Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TIB WEEKLY DI10I TIMES. pfi'olcd to ^oriciilturc, horticulture. Domestic tfcouomij, Uolit^Kkuiw^-.iolit^s, awWfc^ Current $tm of the flan. VOL. XU.?New Series. UNION C. H., SOUTH CAfft)J.INAf XPRIL 15, '1881. ' NUMBER II. THE WATER POWER. Our contemporary, the Union 'Times, again . proffers our canal poople its friendly alvice.? The Tim's says it is afraid the scheme lias heen j undertaken on too grand a scale : they lui'l bctter go back to the o)<l llollcy plan. Along with this our contemporary remarks that the people nre tired of putting their la <i?cy into great schemes which conic to grief every time, whilst they arc out of pocket. This seems to be ipiitc encouraging talk indeed from one claiming to be interested in tIto development vl the industries of the .State. Our contemporary also bulges a comparison between the practical advantages of the Charleston steam mill and the readiness with which it will go to work and the time which it must take to apply the power here to the mill. Well, We wish our Charleston friends the best success in the world, but we remember they built a factory in Charleston before and failed. The Atlanta steam mill has also gone the way of human llesh. Vet we do not sny our Charleston neighbors arc doing wrong. ibey know their men ftu.iine.is best. "You pay your money and you lake your choice*" Again, one swallow don't make a Summer, and there is such a vast difference in the manner in which mills arc constructed using the same power; such a difference in a substantial backing of an enterprise; such a difference in the time of construction, the original cost of mill, the general surroundings of the case and the men at the fore in the management, that what might be splendid success under one set of circumstances might be a dead failure under another set. It seems to us, looking at it from our best informed standpoint, that there is almost everything in the kind of man who has the management of things. A genius for the conduct of business goes a great way, experience goes a great way, yet in all callings the most inexperienced man sometimes, by the sheer force of his individual character and natural genius, overtops all others and absolutely blazes out a new way for those who come after him. Ilut this sort of man is not known until he comes, and the best that can be done in such enterprises is to take men of tried business capacity nnd experience. A first-class business man is very apt to be a success whenever lie consents to act. So far as our manufacturing enterprise is concerned, the men now in charge are first-class business men. Men like \V. A. Clarke, George <i.:..i,io iv it 11.... 'a \ \ i i S. Poles, .1 olt 11 P. Sccgcrs :in?l N. 15. ltaruwcll, arc known to be solid business inen by all who know them. P>csi<lcs this, they put their own money into the venture and are very apt to know what they are about. Now, as to the selection of ilie exact place of vuiimriiciiiig mi* uittti, t\uM we uu nut innurstiimi licit it is a foregone conclusion even yet, although the circular indicates (lie placing of the ilant at (be Penitentiary quarry. Vet when the subscriptions are made up we expect to sec a first class engineer called in consultation on ibis matter, if the minds of ihc stockliohlcrs ami directors arc not completely saiislieil as to the location of the iJani, ?kc It may be taken for granted that the <latn will go where i* is best, in view of (lie amount on hand, the rcquircm-nits of the charter ami win re, all tilings considered' it will pay best. Now, with reference to the tnagnitmlo of the scheme our contemporary is not properly infnine 1 when he says that this shuts >If practical results. The charter under which the pros' cut organ/.at ion exists requires the dcvelopmen', of the water power which lie cites as a u'closs expense. This, according to the present plan, along with a first class cloth mill of i i>(? > spindles, is estimated to cost some S'iOO,- j (Mil), w i111 12,11(10 horse power of water developed \ and ready to hitch to gear as it may be wanted. I The mill, then, will bt the cheapest to the spin- | die of any in the South and have 12,000 water i power besides, worth at the lowest figures ?10 per horse per milium, or ?120,000 per annum, which amount it requires ?d,O()0,00'tcapitalized at I per cent, lo yield. So, also, it is estimated that the water power can be developed and a ' 1 #?,<>(>,? spindle yarn mill constructed along wi ll : it for S |:; 1 Not only this, there arc many other valuable franchises accruing under the charter granted Thompson \ Nagle.nnd now owned by