of heat niinm ni.tui'i' -*? ? *-- J????*1tainod from coal than from woo I. One V ellcct of this chamje, of course, is to ar- 1 rest the destruction of the forests. Tin vi substitution of coal for wool Ins already gone far enough to make an appreciable ^ difference iu the number of trees which must be felled each year to furnish he it m for the household. Tl iu At The New York Sun muses: "First w /routes the man who has acquired ai hi island iu Ftigel Sound, on which he is is raisin" black cats for their furs,aud New U! w York furriers have already shown to ^ readers of T/u h'oviinj Sun that there's millions in it. Next, here is a man in t< Missouri with a rattlesnake farm, who sells ?>000 worth of rattlesnake oil per annum. ilis live stock on a lenced n forty-acre patch arc couuted ht 10,000 sj tails. The man who tried to make a fortune out of solders' silk and failed, is an old story. The man who is doing g pretty well witli his terrapin ranch in Maryland is another story. Tho Long ? Island leech lnrm isaneiciii iimiory. now ^ the Florida man, with his alligator pre- c serve, may ho getting along has not been u repoited lately. Among the few prom- 11 'objects of cultivation which appear lo have been neglected as yet arc musk- , rats, crab*, ediblestiails,skunks (Alaskan t sable of tlie furriers), 'possums (very * toothsome), the deadly nightshade, J monkshood an ! s'.ryelinine plant. Bloom- | i:ig fields of belladonna ami aconite i would variegate the rural landscapj and might enrich the owner." Commander W. W. Mead, of the , United States Navy, who was on duty in i Bering Sea during lust summer, docs not think the regulation": fur the protection *>jf tho sells were altogether a success, jrihe law provides tint before a vessel is captured it must be warned to leave the . sealin" waters. A Unite I States ollienr p |boards the vessel, demands lier register, enters upon it the date of his inspection nud the latitude and longitude, and takes an invoice of the cargo. If the scaler is found a second time, and she lu3 seals 01 skins on board in excess of those marked in the invoice first made, confiscation follows. Says Commissioner Mend. ."The scalers knew of the law, and made it a point to avoid being warned, and in this way many of them secured good catches. As a rule, they left on being warned, as the nine Government boats each ha 1 a list of all the ships, and the penalty, in cise of capture, was much feared, being a cou'isciVni?r.|< fli-it Iii-ir.lo 1 li 1 ?rcen skins in number* r.ui^in^ iro.o jtiOO to 700. A < ir^o is frou hOT) t> 4000 skin', so you en s:c tint a lucky ship diil a gooil buiine** before bain ; fannied; indeed, so.no vessels wcr; so .good at escaping the ;v.invS:i ; tint t'uy |did not receive their notification until [the season was practically over.'' JANUARY DOINGS. The Latest News From a Trio of States. Interesting News Items From Many Points In Our Own and Neighboring States. VIRGINIA. A party of uinetccu Northern capitalists, licud< d by Col. John 8 Mcucfcc, of Dostou, arc uow in the southwest. j Miss Patty Ward, of Page couuty, has catered on her one hundred uud second ] year, having been bora iu the summer of t 1790. , Four hundred and twenty thousand ^ dollars have been expended in the crec 1 tiou of new buildings in Front ltoyal, a Warren county, duiiug 1891. t A company will submit a proposition ' lo the people of Highland and Augusta ' counties to construct a standard gunge " railroad ou the bed of the Staunton and ^ Parksburg turnpike from a point on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad or the (.'lies- '' ipeake aud Ohio railroad at or near '' staunton. The (Jovornor has received a petition "rom Mr. Knocli Pratt, of Baltimore, rcpicsting that the full value of the bonds () ichl by the Poabodv fund be paid in the ettleuieut. The (Jovornor decided to ^ ?t the communication go |o the Legsialurc upon its re assembling. ^ The shipments of manufactured tobac- (j o from Danville during the las' year rcrc 7,314,208 pounds aud the sale of ,,j eaf 38,012,U1)1 pounds Jst James II. Arduaglo, a brakeman ou iti lie Atlantic and Danville rail road J#^bs it illcd near Hope Station, fifty miles cast 111 f Danville, lie was brakeman on west- w ouud freight train and was knocked S-. ont the c r while the train was passing tli nder a bridge and w is instantly killed. fa he remains were taken to I.......:n? . , ?"V u >r burial. (l, Ex-Goycrnor Fit/.liugh Lcc was pre- 1,1 intcd with a silver punch bowel at the tsidcncu of Colouel C. O'IJ. Cowardin. wi he bowel was a present from the mem rs of his stalT ami bears the following l" scription: "Governor Fitzluigh I.e.', eo om his stalT. 