Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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l>fl#Uurq, gortiqutlurq, gompty (Eqonoms, Dolitc^^^^T"Politics. aiuljh^ <$uncnt gjcuj# of the_ gaj. 'V -4. VOjU ZL-N^jpo?> UNION C. II., SOUTH OARO? '',' ^"'R 7^"" IS IT tlfHO TWAW anm-VD 1 I Congressman Aiken tells us all about Oleomargarine. Washington, D. C., March 20, 1880 To the Editor of the News and Courier: Your editorial of iho 26th just provokes an article, not with a disposition to striko back, but to edify upon the manufacture of oleomargarine. The question of the adulteration of food is perhaps a legitimate one for Congressional legislation, and through that chauucl this article of oleomargiiriue has been brought before two of tho Congressional committees ?manufactures, and agriculture. Wherever manufactured each Slate requires that every kit coutainiug it shall be plainly marked "Oleomargarine" beforo being exposed for sale. But no State can by law require the manufacturer thus to mark it when he ships and offers it for salo in another Stato, ana hence Congressional interference is asked to prevont its shipment across State lines uuless plainly brauded. But to its manufacture. Every one who has seen the inside of a bjef knows that in th(l rri'inn nf a#1 - -0 .uv MV.U11 vi a IUV UCL'l mere is a coasiderablc quantity of fat, and that the "paunch" is enveloped in a thin film, which is known as the caul" fat. From these two sources como the material from which oleomargarine is made, tho simple process of which is as follows : This fat is washed, first in lukewarm wator and then in icy cold water to harden it. Then being cut into small pieces it is thrown into a hopper rosting over a mammoth sausage cutter, which receives it rapidly, masticates it thoroughly and discharges it into a ^ largo caldron, or series of caldrons, that are ^ kept at a uniform temperature of about 112 Fahrenheit. This degree of heat melts the fat and tallow, separates them from each other and from the fibrine or other solid matter contained in the caul. The fat is the lightest and floats above tho melted tallow, and is drawn off by means of a syphon iuto large troughs in an adjaceut room kept at a uniform temperature of about 80 degrees, in which temperature the liquid solidifies or becomes crystalized into a substance resembling granulated tallow. In this room is a table covered with a frame of moulds about the length aud width t,n|C?kA ?l u ? -J uuu UHU vuw huaaucci] VII bUU UIU-1U3I11UL1UU brick moulds. Iu each mould is laid a piece of cleau, heavy cloth or duck, and the mould filled with the granulated substance. Wrapped in this cloth, making a block ubout the size of a thin brick, each mould is laid upon tho follower of a press nearly until covered ; then a sheet of galvauized tin is laid over these, and another layer of oloia Llo-^Uo, auJ than itn *?w1 an in alhir. nating untii tho pile is obout as high as a bale of cotton and two thirds as loug. Steam is applied, and tho pile of blocks is subjected to a pressure of from 1,500 to 1,700 pounds to tho squaro inch. Each little block is pressed to nbout a half inch in thickness, the residue being puro stearino, which is packedjin hogsheads and sold chiefly to candle manufacturers. The pure oil is caught in a gutter that encircles the press, and carried off by pipes to auother portion of the building. This oil is as translucent as the whito of an egg, and perfectly tasteless, smacking neither of lard nor tallow. Tn fKa rnnm i a thIuaK it.* ?~]? I straud a churn, cap-able of holding 625 pounds of the mixture of 500 pounds of this oil and 125 pounds of fresh milk. The dasher is vertical with horizontal paddles, and is w dried by steam. In the churn is placed whatever of coloring matter i9 needed to improve tho color of the mixture. The churn stands upon a pedestal about three feet high, and has near its bottom a faucet. Aftor the mixture is churned for ten minff utes, looking identically like a cask of egg custard, tho faucet is opened and a portion of tho mixture is flooded into a largo box Jiu :d with metal, and containing about two, pornaps three, bushols of crushed ice. As tho churn empties its contents into the box, a couple of stalwart men keep the ico and mixturo moving by stirring thorn together with strong flat-tined forks, and by tho time tho chum is empty tho box is full