the present organization which are dependent upon the development of the water power to the extent now undertaken. And these franchises so derived : from the State arc intrinsically worth more than j the cost of the dam and canal all told. The j convict labor alone is estimated at !?8"?,O00, and I very surely the water rights, lands, kc., besides the l ights generally secured with reference to the development of dO.OOO horse power all told, is worth not less than 180,000 more. To leave mil all these valuable properties incidental to this water power now under contemplation, and which alone, with the 1 "?,000 horse power developed, will he worth live times t hat it will cost along with a cloth mill of 20,000 spindles and j go somewhere up the river lolix up a little trick ' for ? 1'?0,00O, with not a right or a franchise | attached, and which would have no possible meaning for the great Industrial development | sought in this venture, as well for the advance- ..>..,1 /?? II-.. il.ill.vlio.il A.i. > limine ..I' I I. Slilln III large .*)* the building i;p o| ?, Duo tit in the I heart of I lie iits.lt:, would he to ou i ?) li|<) tlio J veriest fool y wopls fh?t wag ever perpetrated I (M cnurs? if the money it not raided the gat. ^loni will have to !<e out acconliitg to ll;e,clofli. J'.ut if Columbia, as v;c novy confidently hope the u.fiy, foe;? the l.il! with SI 0,ft."), v.e ?;in- ; , ocrely tmet that the ie: t of !he Statu vili put i up S 1 it],000. Thiy v. o v/oitM infinitely pre'er i than to SCO tho whole $"'100,000 tahcu here. v.liy ' I'evaitse v:c want the v iolo State ' intcn-.led iii the enterprise towards a grant] fii- i ture development now awaiting the fuel venture ?>f ?i?oo,otio; i.utl there is nothing so positively 1 instructing as to the positive facto of e. fcusinogy us actual jwnot hip in it. We have only to see how Augiisia and t'oluiulitis arc steadily building on their t nterpri-rs, < i,< ?ro w hat O'Viiils I Ins i lie grandest one yf all Let it be remembered that whilst it cost Augusta not less than a million of dollars to get her 10,000 water power we will get I">,000 at the first dash for some ?"00.000. Or whilst it cost Augusta not less than ?100 to horse power it will cost the Coluinhia and Lexington Company some i per horse power, besides tlie vast and valuab c rights ami franchises incident thereto.? The "but nt child" argument of the Times we know is a very eflfeC|ivc one with most people in anything savoring of a public undertaking. To this argument in this case we would say your subscriptions arc iskcd not to a railroad or any scheme the cost of which may not bo brought down to almost absolute figures, but to an enterprise which is of a class that has been almost universally successful at the South and upon a scale so far as cost is concerned not only cheaper than such works hitherto have been constructed, but with a very moderate total expenditure in comparison with nuvny other enterprises of the kind. As to the general point made of the "burnt child:" What people on earth ever undertook anything from the time Noah's ark rested on Ararat without encountering loss at some period or occasion? It is not the loss encountered in effort which makes lis poor indeed, but inaction, suspended effort, rotting rn the ways, waiting for something to turn up. This crying after spilt milk never gathered a drop that was lost since the world began ; nor did it furnish more milk that we wot of. The only way is to go back to the teat and look for better luck next time.? Col. Register. o A Itoi.Axn ion an Oi.ivku.?Senator Logan has fallen into the habit of pushing himself into the proceedings just before the adjourning hour, and so nt about the usual time he came forward this afternoon, making Mr. Hill's speech the occasion of his doing so. lie said he rose merely to call attention to Sheridan's report in which 2,000 names were given of persons murdered in Louisiana after the war, but several Democrats disputing the authority upon which the report was based Logan launched into an offensive' tirade that soon led to a spirited give and take discussion. Mr. llutler, of South Carolina, had moved to a seat on the main aisle during this coloquy, and asked Logan if he had ever heard of such organization as the Ku-Klux or Vigilance Committee in Illinois. "Why, no," exclaimed Logan, contemptuously. "Then you are as ignorant of what is going on in your own State as you charge Southern Senators with being about the South. In fharlestown, 111., the newspapers report the exisluuce of a vigilance committee which have taken men and women out at Highland whipped them and ordered