1880'90. Colonel Hioh i?i d F. Bcimc, Colonel II. L. I). Lewis, "ii olonel J. Hampton llogo, Colonel B |?o . Jauies,Colonel Philip llaxall, Colonel hi itmicl B Wilt, Colo el C. O'iJ. Co- ?l ludin. A Token of Affection nuil Ad- lu> iration. May 25), 1890. ad NORTH CAROLINA. Hi During the year of 1891 Winston la^uiil. i'lwt- I'Jtfi'.u. i..... uua . id for stamps is ;frti(i0,00r>.53. A iunvy thunder and lightning storm sited Baleigh. The lightning set o i w< e a large born at the North Carolina las perimental station. Two mules and e barn ami contents were burned. A. F. Arnold, jeweler, of Winston, r]\ ade an assignment to F. iff. Roberts. gj, he preferred creditors are Mr. Huberts ve: ul the People's National Bank. At New Berne, George Best, a negro. ct] as arrested on the charge of poisoning ,U1 is wife and two children. The former 'p| dead and the children will die. He jK led "Hough on Hats" in tlour, which js as made into bread and partaken of by ic family. * C( Some heinous incendiary touched the . >rch to the cellar of J. V. Modioli's ^ ore, and the magnificent Blue H dgc , in, with her hundred rooms, tlie Mono- " dn liotel, and eight other establish* icnts lie in smouldering ruins to tell the n; !id tale. C< SOUTH CAROLINA. 0 Tiuck farmers at Kdisto Is'nnd are v etting lendy to set out cabbage plants I; The Sumptcr delegation in the Gener- y~ 1 Assembly give in the local papers a Utcment of tlmir reasons for passing the fill nuthoriems the countv commissi n- I " is of Sumptcr to assess a tax of of one nill upon the taxable properly "to lniild u lew jail The present unsafe condition R >f tho jail prompted their action. t A considerable sale of land was made" ' lent' Aiken by I). W. Scigler. One huu J lied and thirty-three aeres, known as ' he old liardcen tract was sold to 1). W. ' jjanion for $">,000; and the remainder of ' he tract, 137 acres, including the dwcl- 4 ing house,gin house and all other build- 4 ings. to Mrs Monroe Steadman for $7,- ' ?00. These sales represent a valuation ( [>f this farming land ol about $37.oJ per no re. A colored society of King's Daughters, ( of Aiken, gave a Christmas dinner and some clothes to 31 poor little colore J ihildrcn, w hose parents were unable to properly clothe them or furnish them with anything for a Christmas dioner. Dr. 15. A. Kfnloeh, of Charleston, the most prominent surgeon in the state, dean of tlfe faculty of South Carolina Medical college, of Charleston, ex-vice president of the Amciican Medical association, ami member of the Association of American Surgery, has pas-ed away, lie was born in Charleston in IS*?t? and received his medical education in the South Carolina Medical college, the University of Pennsylvania, and in the niecl ical schools of France and del many. lie served with distinction as a surgeon in the Confederate army. Mrs. Jefferson Davis' Pension. M km mi is, Tknn., (Special J?At n meeting of prominent cx-Confedorhtes in this city a resolution was adopted appointing a committee of five to present to the next General Assembly a bill Appropriating the sum of $l,0l'0 annually as a pension for the use of Mrs. .lelTerson Davis. It was further resolved that a committee will correspond with the Governors and other eiti/.ens of other Southern States requesting them to call the attention of their iligisliitUi'Cd tv> tliio cilli jeet, and recommend the passage of a like appropriation bill. Loss to tho Standard Oil Company. Hayonnk, N. .1 , (Special J?The great barrel works of flu Standard Oil Company, at Constable Hook, are burned, and the loss ir estimated at |."?00,0()0. The lire started in the heading room of the barrel works. CLARA BARTONS SCHEIE j To Transport Western Wheat to the Starving in Rueeia. Washinoton, 1?. C., [8pecial.]?No arrangements hat as yet been made for thu transportation to Russia of grain gathered by tlic State of Iowa, under the auspicies of Miss Clara Harton, lhesideut of the Red Cross Society. The Russian government has siguificd its willingness to transport the grain and Hour from Iowa, Minnesota and other States mi their merchant marine vessels, if this ijoverumeut finds itself unable to voluntarily tender the use of its ships. Senator Allisou, the representative of Iowa iu this matter, has so far made uo cquest of the Secretary of the Navy for he designation of any ship. Senator Washburn lias done so, however, as the eprescntative of the Minnessota millers, md if Secretary Tracy docs not tender lie use of a naval vessel. It is probn>lo that the grain will l c transput ted in hissiati crafts. The executive rnmmin? ippuintcd under the proclamation of the iovernor of Iowa, tailing for the relief f Russian sufferers, which includes in ts mvinhershi|> four cx-Goveruors of own, had a meeting in I)es Moines, to oviso ways and means for the truusporition of