of a congealed substauoe exactly liko fresh yellow buttor, and the ice has been outirely This box on small wheels is rolled off and emptied into a horizontal trough, through 'whioh runs an axle with flattened teeth projecting from it, and as the axle revolves these teeth pross or work all the water out of the substanco or mixturej and from this trough it is taken by hand (its first handling) and thrown upon a largo table, backwards and forth, upon which, by means of cog-gearing, runs a heavy iron flanged roller, which works it that much moro,aod presses all the water out upou the table, which boing slightly inclined allows the water to run off. At this working it is salted, and handled by turning it around aDd around so as to present every porsiblo atom of it to the pressure of the roller, that it may be deprived of all its wator. From this table it is thrown by hand into a flue leading to a room below, whore it is packed into kegs, boxes and kits, marked and shipped. When it is sent to Charleston the euphonious name of Oleomargarine is left off; your green grocers :.nd ripe-grocers buy it and soli it ns butter, and your :? ?., .1 : > .. - J?1 vivuouo unv 11# uuu uuj li on j;iiv uu^'u Goshen." I asked tho president of the company where was his best market, lie replied, "the Southern cities, ospocially New Orloans." After the committees had spent noar two hours examining thij manufactory and were talking of returning to Washington from Baltimore, where the factory described is located, tho oompany insisted wo should dino with them. The invitation was accepted, and as wc sat d .wn to dinner the host announced that he had by order of the com Eauy procured a few pounds of the best utter from the best cronmcry in Delaware and as many pounds of the oleomargarine aud placed them in cakes promiscuously upou the table. Withiu reach, to my right upon the table, was a round cako of beautiful butter. On my left sat a Noithwostcrn fricud who comes from a laud hotter than Goshcu, and within his reach to the left was a square cake of as benutiful, and perhaps somewhat darker colored butter. Whilo diuiug we enjoyed butter from both plates and pronounced them both "gilt edged." Presently my Aldcrncy friend said, "Aiken, one of theso cukes is oleomargarine, and I can prove it to you." Taking a little from the rouud cake and spreading it upou his bread, he remarked, "Now don't you see that this is butter ? see how beautifully smooth it spreads ?" Then taking as much from the siiuarc cake aud spreading it, ho said. "Don't you seo how fatty aud globulous tho surface looks ? I am sure that is not butter." When wo had dined the landlord was asked how ho distinguished tho cakes?? Said ho, "the square cakes are butter, and tho round cakes are from the factory and arc oleomargarine." Tho president of this company said he would defy the most delicate palato or most experienced eye to distingush his "butterino" from the best dairy butter, unless when subjected to melting heat, in which case butter would gradually soften, but in hottest weather retain some consistency.? Oleomargarine will melt if exposed to this heat and run into oil. But ho averred that they had cipcrimcnted with it in every possible way iu comparison with butter of the purest quality, both on laud and on sea, and found that uudcr ordinary temperature subject to nuy exposure tho oleomargarine will keep sweet aud fresh where butter will become rancid. The manufactory in Baltimore is tho smallest in tho United States, and it* daily product for eight mouths in the year averages thirty-five hundred pounds. It is not manufactured during the hot summer | mouths. There aro mauufacturcs iu man* ufuctures iu Philadelphia, New York, Bosi.. if " IUU, x nusuurg, V^aicago, UlDClDDPtl, iiOUlSville and St. Louis, and the aggregated daily product reaches nearly half a million pounds. The greater portion of it is shipped abroad, and chiefly to Berlin, Amsterdam and other German towns, and Liverpool, and the supply hus not equalled the demad in any of those cities. On my return from Baltimore I bought a cake of oleomargarine and had it subjected to the microscope and analyzed at the Agricultural department. Tho microscopic examination made it appear very unlik s ItMi AM* ! I M MM l^Ata al?A(HA?l it oontaincd 88 per cent, of fatty matter, 8 per cent, of water, 2 per cent, of salt, and 2 per