Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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M| * ^iat latfii *uauu( caseA Compromise Probable Without Prejudice to tiie State. Washington, July 30.?Notwithstanding the auoounccd purpose of the l'rcsi dent ?o assert the sovereignty of the Federal H^ovemment and to rcuiovo the South Car'ol-itta iuterual revenue cases to tlio United 'States Circuit Court, there has been a 'Strong feeliug to-dry in official circles that 'this line of aetiou may be after all abandoned, and a solution of tho existing difficulty reached iu another way, without further issue between tho'Fedoral and State authorities. Nothing defiuite regarding rv *"'A* this can be ascertained, but the fact that the matter is seriously discussed iu aduiinistratioiPturqics gives some credibility to the story. The Administratis is very desirous of QYoidiug a conflict or raising an open issue with the State of South Carolina, and there cau be no doubt the President will avoid one, if he cau consistently with the duticB of his office, as ho understands them. It is hinted, but not officially, that the cases may be compromised without prejudice to the Slate, uud this may account for the delay iti the proceedings. Commissioner llaum received, to-day, a long letter regarding these cases from District Attorney Northrop, the text of which he would not make public. J udge Northrop takes strong ground in favor of the sovereignty of the Federal Government in these cases.?Baltimore Sun. Wusk Instructions from Commissioner IIaum. Washington, July 29, 1878. IK. II. Chapman, Es<j.} Revenue A'jent, Greensboro', N. C. : Now that you arc about to assume charge of your division, I deem it proper to place in writing tko verbal statements I made to you before you left this city. I earnestly desire that tho internal revonue laws shall bo cuforced peacebly and quietly and without the necessity of using an nrmed forco. This can only be done where the officers arc supported by a public sentiment fuvorablo to tho observance aud enforcement of the laws. I wish yoa to visit the Counties of Pickens, Greenville, York, Spartanburg, Anderson aud Oconee - cm 13tip* 1? n* ' * *5Iott may think proper to suggest, and there confer with leudiug citizens and cndoavor to interest their sympathies in be halt ot the observance of the laws, and a peaceful and orderly enforcement of thorn. I desire that you Bball put yourself in communication with such persons as wish to pursuo the business of operating distilleries, aud to impress upon them the fact that there is a fixed determination on the part of the government to suppress frauds against its revenues j and it is important that you should fully explain to them that in the end it is moro profitable for them to opcrato legal distilleries and pay the taxes imposed by law upon their products than to engage iu illicit distilling. The law for the collection of * tax upon distilled spirits is unifordt country, and tb^^overnmenfyciffiM^from the tax nearly sixty millions of dollars per annum. While this law remains upon the statute books it is the duty of every good citizen to observe it, and of every officer of. the United SiftfapHtffligned to that duty to cnforco it. The pains and penalties for its -violation arc scvero. No inau can with -safety violate its provisions, and any community where tko violations of laws are numerous is soon given over to auarchy aud disorder, and many persons are constantly skulking from their homes to avoid arrest. This state of things is certniuly to be deprecated, but must necessarily continuo until the people of tbese sections of country arc willing to observe the law. There is no disposition or intention cn my part to require or allow a vindictive enforcement the htftin a community where those who huvo been engaged in violating the )<Wf ha^e honesty and in good faith abandoned their practices. A lenient course has been pursued in many districts where the circumstances would warrant it, and it ^vould afford mc great pleijsuro to know (Lhat the violators of tbo law iu Jbe districts to which you are assigned have returned to a sense of their duty to the general government, to observe tbo law, and to pay the tax imposed by it upon their products. I desire that you shall impress upon citizens generally my determination that the laws shall be enforced in an orderly and lawful maimer, avoiding all unnecessary collisions, and by officers who are permanent citizens of the districts or divisions to which they arc appointed, and arc men of respectability, integrity, discretion and courugo. 1 wish you particularly to inform the people that this office is open at all times to hear the complaint of citizens against the unlawful acts of officers. In this connection you should call attention to tho stringent provisions of Section 3,l(ii), United States Revised Statutes, which enact that an officer who is found guilty of any extortion or wilful oppression under color of law shall be subject to indiptmcnt, and, on conviction, shall he fined not less than one thousand, nor more than , five thousand dollars, .and imprisoned not less than six months nor more than three years. The Court is directed to render a judgment agaiust the officer or agent for the amount of damages sustained by the party injured, to be collected by, execution Under the provisions of this section the citizen has an ample remedy, and I know that the Courts of the Uuited States would be as ready to afford rolief to the citizen