. prrotcrt lo ^niiciillurr, ."tnirticiillurc, J0cnm}stiq (I'conomtj, polite jfujwnt ^fws of the gag.
XII.?New Series. 12T.
-9k '? ? : : ?-1 ?=? :? " ' WlWIMWalfciirtiiiI i . *. ^.
r DEFERRED NEWS ITEMS.
A JcniLKK. ? Horn", March 17.? The Pope's
encyclical letter has bjen issue-l proclaiming a
jubilee from March III to November 1st, for Kuropc,
ami to the end of the year for the rest of
Immexsk 1 mmnutation to Amkuica.?London,
March 23.?A dispatch from Berlin says : The
eleven hundred persons reported in the Times'
Berlin dispatch as haviug left for Bremen and
Hamburg on their way to America left that city
on Monday from two railway stations only.?
The immigration is so large that the steamship
oouipauics arc obliged to charter extra stcamei sSrnnKx
Dkatii ok an Kditou.?Baltimore,
March 23.?John T. Crow, managing editor of
the ijlj.ed very suddculy this evening of
apoplexy, in the sixtieth year of his age. A
little after 5 o'clock, as iic was about leaving the
ollicc for dinner, he was stricken with apoplexy
and expired at half-past 0. He had been connected
wich the Sirt since 1848.
- ? ? . - ? ?
Hkniiy Si'ahnick.? We learn from a private
sourze that the notorious Henry Sparuick, who
used the position of Judge of Probate under the
Radical rule to plunder the widows and orphans
of Aiken Couuty, is now engaged in business in
Chicago. Sparnick was a uiau of brains and
education, but was actually one of the vilest of
the infamous gang who held high carnival in
crime during the Radical regime. A sealed
sentence awaits him in the Clerk of the Court's
-otlicc for misappropriation of the funds of the
l'robate office, which will be opened whenever
lie makes it convenient to visit .South Carolina.
f ? ?Journal ami Review.
Fatal Accidkxt hium Carklkssnkss.?The
Ashcville Citizen gives the following sail result
irom cureless handling of a gun : "A sad and
fatal accident occurred on Rig Ivy one day last
week. A son of Mr. Newton Carson, aged about
seventeen years, look down his rifle for the pur
pose of shooting a hawk, lleitig in doubt na
to whether the gun was loaded, he pulled bnck
the hauiiucr witli his foot, and was in the act of
blowing iu the muzzle, when his foot slipped
and the rifle was discharged, the bullet knocking
out his front teeth and lodging in his head.
He lived uutil 10 o'clock the next day, when he
paid the penalty of his thoughtlessness.
A Moiiel Yocnu Max.?The Gazette has in
its employ a model of a christian young man iu
the person of Mr. Charlie W. Rirchiuorc.?
Charlie commenced work as "devil" in the Gazette
oflice on May 2J, where lie has worked
daily (almost without the loss of a day) until
the present time. As a rule printers'
"devils" aco "wild chaps," but Charlie is a rare
exception to the rule. Without the advantage
of cr-n ? ??iimioii wiliuul cduealiou. he has
climbed up the ladder of mental and moial culture
to a point which would do credit to the boy
surrounded wi/h all the advantages of scholastic
training. Charlie Rirchmore is an honor to
the profession, and it allbrds us genuine pleasure
in thus alluding to him.?Kershaw (lazatte.
A Victim or Iu.-Lcck.? II. W. Grady writes
from New York to the Atlanta Constitution :?
"At Deliuo.iieo's, the other day, I saw a youngislt-Iookiug
una, careless in his dress, and with
an air of discouragement and recklessness, com?
in and take a seat alone at a tabic. It was llirnie,
the ill-fated partner of tieorge \V. Williams,
whose failure a year or so ago, was discussed all
over the country. There is said to be little
cause for (It: partial see liness of his appearance
as lie is reputed to have enough money to live
comfortably on. lie was worth about
1 believe, when he failed. Had he been able to
have covered his contracts for three or four davr.
longer than he did, he would have cleared nearly
a million of dollars, as the tide against
which he had staked everything, turned just
after lie went under. I tind that he has many
friends here, who extenuate the circumstances
under which he fnile 1. I do not think he is doing
much at present, hut he is a bold and daring
operator and may come to tiie front if, as
his appear nice seemed to indicate, he has not
attempted li lose his troubles in drink.'*
9
l?.w> run Titk Wof.i.n's Fain. ? New York,
March 2d.?At a meeting of the executive coin- )
iniltee of the World's Fair this afternoon the !
