Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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.? If jm Jt~ .... *" R 2?^ " jt -' Me "' J V*v" L .: ^ Dcvofqd to ^juiiinUur^ Iortu^t|^|^j^; (fypomfc. |ol . ^' HH DEFERRED NEWS ITEMS. HHk: BF. A Junttss.?Rom?\ March 17.? The Pope's HRHb > encyclical letter has baen issued proclaiming a jubilee froin March 10 lo November 1st, for KuB*V r?P*t end to the end of the year for the rest of avRy>' wor^* K|jj>' > IMMENSE IMMIGRATION TO AMERICA. London, March 23.?A dispatch from Derlin says: The jfjkL' eleven hundred persons reported in the 7Y*e?' nF Berlin dispatoh as having left for Bremen and Ilamburg on their way to America left that oity on Monday from two railway stations only.? The immigration is so large that the steamship oompanies are obliged to oharter extra steamersw-v Sudden Dbatii or an Euitoh.?Baltimore, March 23.?John T. Crow, managing editor of |k?v " thd>Sf(<?>- jJifyl very suddenly this evening of apoplexy, in the sixtieth year of his age. A little after 6 o'clock, as he was about leaving the office for dinner, he was stricken with apoplexy and expired at half-past 9. He had been con- ' nccted wieh the Su-i since 1848. 1 Him Sfabnick.?We learn from a private ouree that the notorious Henry Sparniok, who used the position of Judge of Probate under the Radical rule to plunder the widows and orphans of Aiken County, is now engaged in business in Chicago. Sparniok was a man of brains and education, but was actually one of the vilest of the infamous gang who held high carnival in oriaae during the Radical regime. A sealed sentence awaits him in the Clerk of the Court's office for misappropriation of the funds of the Probate office, which will be opened whenever lie makes it convenient to visit South Carolina, jt ?Journal and Review. ? Fatal Accident from Cakklkssnrss.?The Asheville Citizen gives the following sad result from careless handling of a guu : "A sad and tfhtel accident occurred on Big Ivy one day last sreelt. A eon of Mr. Newton Carson, aged about eveataeu years, took down bis rifle for the purpose oP shooting a hawk. Being in doubt as < whether the gun was loaded, he pulled back the hammer with his foot, and was in the act of blowing in the mussle, when his foot slipped sad the ride was discharged, the bullet knocking out his front teeth and lodging in his head. He lived until 10 o'clock the next day, when he paid the penalty of his thoughtlessness. .??. A Model Vovmo Mam.?The CazetU has in Its employ a model ef a christian young man in the person of Mr. Charlie W. Birohmore.? Charlie oommeaced work as "devil" in the OamtUe office oa May 2d, 1876, where he hes work- a ed daily (almost without the loss of a day} un- a tit the present time. As a rule printers' J "devils" are "wild chape," but Cb&rlie is a rare a exception to the rule. Without the advantsgo 1 *+2*r*t 'at w?e-a <? ?? -eehnel ciUiootiop. he. ha? ? climbed up the ladder of area I el and moral cul- c lure to a peiat which would do credit to the boy t surrounded with all the advantages of seholae. v tic training. Charlie Bircbmore is an honor to t< the profession, aad it affords us genuine pleasure p in thus alluding to him.?Kerthnw QazatU. fa tl A Victim or Ill-Luck.?II. W. Qrady writes . from New York to the Atlanta CnnttUution :? - "At Delmoaico's, the other day, I saw a young- N ish-loolcing in in, careless in his dress, and with t< an air of discouragement aad recklessness, come t| in and take a seat alone at a table. It was Birnie, the ill-fated partner of Qeorge Vf. Williams, whose failure a year or so ago, was discussed all d over the country. There is said to be little u cause for the partial seediacss of his appearance 5 as he is reputed to hare enough money to live , comfortably on. lie was worth about $300,000, c I believe, when he failed. Had he beea able to have oovered his contracts for three or four days ci longer than he did, he would have cleared near- j, ly a million of dollars, as the tide against , which he had staked everything, turned just after he weat under. I find that he has many ^ friends hero, who extenuate the circumstances ll under which he failed. I do not thiuk he is do- - ing much at present, but he is & bold and daring operator and may come to the front if, as his appoarance seemed lo indicate, he has not 01 attempted to lose his troubles in drink." u m Bad ro* tub World's Faib.?New York, ^ March 2?f.?At a meeting of the executive