cent, of animal matter. Of tho 88 per ceut. of fatty matter 95 per cent, was butter. So it only lacked 5 per ceut. of being the gcuuiue article at the worst. One of the committee expressed it, when he facetiously remarked, "I understand it all; we arc living in a progressive age, and the inventions of the day have enabled us in this iustauce to 'go behind the returns,' wc have gone to tho fountain head, and by a mechanical operation produced from the same source iu an hour the identical substanco that nature would havo consumed i twenty-four hours in produciug through the slow operations of lactification, if I cau coin | a word, milking and churning." So rauoh for the manufacture and conI ~r _i ouuipciuu vi uiuuuiurganuu. Very respectfully, D. Wyatt Aiken. Bill Akp on the Press.?Your paper is a great comfort to mo ; in every number ' I find something to put away in mind and memory ; something that idid not know before, and which will bo of advantage to mo in time to coiuo. If a man can read bo can get a good education by taking one good paper ; ho can keep up with the world, and uiako himself au entertaining member of society; he can talk up a little on most any subject. Book learning is a very gocd thing, but I kuow a main who has a power of that, but he never reads the papers, and ho passes for a fool in bis nanorhood.? Some papers arc not much account to appearances, but I nevor took one that didn't MT me in some w&v & r*nnd dnnl more t.hnn I paid it. Oqo time an old friend started a little paper away down in Southwestern Georgia and sent it to me, and I subscribed just to encourage him, and so after a while it published a notice that an administrator had an order to sell several lots of land at puhlio outcry, and one of tho lots was in my county. So I inquired about the lot, and wrote down to my friend to attend the sale, and run it to fifty dollars. IIo did so, and bid off tho lot for me at thirty dollars, and I sold it in a month to tho man it joined foi a hundred, and so I mado sixty-eight dob lars clear by taking that paper. My fathet told me that when ho was a young man hi saw a notice in a paper that a school touch or was wanted away off in a distant county aud he wont down there and got tho situa tion. and a little t?irl was sent to hitn. ant after a while sho grew up mighty sweet auc pretty, and ho foil iu love with her nut married hor. Now, if he hadn't took tha paper, what do you rockon would bavo be come of mo ? Wouldn't 1 be some othel feller, or maybe not bo at all ??Dixie Far mar. To Sow Blub Grabs.?Any ono whi proposes to grow Kontucky Blue Grus* should first sow the land in cow peas, heav ily. Then, in October, cut down and rei more the pcavincs, and put in tho Blue grasr at least two bushols of seed to the acre.? The pons will shade the land and destro > I ho weeds effectually. Wo have proof ti this by actual experiment. KR. DODGE'S SUCCESS. ! Our Sou: hern fellow-citizens nro accusi touicd to assert that tho colored uian has two glaring faults?that lie will not work, and his presence casts such a blight upon chickens that no while man can profitably engage in raisiug poultry in tlio Southern States. Mr. James 0. Dodge, who rccontly emigrated from Natick, Mass., to Laurclvillc, Ala., has signally refuted the popular Southern cstiniato of tho colored man, and has succeeded uot only in keepiug chickens, but inducing thirty-four colored men to work for him without wages. Mr. Dodge arrived at Lnurolvillo lust Spring with tho intention of cultivating a farm. The local white population received him courteously and wished him evury sue cess, but they warned hiui that he could not iuducc a single colured uinu to work on his farm except at preposterous wages.? When he Qfi.tlially illLriulimml llm of chickens, they assured hirr that thero was an African church within a mile of his newly purchased farm, and that bo might as well try to kcop icicles in a hothouse as to rai60 chickens in such a neighborhood. Mr. Dodge was a stubborn man, and, withal, an ingeuious oue. He determined to proro to the Laurelvilleaus that he could do precisely what they said ho could not i * is- " * - - uv. xvouurumgiy, ne onerca to Dct with Judge Slemons that ho would cultivate his new farm with colored labor, and that he i would raise chickeos without losing a single ono by colored larceuy. The bet was taken, and Mr. Dodge wout