Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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. "A New Dkvartuhk."?Undcv the amltjjfeaptiou, The Columbia /{cgiittr, of Jauuary UW, tins to us quite aa interesting article. The article in question refers to a return to South Carolina of the many thousands who left the State during * the reign of corruption, and many of whom are now struggling for a bare living in the malarial districts of the Southwest. The writer shows hia love for his State and people in wanting ttroi^ to return to their old homes and has struck a responsive chord in our heart, for never without a feeling of sadnessj have wc seen any of our people leave, and the old landmarks which bound uslo-a splendid and revered past oue by oue disappear forever. We would gladly Wcloome back the old citizens Of Carolina who have found homes in other States, and would feel very proud in the thought that they esteem their native soil the'best of all lands they liavo seen. Tho article states that by far the greater number of those who have emigrated would gladly return to their native State, if they had the means, and explains how the railroads, manipulated by "emigration agents," gave spocial facilities to thoin to got away by the salo of emi grant tickets, but having reached their destination West, tbey could never return, if dissatisfied, except by paying full fare back. This has been tho rule up to this time, but now a change sccuis very probable. Major Houston, of tho Atlanta aud Charlotte Air Line Railroad, has visited Texas, and after great trouble and opposition, has succeeded in effecting an arraugement with tho steamboat ' lines and railraads between our State and *Pexns, by which emigrants can be transported hero, at less than tho average rates given to Texas heretofore. The people of South Carolina should all be interested in tlii3 movement for many and obvious reasons.?Florence Times. ComiNo to the Surface.?Senator Rayard and other astute authorities affirm that there is an immense amount of gold and silver snugly reposing under hearthstones, in hollow trees, in old stockings hid away under tho caves of cottages, in old pots buried in gardens, and locked up in strong boxes than any 0110 iiuag Mica. Ail 01 mcse ucposus, roauc wncn specie and paper almost nothing, arc gradually being drawn forth from their hiding places and resurrected, aud now will come in handsomely to supplement the scanty currency of the country. This is one good that has resulted from "resump tion." The pcoplo see lhat a paper dollar is as good as one of silver or gold, and have no longer any motive for rcliriug the latter. Iloncc many a tarnished coin will tind its way into active circulation ngain and goej its busy rounds, paying just debts, enlivening trade, starting new enterprises, and adding to the wealth and prosperity of the community. The supply from this source alone, which hitherto has been left out of the account in all financial calculations, will be T?ry considerable. Convention or Judges.?In accordance with the adjournment, the gcncrnl session of the Justices of the Supreme Court and the Judges of the Circuit Courts convened in Columbia, in the Supreme Court chamber, yesterday, at 11 A. M. Present, Chief Justice Willard and Associate Justices Mclvcr and Haskell, of the Supreme Court, and Judges Pressley, Frascr, Hudson, Mackey and Wallace, of the Circuit Courts. Chief Justice Willard was appointed chairman, and the Clerk of the Supremo Court re tJUUSlVd IU uvt US DtXI Uiai J, TJie following resolution was adopted ; Resolved, That each of the Circuit Judges be requested to call upon the members of the bar In the several counties, in which they may hold court, to hold meetings for the purpose of submitting to such Circuit Judge their suggestions as to any alterations or amendments to (lie rules of practice in the Supreme, Circuit and Probate Courts, and that at the close of their circuits the Circuit Judges be requested to prepare their own suggestions, which, with the suggestions of the bar, shall be submitted to this convention at its next meeting. A Move in the Right Direction.?Montgomery, January lt>.?In the Scnato of Alabama the following resolution was adopted yesterday: Whereas, interference by the officers of the