, following letter was read by the secretary:
"New Yunk City, March 22. ? Gentlemen :?
I have the honor to very respectfully tender my !
resignation as president of the World's Fair I
Com mission of 1883. 1 am satisfied that to j
make the enterprise a success will require the I
undivided time of whoever may hold the rosi- I
tion of president. It will he impossible for me
to devote any time to the duties of the office for
a number of months to come, and I expect to
be so engaged as to make it inconvenient to devote
much time even at a later date. Hoping
that your enterprise may meet with the greatest i
/success, Very truly yours,
l.\ 8. (I it ant.* 1
Tut: Uiuiit Way to Tki.i. It.?A Columbia
correspondent of the Aiken Journal uml Jlrvicw,
gives the following account of how a Miehigatider
was "taken down" by a clerk in the State
Agriculturil department :
Sometime sirtee a gentleman from Michigan
called at the Agricultural Department rooms.?
The Commissioner heing otherwise engaged,
his clerk took the gentleman in hand and 1
was showing him the dilfeient products of
South Carolina on exhibition. The Micliigander
knew as little about South Carolina as tin Aiken
African knows of the home of his ancestors.?
The clerk showed him n .specimen of chalk or
kaolin, lie examined it closely ami said, "I
bate often beard our stump speakers tell about
tbo dirt-eating South Carolinians; now 1 wantto
know if Ibis is what they cat '!" The clerk
assured him that it was, and supplemented bis
statement by saying that all classes indulged in
that article of food at present, ami some actually
eat it with relish. "How is it. prepared?" he
aske l. Tho clerk told him that it was mined
here and shipped to our Yankee triends for the
ysUintihle purpose of making crockery an I such
.hingj. but lb?M? filends, knowing the liistor; o1
tb.C uii'.-oatcrs, man u fact u red it into Hour, sugar,
cau.jy fcc., and returned it to us in "packages
to suit jjorcbosers." It is needless to say that ,
be left the thoroughly convinced that tin !
Michigan J?j^u?is coiil ( 'ell tnp.h.s a'.out [
?be Sou11.'
POOR PAY, POOR TEACH.
Mil. Koitor :?The Columbia lleyister, under
the above heading, has the following :
"I'ay for good teachers and you'll get theui.
Starve out your teachers with tluee months'
salary to support them for twelve months in the
year, and what right has a reasonable being to
expect first class services?"
This i? all very true, and it is sound doctrine
to preach, but the Slate is, year by year, drifting
farther and farther from it. The services
of competent teachers cannot be secured without
sufficient pay foi their services. Neither
can one afford to teach three months in the
year aud "wait for something to turn up" during
the remaining nine months. Under these
circumstances no reasonable beiny can expect first
class service. In fact, I do not see. how this rea.
sonable briny ran expect cervices of any kind. St il 1
this is the case, aud you hear grumbling on
every side at the condition of our educational
iotcrests. Where lies the blame ? In the teach
ers ? No. The government of the ^tate? Yes.
And through this government the people ? Yes.
Tito government pretends to take the education
ui iiiu uiiii'ircii 10 usimi, uui i am suri^ iu o;iy
it, but still it is true, the laws of our State on
this subject area furce. These laws covet much
ground, but no provision of thcin is properly
enforced, save the election and maintenance of
the State Superintendent of education and the
County School < 'omtnissioucrs, and perhaps a few
other minor provisions. Money is required to
run the schools of the State, and laws on (lie <
subject, not backed with money, are perfectly
useless. The people pretend to look to the State
under these laws to educate their children, and
they step behind them nnd think themselves
safe. This is why the teachers are not paid a
living salary, and why our schools throughout ,
the State do not run on an average exceeding
three months out of the year. The State can't 1
pay and the people won't pa/, still these reason- J
able persons appear to expect first class services. |
Our public school system, as it now stands, is
doing untold injury to the educational interests 1
of the State. The Superintendent of education '
tuay make long reports to the Legislature ; the
newspaper men may write knowing and eloquent
articles 011 education, but these do uot ed- !
ucatc the children of the Stale. The report of '
the Superintendent may show that so many
thousand white and colored children have at- '
tended the schools during the year, but this
does not add one dollar to the amount appropriated
by the Slate for educational purposes, but
the more iu attendance the shorter term the j
schools run. This is not helping the cause at all, ,
and the teacher is just as near starvation as ever. 1
As soon as the public funds are exhausted our
schools vanish like fogs before the morning sun. 1
The patrons, though the same thing happens <
every year, arc exceedingly surprised that the
money has given out, but most gmcoftuiy r*tu?