com- (< ^mittee of the World'* Fair this afternoon the t| following letter was read by the secretary: ^ "New Yobk Citt, March 22.?Gentlemen:? tj I have the honor to very respectfully teuder my ^ resignation as president of the World's Fair ^ Commission of 1888. I am satisfied that to |( make the enterprise a success will require the o) undivided time of whoever may hold the posi- ^ tion of president. It will be impossible for me to devote any time to the duties of the office for ^ a number of months to come, and I expect lo be so engaged as to make it inconvenient to de-vote muelt time even at a later data. Iloping that'your enterprise may meet with the greatest P Success, Very truly yours, * V 8.0.AST." J .?. fl Thi Rioht Wat to Tell It.?A Columbia fr correspondent of the Aiken Journal and Review, ei gives the following acoount of how a Michigan- 8j der was "taken down" by a clerk in the State n< Agricultural department: If ftnmnrim* iISm a MatUmtn MiAiihui ? m called at the Agricultural Department room*.? W The Cotnmiuioaer being otherwUe engaged, ? hie elerk took the gentleman in hand and t, was showing him the different product* of Vl South Carolina on exhibition. The Miohigander D knew as little about South Carolina as an Aiken g African knows of the home of bis ancestors.-? a The clerk showed him a specimen of chalk or a kaolin. He examined it closely and said, "I p bare often beard our stump speakers tell shunt j, the dirt-sating South Carolinians; now I went t to know if this is what they sat t" The elerk A assured him that H was, and supplemented his ? statement by saying that all classes indulged in j that article of food at peasant,awd some actually ^ ?* I, sill, nllih. oHaSU IS iwkriaTutt" k> asked. The clerk told bin thai h *u mined ? Jaere end skipped to our Yankee friends for the ? HSieqqible purpose of making crockery and such h {Mwt Uw* Mends, knowing the history of t] ^ip44f4-eaHrs, ntaniifssturcd it Into flour, sugar, j, ** nnd returned it to u? in "package* t to isk purchase re." It (a needles#' to say that he left the gj ir thoroughly eoneinoed that the hliohtgaa ff^s oould loll tontt truth* ?fr>ut fhe Soui^ ( POOR PAT, POOR TEAOH. Mb. Editob :?The Columbia Register, under ] the above heading, has the following : I "Pay for good teachers and you'll get them. , Starve out your teachers with thiee months' ( salary to support them for twelve months in the year, and what right has a reasonable beiag to expect first class services?" I This it all very true, and it is sound doctrine | to prcaob, but the Slate is, year by year, drift- i ing farther and farther from it. The services I of competent teachers cannot be secured with- i out sufficient pay foi their services. Neither i can one nffr.nl in 1" * km year and "wait for something to turn up" during the remaining nine months. Under these circumstances no reasonable being can expect first class service. In fact, / do not see how this rea. ionabls being can expect services of any kind. Still this is the oase, and yon hear grumbling on every side at the condition of our educational interests. Where lies the blame ? In the teach era f No. The government of the State? Yes. And through this government the people ? Yes. The government pretends to take the education >f the children to itself, but I am sorry to say it, but still it is true, the laws of our State on i Ihie subject are n farce. These laws covet much i [round, but no provision of them is properly I enforced, save the election and maintenance of I he State Superintendent of education and the ] bounty School Commissioners, and perhaps a few i >ther minor provisions. Money is required to ] run the schools of the State, and laws on the < mbject, not backed with money, are perfcotly ' tseless. The people pretend to look to the State ] inder these laws to educate their children, and t hey step behind tlietn and think- themselves utfe. This is why the teachers are not paid a ivlng salary, and why our schools throughout he State do not run on an average exceeding hree months out of the year. The State can't Mty and the people won't pa/, still these reaeou* ible persons appeal to expect firsf class services. )ur public school system, as it now stands, is loing uutold injury to the educational iuterests >f the State. The Superintendent of Education nay make long reports to the Legislature; the tewspaper men may write knowing and eloquent articles on education, but these do not edlcate the children of the State. The report of he Superintendent may show that so many housand white and colored children have ataL. ?1 1 - * ? ?... 