United States in popular elections is justly regarded by the people of the State as an evil of greatmagnitude; and whereas such interference, in part, at least, is to influence and control the action of States in selecting electors for President and Vice-President of the United States ; therefore, Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign relations be instructed to inquire into the expediency of providing by law for the selection of electors for President and Vice-Prcsidcut by the Gencrul Assembly until the acts of Congress authorizing interference by Federal authority arc repealed. The Life of thf. Country.?The Richmond Dispatch takes a most hopeful view of the condition of tho country and its promises in the near future. We make tho following extracts :? There is so much of the conversation that has become fashionable concerning hard times and debt and taxes that the public mind has been inadvertently led away to a condition in which it is insensible to the reality, We all ignore to a degree what is present and what surrounds us. So it ever is. Men are prone at times to look on the dark- Bide aud to despond when they should hope?to relax energies when of all times they should put forth with sincerity the alacrity of their strength. ? ITarvey Terry Again.?Yesterday in the Supreme Court was heard a motion in the cases of Harvey Terry vs. the Bank of Georgetown. A motion to set aside the seavice of the summons bail bccu grautcJ by lVcawley, and Mr. Terry appealed. The amount of bank bills Involved was $30,124. The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal, on the ground that Judge rressley's order was founded on a question of fact, that question being whether the person served was the proper representative of the bank. Mr. Terry appeared in propria persona. Mr. 13. O. Toivnsend contra.? Col. Register. Tfie Stock Law In Ariierville.?Last Monday had been advertised for several weeks i s the day for the Anti-Stock Law Convention to be held in the court house. About 100 or 160 extra darkeys were in town, ami a number of our white citizens were here, but as far as we can learn there were, perhaps, not moro than 25 whites who came to attend the convention. No meeting was held, it is said, from the fact that they were without a chairman, and none of their numbor proposed to take charge of the meeting.?Press and Manner. Leo's Encyclical Lotter.?New York, January 29.?Some of the morning papers publish the full text of Pope Leo's encyclical letter.? It is said to have been written by the Pontiff himself, and the London Standard's Roman correspondent says it is a great subject of discussion to-day. Much of it gives reason to bcliove that thcro is to be a great change from the policy of Pius IX. Socialists, Communists and Nihilists are anathematized as n death-dealing plague that is creeping into all the fibres of human socio! v. * Tiif. Armjhiton Estate.?Alexandria, Jon. .10.?The jury in the Arlingthn case" have re- | turned n verdict for the plaintiff (Ocn. I?ce) for the whole property in fee. The defendants have moved for a new trial. She miccMa Wnior?im^ B. M. STOKES, Editor. | U-NIQX, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 7-, 187? TEBM8 0F SUB8CBIPTIOK. > 1 Copy, ou? year, in au vanck, >88-00 aCo^nojryr,- ? g.75 ui - ? * "?> % . i?:oo 4 } ADVERTISING. * On* square or one inch, first insertion, - - $1.00 Rach subsequent insertion, ------- 75 Liberal discount made to merchants and others advertising for six months or by thu jroar. Obituary Notices of ten lines or less, inserted free. " ' " (Over ten lines, charged as Advertisements. .? B@U Wo regret to state that Mr. 8 W. Porter, a prominent merchant of this town, is lying quite sick with pneumonia at the residence of Mrs. C. Goudclock, near Jonesville. Godey's Lady's Book. The February numbor of this magnificent magazine is on our table and filled with every us..