The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, January 23, 1880, Image 1
,TII WEEKLY HftuiIOI TIMES..
> ,5) quoted to ^gqiqntlurq, gjoriiqutturq, gomqstiq (gqonomg, polite andjhe 'Current 2&tw of the Ban.
?LLI II. J.JJULJ!teBBEi III i 111 iilMIHf M , ', . , 1 ~^T~ 1" 1 * - '. ' -xUli.; V ^ISaS51...! WSttV
From the News and Courier.
THE CHARLESTON WHALE.
A SCIENTIFIC DESCRIPTION UY PROF. F. 8.
HOLMES.
The animal lately captured in this harbor
is a small whale about halt* grown and
known among the fishermen of Nantucket
as a "Staunt;" that is, neither a baby-whale
or calf, a mummy uor a bull. It is a young
male of the Greenland species, the R'ujht
Whole, the whalebone bearing whale, and
ij about half growu. It was named by the
great naturalist, Linuaius, "Buleena uiysticetUF,"
because instead of teeth it has a
series of laminated linrnv nlnt.'a #>r Knlnnn
in cacli upper jaw placed transversely, and
which hang pendant thorefroui; there are
neither teeth nor baleen in the lower jaw.
Whales have no scales like fish, but are
covered with a smooth skin. Frequently
you hear the remark from visitors, what a
big fish ! and a friend wUq had lately seen
the rcstorc<T~Jaws o%'iammHTi fbssil
shark, and its 500 teeth, which were found
in the marl beds of Carolina, and which
were exhibited at the late Industrial Exhibibitiou,
said to me that ho had greatly admired
it, but after seeing this whale he
could not believe it possible for the shark
to have been the largest of the two fish.?
My reply was, that the whale was not a fish.
Although the whale is entirely an inhabitant
of the sea, it is by no means strictly
scientific to call it a fish. The shark is a
true fish, and the fossil species being one
hundred aud fifty feet long, with a capacious
mouth, throat and stomach, could easily
have swallowed two such pigmies as this
"hobble-de-hoy" whale, which is only forty
feet and four inches in length.
NflW n Wilril (lr fivn nliniit ?I*
istics of whales and fish. Whales belong
to tho Linuioan class of mammalia. They
produce their young alive, and nurse them
with uiilk as a cow docs its calf. The female
whale, like all other mammalia, watdli
over and protect their young with great
care. The mother whale is often sccu followed
by twin baby-whales, whioh the sailors
call cubs, and these cubs genorally swim
one 011 each side of the mother.
It is not so with fish, which, on the other
hand, arc covered with scales. Their young
are hatched from eggs, (spawn) and the
young fish takes care of itself, as it derives
uo nourishment from the mother.
Another marked difference is seen in the
organs of respiration?the Lraathing apparatus.
Fish arc provided with gilis for
breathing the air in water, but whales have
lungs like all mammalia, and breathe atmospheric
air; they arc compelled, therefore,
to come to the surface of the water to
obtain it; hence their nostrils?or, as the
sailors call it blow holes?are found ou the
top of their heads. And just here again
it is well to remark that, when a whale is
seen to spout the water high into the air,
the water is not, as many pcrsous suppose,
thro vn f'rom itS lungs, but is forced upwards
by the air that has been breathed, that is, expired
from the lungs of the whale, which
at the very moment that we see the spout
may be twenty or thirty feet below the surface
of the sea. Such is the immense powof
the whale's lungs that this jet of water
is thrown forty and sometimes fifty feet
above the surface. The sound thus occasional
is ti?f> vvliiiln'u cnhcliliitA ('-? >
and, iu the ease of a violent respiration, it
resembles the discharge of a cannon.
There are two different kinds of whales
most sought after by fishermen. The
tireeuland or right-whale, and the Cnchelot
or sperm-whale. The former is the common
or whale-bone bearer ; and is more easily
captured than the sperm-whale, which
has numerous foiuiidablc teeth of ivory in
the lower jaw, but is without whale-bone or
baleen in either. Three other marked
characteristics distinguish these monsters of
the deep. The right-whale has no fin 011
its back, but the sperm-whale has one. Oil
is obtaiued from the blubber in the skin of
the right-whale, but only from the head of
the sperm. They spout the water differently,
one throws up two jets and the other
only one. The nostrils iu the one arc divided
like those in man, whereas, in the
other it is a single blow hole; thus the fishermen
know as soon as he sees the jet if it
be a sperm, or a right whale.