1 ouucu mo Bcuuois uurmg (uo year, out ibis loes not add one dollar to the amount appropriated by the State for educational purposes, but 1 he more in attendance the shorter term the j chools run. This is not helping the cause at all, ] tnd the teacher is just as near starvation as ever. | Is soon as the'publio funds are exhausted our ] chools vanish like fogs before the morning sun. i rbe patrons, though the samo thing happens ? very year, are exceedingly surprised that the nooey has given out, but most grmMt7 **fuM : o supplement the public funds with their priate funds, and their children are turned loose 1 9 run at large for at least nine months, and the 1 oor teacher must make the best possible shift 1 e can for a living. The State suffers by this, 1 tie teacher suffers and the children suffer, 1 ut those that suffer the most are the children. J 10 State can secure the services of first class Backers under these circumstances, and, siuce J his is the case, it becomes encumbent upon the tate to take the education of her children user its charge and see that they are properly edcated. A State has the right to do this, not ^ ecause a rich man owes an educntiou to the bildren of his less fortunate neighbor; not | ml the State owes an education to any of her j itizens, but that her own interests demand it. j f a State can dig canals, arm and equip sol- , iers and ships of war to protect herself from ireign or domestic enemies, she certainly has le power to protect herself against the greatest < f all enemies?ignorance. < The stumbling block in the way of our edu- 1 itional interests is our free school system, so 1 tiled. It has been tried for a number of years, nd has proved a failure?a complete failure? i it fails to meet the ends for which ifc was inmded. If the people of the Stato would take le public money in the light of an aid coming om tho Slate as a stimulus to the educating of le children of tho State, and supplement this id with their private funds, then much good ould be accomplished. No "reasonable perm" can fail to see that these reaeonable people P our State wholly fail to look si the matter in ?is light. Ouly two remedies present themdves to mc at present. One is, to abolish our -ee school system and let the people take the aiicr entirely into tlirif own heeds. The j ilier is, for the State to raise enough money to ^ ay for good teaohers for nine months in the , ear; and pay them well, too. The no pay t rstem is yearly driving men that are competent | om the school room, and this will continue to y a the ease until aomothing is done to better our j lucational system. Our present free school 1 rstem is a delusive phantom, and we must use t >me means to improve it, or abolish it, before t (noranee shall have bound the State hand and < rot. I Withont good pay the State or the people, ' hichever you obooee, will always have poor ( each. An ed a sated man cannot afford to de- ' ote bit tiaro and talents to a calling that does ' ot suffleiently remunerate him for bis labor. 1 ovth Carolina to-day needs a corps of well paid d Well trained teaohers in her schools, and voney alone will secure them ; and if the peole will not then the State must pay them. 1 j ope that our free school system will be mode , n issue in our next campaign. | When I state that the people refuse to supple- ( tent the publlo funds with their private ftinds, j know whereof I speak, and will make no ( arther oomments on it at present. I believe ] hat a system of free schools, when properly ( rorked, is good thing, and a good.system I rouia idhi my n*ny approval; but having I en for nut years past closely connected with ' he working* of our present system, and believ- ! ng it to ber? complete failure, I cannot approve i h Wm. P. Ca<,hou*. 1 fair Pfajr, Oconee Co., March IT. * ?' i The loss by the recent freshet at Rome, 1 is estSmnked at iSOOjOOO-. Oarfikld and tii* Neoro.?