- t?..cr.i ...?r..i .n.i t-l..in? T? lUltlg UVUUUUU, UuvtUl uuu ^Ikvtiwiuiiig. * like good wine?age improves it. The First to Bedaoe. We oro truly pleased to announce that our enterprising and liberal young merchauta, Messrs. F. M. Farr & Co., havo determined to sell the Commercial Fertilizers for whioh they are agent# ty-tlie satire prices tjr*y wejro ^ohl fbcjbst ronr.1 Seo their advertisement. ^ And Now the Daughter. We sincerely sympathize with our friend, Mr. W. T. llaldwin in his lute sad bereavements. A few weeks ago death took from him his devoted wife, and on the 10th of January, only a few days after her mother was laid in the grave, his interesting daughter, Martha, aged 13 years, was called from earthly matters and her body deposited in tho cold grave by the side of her mother. . . Next Court. Tho next term of Court for this County will commence on the first Monday in March, Judge A. P. Aldrich to preside. There are ten cases of capital offences on the Sessions docket, which will, no doubt, occupy the time of the Court for two weeks. There are also an unusually largo number of cases upon the Common l'lcns dockets, some of them very important. The Court will have a long aud busy session. Suddon Soath. Mr. Berry Pearson, a respectable and industrious man, aged 03 years, living on' Oilkey's Creek, after doing a hard day's work, at plowing, on Thursday last, went homo, cat a hearty supper, seated himself comfortably in his chair and immediately fell forward into the fire.? Notwithstanding every effort was made to resuscitate him, he did not speak after he fell and died in a few minutes. A sudden attack of heart disease is said to he the cause of his death. Death of a Good Lady. The Thornwell Orphanage met with a very great loss on the the l(>th day of last month, by the death of its devoted and beloved Matron, Mrs. Mary J. Jacobs, wifeof Rov. W. 1\ jacoDS, the founder and head of (hat truly philanthropic and christian institution. Although only 35 years of ago at her death, wo doubt much if any ono Lady has ever accomplished more good christian work and carried to the grave more pure affection from friends. ? m Personal. We were pleased to shake the hand of the retired Editor of the venerable Spartan?don't transpose the adjectives?C'apt. F. M. Trimmier, who spent last Tuesday in Union. The Captain does two things well?conduct a newspaper and is a first rate Clerk of tlio Court. If he'd only get a nice young Lady to sliaro the honors and emoluments with him, he could be recognized as a full-grown citizen. Such a clever man should not bo allowed to "waste his sweet ness upon the"?sea of celibacy. Oct married, Frank, and enjoy tho rest of your life in homelike slyle. The Baptist Supper. We forgot to mention, that the Hot Supper given two weeks ago for the benefit of tho Baptist Church at this place, was not only a very delightful affair but a complete success. Everything went of satisfactorily and everybody went away satisfied. The congregation propose giving n similar entertainment on the first Tuesday of Court. The object of these festivals is to raise funds to paint the church building, which it has wanted for some time. Not alone for the preservation of tho building, but for the respectability of the town evorybody should lend a helping hnnd?particularly those who aro fond of roast Pig, Turkey and pretty young ladios. They were all there at the last supper and a few of the same sort aro left for tho next. That Tin Wedding. For the lifo of us we cannot get up an article that, in our opinion, would do justice to the magnificent entertainment given by our esteemed friends Dr. M. P. and Mrs. Boyd, on the 20th ult., the 10th anniversary of their wedding day?their Tin Wedding. Wo can only say it was truly a delightful and grand affair, In all respects, and did honor to tho tasto and liberality of the Dr. and his good wifo. The supper table was undoubtedly the handsomest ever seen in this section, and everything upon it did credit to tho culinary experiennco of Mrs. B, showing conclusively that in ton years she had learned how to please the Dr. and his friends. The gifts wcro numerous?useful, ornamental fpd appropriate?from a tin-wire pot cleaner to a handsome tin chamber set. While every one enjoyed a delightful evening, none appeared happier than the host and hostess, who did not seem to know the difference between the first and the tenth wedding night. We sincorely hope they will lire to celebrate their golden wedding and enjoy it as muoh as their friends did their Tin Wodding. It is not likely that wo shall be there. The increased prico demanded for commercial fertilizers is causing our fanners fo buy less this season and roly more upon home-made manures. ?Spartanburg Herald. ii u i ? tiw' in in ttjMtaluior?Sieknosi. 