wheat, corn, oats, rye and 11 >ur ( onated by the residents of Iowa. I No reply has been received in response j ? a telegram from Miss Barton, as to the | suit of the meeting. It is probable, , owever, that the committee will avail self of the invitation extended by the ? ecretary to supei intend the transport a- ] on of supplies from New York. $hip- ( lents from Iowa, bowevir, will not lie- t in till the vessel which will take the j ipnlies lis* been settled and the date of ^ k departure lixed. Miss Barton thinks ( probable that w.ill ovlprtr j ie Bcoll ship, "Constellation, which i as suggested by Senator Washburn to t eretary Tracy, and which performed '| ie similar service during the last Irish n mine, as the most available vessel to r msport tb.r cargo of llour donated by .1 e millers. Its subscriptions arc still ^ ang received for this purpose. It is t tcly, therefore, that no definite action | ill betaken in the premises until Coness convenes. Miss Barton, in response g requests from various sec lions ?f the 8j untry. has issued a call ami is receiver Uiuuerous individual contributions of tl e dollar for the relief of the Russian a a?ants. This money will be used by the s< td Cross Society tinough MissB.irton,for (( latevcr purpose it may be deemed ex- j( dicnt* All contributious should be a dressed: ai Miss GYaua Bauton, q] >tel Oxford, 11 th St. and N. Y. Ave, ?r ff <iomii?iuuy i t, V'. Four-fifths of tin* sicain engines of the " >il< 1 have been const ructud within the it twenty-five years. j. The trouble between the Southern Pa- ti tie company ami the Order of It-iilwny tl legiuplicrs has been settled. Conccs- ti >ns were ina?le on both sides, but the f: suit is a victory for the telegraphers. tl The Baltimore Kveuing News has pass- 11 1 into new hands. Charles II. Uraslcy '' id T. K. War hington will manage it. " hey aanounee that the report that the :l tper had been bought to tight (Jorinan R false. J The orange crop of California has be- f une so large that it cannot lie mark- ted j paying prices. Thousands of acres of j nd of California are iijw bearing young t tnon trees. The olive and fig crops of < ?e State are now profitable Experiments 1 i the raising of Ceylon tea in (southern aliforuia will soon ba tried. t It is noted concerning the appointment ' f Col. Willi un Preston Johnston to ser ice in connection with the Smithsonian 1 ist.tulc that lie is very tall?well over ix feet and that not only is hit head cstitute of hair, but he lias neither eyerows nor eyelashes, all of which lie lost J V mi ua iiioaioii W iiilC iiC VV<io ill (lie C C" L'derate army, New Orleans people arc ambitious and anguine. They are prophc-yiug that heir port will become the greatest sliip iiig port of the country within the next en years, greaer even limn rsew i oik. ["hey say the producers in the Northern States west of the Ohio river ami in the southern States west of the Alabama riv r have foil in I out that they can ship train, cotton and pork to Europe from S'ew Oilcans more cheaply than from any titer pint. A few days agoa committee f the Kansas Millers' Association visited New Otic ins to make arrangements for xporting Kansas Hour to fo eign conn Irie.s by way of that, port at the rate of 10,000, barrels a year. SNOW TWELVE FEET DEEP. . A Terrible Storm on the Pacific Coast. It hue Lasted 24 Hours. SxN Fiixm i?, C'ai.., |Special.) ? A rain and snow storm w liich has raged over 24 hours on this const is the worst in years '1 he reports received by Southern Pacific officials show that the snow in Shasta and Siskiyou counties is the d op- I ist c\er known sinco the building of the | road. Jiy actual measurement it is 12 feet deep on a level fr ni Siskiyou mouna it... Ill linn t.. Mnnnl Shasta. The lecord of disasters on the coast is likely to be heavy as the winds have been blowing a gale im shore for 2-1 hours Battle with Moonshiners. Montoomkky, Ala , (Special (?Colonel Most ly has been informed that a raiding I'nited States force of twelve officers attacked a number of illicit distillers who were barricaded in a rock house on Sand mountain, in DcKalh county. Alaouina. Two hundred rounds were lircd i?y the force. The revenue ollieer.s were 'epulse.l, after having expended all th ir aimnnnition. Marshal Jackson hating been shot seriously through the should or. (Jencr.d Deputy Cohpiitt w ires Colonel Moseley that two of the moonshiners were either killed or badly wounded. S eps are being taken to reinforce the I'nited States officers and dislodge the tuounshiuers. ! GRE^jpulkERK FAR* Or OMKratiois sod Stud bs in' Su( jfcessfUl AgriouHu . . ThejJonetitution flivw a Sketch o Nathan H. Gwyn, Caldw il County, North * Carol i a. *. h. " . BY U. V? MOORE, j? ' Who is there in all our souihlund. thai has never heard'of tho fame is "Happy Valley" of the Yadkin river. Thin region lias the I ith plnco 01 former homo of many pcopltf yho Iiav< become famous either n^yfanucrs. OJ statesmen, 6r patiTb's, <Jr cnSt men ? !