-Washington, March 18.?There is to be a compromise between the administration and the negro. The lemand for equal recognition with that accordMi to white Republicans will not be granted, but in every Southern State a few leading negroes will be appointed to office. This will appear to the mass of colored voters as a beginning of the reform they ask. It will appease the leaders and induce them to pacify all dissatisfaction ns far as they can. It is the best that could be done for the negro, and he seems satisfied with it. Bruce, of Mississippi, will have some good department position here or his pick of the places in his own State. Pinchbeck, of Louisiana, will bo cared for. Elliott, of South Carolina, is named fora prominent position. Rainey, of the same State, has already been, put to rest in the revenue service. Two or three leading North Carolina negroes are on the programme. Witherspoon, in Florida, and the colored exoongressman in Alabama, will not beg in vain. In Oeorgin, Pledger, the smart young negro who presides over the State Republican coin mittee, will havea desirnblcnppointmcnt. Madison Davis, of Athens, one of the mist influential spirits among tho Georgia negroes, is also a favorite. Both the DeVaux boys are already provided for and will be retained where they vre or promoted. One of them holds a good place in the Savannah customhouse, but has bis jyes fixed on the postoffice of that city. Old runis Campbell, who sat side by side with A'.peoria Bradley in the Georgia Senate, is snugly ixed in a depart ment clerkship. How to* Pbkvext Lamp Cuimxkys Crackino. ?A Lcipsic Journal, which makes a specially >f matters relating to glass, gives a method kvhich it asserts will prevent chimneys from :racking. The treatment will not only render amp chimneys, tumblers, and like articles more durable, but may be applied with advaalage to crockery, stone-ware, porcelain, etc.? The chimneys, tumblers, etc., are put into a pot Bled with cold water, to which some common table Ball has been added. The water is well Poiled over a fire, and allowed to cool slowly. When the articles are taken out and washed they will bo found to resist afterward any sudien changes of temperaturo. The process is limply one of annealing, and tho slower the moling part of it is conducted the more effective will be the work. ? General Lf.e's Sword.?Richmond Va., March 21.?The jDisjiatch yesterday published tho following correspondence in referenco to a coutrovorsy as to tho authenticity of tho statement in "Holmes's School History" that "General Grant declined to receive General Lee's sword" at the surrender at Appomattox : "Buffalo Lituia Springs, Va., March 11, 1&81.?General U. S. Grant. Nf.W York.?Sir : In a friendly discussion between several gentlemen of Northern and Southern proclivities as to tbe truth of history a question arose whether General Loc it the surrender actually tendered and you received his sword. It was mutually agreed that you should be written to for a decision. There is no idle curiositv or desire for noto -iety iu regard to this request, nud a reply from you would bo highly appreciated. Very respectfully, J. J). jeffress." Gen. Grant replied as follows, on the but:oui oi the same sheet of paper : "General Badcau's book, now in the lauds of the printer, will givo the exact ;ruth of tho matter referred to in this letter. There was no demand made for Genjral Lee's sword, and no tender of itoffcrcd. U_S. Grant." Iu referenco to tho above, tho followiug conversation between Gens. Lee, Early and athers, reported in llev. J. William Jones's book, entitled "Rominiscenccs of Lee,"may be of special interest, nod agrees with Gen. Badcau's forthcoming account aud thus settles tho disputed point: "Gen. Lee said that when be met Gen. Grant they exchanged polite salutations and ho stated to him at >nce that he desired a conference in reference to the subject-matter ot lheir correspondence. Gen. Grant returned your sword, did he lot, Genera) ?' one of the company asked. The old hero, strniahtniiincr kimtnlf ??r? p?. "7" *; 1 n*". p ? -r> plied in most emphatic tones : 'No sir, he lid not. He had no opportunity of doing >o. I was determined ?hat the sido-arms of officers should bo exempt by the tortus or turrendcr, and of course I did not offer nine. All that was said about swords was .hat Gen. Grant apologized to me for not wearing his own sword, saying that it had rone off in his baggago and he had been unible to get it in time.' Gen. Lee stated ia his conversation that he was accompanied when he metGen. Grant only by Col. Charles Marshall, of his personal staff, who went with ono of Oen Grant's staff to find a suit ible room in which to hold the conforence ; hat they were first shown to a vacant house, ind declining to uso that, were conducted >v Maj. MoClean to his house and shown uto his parlor. Geo. l#ee then briefly stated the terms upon which he would be wiling to surrender. Gen. Grant expressed iitn?elf as satisfied with theui, and Gen. Lee equested that he would formally reduce he propositions to writing, which was loae." wnat Cotton Factories would Save :n the 8outh.