to his farm and begun operations. I With the aid of tho Laurelvillo enrpen- i ter, Mr. Dodge built a magnificent chicken- i house, with accommodations for five bun- i drcd feathered guests. Tho wiudows were made so small that not even a consumptive colored boy could pass through them, and the door was of unprecedented thickness i and strength. In one side of tho chicken- i house Mr. Dodge required tho carpenters to leave a rouud hole of about two feet iu < diameter, for a purpose which he declined i to explain. Much pity was felt for him by his neighbors, on the ground that he was wasting his money in a vain attempt to struggle against the chicken-stealing genius of the colored people; but Mr. Dodge"guessed" he was all right, and "calc'lutcd" that his i chickens wouldn't be stolen to any great i extent. When tho carpenters had fiuishod ] their work and had gone home, Mr. Dodge i unpacked a large bundle which he had re- t cuivcd from the North, and after dark ho I filled his chickcu-house with three hundred I chickens, and locking it securely, wont to i bed. ! About 11 o'clock that night a leading i citizen of chickcu proclivities mado his way < into tho chicken house through the hole 1 _L. :.u U.J u? i.& ...... u. ..U.., quietly at the folly of Mr. Dodge in locking ] tho door, and at tho saino tiuio forgetting ] to close the hole iu the side of the chicken- ] house. When he had selected a dozen of the largest chickens, ho undertook to creep < stealthily out of the hole, bub found his I egress impeded by a series of sharp and projecting spikes, lie then realized that he llflfl hnnn nniirvhfr. In a frnn nf tlm oonm t>- - " '|"f ?'""V jjvucral Daturc as that pleasing variety of mouse- 1 trap iuto which tho mouse readily enters through a wire-lined passage, the pointed ends of which prevent him irom escaping. The leading colored citizen's estimate of white intellect underwent a sudden chauge, and he sat down gloomily in the corner of the chicken-house to iuvont some plausible talc which would account for his presence when tho inevitable moment of discovery should come. llulf au hour later the minister of the colored church entered the chickcn-house, and was warmly greeted by his predecessor, who was beginning to feel very loucsome. From miduight uutil dawn the arrivals were almost incessant. The fact that three hundred chickens were in Mr. Dodge's chickcnhouse was known in every colored cabio within a radius of two miles, nud tho oppressed race bad risen as one man and resolved to have those chickens. At halfpast three there was standing room only in the chickcn-house, and genthmon arriving after that hour were compelled to return home disappointed. After a comfortable breakfast, Mr. Dodge took his shot-gun and the key of the chickeuhouse, and procccdod to ascertain what luck his trap had brought hiui during tho night. To his great pleasuro, he found thirty-four able-bodiod colored men in the chickenhouse, and, after the most careful investigation, ho ascertained that not a chicken was 1 t If ? . ' missing. lie put no unpleasant questions to the colored mon whom he had caught, as to why they had crowded into his chickenhouse, but lie merely informed them that lie supposed thoy hud como to assist him in planting, and that he was greatly obliged , to them for their kind assistnnoo. At noou > Judgo Slemons and a dozen whito Laurel1 villeans arrived at the farm, and gazed with - amazement at the spcctaclo of thirty-four col - ored men working energetically in tho field When the Judgo was convinced that no ! ohiekcus had been stolon during tho night - ho frankly admitted (hat ho had lost his , bet. Since that day Mr. Dodge has never lost I a chicken. He has, however, only caught 1 a few sporadic colored men, and has thus 1 been obliged to hire most of his labor.? t Nevertheless, he has successfully refuted the assertion that no white man cau keep I r chickens in Alabama, and has on at least ono occasion induced thirty-four colored men to work for bini without pay. Whether his plun would bo permanently successful o if tried in other parts of tho South ia, cf i, course, uncertain; but there is certainly - good reason to supposo that it would greatly - increase the security of chicken property.? ?, N. Y. Timet. y "I sot mo down in thought profound this if maxim wise I drew : It's easier to pay si ui.an, than maik a man pay