> or wise?the country over." Their children, or their children's chiklrcn, or remoter progeny, have doubtlfss kept the name ami the nncicnt ntsoctftions fresh and given even in other ihediorios. The upper Yadkin valley?a farm on which is to he the subject of this article?was noted even iu the old colonhl days and in the later revolutionary cgi. One of the old revolutionary he Joes?General Lenoir, of a Huguenot fauiijy uowr scattered and distinguished all over the south a Virginia Prcnchtittu, settled at the outpost of civilisation guarding the frontier there. lie or hi*) predecessors built protecting walls of lujga oaken logs on a beautiful eminence overlooking the valley of the rippling riv^r for miles. Fluty called the spot "F^it Defiance." From its secure ramparts die early setters defied the daring savages who had heir hunting grounds and mnizo fields roth above and below. The same valley vns the home ami early hunting ground >f Daniel Bo<?ny_ arh?? nmnrrTT"' nr the land to the dark nnu iloody grouu is of Kentucky, and into he blacker plains of Missouri beyond, 'lie name "Yadkin" is not Indian, as nany have supposed; the word is a coroption of the old English appellation ttkiu for the beautiful stream was once nown as Atkin's river-so-called from lie first Englishman who settled on its inuks near Salisbury. The ancient or rehisLiric Indian title was Snponn or ee-po-nec, the meaning of which is now imply a matter of poetic fancy. For ne uly a hundred years the best- of lcsc Yadkin valley lands were owned nd operated by noble families, reprcuiting, in a happy blending of cliaraCiristics, Eiiglisli aristocracv and Amer an democracy. Tlie men were court !v u?j digiulicd, yet they kept opcu liousc lid hand. The humblest citizen could btaiu thdir grecliug, or liecomc their ucst. The women wcro high born T''? ml.send their sons in Diversities of high fame. *?!.: i-ir broad acres and abundant frco slave ibnr, none of them ever amassed formes, as we know fortunes today. Hut liey lived like old time princes?as oldime princes they were. They had tiic it of the land; their lields teemctl with lie richest of golden harvests; and they ever dreamed of liens, nor of commcrial fertilizers, nor of pay-day for work amis, nor of the exhaustion of soils. If money eiisis caine, all that was ncccsary was to sell the triflingest nigger on he place ?who could easily bo spared ? nd then things went 011 easy. 'J'he ami lies drove i:i eariiages of stately proiort ion and finish to famous watering daces, and displayed dignity and courcsy, and also generous iiearts, that beat >ver hu e and linen frills, and beneath ilgli stilT collars and buckram stocks riie irei) had bulT vests around their impic waists, and gold dollars in their uuplc buckskiu or silk purses?that oldfashioned purse, with its slit and two rings in the middle and rich tassels at the cuds. Oh, my! how I do love to revel in these dreams and mcmor es of those good old times,for I am not(alas!)*oo young t< have so I'll, willi my own eyes, tlio pictures I would paint of that glorious past ami those hinds that now make this cop^ have held in their friendly grasp iu< lingers of some of the most noble am outlly of the grand old regime. Ku hold ? l-'or the read'v wants me to let alon my dreaming now, and get to dentin] with the throbbing facts of modern bsitli Alas! sentimentality must yield to th sternei issues < f life, and the scribe mm keep along with the procession. So be i Just in sight < f?and a mile or abov ?the old "Fort Defiance," there lies tli farm of N. II. Gwju, Patterson posto lice, N. (A 1 have selected the cxampl of this man and his place for iwo rcasot ?one is to make it a representative Piedmont North Carolina; and the otlu reason will. I trust, appear when I lia\ Sully recorded the history of the farm i its ruin and restoration. In the renin's less (livings of time an fate, this farm is n >w only a small pa of one of the old time iiaronial estate* vast property of thousands of acress'ioi up - even since the death of slaveiy? in more than half a dozen nice and sit (licit plantations. The most melancholy pa oi ii ;ii! is uie inn mar, unuor our o | systems of fanning, ore noble mini wI had titles Cm it all, died in hopeless po I ciiy; and heme the divisions and <1 | tributions among , liens of ihe ancie | processions, In the er.dcavors of llicgoi landlord to hold together his ningnil'ne lauded estates fatal polieics were pi sued, both in labor and in cultivatio and when the grave closed over the u