~"A factory man haswritten i letter to the Newnan (Ga.) Herald, giving iti estimate of the amount which would be it.. a?...u u - niuu hi iud uuuiii uj umaumoiurmg coiion it home from the ueed. He puta down tho total saving at $33,000,000 annually, as follows : Saving io bagging and ties, 9,000,900; in ginning $6,000,000; beating and losing cottow for tho cards, $3,000,000 ; in freight, $12,000,000. He says farther : "The furnishing of $33,000,000 annually for ten years would build factories enough in the South to manufacture our entire cotton crop; besides, it would double the valos of the row material, adding to our wealth annually $300,000,000, and increasing tho value of lands sod other property as much more."' hautkal nnrc?uSJ5w.' A Few Points for tiie Nf.wSecretary the Navy. The following nautical instructions were found among the document^ of *o old dud from Indiana, now in the ehiploy of monsieur de licsseps. They iiate bocu forwarded to Secretary of the Ntvy.IIunt: '-The custom of sailiog before the wind should bo avoided whenover it is possible, as experi cuce has demonstrated that it is much butter to wait for tho breeze aud cajrry it along, if not too heavy. Commanders of Railing |hips-of-war, I have observed, arc addicted to the practice of staggering under nil thej can carry.'? This matter will receive early attention, as the necessity fur reform ir/ this direction would seem Viityerntivo! ^ "When dirty weather is threatened, or wheu there is reason to suspect breakers aheud, tho captain should heave to, or three, but uevcr more thau four ' In taking on board ammunition, and powder, and shot, and shells, and caps, &o, tho fore, main aud mizzen trucks should bo utilized, in connection with tho animals belonging to tho horse murines. "It is deemed best to abolish dog watches. Thi* practice is believed to encourage idleness among the sailors, aud necessitates the keeping on board a number of useless beasts whose presence must be unything but desirublo. "While beating to windward, care should be takeu to have a sufficient quantity of starboard tacks on board, in case of running into the wind's eye, which cannot at all times be avoided. "lu the intcrcsts,pf economy the allowance Tor captains'gigfshould be Withdrawn. It is plain thut they are of uo real utility on shipboard, and that they are at all times in the way. Whon ou shore tho captains can avail themsolves n( tlm ?r -. ""j w? u. the facilities afforded by tho livery stablos or the llcrdics. "All anchors should bo accurately weighed before being taken ou board, and the woight plainly marked on each, thereby saving lime nnd avoiding trouble when u ship is about to tuk j her departure. "All 'splicing' should be done by the chaplain, as ho is the person upon whom the performance of that ceremony most properly devolves. "When sailing in tropical se-.s the breeches of tho guns should be removed and carefully stowed away, to bo replaced wheu ngaiu cutcriug oalder (attitudes and longi* tudes. "Should a seaman iuudvcrtcntly Iqsc his watch below a'nd fail to'tind it on his return the captaiu will provide hiui with auothcr from one of the ship's stores. "The practice of carrying logs, merely for tho purposo of 'heaving' them, is of quoatiouable propriety, aud will form a subject for future inquiry." Small Pox in Broadway. ? New York, March 21.?An excited citizen rushed into Superintendent Waiting's office at police headquarters to-day and breathlessly exclaimed that a naked man who had the sinall-pox was rushing about the streets on the West Side, creating a veritable panic. Then came a dispatch announcing the captuie of lbs man ; that his name was Walter Mahand; that he was delirious and would probably die at the Riverside hospital, where he was takeu. Mahaud's run through the streets occasioned tho utmost excitement. It happcued about 8 o'clock. The patient, who is a young, strong^limbed negro, was in bed at his home, at No. 113 west Twenty-sovon h street, aud being asleep had been left alone by his friends who were nursing him. In their absence ho awoke delirious, toro his shirt from his body and aiado his way into the street.? Just as he sprang out upon the