yu." oj^KBTSSEtr SLEET T The st^BpppSo of Lizzie Ci>11 ilis, a fift. en-yean jfeughte.r of Mr. Willi.un Collins, u wclHHBropUr bon county farmer who lives abotjflfluiilcs from Millorsburg on thej Rudl^HSftilla road, is puzzling the medical a remarkable example of what meutul philosophy as a double j^Jwfaonesa. This young lady has bconl^Hytovloce her birth, and on tho first Jadounry was confined to hor bed W^Hnioa} disease, superinduced by no oveOBftlvencss of tho delicate nervous Hyste^fb acutely sensitive, indeed, arc the her hack and legs that ^>c woigM^. hand laid upon the afflicted her to scream with pain. Dr. D. Q^^KijjLof Ruddell's Mills, who has been attendant since she was born^SHftaC barring a gcuer.il dolicutcueaa^fl^^Htttta^ntaal health is good. l.;JtWBP|iT*m,~T??-?t TutigsTso., are sound, ana alio has a good appetite. On one or two occasions since her first illucss there has been a relaxation of nerve paiu and her limbs aud back have so far resumed their normal condition that she has been allowed to leave her bed aud hobble about the house on crutches. About six weeks ago Dr. Eads noticed a Btrange phenomena in connection with the disease, nod called in tbo assistance of Dr. Kenney of Paris- At froquent intorvals, sometimes in the morning, but oftencr in the early evening, Miss Collins appears to fall into a somnambulistic condition, marked by a complete physical and mental metamorphosis. These chaugcs from one condition to another arc very sudden. The girl turns on her right side, doubles her right arm under her head und closes her eyes.? iler breathing is labored and spasmodic, a low moaniug is hoard, tho muscles above her eyes twitch convulsively and the corners of her mouth are drawn up. In this abnormal state the sensitive nerves appear to become anaesthetized. A brisk rubbing of the parts affected causes her no pain, and sho has several times leaped from her bed and walked about the house, soemingly without pain. Normally she is unable to put her feot to the floor. The strangest phase of the disorder, however, is the complete mental change which lakes place. She appears to change her identity, and becomes in reality another person. Normally sho is a very modest, morbidly shy, and retiring young lady, intelligent beyond her years, choice in her language, of a deep reflectivo mind, and I P 1 -T 1 .1 * 1 iyuu ui rtauiDg mc niguor class of prose ind pootry. While in a somnambulistic state tier uiind and manner both uudcrgo a radical chacgo. She acts like a child four )r five j'ears of ago, talks with an infantile lisp, is erratic, reads nursery rhymes with pa and ma whilo in this state, and her real parents, grandpa and grandma. Auothcr coudition of miud occasionally develops itself. She will sometimes call for her books and slate and proceed to study her lessons, do difficult sums in arithmetic, writo letters to relatives, &c., all with her eyes closed outirely. She recently wrote a letter of four pages to a relative and on reading it over, corrected several misspelled words. She is proficient iu the art of lace making, and manages her needle as deftly in the somnambulistic state as when in her normal condition. Wheu aroused, sho is always laughiDg, and before waking has frequcut romps with those near her bedside. She has no memory of her actions iu the somnambulistic state. Normally she writes with her right hand, but when iu a somnambulistic state vritcs with her left baud altogether, and iu either state pens a fine, but vory different handwriting. Dr. Kenney made a careful examination of her while in the state of somnambulism aud is convinced that her eyes are really closed, llo has never come across a similar case in his practice and Anows of no analogous case laid down iu the medical books. A representative of the Bulletin paid a visit to Miss Collins last Saturday, and is willing to be qualified regarding the truth of this statement. Numerous tests were made to discover whether there was any deception about her apparent somnambulism. A book was hold in such a position that it would havo been impossible for her to seo it had her eyes been wide open. A page was selected at random ; without hesitation she read it correctly, and described a woodcut illustrating the story. A newspaper article was read in iho same manner. Several articles were scattered about on the bed within her reach, but so situated