to supplement the public funds with their private
funds, and their children are turned loose 1
to run at large for at least nine mouths, and the
poor icaciicr iiiusi matte ine ucsi possiote sunt | 1
lie can for a living. The Slate sutlers l>y this, j
the teacher sutlers and the children sutler, '
but those that sulV r lite most are the children. J
No State can secure the services of first class
teachers under these circumstances, and, since
this is the case, it becomes encumbent upon tlie
State to tube the education of her children under
its charge and see that tliey are properly ed- 1
ucatcd. .\ Stale lias the right to do tliis, not ! ^
because a rich man owes an education to tlie j
children of his less fortunate neighbor ; not ! i
i I
that the Stale owes an education to any of her > |
citizens, but that her own interests demand it. ! |
11* a State can dig canals, arm and equip so!- ,
diers and ships of war to protect herself from
foreign or domestic enemies, she certainly lias
the power to protect herself ngaiirnt the greatest i
of all enemies?ijimrunce. <
The stumbling block in the way of our edit- I
culioiial interests is our free school system, so I
called. It has been tried for a number of years,
and has proved a failure?a complete failure? I
as it fails to meet the ends lbr which it was in- '
tended. If the people of the State would take 1
the public money in the light of an aid coining | '
fru.u the State as a stimulus to the cductMing of j '
the children of the State, and siipplemc/jt this J
aid with their private funds, then much good j
would he accomplished. No "reasonable person"
can fail to see that these ren.u>nahlc />roj>lr '
ul our Mate wholly fail to look nt I lie matter in
this light. Only two reitteilies present tlieiu- (
selves io incut present. One is, to abolish our
free school system ami let the people take I ho
matter entirely into their own bauds. The (
other is, for the .Stale to raise enough money to ,
pay for good teachers for nine months in the ,
year; ami pay thein well, too. The no /mj/ .
system is yearly driving men that are competent |
from the school room, and this will continue to \
lie the case until something is done to better our ,
educational system. Our present free school i
system is a delusive phantom, and we must use :
some means to improve it, or abolish it, before I
ignorance shall have bound the Slate band and :
fool. I
Without good pay the State or the people, 1
whichever you choose, will always have poor '
teach. An educated man cannot tiUord to de- '
Vote his time and talents to a calling that does 1
not sufficiently remunerate him for his labor. 1
South Carolina to-day needs a corps of well paid j '
artd well trained teachers in Iter schools, and '
money alone will secure them ; and if the people
will not then the Stale must pay them. 1
hope that our free school system w ill be made ,
au issue in our next campaign.
When I state that the people refuse to supple* ,
mcnt the public funds with their private funds,
I know whereof I speak, ami will make no
i ii mi c r coin in vii i s on it 01 present, t uciicvc i
tint o system of free schools, when properly |
worked, is n good tiling, and a good system I
would meet my hearty approval ; but having j
been l'.?r some years past closely connected with
the workings of our present system, and believing
it to I. $ a complete failure, I cannot approve
it. Wm. 1'. ('ai.iiorx.
Fair PJ'iif, Ocafr (' >., Marr/i 17.
Tlio loss by the recent freshet ;t( Ibuiie,
t .Irt . is estimatcl at ^'totf.ono.
(Jakfikli) and tiik Ncdko.?Warhingt"
March 18. ? There is to be a compromise b
tween tlic administration and the negro. Tl
demand for equal recognition with that accrued
to white Republicans will not be gratite
but in every Southern Stale a few leading n
groes will be appointed to oflicc. This will a
pear to the mass of colored voters as a begi
ning of tho reform they ask. It will appca
the leaders and induce thetn to pacify all di
satisfaction as far as they can. It is the be
that could he done for the negro, and he sect
satisfied with it.
llrnce, of Mississippi, will have some goi
department position here or his pick of t!
ploccs in his own State, l'inchbaek. of Louis
ana, will be cared for. Elliott, of South Car
Una, is named fora prominent positiou. Kaitie
of the same Slate, has alrendy been put to rc
in the revenue service. Two or three leadii
North Carolina negroes arc oil the progratnm
Witherspoon, iti Florida, and the colored e
congressman in Alabama, will not beg in vain
In Georgia, l'lcdger, the smart young nog
who presides over tiie State Republican cot
iniitee, win inivcii uosiraiMeappoinimcni. at a
ison Davis, of Alliens, one of tlie mist inline
tial spirits among the Georgia negroes, is also
favorite. Hotli the DcVaux boys are alrein
provided for and will be retained where tin
are or promoted. One of t li cm holds ago.
place in the Savannah customhouse, but has li
eyes fixed on the postolliec of that city. t>
funis Campbell, who sat side by side with i\
peoria Bradley in ihu tieorgia Senate, is snug
fixed in a department clerkship.