sidewalk he was sceu by a woman in tho house, who at onco set up the shout: "Small-pox ; look out for him." A score of persons who had run' up to look at tho strange sight gave way hastily and tho negro, with a yell, started towards Sixth avenue. He ran with the speed of a deer, and narrowly missing in his headlong courso collision with a cab nod a street car he turned into tho avenue and sped Eastward through Twenty-seventh street, followed by an incroasiug crowd of excited men and women, who took up the yell MSmall-pox 1" "Small-pox 1" and goaded tho insane man on to further exertions. Switching into Broadway tho ucgro set his face up town aud ran towards Twenty-eighth street, the throng everywhere making room for him and as rapidly dosing iu behind, swelling the number of his pursuers. Along his course windows were opened, carts stopped and all business suspended, while everybody joined in the yell that proceded the fugitive aud opened the way for him. It was heard by two policemen on Broadway, who, seeing him comiocr. hastily scem-Ad ? sheet from a store, and, as he approached, ruahed upon the naked man and throwing it over him secured hitu firmly. Despito his struggles he was then carried to the Thirtieth street station house and kept thero till the health officer arrived. The erowd was with difficulty dispersed, and for the rest of the day a strong boom in vaccination put the doctors in the neighborhood in good humor. Tho demand for virus at the offioe of the Health Board was unusually strong in oopscquence all day. * ?? ? How to Makk a Musta?i> Plastkk. ?When you make a mustard plaster use no water whatever, but mix the muatard with the whit j of an egg, aod the result will bo, it wilt "draw" perfectly, but will wot produce a blister even upon the skin of aw infant, do matter bow long it is allowed to remain upon the part. For this we have the word of an old and eminent phyaioian, as well as our own experiooco. ii 11 vwmrnmrnmmW9J& Si'kkadino Manuuk.?Aceordingio tWT. Western Farmert' Almanac, the old fashioned method of ploughing tinker manure has now became obsolete, (iood farmers ' now do looger follow old fashions because ' they are old, but, having become used to ' think for themselves and knowing much 1 more of the science of their nrt than was 1 known a score of years rgo, they arc ready 1 to striko out new paths tor themselves.? ^ The common method with uiduu.e now is to keep it near the surface, to iuteruiinglo i' 1 with the soil as much ns possible- . We have ' discovered that in feeding plants wo must not only place the food withiu easy reach of 1 the plants, but must also apply tho best food in tho best condition. These conditions aro secured by a thorough mixture of the manure in as finely divided a coundition as possible throughout the upper three or four inches of tho soil. The best practio is to spread tbo manure upobk-the ploughed ground and to work it in with tho harrow. This is moat conveniently dono by haviug uianuro in a fine condition. Fino manure may be made in two ways, cither by piliug it and rotting it in tho heap, or by using only short litter. The ordinary harrow will mix the uianurc with the soil in the most cffectivo manner. With long manure tho work is not so easily done, but it may be ac.1 \?11... win|#MOM?u uj |fvi au vur i ug. X I1C lliailUrC Will be drawn into heaps, doubtless, but by freeing the harrow and sprcuding these and harrowing ngain aud again, if necessary, the desired result will bo attained. There arc ' some improved kinds of harrows which do this work much better than others. The sloping too:lied harrow acts favorable by press- 1 ing the manure iuto the soil nnd drawing the earth over it; the flexible chain harrow has the same effect, but the steel disk harrow not only does this but it cuts aud breaks up the long litter and reduces it to fragments. This harrow consists of a scries of thin, sharp-edged disks, which rcvolvo upon axles in a different direction from that of the movement of the implement. Each disk thus not only cuts irto soil, but it throws up a small furrow of light soil behind it, this latter effect being assisted by the concave or saucer-shaped form of the disk. The result is very satisfactory either when sod has been turned down (and this couios under the head of manuring,) or when coarse manure is to be spread ; the soil too is left in a vjry favorable condition for sowing or plauting.? These short hints my bo found scasonablo