that sho couil not see them. When asked to desoribo thorn sho did so instantly, picked up several when requested to do so, never hesitating or making a mistako. She successfully solved ono of the combinations of the "13?14?15" puzzle, moving tho numbered blocks to their correct notations al though sho could not even see the board. She .vrote a letter to a young lady friend, holding the pen in her left hand. Every letter was perfectly formed, and the words followed the ruled lines. Although this account appoars a littlo sensational it is nevertheless true in evory respect and not half of her strango freaks have been described. Miss Collius bears an excollent reputation for truth, is a pretty, intelligent and ladylike little girl, and is innocent of any attempt at deception.?Maytvillc (Ky.) Bulletin. Don't lot us bo afraid of onthusinsm.? There is more lack of hoart than of brain. The world Ib not starving ior need of education half as uiach as for warm, earnest interest of soul for soul. Wo agree wi'.h the Indian who, when talked to about having too much zeal, said : "I think it is better for tlio pot to boil over than to not boil at all."?CongrcgatlnnalUt. A mule's bond docs not contain a brain capablo of culturo and rcfinod resting, but it is wonderful to what an extent (lie other end of him can be reared. " - 1 _ i 8YNOP818 OP THB ROAD LAW Compiled for Ihe Use of the Superintendenta and Overseers of the Roads. Each township in the county is a highway district? anil uuilor the supervision of a Superintendent of Highways, appointed by the County Commissioners. The Superintendent holus his office one year, subject to removal for cause. He has the general supervision of the roads aud bridges in his district, and must report in writing onco every three months to the County Commissioners their condition. He must divide the highways iu his district into suitable sect ions of not less than two nor more than five miles each, and appoint an overseer for encli section. He shall also divide the hands liable to the road duty in his highway district into squals and assign an overseer to each squad.? As far as practicable the hands shall be asigned to their nearest road. Overseers to call out the bridges repaired, whenever he shall deem it neccessary, delcrmiuing the number of days required for each working, and the kind of tool each hand shall bring. The repairs on bridges is such necessary repairs as the hands can do to preserve them, or keep them in order. For neglect of any of the above duties the Superintendent is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction in a Trial Justice Court he is subiect to a fine of not less ilian ten nor more than fifty dollars. The Overseers, when appointed by the Superintendent, shall tako charge of the squad of hands to which ho is assigned, appoint a warncr, work the road under the orders and direction of the Superintendent. He shall report all defaulters to a Trial Justice for trial, and furnish the evidence of such default. For neglect of his duties, he is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction before a Trial Justice is subject to a fine of not less than five nor more than ten dollars. The warncr, when furnished by llio Overseer with a list of the hands, and apprised of the time and place of working, shall proceed to warn the hands by giving them personal notice of the time and place cf working, or a written notice left, at the residence, with some one of discretion. The hands must-Jtave not less lhau twelve hours notice of time and place of working, and the kind of tool they shall bring. All ablebodied male citizens between the nges of seventeen and fifty years are liable to road duty, for not more than tvvclvo days in each year. The hands when warned of tho time and place of working, and the kind of tool to be furnished, shall repair to the place and p.'occod to work under tho direction of tho Ovcrscor in charge. Any refusal or neglect to work (without justice or excuse) subjects him, upon conviction before a Trial Justice, to a fine of not less than five nor more than ten dollars, or imprisonment of not lass than fiva nnr mnro ?lif\n Imonlii ,ln?.n one dollar per day for each day of working, by working one day himself and furnishing ahorse and plow or carl two days, a wagon and two horses, mules or oxen three days. All fines paid fur neglect of working, and