?
1I(?W TO l'llbVKNT I.AMP t HIMNKVS t'llACKIN
? A I.cipsic Journal, which makes a special
of matters relating to glass, gives a metln
which it asserts will prevent chimneys fro
cracking. The treatment will not only rendi
lamp chimneys, tumblers, and like articl
more durable, but may be applied with advu
tage to crockery, stone-ware, porcelain, etc.l'iie
chimneys, tumblers, etc., are put into a p
filled with cold water, to which some comiin
table salt has been added. The water is wi
boiled over a fire, and allowed to cool slowl
When the articles arc taken out and wash
I hey will be found to resist afterward any su
Jen changes of temperature. The process
simply one of annealing, and the slower tl
uooling part of it is conducted the more ctrccti
will be the work.
- ? (i
kx Kit a i, lif.k.'s SwoitD.?Riehtnoi
Ya., March 21?The JJiajxitch yostcrd.
published the following correspondence
reference to a controversy as to the autlio
ticily of the stateiueut in I Inlines's Scho
History"'that "General Grunt declined
receive Genera! Lee's sword" at thesurre
iler at Appomattox :
' lit i F.M.o Litiiia SpttiMis, VA , Mart
11, 18S1.?General L". Grunt, N F.
York.?Sir : In a friendly discussion li
Lween several gentlemen of Northern at
Southern proclivities as to the truth of hi
lory a question arose whether (~icncr.il L
it the surrender actually tendered and \t
received his sword. It was mutually ngrei
that you should ho written to lor a decisioi
J'liere is no idle curiosity or desire lor not
>iety in regard to this request, and a rep
from you would be highly appreciated.
Very respec1fu 11y,
.j. 1). jki-vukss."
(Jen. (jJrtint replied as follows, on the bo
toni ol the same sheet of paper:
(leneral Radeau's book, now in tl
hands of the printer, will give the exa
truth of the matter referred to in this k
tor. There was no demand made for (lei
jral Lee's sword, and notender of iloH'cre
(lit A NT."
In reference to the above, the fotlowii
conversation between (Jens. Lee, Marly at
at hers, reported in Lev. .J. William Jones
book, entitled "Reminiscences of Lee," m:
be of special interest, and agrees with Go
Radeau's forthcoming account ami thussc
ties the disputed point : "(Jen. Lucsaid th
when he met (.Jen. Grant they exchangt
polite salutations and he stated to him
>nce that lie desired a conference in referen
to the subject-matterol theircorre>pondime
(Jon. Grant returned your sword, did I
not, General V one of the company askc
I'he old hero, straightening himself up, r
plied in most emphatic tones : 'No sir, I
lid not. lie had no opportunity of doit
so. I was determined that the side-arms <
.11'.. - I... i... . i... .
iiivuic ?-??*??*?* i/vi t>\tui|fv uj i in; "
mrreiidcr, anil of course I did not oft"
mine. All that was said about swords w
that (Sen. (5rant apologized to no; for ?
wearing his own sword, saying that it h:
gone ull in his hatr^a^n and he had been u
11 >lc to get it in time.' (Jen. Lee stated i
his conversation that he was acfomp.inii
a Iu ii he met (Jen. (Jrant only by I'oi. Cliarl
Marshal!, of his personal stall, who we
with one of tlen (Irant's stall to lindasu
ihle room in which to hold the conlercnci
hat they were first shown to a vacant houf
ind declining to u>e that, were eondu.-ti
)V .Maj. Mefle.au to his house and show
nto his parlor. (Jen. Lee then briefly st?