at nt nnv time, hernnsn tlm mntrinrr ?nJ i <"> ?r manure is a work of every day in the year in ouc way or another, or should bo. ? Sou.s for Cotton.?Experience has demonstrated that cotton may be grown on almost any soil where the climate permits the maturity of the bolls, with judicious culture and nuitublo fertilizers ; but there are certain classes of soils especially adapted to this crop. The alluvial or river bottoms stand first in the list. The bottom lauds, so well adapted to cotton, have an inexhaustible supply of vegetable mould which successive overflows have deposited on them. Rich cancbrako lands and rolling prairies, generally designated as black lands, arc also valuable for the certainty with which they produce crops, their comparative freedom from destructive insects and a rolling (surface promoting drainage.? llottom and black lands, according to fertility. yield from one-half to two bales of cotton per acre. Those estimates are, of course, only approximate, aud arc Jgivcn to show the relativo value of the lands under description. The next arc the light sandy and red or clay soils. On the light sandy lauds, i. c., if the uativc growth is oak, or rather, bard woods, the yield will be about one bale to tw? nptv?n Red lands "Or clay soils in tho rolling por~ tions of the country produce from one-half to one-third of a bale to the aero. Exclude lands composed wholly of elay and very compact in their natures, lands having no depth of soil and an impermeable subsoil. Beginners will do well to bear in mind that the crop demands for satisfactory results fine surface culture, plant-food in abundanco, and entire freedom from tho live roots of herbaceous or perennial plants and tho absence of weed seeds and rubbish of all kinds. To secure these conditions tho land ought to be brokoo up early enough to insure tho decomposition of dead herbage, quack grass and tho like, that they may be turned under by tho plough. With the cotton plant, as with most other growths, the yield may bo greatly increased and improved in quality by thorough culture and appropriate fertilizers. -.? The Boston Journal of Commerce -says : "It is the custom to spoak of Southern mills us of littlo account, making an interior class cf goods, only fit for Soathern trade, eto.? An Englishman lately visiting tho Eagle and Phoenix Mills, Columbus, Ga., said the new No. 3 mill was tho best equipped mill in tho world. Certainly there is no mill making n larger variety or hotter quality o? goods. It has every new improvement, and some that no other mills in the country are using. The profit of those mills last year was 20 per cent., on a capital of 81,250,000, or $5.70 per spindle. Tho mills arc lighted with the Brash olcetric light, and water power is used to run them. It cost to light the No. 3 mill for six months, inchiding sarbones and attendance, $110 ; for the same time gas would have cost $2,000." Mr. Edward Richardson, of Mississippi, is said to bo the largest cotton planter i n the world, lie has many plantations, factories and mills, and also a groat many country stores. He is a man of sixty-two. He hss s peculiar habit of rising at 2 o'clock in tho morning, waking his secretary, and dispatching all bis business before bis 7 o'clock breakfast. It was a Connecticut minister whose salary was $25 n year and half tho fish he caught. From the Augusta Ncir.t, has bceu brought to uiv attention as tho son of the deceased Cob Hubert Cuuiughriu of Lauren*, and iu regard to an affair of honor between himself and the Hon. Win. C. Preston about 5fty years ago. After averring that "duclliug was oounlenanccd by tho Church," it states that 1 during the early days of Nullification, Col. Preston of that State made some charge in n public speech against Col. Robert Cuningham of Laurens. The latter named gentleniau taking umbrage thereat, sent Col. Preston a challenge to fight a duel, which of course was promptly ncccptcd. Col. Cuninghaui being a member of the Presbyterian Church applied to its Session for permission to meet Col. Preston in the manner indicated, which wae readily granted." I am induced to cull attention to tho various errors here, on account of the grave and untrue stutesment as to the Presbyterian Church. To nn allusion made by Mr. Preston in a heated political speech to the Cuoinghatns of South Carolina, uiy father through a Columbia paper made a defensive reply and a caustic retort. Preston challenged him, through Hon. Waddy Thomson, and mv father aeccptei the cartel through Gen. William Cumming, of Augusta, Ga. The causo vras political as well as personal. The matter was adjusted by a board of honor, ou the basis of a simultaneous withdrawal of offensivo matter. My father did not apply to the Chureh for tcruiission to meet Col. Preston ; nor did the 'rcsbytcriau Church express approval of duelling. John Cuninoiiam. Charleston, S. C-, March 16. 