commutation iu money paid, shall bo expended upon the roads in the district in which the parties reside. The Overseers have authority to cut down and make uso of any timber, wood, earth or stone in or near any road, bridge or cause-way for the purpose of repairing the same, but not to cut any trees reserved by the owuers of the land for timber, or planted for sliado, fruit or ornament, either in tho field, around the spring, or about the dwelling house or appurtenances, or tako earth or stone from enclosed grounds, without the owner's consent. In all cases compensation for timber cut and used shall bo made to the owner thoreof, if demanded by him.? Any person who shall hinder, forbid or oppose the Overseer in working the roads, or shall obstruct the same with gates, fences, ditches or any other obstruction, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall bo fined not less than five nor more than ten dollars. Whenever any highway is suddenly obstructed, by storm or otherwise, the Overseer having the charge thereof shall immediately summon sufficient force to open and repair the same. If tho time required for this work shall be longer than the hands are liable for road duty in that year they shall be entitled to be paid one dollar per day for the excess, upon the certificate of tho Overseer. If iu the case of a sudden obstruction of the road the Overseer fail for more than one day, after being notified of the same, to have the obstruction removed and open and repair the road, 1.A ? 1..11 l. >. . ?r eft. I?II ?r ouuii uu nuiijt-ut iu u iiuo ui uiicvu uuuiw^, and if any hand fail, refuse or ueglect to turn out and assist in removing tho obstructions he shall be subject to a fine of three dollars?such fines to be collected before a Trial Justice, and expended upon the road in the district in which the parties reside. In cose of removal from one county to another, or from one highway district to another, the hand is entitled to credit for tho nnmber of days he may have worked in the county or highway district from which he had removed during that year. The residence of a person with a family shall be held to be where his family reside ; the residence of any other person, where he boards. .QaIiaaI Trnatnou anil Tnwnuliin Auapwanru bpa exempt from road duty ; also any person not physically able to do manual labor, the same to be evidenced by a certificate of some practicing physician. A Labuk Virld or Wiikat.?A short lime ago Geo. John Gibbon, of St. paul, Minn., made the assertion that 100 bushels of wheat had been raised on an acre of ground in the Territory of Montana. Tho statement having been received with incredulity, lie wrote to tho l'rcsi dent of the First National Hank in Helena foi proof. In reply ho received tho certificate o the President and Secretary of the Torritoria Fair Association that one James L. Kay, ot Lewh and Clark County, wns awarded first prcmiun for the best acre of wheat, being 102 bushels t< the acre. This is believed to be the larges yield of wheat on record. DEFERRED NEWS ITEMS. Ex-Einprcss Eugenie and suite embarked on the 25th ultimo, for South Africa to visit the scene of tbo l'rince Imperial's death. The Legislature of Mississippi has passed an act imposing an annual tax of three dollars each upon all bachelors in that State who arc over the ago of 25 years. It is to be presumed the object of the law is to encourage matrimony and to raise a revenue at the same time. A Nkw York Papku Advances ns SruscRirtion.?New York, April 1.?The Journal of Commerce announces that in conscqucuco of the large advancc in the price of printing paper und the increased cost of every department of news-gathering and publication it will return to its former rates.of subscription?$15 per annum. The previous rates were If 12. ai the*bar of an 'English TTotlrl of UkUU. Al his counsel was ending his defense tho prisoner rose, trembling in every limb, perspiration pouring off him, and ite screamed in agony :? "I see nothing. All is darkness ! I'm blind ! I'm blind!" There was great excitement.? The prcsidiug Judge ordered a physician to ex.mt.. Ik. * r J i- ?