Iu the head of the speriu-whale is found
that valuable substance known as spermaceti,
of which our fine candles are made;
and strange to say it is from the diseased
stomach or entrails of this species of whale
ambergris is obtained* which is used in the
fiuc chemical perfumes, aud is exceedingly
valuable.
A full-grown ".Right Whale" attains the
length of from sixty-five to eighty feet, the
baleen or whalebone of the largest individuals
being sometimes ten or twelve feet
long, nearly one foot wide and about a half
inch thick.
Old whalemen say the number of plates
of baleen in the mouth of the Right whale
numbers exactly threo hundred and sixty,
five, one lor every day in the year j but this
is a fabulous story?a myth. The Charleston
specimen has three hundred and seventy-two
plutcs of baleen or whalebone in its
mouth, as well as I could count them, perhaps
there are a few inoro. Another story
is that the vertebral column or backbone
numbers exactly fifty-two pieces,corresponding
to the number of weeks in the year,
but of this 1 know nothing positively.
The infant whale is called a calf, but
when the longest plate of baleen attains the
length of three feet, the young whale is
called a ,\Staunt." The full-grown female
is a mammy and the male a bull; the,
Charleston specimen is, therefore, a "Stauiit/
a male with baleen threo feet long. The
entire length of this young whale is forty
feet and four inches. From its snout to
the base of the fins is ten feet two inches.
Under the abdomen, bet ween the fins, is six
feet five inches, the length of each fin is
six feet seven inches, and the girth of the
Imdy in front of the tins is twenty-two foot
f>ur inches.
As the body of this young whale, captured
in Charleston harbor only a few days
ago aud hauled upon au inclined way iu tho
yard of a ship-carpenter, lay almost upon
its back, it gave visitors an erroneous impression
of its form, its mouth aud its baIccu.
Tho top of tho head lay upon the
floor, and the upper jaws therefore under
the lower jaws ; the right fin stood erect
and looked as though the animal had a dorsal
or back fin, which is not so, this species
I I- -hi i- ai?
u.iviii? uu uuck. mi, niuiougu (.no spermwhale
has a small back or dorsal fin.
Enjoying means of progression so extensive,
living in u medium but little affected
by variations of climate, these animals arc
not generally bounded by strict geographical
limits which confino tho terrestrial
mammalia. Whales, it is said, do not attain
their full growth uudcr twenty five
years.
I have been fromicutly asked why this
specfcs is calfed the lti^ht whale, and I will
now reply : Ou board the vessel engaged
iu the whale fishery a man is sent aloft to
watch for whales, and one is kept there all
tho day. As soon as he sees a spout ho
calls to the officer ou dock and sings out
"Right" or "Sperm," as it may be, and this
lie kuows from the single or double jet,
which he sees; the cull is then made for
the boats, and if it be tho whale that the
sailors most desire the word will bo "Right!
Right!" but should it be a sperm whale the
word "Sperm !" will pass through the ship.
There is not so much risk in capturing the
right whale, but the sperm whale having a
iormiuauic sot ot tcctli, will sometimes turn
upon its pursuers and crush 4the boat, and
oi'tcn many of the sailors arc killed.
AN OLD WIIALEIl's ACCOUNT.
To the Editor of the Ncics and Courier:
There are soveral kiuds of whales. The
sperm whalo has one blow-hole on the lop
of its head ; teeth on the lower jaw with
sockets iu upper jaw for teeth on lower jaw
to fit iu. From ten to twenty barrels of
almost pure oil caa be taken from the head
alone. The fin back whale has a large fin
on its back, and is one of the most dangerous
kiud to attack. The humpback whale
has a large hutnp like a camel on the upper
part of its back. The right whale has two
blow-holes on its head. Its eyes arc just
forward of its fin ; it has no teeth; its mouth
and upper jaw arc lined with layer after
layer of bone with hair 011 the edges. It
cats its food by suction. Its food is a kind
of weed that nature has prepared for it.?
It docs not eat fish, shrimps and things of
this kiud, us I heard some people say. Its
lips arc thrown down, and it passes through
the water with its mouth open while feeding
and scoops this weed in and rejects that
part of it which it does not want. The age
of this whale cannot be told. They arc fifteen '
feet long when born. This is a male, and I
should say between two and four years old.