them to leave the country.? Does the Senator consider himself responsible far tl?til ? linn !? cently insulted two newspaper editors in an Ohio town, for which he was led out of the town with a rope around his neck? Is the Senator from Ohio responsible for that? The newspapers tell of recent murders in Maine?is the Senator responsible for them? Is the Senator from Illinois responsible for 121 men shot down in the streets of Chicago in 1S77, or for the Pittsburg riot uimI the sonscqucnccs V Vet lie tries to I10M Southern Senators responsible for outrages commiltc<i in the South under carpet-bag govcrnineiit, which lie himself helped to fasten on the S mlh." Logan, who lutd been writhing under this fu ulade, broke in with some mumbling extenuations. Mr. Puttier still kept his feet, not having finished speaking. Presently Logan turned sharply on him, and, claiming the Hour, directed him to sit down. I will lake my seal," Mr. ltuller replied, "if the Chair directs me to do so, but not at the dictation or request of the senator from fllinois unless asked to do so in a proper manner." "Well," Logan blurted out, thoroughly vexed, "you may stand up all night for all 1 care, but you may as well understand that none of that bravado will deter inc. "Will the senator permit me to reply?" Mr. Puller interrupted, mildly, "that bis bravado lias not the slightest influence on inc." The discussion then proceeded until Logan's extravagant statement put the Senate in a laughing humor, and lie himself was almost ready to agree with Mr. Puller that affidavits could he collected in tlie South by ilie cartload at SI .".0 each to prove anything.?Srn<itc I'roccedtnys, i\(h. m Sri>r.i:iNTKM>i:vr or I mmiciiation.?Columbia, April l'?. ?The Hoard of Agriculture met last iiijrht anil again today. Col. Kdward M. Iloykiu, of Kershaw, was unaniiuou.sly elect ail superintendent of immigration, nt a salary of ?1.H'dO a year, ami was instructcil to submit to the board, at a called meeting to he held soon, a scheme in detail for the immediate inducement of immigration into the State. M utoxt; is not receiving his reward in offices, but he is in oil cr respects. The other day he was burned in effigy in Athens by the students of the Slate University. It is also recorded that the Ileadjustcr Club of Alexandria, Va., "dixs adopted resolutions denouncing (Sen. Mali >ne as a traitor to the parly and decliritig its intention to oppose him in every way." I'ttniii i KMMi ('itIt.lHtKN.?A servant girl in this city managed to make Iter ctnjiliiyers Itolievo that Iter thefts were coinmitted by their daughter. The child was frightened and confessed every charge, until the parents believed her a continued Uej> , -hpj in i 1.11.i iiii<t hi miiilit'meet. Ii v,;. . doubtless, very stupid :i:m1 (,: il;? ir |, art ) Ijlit it rail.* attention to *j?;e of I, ' ^jcalett diftioiiUie* in the education of children. A parent oi'<cp Ht.spoets a child of an ofl'cn.so, ant] bciievrji i.lii: fiijilty of fahehend because !.< ijeijiej it, when In- i.; really iunutvn!. Nothing so injures ami even bn;t alines a child a? to hoi.) him guilty v. hen he i? not. IJ. re tho parent niu-.t u*i. infinite tenderness and i hasity ; ami above all must so cultivate the coniitleiico of the child that lie will not l?e a I raid to confess smy ollcnse. lie tiiu>' not be frightened by the parent into a lie. ? j\'ir )< ! /, huh f? mlrvt the 5 cotton gin. Irs History Narrated ijy Colonel \\' II. Starrs. Kvcuts transpiring in .1 country, wliic have operated a uiatcriul change in tlie in dustrics and the prosperity of its people constitutes, in a groat degree, its hi.Mory These events or discoveries usually trausmi the names of those inventing or discovorin them to posterity as benefactors of th 3 hu man family, and are held in just reverence The names of Watt, the inventor of th steam engine, of (Jodfrey, tho inventor o the quadrant. of Stevenson and Train, th discoverers of ?he railroad and the locouio live, and Arkwright, the inventor of th spinning j-Miny, and of Whitney, the in von tor of the 1 cottoo irin. with Mono, tho dit human family. All of these inventions arc cra.s in th progress of the world, from which will b dated the commencement of a new aip'mor rapid Stride to civilization, health and po.v er, and this advance will ever be credited t the wonderful genius of these men.? Whence and wherefore tho appearance am the inventions of those wonderful minds It has been aptly said the exigencies o man are ever answered by (he inspiratiw of God, ami that those are specialties in th progress of time, designed by supcrnutitra wisdom for that advancement