-d the terms upon which he Would be w
ling to surrender. (Jen. (Irant cxpressi
liim-elf as satisfied with them, and (Jen. h
reipiested that he would formally rctlu
lie propositions to writing, which w
lone."
what ('ornin I'aciokiks wm i.dsai
in tiik Sot i'll.?"A factory man haswritti
i letter to the Ncwnan f(Ja.) //< rn/<l, givii
his estimate of the amount wliLh would I
saved to the South by manufacturing eotti
:if lit 11 11 * t'rnin ft l?o cixnl 1 I .? i.iife il.itvn tl
total saving at ?33,000,000 annually. as 1'
lows : Saving in bathing an?l ties, 0,001
000; in ginning ?0,000,000; beating a
losing cotton lor the cards, ?.-*,000.000 ;
freight, ?12,000,000. lie says furlhe
"The furnishing of ?33,000,000 annua
for ten years wotthl huilil factories enou;
in the Smth to inanulactiire our entire c
tun crop; besides, it would double the val
of tlii' raw material, adding to our weal
annually ?300,000,000, and increasing I
value of lands and other property as inu
more."
n, NAUTICAL INSTRUCTIONS.
ic*
'l0 A Few 1\>:nts for the NewSecketaky
the Navy.
d,
' The tollowing nautical instructions were
found among the documents of an old nun
^ from Indiana now in the employ of monsieur
?lc hesseps. They nave beeu Ibrwarded
to Secretary of the Navy Hunt : ' The
custom of sailing be/ore the wind should be
"s avoided whenever it is possible, as experience
has demonstrated that it is much better
to wait for the breeze and carry it along, if
'IC not too heavy.
Commanders of sailing ships of-war, I
?* have observed, arc addicted to the practice
-v? of staggering under all they can carry.'?
This matter will receive ca^ly attention, as
the necessity for reform i?r this direction
if- would seem imperative.
x- "When dirty weather is threatened, or
when there is reasou to suspect breakers
ro ahead, the captain should heave to, or three,
.1 i' ..
ii- uut iiu>v;i iiiuiu tuau iuui
J. ''In taking on board amuiuuition, and
n- powder, and shot, and shells, and caps,
a <\:c, the lore, main and uiizzcu trucks
lv should be utilized, in connection with
ey the animals belonging to the horse muni
,il,os- .
ljs "It is deem d best to abolish dog watches.
I I This practice is beiieved to encourage i?lloness
among the sailors, and necessitates the
I keeping oil board a number of useless beasts
whose presence must be anything but desirable.
(i. "While beating to windward, care should
iy be taken to have a sufficient quantity of
starboard tacks on board, in case of running
into tiie wind's eye, which cannot at all limes
vs be avoided.
i,. "In the interests of economy the allow?
nnce lor captains'gig^should be withdrawn.
It is plain that they are of no real utility on
.'J; shipboard, and that they are at all times in
the way. Wheu oti shore the captains can
avail themselves of the street railway or of
1 the facilities afforded by the livery stables
or the llcrdics.
1S "All anchors should be accurately wcigli,c
ed before being taken on board, and the
ve weight plainly marked on each, thereby saving
time and avoiding trouble when a ship
^ I is about to tak j her departure.
"All 'splicing' should be done by the
chaplain, as lie is the person upon whom the
performance of that ceremony most properI
ly devolves.
t "When sailing in tropical se;s the brecehI
es of the guns should he removed and caro,
fully stowed away, to bo replaced when
^ | again entering Colder lattitudos and longis
I IUUVO.
I 'oh,.aid a seaman inadvertently lose his
j watch below and tail to'lind it on his return
the captain will provide him with another
fro in one of the ship's stores.
"The practice of carrying logs, merely
I lbr the purpose of 'heaving* them, is ol
<Iucstionable propriety, and will form a subject
for future in<|uiry."
!y
S.MAI.I. I'oX IN Uito A I>\V A V. New
York, March 21.?An excited citizen
rushed into Superintendent. Waiting's olliec
at police headquarters to day and breathlessly
exclaimed that a naked man who had
,c the small-pox was rushing about the streets
on the West Side, creating a veritable panic.
Tbcn came a dispatch announcing the eapn.
tilto of the mail ; that his name was Walicr
Maliand ; that lie was delirious and
would probably die at the lliverside liospi,,,
J tal, where he was taken. Mahand's run
,ll ' through the streets occasioned tlie utmost
;*>s excitement. It happened about 8 o'c'oek.
,y The patient, who is a young, strong^liuibed
,, negro, was in bed at his home, at No. 113
West Twenty-seven h street, and being
;1( asleep hail been lelt alone by his friends
.j who were nursing him. In their absence
;it he awoke delirious, tore his shirt from his
ce body and made his way into the street.?