The female has two nipples ou its stomach.
It uurscs its young as a marc would. I
hnVA Sfon .'l whnlA nnreinir ire vannrr of coo
" _ o -v" j """o "" ov-"The
old whale lies on its side and the young
whale takes the nipple iu the corner of its
mouth. It is weaucd when it is three weeks
old. While it is young it is carried on the
Gil of the old whale. Very often the young
whale has to be killed before you can capture
its mother. I have seen three boats
stove by an old whale while defending its
young. The ship Essex, that sailed from
New Hcdford, Mass., in 1857, was sunk by
a whale that had been harpooned. This
same whale has sinco been captured and a
copper bolt taken from its head.
IIONV TO KILL A WHALE.
First, you must have a boat sharp at each
end, with live good mcu, four to row, one to
steer. The one at th j forward oar, just before
you get to the whale, must stand up
and throw the harpoon. The harpoon is
part iron and part wood, with a long
line attached to it. As soon as (he harpoon
is thrown the whale starts like the wind,
and at sea it always goes to the windward,
that is, in the wind's eye, as a sailor would
say ; you let your lire run out until it begins
to slacken, and then you pull up until
you get close enough to him to lance him
and kill him. The lance is something like
the harpoon, only a little different at the
point. About two feet behind the Go on
the side is the place to throw the lance to
kill. As soon as you have put*tho lance
home you must ''stern." (that is what it is
called,) roV backwards and keep away from
its tail, that is, a right whale ; the sperm
vou must look out for, the mouth and tail
both.
1IOW TO cur UP A WHALE.
Hun a tackle from one mast to its fluke
(tail) and at the head you fasten a strong
piece of wood and run a tackle from the
other mast. You cut oft' the blubber iu
strips as you would take the bark from a
piece of stick by turning it over and over;
the blubber is cut into pieces of about six
inches snuare and tried out with lartre brass
kettles. This whale (our whale) ought to
make about seventy barrels of oil and eight
hundred pounds of bone.
Tiiukf, Years a Whaler.
Cahf.i.ess Handlinu of a Pistol.?
Mr. dames A. Cray, of Laurens county,
and well known in this city, having been
for quite a long time a clerk in the store of
; James II. Morgan A Pro., accidentally shot
j himself with a pistol at the residence of
Dr. Drummond, in Spartanburg county, on
the evening of the 10th instant, lie called
on a young lady who was visiting at Dr.
Drummond's on the evening above mentioned,
and reached the house in a drenching
rain, and was wet through, lie sat by
a tire to dry himself, and taking his pistol
from his pocket, by some careless handling
it was discharged, the ball taking effect in
his breast, in the rcgioa ot the heart, inflicting
a dangerous wound, lie is now at Dr.
Drummond's, and in a critical condition.?
f/rmwi/fr ,\< irs, !"?//?.
. ?
Subscribe for the Tiutcs.
the hew depabtmeht of agriculture.
All Important Laio of Great Interest to
Farmers, Dealers in Phosphates and
fertilizers, Immigrants and Others.
An Act to create a Department of Agriculture
and defining its purposes aud
duties, and charging it with inspection
of Phosphates and regulation of salo of
Commercial Fertilizers.
Be it enacted by the Senate and ITouse
of Represent a tives-of the State of South
Carolina, now met and sitting iu General
Assembly, and by the authority of the
same:
Section 1. That a Department of Agriculture
is hereby created and established,
which shall bo under the control and supervision
of a board, which shall be constituted
as follows, to wit: The Governor, who
q K n 11 Kn nKaipmnn t Itn ootn* aP
WWH>. WW V?W j^trviw VM?I? UlUUj % * * V i'AUOIVI VI
the Stato Grange of.Patrons of Huat^dxfi,
the president of tho State Agricultural ?i3"'
Mechanical Society fur the tiuio being, and
two other persons to be elected by the General
Assombiy, who shall hold their office
for two years, and until their successors arc
elected and qualified.
Sec. 2. The Board shall meet for the
transaction ofbusiuess in the city of Columbia
as often as they may decui expedient,
but at least twice in each year; they shall
receive no compensation, but shall be allowed,
except the Governor, the sum of
three dullars per diem and fire cents per
milo actually.travelled, while engaged in the
duties of the Board, not exceeding iiftccn
days in auy one year.