in the knowl edge of man, necessary to his comprehen sion of that perfection in nature which enabled him to comprehend the wisdom, powei and mercy of the groat Creator, which ii all things is but a part of this divine essence However, bo this as it may, i< no part o my plan in writing these crude sketches o the early history of Georgia. In 17'Jt) ltobert l\;el, of Kngland, cam menced in a small way the manufacture o cotton goods. The supply of cotton \va very limited, and chiefly from the llritisl West Indies. The price of cotton was thci so high that now it would be considered ex orbitant. This arose from the costliness o separating the lint from the seed. The in troduction of the long staple cotton int Georgia and South Carolina preceded som years that of the green s^cd or short stapl cotton, and a means had been invented fo ginning or taking out the seed of the lonj stapled cotton, known as the roller gin ? This was a slow process and ineffectual fo the purpose of taking the lint from the sect of the short stapled or upland cotton, as i was then termed. The consequence wt there was very little cultivated for market Small patches were planted by the farmer I?just enough l'or Imnc consumption.~ When this was to be used the seeds war ! picked out with the fingers. There ar sonic old enough to remember how this wa effected in every family. I remember i well. In the long winter evenings th children, white and black, had weighed on ; to them one ounce of seed cotton, from whie the seeds were to he taken. These ounce i were spread out before the fire in the root of the house where were assembled th family, and in a very large portion of tli community this was the only ;oom in tli house. This was done to heat the cottoi i as the seeds, when the cotton was warm j more readily parted from the lint. As ; i stimulant to active and quick work, a reward of a biscuit or a lump of sugar wa promised, and the largest biscuit or lump o ! sugar was for him or her who firs', complc j ted the task, and the cotton thus preparei I with the fleece grown on the farm constitu | ted the fiber from which the entire raiuien of the 1 :iini 1 v was fabricated. J Tho commencement of the manufactur I of cotton in Knglaud. ainl its very rcniunc rativc price stimulated its growth in th I South, anil tlie separoting or cleaning tii I lint from the seed in a more rapid and el lectual manner than by the hand became j desiratum. In 17H3 a young man from New Knglan j came to Savannah to teach in a private fain ily. but having been d 1 iyeil in coming, be yoml the stipulated time for his arrival, hi 1 place had been filled by another. At tha time there was residing some twelve mile above Savannah a gentleman bv the nam 1 of Miller. lie was from New Kngland, am had married the widow of (Seneral Nathan iel (!reene, of revolutionary fame, and w.i in possession of the Mulberry (drove plan tation, which had been donated by the Stati oftieorgia to (ieucral (1 reene in reward lb i his revolutionary service. Mr Miller chanced to meet this youtl j in Savannah being a countryman and with I out employment, he invited liiin to the hos i pitalities of his home. It was whilst here and nightly witnessing the picking of tin seeds from the cotton by a numerous (loci of juvenile darkies seated around the lire ; and as they idled and nodded at their worl j was evidence ol fatigue and want of sl?ep ' his sympathies were awakened for the.* I children, and expressed himself as anxiou I that some other means for this purpose couh be invented, that should secure them Iron this untimely and fatiguing labor. In (hi: wish lie was joined by Mrs. Miller, wliow.a at the tiin preparing some small rods to In used in holding the wicks of tallow candles 1 bolter known sis tallow dips, in the |i?imitiv< days o1' the State. \\ iili tlie end of one o | these she boni into a soil of book (lie p oin ! oml arcl takiiu; up a iiainllui of seed oolioi I she puilo'l with it the lint from (lie seed This aciioii suotjested to the mind of W'hit iiey. who was (lie youth sojourning at tin ; house, the idea of tin: cotton "in. I will till tile story as \\ liitney hinisel ; told it to me and the late Hopkins llaN. y ! of this State, at his own house in New IIa 1 von, ('oiineelicu!, in lS'JO. ' lie said : ' I saw at once that a cyliinlel armed with teeth similar to those in cottoi 1 cards and mule to revolve, would elleetuallt <;<> t!:o work of separation between lint am j seed- I went to bed and tlnitiuht all ni^ln I Mieli a maehiii" was a ?1 -i11 latnai, and 1 felt I eonld inako it. and felt, too, it | sue ccettd uiy fortune was tuadc. Ivuly the ti next