,c Just as he sprang out upon the sidewalk he
,0 was seen by a woman in the house, who at
] once set up the shout: "Small-pox; look
v. out for him." A score of persons who had
10 run up to look at the strange sight gave
way hastily and the negro, with a yell,
up started towards Sixth avenue. 11c rati w ith
L)r the speed of a deer, and narrowly missing
L>,. in his headlong course collision with a cab
;1S and a street car he turned into the avenue
()t and sped Kastward through Twenty-seventh
,,j street, followed by an increasing crowd of
excited men and women, who took up the
lu yell Small pox ! ' "Suiall-pox !" and goaded
.,j the insane man on to further exertions.
cs Switching into li road way the negro set his
ht face up town and ran towards Twenty eighth
it street, the throng everywhere making rootn
; for him and as rapidly closing in behind,
;0 swelling the number of his pursuers. Along
,.,j his course windows were opened, carts stop!
* 1 I l I t .,11 ll-lvl VI IV 1 Vi I II l.l. 1 ll'Illl.l
>11 I ~ ....... .... JV..VV.., ......v
,t. body joined in tbe yell thut preceded the
j|. fugitive and opened the way for him. It
>3,1 was heard by two policemen on Broadway,
ee who, seeing him coming, hastily secured a
cc sheet from a store, and, as he approached,
;)s rushed upon the naked man and throwing
it over him secured him (irmly. I>espite
his struggles lie was then carried to the
k Thirtieth street station house and kept there
n till the health oHieer arrived. The crowd
iig was with difficulty di-persed, and for the
be rest of the day a strong boom in vaccination
>11 put the doctors in the neighborhood in
lie good humor. The demand for virus at tin
id- office of the Health Board was unusually
strong in consequence all day.
nd - ?
ill How TO M.\KK A MlJSTAltn I'f.ASTKIt,
r : ?When you make a mustard plaster us<
lly no water whatever, but mix the mustard
gl> with the whit: of an egg, and the resul
>t- will he, it will "draw" perfectly, hut wil
ue not produce a blister even upon the skin o
th an infant, 110 matter how long it is allowei
lie to remain upon the part. For this we havi
eh the word of an old and eminent physician
as well as our own experience.
Si'kkaiuno Manuuk.?AceordingYo tlio
IFe.s/ern Farmers' Almanac. the old fashioned
method ol ploughing uuler manure
has now became obsolete. (loud farmers
now no longer follow old fashions because
they are old, but, having become used to
think for themselves and knowing much
more of the science of their art than was
known a score of years : g >, they are ready
to strike out new paths tor themselves.?
The common method with uiauu c now is to
keep it uear the surface, to iutcrminglo i*
with the soil as much as possible- We have
discovered that 111 feeding plants we must
not only place J he food wilhiu easy reach of
the plants, but must also apply the best food
in the best condition. These conditions aro
secured by a thorough mixture of the manure
in as Gnely divided a couudition as possible
throughout the upper three or four
inches of the soil. The best praetio is to
spread the manure upon--the ploughed
ground and to work it in with the harrow.
*1*1. r . - - : - .1 ?
ltiis is in1131 uuuvuiiiciiiiy uunc oy Having
manure in a (ino condition. Fine manure
may be made in two ways, either by piling
it and rotting it in tbe heap, or by using
only short litter. The ordinary hariow will
mix the manure with the soil in the most
effective manner. With long manure the
work is not so easily done, but it may be accomplished
by persevering. The manur" will
be drawn into heaps, doubtless, but by freeing
the harrow and spreading these and harrowing
again and again, if necessary, the
desired result will be attained. There are
some improved kinds of harrows which do
this work much better than others. Thesloping
too'hed hariow acts favorable by pressing
the manure into the soil and drawing
the earth over it; the flexible chain harrow
has the same effect, hut the steel disk harrow
not only does this but it cuts and breaks
up the long litter and reduces it to fragments.
This harrow consists of a series of
thin, sharp-edged disks, which revolve upon
axles in a different direction from that of
the movement of the implement. Each
disk thus not only cuts ir to soil, but it throws
up a small furrow of light soil behind it, this
latter effect being assisted by the concave or
saucer-shaped form of the disk. The result
is very satisfactory either when sod lias been
turned down (and this comes under the head
of manuring.) or when coarse manure is to
be spread ; the soil too is left in a v^ry favorable
condition for sowing or plauting.?
These short hints my bo found seasonable at
at any lime, because the making and use of
manure is a work of every day in the year
in ouo way or another, or should bo.
Siiti.s for Cotton.? Experience has
demonstrated that cotton may be grown
on almost any soil where the climate permits
the maturity of the bolls, with judi
cious culture and suitable fertilizers; but
' there are certain classes of soils especially
I adapted to this crop. The alluvial or river
| bottoms stand lirst i:i the list. The bottom
lauds, so well adapted to cotton, have an
inexhaustible supply of vegetable mould
which successive overflows have deposited
on thcui. Rich cane brake lands and rolling
prairies, generally designated as black lauds,
...... .. .i...i.i.. < ... .1... : i.
iui v> UI?7Vf TIIIUIIVIV JU1 IIIU V, . I tllllllj Willi
which they produce crops, their coinparai
tive freedom from dc.struclivo insects and
a rolling [-surface promoting drainage.?