Sec. 3 There shall be a commissioner of
Agriculture, who shall be an agriculturist,
lie shall bo elected by the General Assembly
and shall hold his office for a term of
two years, and until his successor shall be
elected and qualify; he shall bo paid a
salary of tweuty-onc hundred d? 1 ars per
annum, payable monthly, and shall give
bond with sureties conditioned for the faithful
discharge of the duties of his office, in
the suui of $5,000, to be approved aud filed
in like manner as the bonds of State officers,
lie shall be empowered to employ au efficient
clerk whose salary shall be $1,200 per
annum, payable monthly.
Sf.c. 4. The Hoard shall prescribe the
duties of the commissioner, aud said commissioner
shall observe all rules prescribed
and execute nil orders issued by said Hoard
not iuconsisteut with law.
Sec. 5. The board shall be empowered
to hold in trust and exercise control over
douations or bequests made to them for the
purpose of promoting the intcrc ts aud purposes
of this act.
Sec. G. The board may prescribe forms
for and regulate the returns of such county
agricultural societies as. may be chartered
by this State and furnish such blanks as
may be necessary to secure uuilbrm and
reliable statistics of their operations.
Sec. 7. The board shall have power,
aud it shall be their duty to prescribe blanks
and have them issued, through the commissioner,
to the auditors of the various counties,
with complete instructions for th 5 collection
of agricultural statistics and information;
and it shall be, and is hereby, made the
duty of the county auditors to fill all such
blanks in accordance with instructions sunt
and return the blanks, when filled, promptly j
to the commissioner of agriculture.
Sf.c. 8. The board shall investigate such >
subjects relating to the improvement of agriculture
and for the inducement of immigration
and capital as they may think proper,
including sheep husbandry, diseases of cattle
and other domestic animals and their
cures, the ravages of iuscets aud remedies
to abato the sauie, fences, reductions of cost
of same, &c.
Sec. 9. The Hoard shall hauo powo.* in
cases of contagious disease am mg any kind
of stock or animals to quarantine or have
the same killed and burned.
Skc. 10. The commissioner of agriculture
shall prepare and keep in the department
books of registry, wherein any person
may have en'cred, upon payment of registry
f rcc of one dollar for each tract or lot,
any real estate for sale, with terms, aud file
in the office any plats, descriptive papers,
&c., desired; also books in which may be
entered the wants of laborers seeking employment
or of employees* seeking labor,
the registry free of ojc dollar to be paid by
the person making it, and the books open
to the inspection of all persons free of
charge.
Sko. 11. The commissioner of agriculture
shall communicate, correspond and cooperate
with the commissioner of agriculturo
of the United States, and receive from him
and distribute most advantageous by allseeds,
documents and information.
Skp. 12. It shall be the duty of the commissioner
to collect specimens of wood, suit?1_
a* -- - f i
alio ior manuiuciunng purposes, agricuilural,
mineral and phosphatic deposits of
the State, and deposit the same in his room
at the Capitol, and cause correct analyses
of such as may bo deemed expedient to be
made and recorded in a substantial book to
be kept for the purpose.
Sue. Id. The lJoard and Commissioner
shall make an annual report of all the proceedings
of the department to the General
Assembly.
Skc. 1 1. The Commissioner of Agriculture
shall bo ox-offjoio Fish Commissioner
of this State, and be charged with all the
duties and invested with all the powers of
Fish Commissioner. lie shall appoint two
or more fish wardens in every county of the
State, who shall aid in the detection and
prosecution of all offenders against the fishing
laws, and they shall receive t>ue half of
the ncualtv recovered and naid in for anv
, I ^ . I ^
oflonee against said laws directed'j" by
thcoi.
Sko. 15. The Hoard provided for in the
first Section of this Act shall have supervision
over the fish interest and Commissioner
of this State, and with the supervision
and enforcement of the laws aud regu
lations which arc or tuay be enaoted iu this
State for the sale of commercial fertilisers
and seeds. * v
Sec. 1C. That the offico of phosphato *
inspector and that of phosphate agent be *
and the same arc hereby abolished, and that 1
the Agricultural Bureau are charged with I
all the duties dcvolviug upon said offices 1
necessary for the protection of the rights >
and interest of the State in the phosphate ?
rock and phosphatic deposits belonging "
thereto 1
Sec. 17. That the board and comuiis- ii
sionor ui agriculture shall liavo power and ?