bleinan, thoinsaud h: ambles, and Inie and the sassafras bush, following in t wake of neglect and erosive raids a crawfish, had4nkcn p cession of, or wc nigh destroyed, inucli that was on teeming with plenty,autl thecnibodirm of pride and value. A gioat hearted Englishman, Col Ceventho! pe, onee an ofiiecr in the Bi I ish army, and afterwards a brave gene in the southern confederacy, was toil ; ted by the loveliness of the beautifui \ ley and liippy siirioundingr; and lie p 1 chas d some eight hundred acres in part it ion of thegie.it estate referred to. I this genial general was only the hi; tone I English noblcinnD, who kn mulling of pnetien! farming, nltlion he knew and practiced everything i necessary and woithy the vocation r duty of a gentleman, lis turned / I ? Inud orcr to tenants ?pure hearted, good men they were- while ho studied philosophy and chess problems, living the ?. life of n guileless lord nnd Christian. But hie lands paid him little or no interest on his money invested, nnd every year witnessed the process of exhaustion and pov , ertv in the soil. We saw things g'?ing from bad to worse -In the encroachmcuts of swamp, sassafras and the lmmboo, nnd in the fearful york of floods. And *o, abatuloui i>g nil hope of successful farming, he sold his pluee to Mr. flwyn. the | rice paid, it is said, being $7,000 in hand, perhaps more than half i of this sum having been cx|tcndcd by the ' Englishman in putt ng up an elegant residence on the place a residence with lue MOM VilffiUt and oak wainscoting and gothic gabejs in abundance llisexE ample was a living llluslra Ion of failure in the principle of I'oor ltichard that lie, who by the plow would thrive ! llim-clf must either hold or drive. ! Mr. (}w\n was raised 011 n farm, and i he had always uiipiifestcd a fondness and aptitude for agricultural pursuits. Hut iu the progress of cotton manufacturing in the south, he had gotten into the current, and at the time that he resolved to exchange the spindle for the plow, lie had accumulated the spare money necessary to buy the "Holly Lodge" farm ? this the christening of the Englishman's place. "What is he going to do with that old worn-out and swampv place, that has kept men poor all their days in trying to work it?'1 This was the ipicstion that disturbed many of the man's friends. There were plenty of people who considered the money as simply buried in real esta'o from which posterity alo ic might realize the pr?>lit. There were also neighbors who ridiculed the man when ho in ivcd h's family to th pj-.v- ?< <! tsvM***, "I'v.uvlXUtf " I" thousand dollars in the work of fencing and cleaning out swamp and thicket. There were some things slid about him that emb:nced the word "f ol." A string of plank fencing over a mile long?fencing sawed out of white pine and with split locust posts, each lot of lumber worth some forty dollars t ie thousand feet in New York?this the Rival expenditure llmt exemplified folly, so it was nioio than hintou. Then there were thickets through wbicli oven birds could not fly, and a swamp given over to snakes, frogs, crawfish and rabbits. These next swallowed up the erring brother's money and his time ? for day after day, year after year, from early morn to dewy eve, lie kept right, along with his work, realizing the truth of the maxim that I)e boss in fiel' ho'self Is wol f a dozen ban's, even if he didn't put his lingers on spade or mattock. He kept there all the .same lfc^ye'uPL^''t.ruttt t0. nuv. lays of 'money still went on ?some of the expenditures being borrowed dollars, but still no return. Finally the wand of the cu.banter was seen. '1 he old ruins now stood out in a spread of blo-soining and golden splendor, and where there was once the abandoned edd fields and deserts, with here and there the narrow patch that attested life in the feeble cornstalks? the work of ihi old-time butcher and shirk?there is now beheld a beautiful and broad expanse of 200 acres of Yadkin bottom un broken by blot or blemish, and over eve y sipiaro foot < f which the mowing ing machine can be run without let or hindrance to the cutlers, save only in those ureas where the new barn lias arisen, or where the shapely walnut rears its ample arms to shelter the animals that rest and cool under the leafy foliage iu the long summer days. And the value of the propeity today is placed at $10,000?this against ae st of $10,000, embracing improvements and the work of restoration - all iu a period of less than ten years. The owner says now that if he had in the meantime made nothing ' in flic sale of a sintrio bushel of , or a pound of liny or inont lie lias ] ' made nunc money in seven years farming ! than anv coin i* man nroiind with more I and better land originally, and who has j been