against the unlawful acts of officers as to puuish thi citizen for violations of the law The laws of tho United States are enacted by the representatives of tho people, and m;c designed to promote the general welfare of the whole people. TJho Courts of tho United StutQfcJty-fttis much the cburte ef the pcof^o.a* the Stale Courts, and are as ready to protect tbo rights of citizens as the State' Court* ore.. In my opinion it is essential to the happiness aud prosperity of tho country that commnities should not be kept in a state of execitcment over the qucstiou of a conflict of authority between the laws and Courts of tho United States and those of a State, and. to avoid this, eitiznn* rHuiiM aged to appeal lor redress- against the alleged unlawful acts of officers of the United States to the Courts of the Uuited States. You will understand that in writing as I do I do not disparage the character or jurisdiction of the State Courts, but I wish to point out to you that the laws of tho United States uot only make provision for misconduct of its officers ; that these taxes are to be collected through tho instrumentality of the officers and Courts of the United States, and that all grievances can be better redressed in the same manner. Respectfully, Grkkn B. Raum, Commissioner. Commissioner Raum Assures the Distillers that Faith will be kept, and that they arc Entitled to the Clemency of the Government. Treasury Department, Office of Internal Revenue, [ Washington, D. C., August, 2, 1878.) E. M. Bray ton, Collector, Columbia, S. C.: c..? . 1? - ? - -? the lines of the Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad, and surrendered themselves to Deputy Marshall 0. W. Cummings and Deputy Collector J. T. Kirklaud, who were accompanied by a United States commissioner, and that these parties coufesscd their guilt aud gave bail for their appearance at Court, and returned to their homes with an assurance that if they abstained from furthjr violations of tho law they would not bo prosecuted. , The ooniments of the News and Courier aro very severe upon the officers for their , conduct, alleging that tho illicit distill Icrs will be tho victims of misplaced confidence and will be treacherously dealt with. It is needless for me to say to you that I 4m earnestly desirous,of coercing tho laws, an<f%hfct it is no eratifiSaCibiu to niejlo have men punished. While violators of the law arm themselves to resist the officers in the enforcement of the luw, I tun unwilling to intke terms with them, but when they express a deterniiuu'iou to abandon their fraudulent practices and submit themselves to the authorities, I am roady to deal withthcui with the most liberal spirit, and in doing this 1 am quite sure I will be fully supported by the department of justice and by the President. In portions of Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama illicit distillers have placed themselves in an attitude that would warrant a lenient course, and it has been extended towards them; aud I will be perfectly will ing to pursue a similar course towards the illicit distillers of South Caroliua, if they acHn'a manner to cutitle themselves to it. If the facts are as stated in the News and Courier, that ? humher of illicit distillers have surrendered themselves, you arc authorized in the most public manner to announce that the government will act in the utmost good faith towards them, and if they abstain from violations of the law and contribute to a public sentiment favorable to the enforcement of the law, they will place themselves in a position to entitle them to the clemency of the government, and / have no doubt will receive it. Xcry respectfully, Git ken J*. Haum, Commissioner. Peat if rito>i 11 ydromioiha.?A most remarkable death from hydrophobia occurred on the 23d instant, near Lamar, in liartoii County, Mo. The victim was a prominent citizen of that locality, named .Inhn 11 ;ili>m Twplvn venrs airo lift was bitten by a mail dog, and the wound healed u|>, never giving him any pain, and the oecurreuce had nearly boon forgotten. On Friday ho was suddenly taken with convulsions of a terrible nature, lie continued thus until Tuesday, when he died. The first two days of his convulsions he was perfectly rational, ami on Sunday became crazy. His death and sulTeriDgs were terrible to witness, it taking four stout men to hold hint, lie leave a wife and two children. ? I II . ? THE ADMINISTRATION AND THE SEVEN*? TROUBLES IN SOUTH CAROLINA. ? Ever since tbc war the ?uforeemcut.\f the government tax on whUkuy has led l|i difficulties and occasional ?o)>&cLs iu life mountain districts of Teunes^a, the Carolina? aud Georgia, where small ptills abound and the tax is regarded as au intolerable exaction. These difficulties have not been confined, any uioro tlmn the business of illicit distilling, to tl^sc States, i They have occurcd at the North, where (the bulk of "crooked whiskey" is ntade'aud the largest and most successful^ frauds upipi the reveuuo have been committed. In iireoklyu aud other NofthCTn have had to invoke the aS^vntrfee una protootiou of the UuiMi'^tatcs Soldier* And. marines while makings the seizures. In those cases, the very cxistenco-of the tax and the opportunity for illegal profit thereby presented, have boon the inducement to an evasion of the law. In '.ho SoutlK'jji States WO liiivn nniiiiwl tL.i A'ica ?q uninAM?l...t O.B ent. Long before the war, ond beifirc th<- [ iutcrual revenue law was passed, \tc bnsi j ness of distilling was carried on