day L weut to work, and for many days >1 worked diligently. My patron was Mrs. o Miller, who with woman's hopefulness and | a h woman's faith, visited oie daily, cncourag- i I - ing mo and making suggestions. Finally I tt !, completed a model machine with six cy!;n- n :. der^ nil armed with small witc hooks.? tl t Tliofe were placed upon a wooden shaft side I g by jlde, and to one was attached a crank o - handle, by which motion could be given ; to u theso weTo attached toothed circular blocks. n c This was put into a rough fraame, its wood- Ij f en journals resting in two half circular holes u e or notches in the Irani*, dust as I had - progressed this far Mrs. Miller came in and k c examiucd it. She turned it some half a w i- dcztn times; then calling to her house maid d i- to bfcjjn'i her a handful of seed cotton, which tl by haud to ilm 1. ,.r i. c* miTfio, wliilst f turned flic'shaft, and 111 a ti few revolutions the teeth were lull ol lint ? ? i...a?.i ..... r./... .....l i .. V. V.WU"||. IcMlU IVFUIW'I IIIIV III > I'lVt, 1MIU e shall never forget that look. ()*! sl?o was ( e a glorious woman. She exclaimed : 'For ."V (V-ot this ami ami your fbr'uuc is made.'? u 0 She explained its defects, saying: 'You u - must devise some means by which the lint 1 il can he taken from the cards,' as she turned r< '! the cylinder holding the teeth. 'Now you Ij f have to take it off by hand, and something n a must be arranged to hold the cotton to the g e cards. Ail the while Mr. .Miller had laugh- r< 1 ed at the off n't 1 was making, ard e tiled the tl machine mine ami itis wife's folly. He was s iii hi, chamber when his wife ran and fetch- fi - ed I>iid to see the operation of the machine, a r lie looked on the motion of the cylinder, ii i laughing derisively at first, but as lie saw T . the teeth filling with lint lie. became thought- 1 f fill, and finally said : 'I believe that some- Ii f thing can come out of it to answer the pur- I pose.' After < x.imining it carefully, he said seriously : 'Now you nor Mrs Miller must o 1 speak of this, but try on, and if you can > s m ike it a success it will not only make yon .1 a both rich, but it will make the South the w i richest country in the world. If you speak t: - of it some ingenious mechanic will take the Ii I idea, and very soon will complete a machine u - aad will rob you of your invention.' From li 0 that time I proceeded cautiously and in se- t< c cret to complete a model to be patented.? n e From the working of the machine I had F r made, k saw a dillieulty to be remedied with a g the circular blocks holding the wires to- s - get her, and I placed in the new model snial- 1 r lor blocks. These served to separate the u 1 larger and give room for the cotton to roll, b t and 1 made the teeth holding cards much a s thinner, giving them something of the ap- w -. pearan.e of a circular saw. This completed, g s next was the means of sweeping from the o - J teeth the lint pulled by them from the seed, p e j Mr Miller was now deeply interested in my L e | success, as lie fancied he saw great wealth i S : to follow this, and proposed a partnership, c it | and agreed to furnish the means to secure a v e ! patent and introduce to the public the ma- I it | chine. Whilst thisdiscussion was in -jrogress t h : Mr. Miller came in and suggest al a reeding :s brush, and exhibited a model in miniature i n ; lie liatl made. At once I saw that this y o | could be worked by the same means that the e e cylinder carrying the teeth cutild. and went a 0 to work to make this brush. Finally (lie v 1 | entire machine was completed and patented, c i, a copartnership agreed upon between .Miller : I a : and myself. and Miller went actively to ' I - work to put it into i pcratiun. We disagreed J a s as to what should be the c ?urse to be pur- ' ( I j sued lor this pit: p mM. It was my prop..si- ' & i tion to sell the paten lor 6100,000 to the n 1 j Stales of South Carolina and (ioorgia, but ii | Miller insisted that this would be to sacri- a t lice a prince'y Ibrttinc, and proposed that 1 j we should erect in each County at the Court t e j I louse n gin, and cither buy the cotton in a - | the seed, ur gin it up m shares for the plant 1 Ii e crs. So sanguine was he of a fortune I mm j I 0 the invention that he was willing to furnish | s I- the means to carry out his plans. I was ' t a young and poor, and fifty thousand dollars i was such a fortune to me as I had never j n 1 contemplated owning. It was the full mea- i i- sure o! my ambition ? with it I was satis- ' 1- I I I .1 M .I i lieu, uiu i was wiinoui any moans. .Minor i s , had incurred .and paid all