all the while selling the meats ami the grains and the profit has been simply in the incr a<e in the value of the lands r ? and stilt the owner will indulge in a ^ satisfactory smile when he tells you he has actually sold both meat ami grain to half of bis iieighb is who once prophesied Ids ruin, or disi u-sed his "folly."' Now, v\ le rein lies here e ' ie Til K HKCHirr OK KUC0K6*, f. aud what is there in the example before le us from which the soul hern farmer generis ally can learn a lesson of usefulness ami if value? What, also, is the available phy i sieal element in Ill's history which has 'C brought life to that which had been givii en over to the piovincc of the dead? From the w?rd go, wherever the cowid pea c ould be induced to grow on that it worn-out land, it wa - put in ami ihcu the a growth turned bach into the clay. If .<] the ground was to> poor to sprout the id pea, it was coaxed into hi with another ut fertilizer. A- the peas ripened they it were partially picked, and then the vine, hi with the remainder of its fruit, was plow10 ccl in deeply with the heavy two-horse v- plows. This sowing end turning under j V . it of the pea has been going on all the > i while since the man took tlie* place in i,t hand. Wlict' Ver small, select areas could ir- he induced to grow other c rops in prom ti isc. they were devoted to the production cj. of wheat, corn, rye and oats. Today the >- whole place i> in a high state of fertility he generally, yielding licli and abundant nd crops that pay handsome dividends o: ill- the investment in cultivation f.et u.< ice see what is the present output in the :nt farming operations properly -1lie; fact-1" i" a recent. visit to the UI/31* 1 ? VII ?* ii'v ~ - - place. On the -00 acres in bottom lands-al l'" the open arable soil on I lie place?t hi it1 ,a' acres were this year in ulienl, theyieh ' J* some three himircil ami liflv bu-liels twenty acres were in harvc about four humircil bushels; s \tv acre the are in corn, whi' h is supposed to b good for about forty Lushe! < to the acre ?h* ten acres were in rye. and the uiea<lo\ |f'u lands now embrace about thirty acres Fifty a< re i re now jjrowino jii peas. O ?lse thesi' liftv a< cs about ninety bu.-liel* o ?n<l peas were sowed lb* Mr. tiwyn's mic is to pick about liv I bushels of |H\v? to each sere towed. Tht I vine is then tinned under with the rest of the crop when it is nil fairly ripened ? heavy two-horse plows being used for the purpose, tho ground broken deeply, no ns to have n good loose nnd deep soil for the coming crop of wheat which usually follows the pea. Upon the ground thus broken the crop of barnyard saved on the place is scattered, nnd ths.i plowed in with a shallow turn, tho seed grain afterwards put in with the drill. This process leaves tho soil in good condition for tho corn crop of tho coining y? ar. This practical agriculturist tells me one thing about the pea which had hitherto escaped my notice. He says that in its growth it has no natural enemy, and that it can bo fully developed in any soil. It * subject to no disease known to liitp, nor hi it attacked, as other plants are, iu its growing state b> vcruiin. The only drawback to its culture with him in in wet seasons when the crabgrass struggles with it for the ascendancy. If. however, this annual overcomes the growing pen crop the grass has simply caught a tartar ? and they both rido in the burn together as the best of cowfood iu the dry winter forage. Mr. tlwyn's enemies to the corn crop arc wet weather and dim Crow, lie doesn't try to control the clouds, but hn tights the black-winged thief with poison. And if liiu rniu fosters too much erahgrass for the grain crop totluive, the barn again levies tribute ou the spreading grass, and the f M iner makes blessings and iiciies out of the curse to the corn, the grass being converted into the very liucst of hay for his mules and horses, of which he keeps only four. A yoke of oxeu came in for the extra heavy work of the plantation. The enemy to tho |iili?at TV'S 1 * is remedied l?y knnit. I asked Mr. Owyn if he had, out of the abundance of his experience and obscrvnlion, any special suggestions to make for benefit of the farmer generally. Here are s<?mo things he said: "Tell the farmers everywhere to pay more attention to their farm ?to real ngliculturul interests?and take less notice of political frauds. Don't make the farm simply a staying place for the owner at night; but let it In convirtcd into home, comfort, happiness, prosperity. Kach farmer ought to try, by all fair means, to incieasc the fertility of at least one or more of his fields each aud every year, until all tho plucc is brought up to the highest possible state of productiveness. IJOU i scntirr 100 mum in unpromising places ? in illicr in energy, mutiny or fertilizers; concent rale is *i||C word ?until you can nlTord to scntier generously, Some people call it iutcnaivvnesa in farming. It is simply common sense. should dictate that the farm. The Armours, oiTTTrcttgo, gov a I. u 1*??. (??