small j scale. In the mouutaius'a still wjs'almost j as usual an adjunct to an orchard iyia brew house is to an old fashioucd JSng li* homestead, or a cider press to a New ^England farm. The manufacture of upplejfnd peach bruudy was regarded quite as legitimate a branch of farm industry as thev'pfoparation. farmers think, of the large distilleries of the town. It is not simply tho pay incut of the manufacturer's tax that is objected to*; tho numerous aud complicated provisions and requirements of the law designed to prevent fraud and insure the collection of, the tax are simply impossible to be complied with by the owners of those small stills.? , Hence tho farmers had to give up the business or carry it ou surreptitiously and at the risk of the penalties of the law. lleuce the encouragement giveu to illicit distilling,* particularly in outlying aud remote mountain districts, difficult of access, and where the population aro in sentiment bitterly opposed to the enforcement of a law j|hich they regardja* unjust^ aud unc^uarici its and sympathisers is not surprising. A legal complication which is attracting cousidcrablo attention at this timo lias just grown out of one of these occurrences in South Carolina. A party of four revenue officers went to a man's house, suspected of being engaged iu illicit distilling, intending to arrest him. Tho man attempted to shoot ono of them, his rifle, how jvor, missing fire. Thereupon the revenue officers shot him dead. They subsequently surrendered thomsclves to the local authorities, by whom jpyii*l.iig'fittfi ^Wf.ltti^avo since hhenToaicted for murder by the grand jury of the county. These facts coming to the knowledge of the Internal Revenue Commissioner, a demand was made on Judge Kershaw, the State Judge, for the transfer of the prisoners to the jurisdiction of the United States, under the section of the revised statutist whifch provides for the removal to the United States Circuit* Court of civu out- -incommenced in State courts against revenue officers uud. aegftte on account of acts done ia their official capacity.^ Th# application for removal lias bet?*-4yufed by Jmlge Kershaw, upon tho ground that the prosecution is not for any act done by the officers in their official capacity, hut for an offense neainst the laws of South Carolina, viz : homicide, aud that the dcreij.se' set up by the accused, viz.: that they acted in selfdefense, can be made as effectually in the State court as in the Federal court. Judgo Kershaw signified his willingness to have the cases removed iuto the Supremo Court of the State, nnd?to have his decision reviewed by that tribunal. s*>t)?ut ap rfppeal might be taken to the Supreme Court of the United States. Meanwhile ho would consent to release the imprisoned government officers on bail. To this perfectly fair and reasonable course, it is said, President Hayes and Attorney General Downs were at first disposed to accede, but upon the first intimation of such a solution of the difficulty a ( portion 01 me ncpuuiican press was up in arms immediately. Judge Kershaw's decision was a renewal of the old doctrine of nulliiicatiou. The refusal to surrender the accused revenue officers to be tried in the Federal court was a frosh act of rebellion on the part of South Carolina. To yield to it for one moment was a piece id' cowardly truckling to the arch-rebel liairiptob. In short, the Radical politicians saw a splendid chance once more to wave the '-bloody shirt" aud beat the war-drum, and talk about rebellion and treason, and to fire the Northern heart with memories of Fort Sumter, &c. Consequently a strong pressure was brought to bear upon the President, with the result, it is stated, of inducing him tu adopt a different course.? Judge Bond was communicated with as to , holdiug a special term of the Circuit Court of South Carolina, and to issuing writs of hahca* corpus for the imprisoned officers.? Tho Judge bas had experience in matters | of tho kind. The writs, if disobeyed, would bo enforced with the whole power of the army of the United States, even if the warlike llownrd should have to be recalled lroin the pursuit and slaughter of the fugitive Bauuocks aud other "bostiles" for the purpose. A fine, stirring "issue," it is hoped, may thus be presented at tho fall elections; upon the strength of which tho aduiibistfatioo uity possibly gain several members of Congress, besides reinstating itself iu the friendship of that portion of the party which has boeu alienated ever since to1 uioro foolish aud wicked talk of the kind oue may read in some of tho Radical journals. It is refreshing, therefore, iu contrast, to tiud language like the follow ing in the sober, steadfast Journalnf Commerce. of New York, which rebukes the agitators and would-be mischiefmakers after the following fashion : ' South Carolina is not loved by some people at the North. They cannot forgive or forget her past. In every question that arises between her and the Federal government they always try to put her iu the wrong. They assume that she is at heart as rebellious as ever. Merely legal and technical controversies, such as come up betweeu the Federal power and oue of the Northeru g any attention, are this spirit of unjust judgment they treat a simple law issue which has been raised iu South Carolina between oue of her courts and the national government, growiug out of tho arrest of four revenue officers who killed a man said to have been implicated in the illicit whiskey business. The questions involved arc purely legal ones, u ere, er were not, the four revenue officers acting in the line of their official duty when they entered the house, and was the killiug of tho man an official act ? It is not rebellious to take the stand Judge Kershaw has taken. Should an exactly similar case occur in the North our eitizens would applaud the firmness of a State Judge who should J dfccliny to make the transfer, if ho had con- c scientious objections to it. While wo have i WwautbwUy of the local tribunals, even ? tho humblest?to which wo first look for ? protection against wroug and injustico? I should bo maintained in the fullness of t their lawful scope. If tho South Caroli- t uians sympathize with their own courts and 1 their own judges, so should we iu a paral- r lol iijstauco iu the State of New York."