1881. denatf. Employees with tueir Salaries.?Following is a list of the officers of the United States Senate, with their salaries : Secretary of the Scnato, $4,500, and for compensation as a disbursing officer of salatiea of Senators, $396; chief clerk, $3,000; principal clerk, priucipnl executive clerk, minuto and journal clerk, financial clerk, and enrolling clerk, $2,592 oach ; Librarian and six clerks in the office of tho Secretary, $2,220 each ; Assistant Librarian, $1,440 five clerks, $2,100 each; keeper of tho stationery, $2,102.40; assistant keeper of stationery $1,800; two messengers, $1,296 each ; one assistant in tho stationery room, $1,000; Chaplain, $900 ; secretary to the Vice-President, $2,102.40; messengor to the Vice President's room $1,440 ; clerk to tho committee on Appropriations, $2,500; elerk and stenographer to the oommittee o? Finance, $2,500; clerk of priuting records, $2,220; clerk to tho committees on Claims, Commorco, Judiciary, Privato Land Claims, Pensions, Military Affairs, Post Offices and Post llonds, District oj" Columbia, Navnl Affairs, Library and Census, $2,220 each ; Sergeant nt-Arms and Doorkeeper 84,320; Assistant Doorkeeper, $2,502 ; Acting Assistant Doorkeeper, $2,592 ; three messengers, acting as Assistant Doorkeepers, $1,800 each ; clerk to tho 8ergeant-at-Arms, $2,000 ; postmaster to tho Senate. $2,250 ; assistant postmaster and uiail-carrier, $2.088; I'ouv mail-carriers, $1,200 each; superintend nt of tho document- room, $2,160 ; two assistants, ?1,410 each ; superintendent of tho folding room, $2,160 ; one assistant, $1,200: twenty-four messengers, $1,440 oach ; messenger to the committee ou Appropriations, $1,140 ; messenger in charge of store-room. $1,200 ; messengers to tho official reporters' room, $1,200; chief engineer, $2,160; three assistant engineers, $1,440 each ; conductor of elevator, $1,200; eight skilled laborers, $1,00(1 each per annum ; twentyfour clerks to committees, 86 per day during tho session. Wonderful Tenacity of Life.? Every cat is said to have nine lives, and there are some men whoso tenacity of existence is equally surprising. The Vermouter who bad the whole upper port of bis brain carried off by an explosion, and lived for years after, is an example of this class. John Wilson of Jjeudville, Colorado, most now bo added to the lint of tough oner.? He was buried by a snowslido so deeply that it took several men four hours to reach him and when he was uncovered he had been forty-nine hours without food or light, and with very little sir. He was discovered in ai> upright position, his pick above his head, and held by bis right hand. At first he was believed to be dead, for the palpitations of his heart were scarcely perceptible. Ilis fnco was terribly diseolorcd, and bis chin foil forward on his breast. Ilia extremities wore as cold as ice, and perfectly void of any sense whatever. Tho abode of *.hc remaining spark of life was the breast, and even his | head was benumbed and senseless. The [ arms were rigid ami stiffened, as were the | legs and tbero was little h>pe of resuscitating him. Ho was, howovor, taken to a neighboring eabin, his teeth were pried open, ami ; whisky was poured down his throat. Soon 1 after tho doctor arrived, and finally he re-* covered his senses. He said he thought when the snow struck him that he had been bit by some instremeut. His consciousnes? lasted for about eight hours, and during the forty which followed ho knew nothing. The Emperor or China is ten years old, and has in his stable 98,900 horses, 6,721 camels 12,100 oien aud 248,000 sheep.? His name is Suaug-Su and be is lord of 350,000,000?seven times the population of tho United States. It is donbtfnl if ho has as much fun in lite as th i average American I -t _ * "* * uoy woo ovm a mm Mil Wl and a terrier dog. Peck's Sun has keen kooktag wp the atiflioerv boeioom, and it fiods that thirty eenta worth of reive!, three cent* worth of wire and forty cent* worth of feathova eao l?a stirred up and sold for $25.