4 rWfcm all parts of the State, and, we can saf?? I Q& MT Mgr> all parts of the world, we learn that the hal Masher has been uncommonly changeable ever fie nf i the vfintc* set in. The ohianges have been in] sd sudden and extrenio that the thermometer his, in many places, varied, in the short time of pe ^Mgehojirs, (Vom 16 to 20 degrees. The re- |Jr rs<ftt hasTteen much sickness from severe colds, often ending in pnuomonia and other diseases h, of the lungs. Scarcely a family in this town? rei and we sec it is the same all over the State?has w' escaped having ono sufferor, and often every * j member of a family has been attacked. These fr colds have all the symptoms of Influenza, which Sfa was so prevalent and trying everywhere some ^r years ago. In such trying weuther, people cannot be too careful in reguliting their clothing. <tt It is essential to keep the feet warm and dry ly during the cold weather?particularly when it is cold and wet?and tho body well protected. jr It is often tho caso that at a sudden change from be cold to wu-m weather, persons drop off a win- w? ter garment or two, for co nfort, but it is a dan- j" gerous practice. Better be a little uncoinforta ... ble from bent for a day or two, than run tho tr risk of being laid up in bod n month or two 'with a bad cose of pneumonia, which so ofton termiuatosjiu death. Koep vour winter clothing ^n untillbe winter is well c^er^ait^ don*t uh- of dortako to keep up with the fashion of the gy weather. It is so fickle that you can't depend i . on upon it an hour at a tunc. I Bats in the Meal Tnb. fj One of the most successful rat hunts we've he heard of for years, was had by Mrs. Jacob llice ar last week, and wo think she is entitled to a pa- P" cli tent for her rat trap. Mr. Hice is a Carpenter <Q and, unlike the shoe-maker who allows his wife t|, to go bare-footed, he takes delight in having \ things comfortable at home, so far as his ingo- J,'1 nuity and labor can provide them. IIis meal bin is not so large across, but it is deep, and when p.. the meal is low in it it is death to any rat te that goes down to it, for there's no clianco for him to jump out. One day last wock, on going y to tho bin, Mrs. Rice was awfully frightened at n, seeing the bottom literally lined with rats; < and tficy become as much frightened nt finding } themselves in a trap. Calling in some help a t bloody battle commenced and raged furiously for about twenty minutes, when every mealymouthed rat was a tempting morsel to any hca- ft' then Chinee, at tho bottom of the bin. There ^ fell in that glorious battle seventeen voracious tc rats, and not one got away. S ai Opening a New Trade. 11 On Wednesday last a car load of large Black ei Walnut logs from tho mountains passed through here for Charleston. This is the first shipment ^ of the many fine species of timber in which the e mountains of this and our sister Siato abound. p We have always believed that the magnificent l' timber of our mountains would become the most ^ c profitable part of their productions, and we are 0 pleased to chronicle tho opening of a trade bo- b tho J il>ni will I eventually contribute so much to the wealth and " industries of both sections. In a few years tho buzz of the veneering saw will bo as familiar in tl cur mountains as the echo of the axe. Tho very stumps from which those logs were cut will be worth almost as much as the logs, in furnishing p the beautiful gnarly panncllings as much ad- J mired in furniture. ^ r Sown on tho Phosphate Companies. n The (ireenville Netcs of Tuesday contains a '1 long report of a spirited meeting of the Farmers y of that County, held the day before, in opposi- a tion to the incrcnse of price now demanded by * the manufacturers of Commercial Fertilizers.? ^ If tho Farmers of Grocnville slick to the pledge ^ they have taken, viz: "that wo will not during (] tho present year, pay any additional rate, cither p by exchange of cotton or otherwise, for the 11 some grade of commercial fertilize/, above that 8 paid by us uuring the past year," there will not h be many Ions of tho "commercial" stuff sold in r Greenvillo in 1870. But getting them to slick is the rub, we aro sorry to