authority to oppoiut a special assistant to v
attend to the phosphate department and t
royalty, aud said assistant shall receive a
salary of $1,200 per anuuin, payable *
monthly. t;
Skc. 18. That all persons or companies r
engaged in the manufacture or salo of fer- c
tilizors or commercial uiauures shall pay to v
9o?iu>is^i9ii<;r ryf agriculture twenty 6vo c
centswon lor every ton of such fertili- t
zer or commercial uiauures sold or offered 1
ior sale in this State, the Baid amount to *
be paid iuto the State treasury for the exclu- t
?ive use and benefit of the Oepartuicut of
Agriculture. Any person or officer or agent t
of any corporation neglecting to pay the s
sum provided in this section shall be deemed >
guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic- 1
tion shall be fined iu tho discretion of the c
Court, which fine shall be paid iuto the o
Stutc treasury for the exclusive use ond ?
benefit of the Department of Agriculture. v
Sec. 19. That, every bag, barrel or other c
package of such fertilizers or commercial
manures as above designated, offered for sale d
or delivered after sale in this State, shall n
have thereon a plainly printed label or *
stamp, which shall truly set forth the name,
location aud trade mark of the manufacturer, T
also the chemical composition of the con- t
tents of such package and the real pcrcen- d
tnge of any of the following iugredieuts ti
asserted to be present, to wit: Soluble and b
precipitated phosphoric acid, soluble potassa, v
ammouiu or its equivalent iu nitrogen, to- g
getber with the dato of its analysis, aud that t
the privilege tax provided for in Section
18 has been paid ; aud any such fertilizer h
as shall be ascertained by analysis not to c
coutain the iugredieuts and percentage set it
forth as above provided shall be liable to *
seizure aud condemnation, and when con- o
deuincd shall be sold by the Hoard of Agri- ?
culture for the exclusive use and benefit p
of the Department of Agriculture. Any
merchant, trader, 'manufacturer, agjut or n
persou who shall sell or offer for salo or f
deliver after sale or receive any commercial n
fertilizer without having such labels aud" f
stamps as hereinbefore provided attached c
thereto, shall he liable to a fine of ten dellars
for e^ch separate bag or barrel or packmjo
r.tr Ic, iu bo sued be*
fore any trlul justice, aud to be collected b
by due process of law. The amount so re- n
covered, after paying costs, shall be equally ii
divided between the party or parties suing ?
and the Department. o
Sec. 20. The Departmentot Agriculture t
shall have power and authority, at all times, t
to have collected samples of any commercial a
fertilizers offered for sale in this State, nnd f
have the same analyzed, and such samples b
shall be taken from at least ten per cent, f
of the lot from which they uiay be so- *>
lectcd. h
91 tb? .1..^.=1.-11 ? -?
i^nv* ma. i Ub uvj/ui Hil^Ufc Ollttllj U3 OUUII *'
as practicable, prepare a convenient baud o
book, with the necessary illustiative maps, ti
which shall contain all necessary iuforma- d
tiou as to the mines, minerals, forests, soils, p
or their products, climates, water aud water u
powers, fisheries,* mountains, swamps, industries,
and all such statistics as are best c
adapted to givo proper information of the u
attractions and advantages which this State p
affords to immigrants, aud shall make i 11 us- d
trative exposition thereof, whenever practi- f
cable, at International or State exhibitions, ii
Sue. 22. That all nioueys arising from o
the tax or licenses from fines and forfeitures, o
fees for registration of lands for sale or c
employment wanted, not herein otherwise
provided for, shall be paid into the State
treasury, and shall bo kept on a separate
account by the treasurer as a fuud for the
exclusive uso and benefit of Department of
Agriculture ; and until such fuud can be
made available as aforesaid, the sum of five ^
thousand dollars shall bo and is hereby ap- 11
preprinted to the support of this dcpartmcut
out of any moneys arisiug from the phos- 1
phat, royalty, aud to be drawn by warrant 0
of commissioner, countersigned by the Gov- "
crnor, ex-officio chairman of the Bornd of
Agriculture. ?
Sec. 23. The agricultural commissioner 1
shall in connection with his duties as enu- c
meratcd in this act, establish a depart- c
uicnt of mechanics, the object of which 1
shall be to prepare such statistics as may ^
????-.?l ~ ,1? 1. ?