1 ><)t(ui!) and black lands, according to fertility.
yield from one-half to two bales of
cotton per acre. These estimates are, of
course, only approximate, and arc Jgiven to
show the relative value of the lands under
description.
The next arc the light sandy and red or clay
I soils. On the light sandy lands, i. e., if the
i native growth is oak, or rather, hard woods,
the yield will he about one bale to two acres.
Red lands or clay soils in the rolling portions
of the country produce from one-half
to one-Jiird of a bale to the aero. Kxclude
lands composed wholly of clay and very
compact in their natures, lands having no
depth of soil and an impermeable subsoil.
Jieginners will do well to bear in mind
that the crop demands for satisfactory results
tine surface culture, plant-food in
abundance, and entire freedom from the
| live roots of herbaceous or perennial plants
! and the absence of weed seeds and rubbish
; of all kinds. To secure these conditions
j tiie laud ought to be broken up early
j enough to insure the decomposition of ucad
i herbage, auack grass and the like, that thev
... w ' " J
may l>o turned under by the plough.
Willi the Cotton plant, as with most other
growths, the yield may bo greatly increased
ami improved in quality by thorough
culture and appropriate fertilizers.
------ ?
The Boston Journal of Commerce says :
"It is the custom to speak ol Southern mills
j as of little account, making an interior class
cf goods, only lit for Southern trade, etc.?
An Knglishman lately visiting the Kaglc
and I'lucnix Mills, Columbus, (Ja,, said the
new No. It mill was the best equipped mill
in the world. Certaiuly there is no mill
making a larger variety or better quality o?
goods. It has every new improvement, and
some that no other mills in the country are
using. The profit of these mills last year
was 20 per cent., on a capital of SI,250,*
000, or ?5.7l> per spindle. The n ills arc
lighted with the It rush electric light, and
water power is used to run them. It cost
i to light the No. It mill for six months, in>
; eluding carbones and attendance, 8110;
for the same time gas would have cost 82,1
000."
Mr. Kdward Richardson, of Mississippi
PI vg'llil tn )>?? till* I'ir.met
./v vnv VVVIUII |Hillllt'l II
the world. He has many plantations, 1'ac
> tories anil mills, and also a threat maw
2 country stores. IFe is a man of sixty-two
Ho lias a peculiar habit of rising at 2 n'clocl
1 j in the mornin<r, waking his secretary, am
' ! dispatching all his business before his
1 o'clock breakfast.
1
c Tt was a Connecticut minister wiios
, salary was a year and half tin* h
caught.
'DUELLING AH? TBS CH?BC?T
To the Editor of TJtX N?m and Courier:, .
A paragraph bonded "iSuolling and tho 1^' >
1 Clnmh," copied in yourtssud'ofthltmorn- .<** '
from r lie August a News, has beeu brought . ^
to 111 v attention us tlie son of the deceased " ^
Col. Robert Cuuinglu 111 of Laurens, and in
regard to an affair of honor between himself
and the Hon. NVui. C. Preston about
fifty years ago.
After averring that "duelling was countenanced
by the Chureh." it states that
| during the early days of Nullification, Col.
1'reston of that tftato made souio charge iu
a public speech against Col. Robert Cuttinghatn
of Laurens. The latter uauied gentleman
taking umbrage thereat, sent Col. Preston
a challenge to fight a duel, which of
course was promptly ncceptcd. Col. Cuuinghatn
being a member of the Presbyterian
Church applied to its Session for permission
to meet Col. Prestou iu the manner
indicated, which was readily granted."
1 am induced to call attention to the various
errors here, on account of the grave aud
untrue statesuieut as to the Presbyterian
('Jin roll
To sin allusion made by Mr. Preston in a
heated political speech to the Cuuinghams of
South Carolina, uiy father through a Columbia
paper made a defensive reply and
a caustic retort, Preston challenged Awn,
through Hon. Waddy Thomson, and uiv
father acceptei the cartel through Gen.
William Cumming, of Augusta, Ua. The
cause was political as well as personal. The
matter was adjusted by a board of honor, on
the basis of n simultaneous withdrawal of
offensive matter.