say. We aro afraid ? tbero arc many farmers who would give lOOOlbs I of cotton, on a credit, rather than do without n fertilizers. . ? " The Rapid Growth of Texas.?The vote of Texas at tho recent State election aggregated 240,812, an increase of 39.C43 over tho l'resi- 1 dential election of 1870, or 14, percent., which n the (ialvestun Neics thinks, indicates a popula- v tion in November last of at least 1,085,000.? J When it in remembered that a very full vote was } polled at the Presidential election, whilst at tho ^ recent Stale election there was but little organ- " iied opposition to the Dcmocratio ticket, it is c safe to conclude that the vote of Texas has in- T creased 10,000 in two years, which indicates gn increase of population in that time of between 300,000 tad 400,000. jmf ? ?* . Si norton Fatality A mono Swine. ?On Wed- * nesday night eighty Western hogs in prime order left Augusta for this city, being fed, and f changing cars there. They wero placed in an open boxcar, with abundant ventilation. Upon arrival lire, on Thursday morning, they wero all fouuq dead, being piled on the floor in some 0 places tlrco deep, foaming at the mouth, and c all of tleir noses pointing to one of tho two v doors. They were purchased by L. Dunncmann, to bo us *i as manure. The facts being reported ( to the a lief of police, measures wore taken to y ensure I heir being applied to no other purpose. | ?NewJand Courier. c Sai> Bereavement.?Mr. John J. Harrison, a jroungfgeuiiGinuu, uiiiYcrBiuiy kiiuwu nuu u?loved in our community as "Johnnie," departed* " this life, at his luoliter's house, on Sunday * morning lost, aged twenty-five years?after a e very ti>ng and wasting illness, lie was the eldest or the two sons of the late Col. Stuart iiarri- a son. The younger, it will be remembered, was ( accidentally shot and killed only two months T back. This is terribly sad. And an invalid ? dfother aAd an only daughter are now left alone f lu tb# world.?Edgefield Advertiser. j h When Congress passed the pension bill, by ( which from fifty to one hundred and fifty mil- a lion dollars are to be spent, it was actuated more by political than patriotic considerations. The pensioners are to some extent suppositi- C tlous. Why did it not have fairness and back- a bone enough, neks the Wilmington Star, to vote v a ponsion for the five or six thousand Mexican t veterans who served their country faithfully in 1 the past, and added glory to the nninc of an p American volunteer? Tho whole movement Is fc an electioneering scheme. r hi lajl. 1- *, 'ju. ? 'i.. . f rtae oy^urr rssidknt 1'ooxd at. Last.?a I rfospoaWntof the EdjrjUld AdvtrliMtr, who i beon traversing the "dead liills" of EdgeId, gives the following account of th| ''oldest f< habitant" of thatboatfty : Mrs. "Milly" Carpenter is now the oldest ^ rsonstn ell Edgefieldt She will be one hpn- 0 ed end four years old next month?having tl od\>orn in February, 1X76, in Nortfi Carolina. n ;r name before marriagw was Emilia Shefleld. ? it father was a Virginian. Both of her pants lived to an advanced nge. Mrs Shefield, e en in her ono hundred and first year, sent a jrd to her relatives in Edgefield that she could n 11 "spin a gal's task." It has only been a . tv yoars sinco Mrs. Carpenter quit weaving.? 1 ie told me that she hoed two gardens and an 8 ish potato patch last year. Slio was at the n >od pile picking up splinters end chips when ? rode up to hor premises, the other dny. Her t nanncr of salutation" was romarkably sprightand cheerful, for one who has seen the frosts * ' over a hundred wintors. Cut of a family of c e sons and ono daughter not one of her chil- p en is now alive. Her oldest son would have en SO next September, and her youngest child ^ juUtliave been 07 next October. She has I red in Edgefield 77 years. Her residenco is I the piny woods, and about 11 miles South of t lgefield Village. Mrs. Carpenter says she r usts in tho Lord, aud has uo dread of death ' .?. A Littlh Oamk that Did not Win.?Sunday I me wagbuersffrom North Carolina remained a orJiorc. Thejr encamped on ? ygggpt lot in rear t < the New York Store. A boot JWfsdrtwo no oea came up to the camp, and one of them exbited some cards and said Bpno of the wag- 1 lers that there would be a son of Lottery here t -morrow s^d ho oould