UU Ul ^uuciill IlilClt'Ot IU tlll? UIU9S U1 WUTK- "
men, and furnish nil necessary information 1
tending to the development of this industry.
c
Sue. 24. That all nct9 and parts of acts c
any wise in conflict with this shall be, and r
tho same aro hereby repealed.
Approved December 23, 1870. j
*So written iu the act?a palpable error 1
for "employersa
tAn evident error for detected.
... I
Quite Competent.?It is related of a a
well-known merchant of a neighboring city c
luai, utter making ins will and leaving u 1
large property to trustees for his son, he [
called the young man in, and, alter reading |
the will to hiut, asked him if there was any 1
alteration or improvement lie could suggest, t
"Well, father,", said the young gentleman,
lighting a cigarette, "I think as things go
nowadays it would bo belter for mo if you
left the property to the other fellow and '
made me the trustee." Tho old gcutlcman |
made up his mind then and there that the
young man was quite competent to take 1
charge of his own inheritance and scratched
the trustee e'auso out. t
One cannot lay out his work to advantage,
rithout knowing precisely how he stands
rith regard to his business. Tho begiuling
of tho yonrin time for ascertaining it.
frequently an account of business is kept
or a mouth or two aud then uoglectcd.?
f it is only to cucourugc habits of regularly
and perseverance, it will be tiino w .11
pent to keep an account, not only of money
ffuirs, but a record of events for every day.
'his tcuds to beget promptness and system
n every detail of farm work, and in busi>c8s
affairs that foresight aud economy
rhich are everywhere the prime csscutials
o success.
Keep a record of tho event of each day's
rork, aud farm life. One of tho bovs or
;irls should do this. A book will be ueedcd,
ulcd with plain lines on which to make the
utrics; put down tho condition of the
reathcr, tho work done, and by whom ; purchases
and snles made, indeed, anything
hat may be needed for future reference, or
hat should be entered iu tho account book,
rhich will thus become a valuable and inercsting
record of the tarni.
Put down everything you possess, from
lie farm itself to the small tools nud utcnils,
aud value each item fairly. Eutcr the
noncy on hand, and also every debt owed
['his is the first work iu beginning au acount.
The property owned and money
r iaud, will be on one side of tho account
nd the debts on the other. The balance
nil show how the farmer stands. This ncount
of stock.
Purchases and sales arc entered in the
nily record, and from that into a purchase
nd sale book ; except tho transactions
rhicli go into tho cash book.
Every payuiont and receipt of money for
lurchascs, sales or for wages should be encred
in the cash book. This should be
,011c every evening nud before it is forgoten
j all these cutrics are transferred to a
ijdgcr to the proper accounts. The work is
cry simplo nud easy, and there are farmers
;irls who keep all their fathers' accounts in
he most accurate manner.
A farmer should try to make work for a
lircd uiuu, or soveral if possible. If ho
nu find profitable work for thorn he is uiak
r._ L! 11' % r ii -
ug uiuncv iur uiuiscii. ;l icw mourns
rages spent in procuring or making manure,
r draining, clearing off stone, getting out
tumps, or otherwise making the farm more
roductivc, will be well invested.
Keep the stables clean; clear out the mnurc,
and scrape or card off all the filth
rom the animals. The stable should be
lado so warm that tho manure will not
rcczc at night; a low temperature will
ithcr demand u larger auiountof food, or the
nitnal will fall off in condition.
If tho v-ut n? d inch lengths or
ven smaller, it will hold moisture, will make
letter nud finer uiauurc, and will keep the
11 i ma Is cleaner thau loug litter. The gain
11 the quantity of mnuurc in ouc year, the
aving in time iu the handling, and increased
ffectivouess of it will pay good interest on
he cost of windu\ill and a fodder cutter,
o do the cuttiug. l?ut if the stormy nud disgrceablc
days are chosen to cut up straw
or this purpose, an abundant supply can
c made. A broad axo can bo purchased
or $2.50, and with this and a block, n
henf of straw may bo cut into 3 inch chaff
a half a minute. Two persons, one to hold
lie sheaf on the block or plank, and the
ther to use the axe, would soon cut up a
ou of straw. Where hard-wood saw-dust,
ry swamp muck, or pine straw can bo
irocureu, these make excellent litter and
iianure.