#?r.Q CtP^Tn V P\ beef?even to the blood and the hoofi. In increasing the fertility of soil, the future expense in cultivation is always lessened, while the product is enlarged. A plow runs better and easier in a soil originally deeply broken and made mellow by peas or other good vegetable manuring, than if poor and half broken at the start; and deep soils arc always the best protection from drouth or excessive rains. No man should think of making a success in farming until he hhs a good sod to work in; if the farm is natumlly thin, it can be brought up to a productive condition by proper cultivation, unless the substratum h a sandy spougo that absorbs the food element from everything put above it. Mr. (Iwyn is a zealous nllinncoman, although lie has recently felt railed upon to publicly oppose ?omc of the extreme measures of zealots in the alliance party, lb; says that the alliance was originally intended to benefit the agricultural interests of the country by making simply a brotherhood among farmers without any ultimate '. ytreference in professional polities, but that designing and uuwnr hy i men have prostituted tlie association h I different ends, lie says that as long a: the democratic parly continues to evinci its sympathy and gives its labors for tin farmer, lie expects to slick to "the nhl ship;" he don't like the idea of getting into little boats that have iirv? r been tried in bad weather, lie tak?s Mr, Lincoln's advice, not to swap horses in the middle of the stream. Mr. (iwyn and li s wife are members o the Methodist church. They have two IIVIII*^ CMIIHMU. jut i.i iiiMMH mt\ mj years ;m<l iii' li;i*i some experience :i it private soldier in the confederate tirmv especially in tlie litst battle of Manassas lie lias the knack of managing men, am especially of get I in;; good work out o "hands." He goes with them, and if h can t no anything in tlie labor he make the labor of others intcusiing to them selves; but lie wants his men to keep n the work while he tells the big stone) He works chiefly w ith the hireling lithe system, ignoring somewhat the teiiat system, lie loves to have his farming a done under his own eve, ami then I knows it is well done. He has the tvpi tation of paying liberally for the wor that he obtains from his hired men. Son people here criticise him as being h democratic and too liberal in route thing lie gets aU the white labor he wants i $10 per month, this including the hir ling's board. He now raise* ill! bis fan ily supplies, and lias an abundance i sell to the man who comes to buy. If there are blessings or honors for tho wlio make two Modes of grass "row win* 1 only one grew liefoie, this man. in li ! sucerss, certainly deserves the bighe meeds; and I have given his expeliein as an instance of ;i man who has made 1 snng fortinie in fanning without puttii * himself to the strain of producing h ' annual crops for the world's innrkcl * II.-has done it l?y being up early til 3 late, and making the improvements iiis lands the highest consideration ? t ' raising of grass, and grain, and inn 1 I ring the secondary condition a com ' lion which in the end brings its rewti i of success also. s Big Bank Shortage. Warrhnton. Va., [Special.]--A s'r ' incut of the afTairs of Hebcnbergcr Spcnter & Com pan r, tho New Mart Va., bankers, who had branches here a , in two other towns, places tho comhii shortage at about $100,000 The sin age of the Warrcnton bank is betwi $30,000 and $40,000. Growth of Southora Railway*. Tho New York Financial Chronicle ha* analyzed the fourth bulletin of the census office on railway statistic* in a way that reveals some noteworthy features. Tho bulletin relates to the operations of raiU ways in the four southern state* of Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and booth Carolina, the figures coveriug tho year 1880. Tho first matter to attract attention concerns tho decline in freight rates It actua'ly appears that the average per ton per milo was lower in tho four southern states than in the middle states, mid only slightly sbovo tho average of tho middle western states. In both tho latter two sections tho cond'tions aro such as toonforco low rates. The traffio in coal, ore, aud other bulky and lowclass freights, which will not bear high transportation i?h?r.??a ? ?.? - - , --- ? *" J '? those sections, and at tlic same time tho through freight between tho wjat and tho sen board, which likowito haa to be carried at low average