win ten dollars by < awing out a certain card. The wagoner resed to have anything to do with the matter as 1 > would not bet. An accomplice then came up 1 id said he would bet ten dollars, but tho first r irty, not having so much money on hand, in- ? iced the wagoner to lend him Bix dollars. As on as the game was over, and the money won, ( c negroes ran off, carrying all tho monty.? Iter dark they came back, but on their return t e wagoners arrested them under authority ] om tho Sheriff. As coon its this was done ;arly a dozen others, belonging to the same mg, commenced throwing stones, and attcmp- d to get up a general tight in order to rescue ( ic arrested parties. Marshal Taylor and Kim- \ ell were soon on hand, and they nrrcstod Ilig . alentinc and ltobt. Allen and put them up for io night. They were brought before Trial Jus- 1 cc Leggo Monday and the third party, Morris 1 rcston, was also arrested. They aro all now i jail bound over to the next term of tlieCoun- . r Court.?Spartan. In tuk Savannah Wkkklt News.?Of Fcbrury 1st was commenced a New Serial Story rabsorbing interest, entitled "Worpand Woof," jr Miss It. J. Philbrick. This beautifully writin intensely intorcsting story, illustrntivo of outhern character and Southern life in town iid country, will run through several issues of io New*. The Weekly New* is one of thelargst and handsomest newspapers in tho country, eing an eight page sheet 38 by 52 inches.? .nother feature of especial interest to our lady sailers is its New York Fashion Letters by au ccomplished lady writer. Its Agricultural Doarlmcnt, its careful compilation of the news of le day, foreign and domestic, its reliable maret reports, eJ Aerial comments, and choice miscllancous readings, make the Weekly New* oue f the most instructive, entertaining and vnlualc newspapers. New subscribers dosiring to commence with io new story should send in their names at nee. ? Subscription, one year $2. Weekly News and io Southern Farmer*' Monthly one years $3.50 ddress J. II. ESTILL, Savannah, (la. - ? The Knife.?A serious cutting affray took lace at Ninety-Six last Saturday between Dr A. . Walls, of Laurens county, and Mr. Thomas . I'uckett, in which the latter was seriously, terhnps mortally injured. The unfortunate ffuir occurred in Pope's counting-room and urinated in a dispute between tire parties as to ill on wheat threshed by Mr. Puckctt for Mr. I'atts during tho fall. One word brought on notlier and tho "d d lie" given by Dr. Watts rhicli brought on the fight. I'uckett said that o didn't lake such talk from nny one and starid to turn upon his adversary who plunged his nife into him, seriously outting him in the abloinen nnd producing injuries which may yet rove Tatal. After he had been cut Mr. Puckett Itrcw Mr. Watts to the floor and siosed him by he tliront but the parties were separated by oine bystanders. Mr. Puckett was removed to is home at Swansey'a Ferry inja wagon?Abbeill e Medium. .*. "Tiik Mas or the 12th Mat, 1864."?"Gorlon's March," by Prof. Henry Schoellcr, of talton' Ga., nnd dedicated to Gen. John 11. Goron, "The Man of the 12th May, 1804," is just eceived from tho enterprising publishers. Adlirers of "Gallant Gordon" land that compriC8 the Solid South.) will bo delighted with the ifc-like lithograph that adorns the superb milita y title page, nnd the March itself has the true lusical inspiration. Prof. Schoeller couldn't rrito poor music if he tried and this brilliant larch its worthy of its natno and nuthor. Brass lands are already pluyiug it and it will soon be leard from thousands of pianos through the louth. Sold by ajl Music Doalcrs, or send 40 ents to the publishers, LIidden & Bates, Snanuah, Ga. No IIioii Priced Fartilizkr for Edorfikld. -A very large meeting of farmers in Kdgoflel d esolvcd that: "We will not purchase nor tak e rith the condition to deliver ootton in the fall y vmy of payment, (luring this year, a single cm nil or more of any guano or agricultural ferilizcrs, front any guano company or individual ealing in guano or agricultural fertilizers in his State or any other State, unless the price f the guano or agricultural fertilizers is redued to the same reasonable scale of charges at irhich every other useful article is now selling." Gov. Simpson on tiik Stock Law.?It is said