- *- " wiiuuu HIV t'uauuvi. uu WU8 IU11I1U 10 uc millfl. A Battle With Mexicans.?Chicago, April 1-?A fnccial froui San Antonio, Texas, says that news cornea from Fort Elwell, Lnsallc County, that a detachment of Hall's State troops had a fight on Monday morning at Crary and Case's ranche with Mexican desperadoes. The rangers attempted to arrest an offender and were attacked. Thirty shots were exchanged. Two Mexicans were killed or wounded. A young inan named Peter Johnson, recently from l'hilaphia, was killed by a strny bullet. Lynched in Kentucky.?New York, April 2. ?A special from Winchester, Ky., says : Ben Johnson, a young negro, was arrested on Wednesday for an attempt to outrage a rcspectablo young lady, lie had an examining trial yesterday and was held to answer to the circuit court an 1 sent to jail. He had caught the bridle of the young lady's horse at a lonely placo along the road and made desperate efforts to get her off the horse, but she struck him with her whip and escaped. It was with difficulty that the negro was taken to jail. About 1 o'clock this morning a crowd of thirty armed men overpowered the guard at the juil and took Johnson, and, after trying in vain to get a confession from him, hung him to a tree in the jail yard, where his body was found tbi9 morning. Grant in Oiiio.?Murat Ilnlstead is putting in his very best work against the third-termers in Ohio. He predicts that Grant would bo swamped in that State if nominated, no matter who the Democrats might run. "The Germans," sariffrar'tTiVmrtfito urc-tnwttj'A TrtfiiSmy't^wolican will be found voting for the Democratic nominee. The entire body of Jews are against Grant in this city, and you know they cast a large vote. I do not believe there arc a dozen respectable Jews in this city who cguld bo induced to vote for Grunt. With these influences in the llepublicau ranks agaisnt him, what hope could his groomcrs have of his winning the race ?" A Richmond Family Inherits the Puksh of Fobtunatus.?a special telegram In yesterday's Commonwealth stated that Kokomo, Indiana, was excited over a fabulous estate in Holland, which is believed to belong in part to citizens .of that country. The story is that the Kern family of Holland loaned a sum of money to the government, payable in niuety-nine years, and it is now due, making over two hundred millions of dollars. The Kern family came to Pennsylvania in the years between 1722 and 177C, and beirs arc now scattered all over that State and the West, one branch of which has made the discovery, now residing in Kokomo. Mrs. Dr. Isaiah 11. wuuo, 01 mis cuy, was a Miss Kern, a lineal descendant of the family of that name which settled in Pennsylvania. It is probable that there arc a large number of persons who will bo interested in this big bonanxa, but the enormous amount, if they succeed in ?ecovering it from the Dutch government, divided among all, will make each member of the family immensely wealthy. The claim seems to rest on a surer foundation than that of the Jennings heirs.?Richmond Commonwealth, March 28. A Sao Occurkv.mcb.?On last Monday afternoon a most tiagic affair happened on the plan tauon or Mrs. trances c. longuo, wno Jives in tbe North western portion of the County. Somo time during tho afternoon, a negro house in Mrs. Yongue's yard, in which there were two colored children, caught fire, and before any assistance came tho house, with the children in it, was burned down. It seems that every person had left the premises, and the children being very young, about two and four years of ege, respectively, were shut up in the house for safe keeping. Mrs. Yongue's son was the first to arrive at tho fire, and when lie broke the door open one of the children ran out of the house, hut fell dead when a few steps from the doer The other child was burned to death in the house, which was so far consumed that its body could not be recovered. Mrs. Yonguo experienced great difficulty in saving her dwelling house, as the burniug one was very near to it. Such shocking occurrences have been very frequent during the last year, and while they are generally accidental they should teach every one to uso the groutest forethought. Upon no consideration should children of such tender years be shut up in a house without a larger person with them, especially when there is fire 1 in tlio house.? Winnaboro Ncica and lltrald, April 1. r . ? f A Otilitoiuian't* matrimonial ndvertiso1 1~ P II uU i I i incut wum? u|> u? iuiiuwb ; roriuuo no ODs ject, but should require (he gul's relations to deposit one thousand five hundred dol, lars with me as security forhcr good bcha> vior."