Economy in fecdiug, is a very important
onsidcration. In souio eases half the feed
ised is wasted. Cutting the fodder has
iroved a saving of one-third to one-half.
Vhere but 10 head of stock arc fed, if the
eed of ouc third or one-half can be savjd,
t is simply a large increase of the resources
f the farm, and sufficient to pay the cost
f a good cutter and the time expended in
utting.
SOUTHERN CO-OPERATION.
Banana Grove Plantation,
New Lockport, La., >
January 5, 1880. j
To the Editor of the News and Courier :
Some four mouths ago I saw an advertiseacnt
in the Ilome and Earm, calling for
one hundred industrious men, accustomed
o farm labor, to form a Co-operative Assoiation
for hgricultural pursuits," signed
?h. Harung, at the above address.
Believing for years that the organization
>f individuals an J the association of their
nthreats was the vory corner-stone of succss
in industrial enterprises, 1 'opened a
orrcspondence with the above-named gonlemau,
and the results was that I left uiy
ionic in South Carolina und cauic on, and
in a member of the Co operative Associuion.
"
It is a remarkable, perhaps fortuitous,
oincidcnce, that the very first paper, or
:omtnunication of any kind, that 1 hare
eceived since leaving my home should be
The Newt und Courier containing Mnj.
Inrry Hammond's address beforo the
Jharleston Industrial Exhibition, in which
he necessity of the organization of capital
ind labor is so elaborately Bet forth.
The only difference is thai* what Maj.
lauiniond bus so thoroughly elaborated,
ire, so fur as his address is concerned, spe:ial
generalities if not simply ad captavdum
n their effects, whereas wo arc trying to
...a !. A!.. 1 1 * .1
mi mil practical appiicauon mo very pro?,
>ositious and scheme of operations which
le so distinctly affirms to be a necessity of
his age of progressive developments.
1). 11. Jamison.
?,
A Nkw Uaii.roai? Official.?W. A.
\iken. of Baltimore, has been appointed
general supervisor of the Charlotte, Coluui)ia
and Augusta Railroad, to take effect
>n the 15th inst.
"I'm engaged for this set," said the lun
o the rooster as she went clucking away.
AKOTHBft Bask
oT Cashier Rhoher ia tW LoaM|^^Hb
Hank is ascertained to be $67.0Q0.
itors will suffer no lose, and the bank protftlsei^Hw
to make the deficit good.
.#.
Kari.t Corn.?As an evidence of the remark
able mildness of the present winter, a stalk of
green corn, about six inches in height, can be
seen on the side of the pavement in front of the
post otlice. It looks ntraost as fresh and visor
oiis os crowing corn usually does in May.?
Chester Reporter.
.. ? ? ? A
RrvKst-kofinkshomt Moonsiiikk*.?Nashville;
January 16.?Collector Woodcock has received
information that W. A. Fowler, who wan
the guide through Wayne County for Deputy
Collector Ravin on l<in raid, was ambushed mud
killed on ltutton Creek yesterday, it is supposed
by moonshiners.
Tur. Maby Flant.?A new species of plant is
called the "bnby plant." Innide of its calyx is
a tiuy figure that looks like a baby, but there is
no further resemblance. It cannot squall, kick
and yell like a baby, neither can it croon and
crow like one of these little pink darlings ; but
we should rather have it in the house, as far as
a good night's sleep is concerned.
On Saturday last, seven or eight remarkably
well drepned negroes from South Carolina, on
their way to Topcka, Kansas, passed through
Atlanta. They attracted attention by their good
manners and neat appearance. They paid $83
a piece for their ticket to Topeka, and say that
a number of their frionds from Carolina will
soon join them in Kansas.
s?
Quosr or Swan.?Mr. J. II. ltarnes killed,
a few days before Christmas, in Caldwell's mill
pond, a wild goose, some Bay a swan, whieli
measured seven feet and five inches between tlio
tips of the wings, and five (bet and two inches
from the point of the back to the end of tail.?
This is tho biggest game yet brought down by
any of the hunters in these parts.?Chnslcr Reporter.
-??
School Claims.?An act passed by the Legislature
at its last session provides that any school
fundo now nr hnvonftnt* ranininini* In tka l.atwla
of any County Treasurer for any school dial riot
in this county; niter the payment of nil clnims
for school purposes for tho fiscal year for which
such fhnds respectively wore collected for such
school district, may be applied to the payment
of any claims for school purposes in and for such
school district.?Rrgietcr,
Tun Nkobo Exoih's.?Petersburg, Vn., January,
15.?A hundred colored emigrants arrived
hero this morning from Goldsboro, N. C., en
route to Indinun. The pnrly consisted of tnen,
women nnd children of nil nges and conditions.