expenses up to h t that time, and I yielded niv opinion .and ! wishes to him. and he went to work to carry S e ' out his schemes. The practical uflieacy of n 1 | the machine had been tested in several ' d plaeos, to the entire satisfaction of the puh- j p s lie. and we were progressing rapidly to the \\ - realization <d Miller's idea ol ginning all n c ! the cotton grown or to be grown in the v r South. At that time it amoiint' d to only d a lew thousand bales. In the progress ol n i ! our work every one was freely admitted, and j n ' the inarhine ,as I'reely examined. Among p I tliosc who came for tins purpns; was a cab . j inet workman named Mill. lie was eriti- a e j eal in his examination. Ile had in his shop a i | a turning lathe, worked by driving and a j v , band wheel (piite like that with which our ' n v gin was operated. lie came two or three I h i, times to aseertain the working of this gin, | e c and w is partirul ir as to the amount of cot- t s to cl tailed or ginned in a day. j a 1 'At was not long before we learned he had ! s i constructed a gin. retaining the model of! \> > 'ins. but substituting saws cut from sheet v, s ; iron in the place of our wooden blocks and j u ! wire teeth. We deemed this an invasion of j o , | our patent, and warned him if he attempted i tl ; ; to put his gin iut > operation we should ' i> f i bring suit lor damages. This threat deter- j n t ' red him, for lie ! eini'd Iih ii'aehin" an in? ' i traction ol inir | 11 -nt, ami hu h n o lor a e - i ureal while lo duplicate it. to win I; or to sell ; c< - j it. Many who hail examined his machine hi ; pronounced it superior to ours. I ci i There was a farmer of means ami threat j u 1 inlluenc" residing in Warren (Jotmty, (ionr-j n , i oia. irimeil Arthur Fort, lie saw the ?in n eonx!rueteil hy Mr. Hall ami ordered one of i| ! similar construction to be made lor him.? J n r Hall declined the job, informing him of the | p i | notice lie had received and lie feared a law- e , suit for infraction of patent. Fort insisted, n I ' promising to incur the risk and pay all p t damages. I'pon the.?c conditions Hill p I ( agreed to make the ^iti, and did so ? ; ji Fort initio; liately put the jrjn in opera* o< ion. As soon as wo wore informed of ' his. Miller employed Pavid Hradic Mitch- J ( II. of Savannah, to bring suit against Hull , 1 ml Fort. The suit was brought in tlie : ' >istrict Court of the I'nifod States, ami af- I r considerable delay it was tried in Savan- ! ' ah before Judge William lohnson, one of lie .Judges of the Supreme Court of the; nitod States. Hall employed Peter Ivirly, I f Wilkes County, to defend the ease. It as ably argued on both sides, for these two ion were men of <xre.it abilities, and dee; i* read in the law. The decision was against s and we lost our patent. "It was a terrible blow upon me, but Mil r, I think, was more affected by it than 1 as. In a short time thereafter Hall ubanmcd the cabinet business and commenced lie making of gins. Cotton planting now ibacco and indigo declined quite as fast. "These two industries were materially fleeted by the cultivation of indigo in itia'oinala and tobacco in \ irginia and laryland, and were cursing to be profitable hen the gin was invented. 1 met with inch sympathy from the people, who felt was entitled to the invention, and should cap tlu reward of the originator of a great ; usetin machine. .sympathy was my only 1 ward from Coorgia, but South Carolina -*1 onerously donated lint 850,000, and this is s eaily the only benefit L ever derived from lie invention." I At the time I received ibis narrative roui Mr. Whitney lie bad in Now Haven 1 "iin shop, and be was experimenting upon 1 nprovetneuts be bad made in lire-arms.? c bis never came to anything. This was in " S-iO, but be realized considerable money s >ni a contract for furnishing anus to the * "nitcd Stiles. ' Kli Whitney was born in Massachusetts n the Sth of December, 1701, and died in s lew Haven, Connecticut, on the Sth of ' inuary. 1825. lie was liberally educated, liich was due alone to himself, for be ( iught school to obtain the means to carry ' im through college, and be did not grnd> ' ate until lie was considerably advanced in ' il'o. Immediately after graduating became ' a (loorgia. Ho was then in the twenty- ' iiitb year of Ids age, having arrived in 1 savannah in 17715. This was very soon ( Iter the introduction ol the green seed or ' liort stapled cotton into the Tinted States. 