hat recently a petition was sent to Governor iinpson to postpone the operation of tho Stock ,aw in Laurens County. This petition was arricd by a committee and presented to hiin in erson. The Governor said : "Tho bill hns nssed?it is the law. I ouldn't stop it if I rould, and-I wouldn'tjif I could. T.et it alone nd you will find that it is tho best law ever nacted for your section of country." Bcnxtxo out tub Plauuk?London, Janury 81.?A Vienna dispatch says: "It is staed that Prof. Botkin, physician to the Czar, adises the burning of Wctlianka and other villacb wliero the eniilcmic has broken out. with all ho furniture in (hem, and the removal of the nhabitanta to healthy place*. In spite of the leavy expense that such a scheme would involve, ho Czar is said to be disposed to follow Botkin's dvice." ?> At the Scenr or His Vandalism.?Atlanta, la., January 29.?General Sherman and party rrived to-day?his first visit to the oity since the rar. Several thousand people congregated at he depot, where they went out of -curiosity.? 'here were neither cheers nor signs of disapirohatinn. The parly will attend to-night a all given in their honor at Mel'herson baraoks. ? 1 > x a.u ij-u i3h>"ii? -o? a For |Jie Tunes. ' Building Bridges, t built stone abutments on tho piling wooden ^ )undatiou pitta on Fair Forest, near Oen. I, # ] lenn's, a shqrt distance above the County line. ' J he situation had no hard foilig^ation at a depth f some fifteen feet, the mire soundings showed lie banks to be vefy soft, sandy and deep. Tho iany bridge builders around that plu< a, Frank . ^ fost, James Williams, Mr. IIare, MoDowII, Qen. Qlenn, and persons generally, strongly sorted that these stono abutments, could not bo jade to stand, extending as they do about two jet into the water's edgo, resting on very deep, oft sand, Tho June and ether freshets have not * loved tho abutments the eighth of an inch. The 4 rst cost of this improved pi ah was no more ban the old wooden plan, white the future oost d rebuild the wood will not exceed one-fifth ost, to rebuild on the old plan. The first lead* ng want in bridgo economy is ''Mod* and diri Jbutmcnts, to shorten the bridgwiM much as >ractiblo as above said ; next to tBiIs is Ston* tiers, their distance apart to vary as the varied iircurostanccs of the situation may demand.?> Hio Iiowo Truss, or the Lattice,? or ihe Utley tridge, can be uiade to span from 50 tq460 feet, ! have seen many wagon bridges with 150 feet t pans, the older ones built og the Lattice plan, M Ignore reeeqt built on jtho^Kbwe trass plan, vhlch, for some^ rtnsoits, 1 like bNhr thaft the Jtly or the Lattice bridge, wHi adrift Its adopt ion. Where the situation oalls for-Vepan 'est, the bottom cords, especially, shouldvHjBloe nuoh larger ; the braces, however, not to be ncreased in sixe but little, as it would give them in unnecessary weight on the long span, they to >o much longer, the top cord to bo much higher >n long than short spanB, and muoh less than .lie bottom cord in any length of span, as its 'unctions require much less strength than the >ottom cord. When the lower cord is 13 inchss iquare the top cord Bhould bo about 8 by 10. L'lie usual practice, however, is 10 by 13 for the fop. I introduced several of the Utly span bridges in Spartanburg County in 1875-G, but in every instance specified the top cords, braces, needle beams and short sleopors to bo much lighter than Utly used in this County^o dispenso with what I considered dead weight.? Boon after the freshet of '52, a Northern man built a sort of solf sustaining bridgo at the Hurricane Shoals, Pacolel lUver, using very long, heavy and very Hat running braces, rising only about 3 J feet in 20; soon after this the same plan was adopted at two other places on the river, one close above,' the other close below Trough Shoals, and all thrco of them wcro rebuilt aucw en the same plan. It did badly in both the first and second building, as soon as the work began to get a little old, and it took twenty years to school these people, that the plan was a very inferior oue. 1 mention this to show how long a time is frequently required to teach a people what is worthless or inferior. It is now entirely abolished, and the once lovers of it can uow look back upon it and their bliudness. I never did like it, because the plan was contrary to the clear teachings of the science of mechanics. It is laid down by an able author that the strength of a stick of timber is as tho square of the depth, directly as the width, and inversely ns the length. 