rates, forme a quite coniidcrablo itcui in tho tratiic of tho lilies, Tho fact that tho average for the midllo states figures out somewhat higher than for tho middle western, both being object to much the samo conditions, is doubtless jwing to the existence of larger centers of population in the middlo stntis, thus giving the lines in those states proportionately greater amounts of general merchandise tratiic yielding better rates. That any group of southern states should ahow averages on tho same level with those of tho two sections mentioned which by reason of dvusity of tratiic aud ; lie preponderance of tho lower class of ficighl possess special advantages in that QfflHgBhifeten ng* mtico. Tho census investigation makes the average for the four southern states >nly a little over threo quarters of a cent per ton nor mile?iu oxaet figures 7fl0 thousandths of a cent?while for tho middle states tho average is given ns 008 thousandths, and for tho middle western 081 thousandths. In llio New Knglnnd states,where there i i an absence of the hulkv freights, tho average per ton per milo is ns mueh js 1,170 thousandths. The ehango since 1880 has been remarkable. At tlmt mh.u iiiu ?vn?K? iw mo iour southern states wns 1 45U cents, while that for tho middle states was 1.044 cents, and for tho middle western states 0.892 cent-< that is, the average then was 40 per cent, higher than for tho mlddlo stales and over GO per cent, higher than for tho middle western states?whereas now it is lower than the one and but little higher I loin tho other. The f hand, they transported nearly nine hik! % half million passengers The passenger movement one mile in the same interval rose from 104,000.000 to 399,000,000. In the one instance tho ratio of growth is 201 percent, and in tho other 220 per cent. This is decidedly heavier than the inercase in tho other two sections, lu the middle states the number of passetigcrs increased only 131 per cent., and the passengers one mile 99 per cent., while in the middlo western states tho percentages were no more tlmu 99 and 73 respectively. Tho rates ou tho passenger business, like those on freight, have during tho decade approached much closer to the averages for tho other sections than before. In 1H80, while tlie average for the middle, the middle western and the Now England St itcs were respectively 2.2J42, 2.107 ami 2.18K cents per mile, \..?j average for the four southern states was over three cents (3 024). For 1889, however, with the uverages for the middle states 1.995 cents, for the middlo western 2 090 cents nnd for the New ' England stutes 1.020 cei|t?, that of the > four southern states was not so very much < higher, being 2,207 cents.?Atlanta Cou' stitution. I A BRIDEGROOM KILLED. i By His Rival Whon He Wae Receivi ing Congratulations. j Nkw Om.EANB, (Special.]?A PicaMines Meridian, Miss., dispatch says: ' ' News of a most diabolical murder lua ? just reached the city. Willie Wiight ami Miss Phillips were married at the ' residence of tho bride's father, t*clvo j miles northwest of Meridian. After the t eereuionv tlie bridal party was in the par , lor making merry, when a young m:ui s named Johnson crept up to a window and i- tired the contents of a double-barrelled it shot gun loaded with buckshot into the ?, body of Wright. Wright fell forward ,r with a groan, dying instantly. In the it. confusion that ensued the assassin sought ii to i?..;!;c !:r. escape, but the constable ic captuied him. Johnson and Wright ! were rivals for the hand of Miss Phillips k and Johnson often threatened that if she if wedded Wright he would kill him, hut m> she paid no uttontion to the threats. at The Jeff Davie Bond Stolen: 111< iimon i), Va., [Special. ]-It las 1(f I Income known that the hoinl given to the 1 nited States Government by JefTcr1 s ii Davis to answer to the circuit court i | in Ibis city for treason, is missing from ' | tiie court records. This paper bears the i i signatures of Horace Greely, John Minor, (7, I5??lts Gorrelf, Smith, and other prominent persons. Tho present clerk of the circuit court, Mr. W. F Pleasants, who was chief ^ clerk of tho department of justice in |(j Washington at the time of his appointmentto his present i osition, found that jH, the document war missing soon aft r his t advent as clerk, nnd ever ?inrn he has Ij" made diligent eiTorts to tind it, but with j out success. lie has had many off- is for tho far simile of the paper, one of hem heiiiflr from a prominent magazine lie told a I'less reporter that lie iinti a suspicion of the thief, but declined to 't?' say anything about tho person, except " that he was dead. set, ^ nd " u'" Tlucc hundred Hritish steamers and )l1 sailing vessels are lost at 6ea every LC" veai. /j :-.A . $mm