1 bevious to that time that cultivated for ' larkct was the sea island or long stapled, ' lack seed cotton. This latter had been. :i s it is now, ginned by the roller gin, which amid not gin the green seed. This variety 1 row luxuriantly away from the influence ' I* the sei hreez -, which was essential to the * reduction of the long st-ip'icd. It was, too, ' iuttur uJuptud to ilouiutilio puryMHca, bo.cuusu 1 t was spun with more facility, mid made a oarser web, and a more enduring one, and vas suited for clothing, to the wants of the aboring classes, and the common uses of he people generally. The first mention of cotton to be found s in the writings of Herodotus, about lot) ears before the birth of Christ. Cotton -loth was introduced from India into Koine ' ml (ireecc before the Christian era. It ras applied by Veres, in .Sicily, for the vcring of boats, and as tents, and for the uter purpose was used by Julius (,';usar.? t. is supposed to have originated in Arabia, ml thence found its way to India and 'biria This is supposition. It seems in onie variety or other to have hi ou indigo- .' ?us to all tropical countries. It is certain ' was found in the West India Islands, no, in some varieties, in soutu America, t i* a common ?r to suppose all created hings to have had their commencement in pair or a single creation, and when we ' lave anv o ic tiling in the animal or vegetade kingdom to a point where it is not first J ecn or known, we at once ascribe its or heir origin to that point or country, forgetrig that the power to create could produce 1 nany as well as one and locate these at ' ileasure over the globe. The green seed cotton was found grow- j ng in the i>lands surrounding the Caribbean sea and on the Bahamas. From these dands it was introduced into the I'nited ' States, and in the progress of its cultivation i.any varieties have been introduced from ifiercnt parts of the world. The long sta- ' le cime Iroin the neigbborhood of l>acus; *' hence first came to this country the fa * ions India muslins, and it was first cultiated here with the view of imitating these ' i r elicatc fabrics in the production of our ^ wn manufactories. This, however, has ever been accomplished or in any Kuroean country, In this progress of the human family, nd especially in America, the necessity of 4 ..A*. I -...I . . !* ..4 - I' - /I - 1 t f irxuic saosiuuie i<>r ii'ix aim wnui iroui diicli cloth fur all ils purposes could l>i> itidc and which cheeper mid as enduring ceotne a desideratum. The irreen seed uituii promised this, the only difficulty was lie s p iratiuu the lint from the seed rapidly nd without injury to the liher. This tiecosity stimulated the uenius of Whitney, 'hid) shaped in his mind the cotton ^in, i hm*11 ^rew into practical form under the laiiipulatiuii of his cunniu" hands. At r ahout the same time the inspiration of lie jtenius of an humldc liar her was fash>nin.r another niaehiue for the rapid spininjj of cotton. IJuhert I'eel, the orandlather of the pros* | lit Sir ll ih. i t I'eel, was one of the first to mnmciice the spinuiiio of cotton in Knjji md. The process then in use was simple, rude and insufficient. 'J'liere was wjntino rent improvements in the machinery, and lany were striving to effect these. Arkiio|?t. a Uristol harher. wlo was very literate, supposed ho could invent and l ike a machine which would remedy the rincipal difficulty, thought much and work) -1:1: . . I.. u. i i 1 ? i -i - i i 'iniimmiii}-. iiumiiucu was no ijkh no ^ ejileotod his vocation. and incurred tlie re- j roof of his wife as well as that of his j itrons. Still lie worked in secret in the f tile hack room of his shop. Mis wife vnphiined that there w.i<? no food for the amity in the house and no money to pu-rhasc any, and utihsg he gnvo more nttcnion to Ilia business the family would starve, lie heeded not her anger or remonstrance, nit, keeping his own secret and most conidem of ultimate success, continued to vork on. When the machine was well nigfi ompleted, requiring some trifling essential o its final finish which he had uot, he went mt to procure it. This was the angry wife's opportunity, he went into h's room and finding there he machine, in wrath alio seized it and irushing it to atoms sho threw tho frngnents into the street. Returning he espied ho ruins, and gathering them up. he accused lis wife of tho act and upbraided her for t. lu very spite she admitted the truth of he charge and justiGco the act. This was iy HI..all I I'jl lie multiplied no words with her, but took lor by the arm and leading her to the door brew her into the street. forbidding her vcr attain entering the house. This done, le closed the door upon her; nor did she ;ver again return to the house or him. Straight way he went again to work, and in i short time had completed the