My father did not apply to the Church for
permission to meet Col. Preston ; uor did tho
Presbyterian Church express approval of
duelling. John Cuninoiiam.
Charleston, S. C., March 1 *?, 1881.
cIknatk Kmi i.oykks with Ttmtt Sat,aiiiks.?Following
is a list of the officers
of tho United States Senate, with their salaries
: Secretary of the Senate, 81,500, and
for compensation as a disbursing officer of
salatics of Senators, $390; chief clerk,
83,000; principal clerk, principal executive
clerk, minute and journal clerk, financial
clerk, and enrolling clerk, 82,502 oach ;
Librarian and six clerks in the office of tho
Secretary, 82,220 each ; Assistant Librarian,
81,4-10 five clerks, 82.100 each ;
keeper of tho stationery, 82,102.40; assistant
keeper of stationery 81,800 ; two messengers,
81,200 each; one assistant in tho
stationery room, 81,000; Chaplain, 8900 ;
secretary to tho Vice-President, $2,102.40;
messcngor to the Vice President's room
$1,440; clerk to the committee on Appropriations,
82,500; elerk and stenographer
to tho committee oh Finance, $2,500; clerk
of priutisg records, 82,220; clerk to tho
commit tees on Claims, Commerce, J udiciary,
Private Land Claims, Pensions, Military
Affairs, Post OHi ces and Post Hoads, District
of Columbia, Naval Affairs, Library
and Census, 82.220 each ; Sergeant at-Arms
and Doorkeeper $4,320; Assistant Doorkeeper,
82,592 ; Acting Assistant Doorkeeper,
82.592 ; three messengers, acting
i as Assistant 1 >oorkecpers, $1,800 each ;
clerk to the Sergcant-at-Arms, 82.000;
I <1... c.i iir.n : .
i iii.t.-n i iu iiiu c ?. ? , hssisiaill
postmaster ami mail-carrier, 82.088; lour
mail carriers, 81 ,201} each; superintend nt
of the document room, 82.1 GO ; two assistants,
81,110 each ; superintendent of the
folding rooui, 82,1 (it) ; one assistant, 81,200:
twenty-four messengers, ?1,110 cacli ; messenger
to the committee on Appropriations,
i 81,1 10 ; messenger in charge of store-room,
' 81,200 ; messengers to the official reporters'
room, 81,200; chief engineer, $2,1 GO ;
three assistant engineers, $1,4-10 each ;
conductor of elevator, $1.200; eight skilled
laborers, 81,000 each per annum ; twentyfour
clerks to committees, $G per day during
tho session.
Wonderful Tenacity of Like.?
Every cat is said to have nine lives, and
'.here are some men whose tenacity of existence
is equally surprising. The Veruioutcr
who had tho wholo upper port of hi?
brain carried oil* by an explosion, and lived
for years after, is an example of this class.
.John Wilson of Lcudvillc, Colorado, mnst
now be added to the list of tough out ?.?
He was buried by a snowslidc so deeply
j that it took several men four hours to reach
j him and when he was uncovered he had boon
forty-nine hours without food or light, and
with very little air. lie was discovered in an
upright position, his pick above his head, and
held by his right hand. At first he was believed
to be dead, for the palpitations of hie
heart were scarcely perceptible. Ilis faco
was terribly discolored, mid bis chin fell
forward on his breast. His extremities wore
I as cold as ice. and perfectly void of anr
souse whatever. Tho abode of *.he remaining
spark of life was t ho breast, and even his
head was benumbed and senseless. Tito
arms were rigid ami stiffened, as were the
legs and there was little h )pe of resuscitating
hint. He was, however, taken to a neighboring
eabin, his teeth were pried open, and
whisky was poured down his throat. Soon
after the doctor arrived, and finally he recovered
his senses. Ho said he thought
when the snow struck him that he had been
hit by some instrement. His consciousness
lasted for about eight hours, anil during the
I forty which followed he knew nothing.
The Ktnperor or China is ten years old,
and has in his stable 08.9(H) horses, t>,721
camels 12,100 oxen and 248,000 sheep.?
, II is name is Suung-Su and he is lord of
, d.~?0,000,()00?seven times the population of
. the Cnited States. It is doubtful if he has
as much fun in Iito as th ?average American
^ l>oy who owns a base bail bat and a terrier
\ i
7 #
iVc-k's Sun has been looking up flie millinery
business, ami it finds that thirty cent*
? ; worth ol" velvet, three cents worth of wire
e | Mid forty cents worth of leathers can Iks
stirred up ami sold Ibr f?-5.