1 presume tho author means these laws of course only to apply to short length sticks, as (he tctiyht of one -10 or 50 feet long would so lurgly enter into it ns to materially change the above rule. Therefore, it follows, according to my theory, that great lengths, oithcr iu a sleeper or self-supporting span, on the llowe truss, the Lattice, or the Utly plan, that all dead weight should ho discarded ; that the dimensions and proportions ot tho different parts should be such rise only as to perform tho respective functions of the different parts. The bottom cords of any of the (ru9s spans performs a different function to that of the top cords.? Tho foot of the braces on the former strains them to make them longer, while with the latter tho braces push to make them shorter. With this difference, the bottom cords require to be much stronger to make them safe from giving down or breaking. A very similar principle exists with regard to a sleeper 40 or 00 feet long. My theory is, that a sleeper of great lengbt will be stronger to have the top edge not more than 4 or 6 inehes thick and the bottom odgo 8 or 10. The effect of "weight ou the under edge is to strain it upart whtirA thn hrAfilr firat Kswina ?? * u ~ * ? .... ?U lue ?U|? edge it is pressed together. Therefore, with, these quite different functions, much lens material is required to porform the demands of tho upper than the lower edge. Some may differ with mo ou this, but 1 am very sure I am correct. I got out my Trough Shoal bridge sleepers in this sliapo in '61. llut, however, the old sleeper bridge is in many places passing away, and 1 have mainly referred to it as above to call attention, that a very similar principle applies to the Truss bridge, not to weight it down with disproportionate weights, &o. If this be not attended to, with othor defects in the planning, with sorry workmanship, the material a little inferior, put up on wooden trusels and they on bad foundations, the money hod nearly as well be thrown in tho river or the tire, llut, on the oth- ^ er fiaud, with stone abutments, and in some " * places stone piers, with a Truss bridge on this, covered in, with all parts well planned and thowork well executed, would make a bridge that would last the oounty half a oentugp ; while the ? first cost would little more than double the cost of the inferior, the latter being much more subject to freshet damages, in connection with its rapid decay, and much more exDoses the trustle to accident. Out tome will say, to invest bo much in a bridge and it so liable to wash away, would not pay. In reply to this I beg to say that to no part of mechanics have 1 devoted a higher degree of research and study, than Hydraulics, or, in other words, the laws of water ia> motion, and can truthfully say that I have never had a piece of my work to give way by freshetsr bridges, mill-dams, or mills, where the work was done as directed; when, too, muoh of it I have done at the most difficult places. In several cases my stonejabutments, in Spartanburg County, wore damaged by the June freshet in '70, but in every instance was owing to the very defective work. The other two Commissioners requested me to examine plans and specifications of several biidges in their divisions, but, very strangely they saw fit not to have me to examine the work, and they received the most defective work; even went so for as to over-rule by mojority the exception of sorry work or liue bridges between ns, which ef course, gave way by the freshet. After this, they and some of the bridge contracters com binded and placed the fault in my plana, instead of bad work, and to my surprise they succeeded In moulding muoh opinion to their very erroneous riew. I mention this to show how easy it is for men of limited experience and opportunities in mechanics to be gulled with sorry work. I boldly challengo any one to show, by competent judges?the best millwrights and stono mesons in this or Bpartanburg Counties?that the fruit of this weak stone work was in the plans, [COXCLUDKIi NEXT WEEK.]