Severnl hundred moro are shortly to follow.
Modilk, Jnnunry 15.?It is learned from reliable
sources that the exodus of negroes to the
North from eastern Mississippi has been over
one thonsaud during the past threo weeks.
Coitoji to de Shipped dt Weioiit.?In the
matter of the petition of Railroad Commissioner
llonhnm vs. the Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta
RnilronJ. involving the miestion of the right
w ?u- vvmrgeiTingTji ror cotton by measurement
or weight, Judge Mackey filed his
opinion this afternoon confirming the rule heretofore
granted, and the road will hereafter have
to carry cotton by weight. An appeal has been
i.lf.r.
. ?
Rewarding Fidelity.?Mrs. Sarah Turner,
who died in Chcrnw on the 19th ult., bequeathed
some rent estate and personal property to an old
colored woman who formerly belonged to her
and remained with her ever since emancipation.
This same old colored woman was hung up by
some of Sherman's men when Clioraw was invaded
by his army, and was requested to divulge
where the jewelry, tic., of the family was buried.
She persistently rcfnsec to do so, although
knowing where it was. She has tbns been rewarded
for her fidelity,?Marlboro Planter
A Youthful Planter Killed.?Franklin, La.
January 14.?To-dny Sidney Cole, aged about
I'd, owner of three-fourths of Chatsworth Plantation,
rode up to the gate of J. B. Wofford, the
manager of the plantation, and informed Wofford
that he had come to kill him, Wofford expostulated
in vain. Cole dismounted and advanced,
pistol in hand, towards the house. Mrs.
Wofford, realizing the danger of her husband,
called out to hiajto arm himself, which he did by
seizing a shot-gun. Stepping out, he confronted
Cole, who continued to advance, saying : "I
have come to kill you, d?n you ; I mean business."
Whereupon Wofford remarked to him ;
"If you mean business, here it is," at the samo
moment discharging his weapon, the load taking
effect in the breast of Cole and killing him dead.
Wofford immediately came to towm and surrendered
to the sheriff, bnt was afterwards discharged
from custody, the coroner's jury having
rendered a verdict'of excusable homicide.
Great Cotton Fire in Augusta.?At ten
o'clock on the night of the 13th Big Stevo
sounded the alarm of the ninth district, and a
bright light in the neighborhood of the Augusta
Factory hurried the fire department and a throng
nf nannla t auio w/1 ilia i 11 ?t*? ??< - - ? '*
VI |/VV|/>V ?V T?w. VI IIIU illUIIIIUUI OU OCV11UU. It
was soon found (hat the cotton warehouse of the
Augusta Factory was ablaze, the fire in some
mysterious way breaking out in the centre of
the long building and rapidly extended through
its entire length and breadth, enveloping the
contents in a roaring mass of flame. There was
in tho warehouse a large supply of cotton?between
fifteen and sixteen hundred bales being
in stote?and how the fire could have made its
appearance in the mass will perhaps never be
known. The total loss sustained by the Augusta
Factory will probably not be very heavy?
just how much cannot now be estimated. The
warehouse was built soou after the war, with
brick walls, slate roof and iron doorways, and
was regarded as fireproof and secure. It was
about 150 feet long and fifty wide.
The cotton was valued at about $80,000, upon
which there was about $00,000 insurance.
In n poem road by Hubert Grant nt the
recent reunion of the Aluntni of the Boston
Latin School was the following :
Our great public schools?may their influence
spread
Until statesmen uso grammar and dunces
arc dead,
Until no one dare sny, iu this laud of tho
froc,
"Ho done" for "he did," or "It's bcr" for
"it's she."
"What is hell ?" asked a Lutheran Sunday
school teacher of a hoy, in class, ln>t
Sabbath. "A shirt with a button off.
ma'am," replied the boy. "Explain yourself;
what do you mean, sir?" demanded
the meek spirited but surprised teacher.?
"Well, I heard my pa suy to my uia tie
other inoruing when he put on a shirt with
the neck-button off, 'Well, this is hell/?
That's all I know about it."
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