model of he spinning jenney. This he carried to ['eel, who examined it minutely, and saw md acknowledged its utility, and that it applied the great want. 1'eel was a wise and prudent man. lie imposed to Ark might that he should patiii the iuvemiou. This was agreed to, nnd t was by I'eel patented in his and Arknight's name. This done, he proposed a copartnership 11 Arkuiight in the business if cotton spinning, and that this jenney hould be the capital of Arkmight. This cas accepted, and the machine put at once nto practical use. About this time there was a shipment of diort stapled cotton to Knghuul from the I'nitod States of twenty-five hales. The cotton gin had proved a great success in America, and the spinning jenny in Knglaud. Then commenced the cultivation if the staple as a marketable crop, and very <0011 its growth exceeded the demand, and he price went down, and the cloth from its ahrication cheapened, and the imports of lie costly cotton goods of China began to loclino, and not many years after ceased ntircly, and now only the old folks of tho 01111 try know anything of the Nankin cotoiis?and many others of the cotton cloth* nice in universal use 111 America and especiilly in the South of the I'nitcd States. In 1815 the cotton raised in the Southern States was 77,000 bales; in 1828, 400,100; in 1830, -170,000; in 1870, over >,000,000. The wealth accruing to V?ngand from cotton manufacturing is incalculable. Tho wealth from its production in the South has gone into the hands of tlie .....1 .1... .. -t. l- -l jiinnvL^i iiiiu nun iiiv; u.it/oij planters arc the poorest portion of tlie American people. The yankee in.cntod the machine for preparing it for use ; lie imported the negro for its cultivation, and he is to day the only recipientof the profit arising from its growth, ind the values of the negro, who has pro1 ueed it. I le has emancipated tho negro, md holds the bonds of tho government for iiitidred.s of millions for the money expeud d in this most philanthropic act, and the ;otton produced by the emancipated slaves s taxed to pay these bonds and their nooning interest. When will they relax their lold upon the negro? Kxpcriencj would ustify the assertion never, so long us he can >c made profitable, either with his votes or lis labors.?\Y. II. Sr.utKSj ill Atlanta L'uimtitutivmiflsf. ' liltKTIIItKN, 1 AM DVISII."?lloV. A. McQueen, who was stricken with disease while preaching at licthcl Cboreh in the ipper end of this county, is still unablo to ill bis appointments. The attack which was similar to a mild form of apoplexy, lame upon him very suddenly. He had gone through the opening sxercises, road a .diopter, two hymns had been sung, two prayers offered, his text announced and ho and been preaching a little while when he mildcnly stopped, and exclaiming, ''Hreth on, I am dying !" fell to the floor. The iccnc in the church can be better imagined ban described Willi perhaps a single xocpfioii, his whole family were pr "rent, md these with bis ninny warm friends, prosed wildy forward. One or two physicians vcre present, and they restored order as 0011 as possible, and as early as expedient amoved him to his house, a short distance 'rom tho church. .lust two woeks from hat day he suffered a less violent attack, inco which time there has been no return if it.? Ijumhrrton fiobcsoniail. Poisoned iiv a Punch.?Mr. Samuel Clarke, c?f Vasselboro,' has been in the liubt of carrying a copying pencil in bis coat pock t. One day last week Mr. ('larko jame to Augusta, and while irr the city lie lurch used some troches for ;( Cold, which ie put loose in the pocket, where tliey wero Millnii11v r?nriiimr in /uinlnof ult1! 1* tKo l?o/l IVIiilo returning t?> Vasselboro' oil (lie cars ic It'll a tickling in his throat, and to allay he irritation partook of several trotches.? lis tongue at once began to swell and turn (lack, ami by the time he reached home bo vas deathly sick. A physician was sutniioncd, whoproinptly administered antidotes br the poison. It is said that a piece of ho lead of oi?m of these pencils, half tli; ize of a pea. will cause the death of a runist man.?Krnrhrr ( Mr.) Journal. A I'i.ain (,'akf,.?Take six ouiic<?s f ground rice, the sumo of flour, the yolks nd whites of nine eggs bent separately, i ~p i....r -? *i * ? in' ]><iuii<t >! iHiu augar wuii pounuou.? A'hisk the sugar and eggs f??r nearly an lour, then add the rice and flour, Nutter roll sonic white paper and put round it and ivcr the bottom of the tin it is to be baked n, and bake in a slow oven. Run a knife nto it; if it comes out clean it is baked nough. - Why don't you Subscribe tor the Timet ?