? . t Baltimore Sun. I i Roundabout Way op IIeahino? c There is a passago from tho cavity of the a drUm of the ear to the throat, known as a the Eustachian tube. Its main purpose t Becms to be to regulate the pressure of t air in tho cavity; but under certain cir- t custanccs it serves to convey sounds to the a inner ear. Writers on physiology record t instances in which persons who could uot j hear through the external ear were enabled to do so through tho mouth. Another roundabout way of hearing is by means oi c the tooth. A simple experiment illustrates the transmission of sonorous sounds by the V vey 'fee'bl^ JiwiLPllid. bodies con- j Lay a watch, face downwards, on a table i and stand so fur from it that you cannot c hew the ticking- Now let one end of a 1 woodch rod rest On the back of tho watch, t and grip the other end with the teeth ; i close the ears wiih the fingers, to exclude i other sounds, and tho beat of tho watch s will he distinctly audible. Other sounds i may be conveyed in the same manner. If one end of a very long rod be placed on a 1 piano and tho other held between the f teeth, one can distiuguish the tune played i though his ears be stopped. That the sound t is tranuiitted butter through solids than < through tfie air is shown by the old experiment of suspending a poker or an iron bar ] by a cord held with the teeth. If the iron be struck the sound will appear louder than < when heard in the ordinary way Kngin- 1 eois. when they suspect a leakage or other i mischief inside the cylinder of a steam- I engine, sometimes put a small piece of iron : between the teeth, press it lirmly against i the outside of the cylinder, and close the ears, when the sounds produced within become clearly audible.?Journal of Chemistry. Lee and Washington.?A word to Mr Barnum : When hi* clown associates Robert E. Lee with Washington as a patriot who will "always have a place in the hearts of his countrymen," he grossly offends and insults his audiences. Mr. Barnuui ought to see that this bespangled fool is suppressed.? Chicago Inter- Ocean. Well, J^ec was a "lectlc the best man" of the two, but wc of the South don't mind having Washington associated with him.? Washington would have bltff as good if he had known how. Mr. Barnum's clown iugf go ahead with his oratiou.?Augusta Chronicle. * . _ 1 An unpleasant sort of Arithmetic. Di- 1 visions among families. Farmyard Manure.?Everybody will admit tho statements made by scientific agriculturists concerning tho luw9 of* plant growth and the relation of manures to tho crop. We all understand that plants never take up and assimilate food in solid forma ) ; that they uiuet obtain- that upou which they feed and grow in a gaseous state from the atmosphere, (which amounts to fully , ninety per cent of thoir eutiro food,) or in , a liquid condition through the soil; and that the food clcuieuts in farm yard manure must go through certain chemical changes befonMh^dau^mayail itself of thent.?r-: * ' ' tests give that a thousand pounds of this " undecomj)osed manure will yield on an ovoragc but five pounds of nitrogen, six and a half pounds of potash aud a little over two pounds of phosphoric acid?tho moBt necessary elements of plant food, and those which it is essential to supply to the soil for the perfect growth of aR farm crops.? So far we agree with those who advocato ll?c use of patent chcuiicul mixtures as fertilizers, because we recognize them as the truths of science?but beyond this wo cannot. For instuuee ; we do not believe that niue hundred and eighty-six pounds of solid matter in a thousuud pounds of farm yard manure is worthless ; that it does not act a most important part in the economy of plant growth and soil improvement, or that it is just as well if not better to dump this over the bank, and supply its plsce in the soil with fourteen pounds of absolute chemical plan ^ aot to bo forgotten to the makings'saving md use of farui-yard manure or animal iuug ; its mechanical action in the soil performs a most important part iu tho growth af the crop, in bettering the condition of t.h* soil as the home of the plant, and in aulocking and rendering available the inert fertility of "mother earth." The application of this nine hundred and eighty-six sounds of updccomposed organio or vegetable matter iu every thousand?or about linety-fivo per cent of the bulk of all aninal manures?performs a most essential and mportant ageucy on the inorganio and earthly particles of the soil, io setting free ilant food. Among these may be mentionid that its fermentation or decomposition n the soil gives just those physical con? i good start. Besides, as is well known, its ipplication to some soils renders them.light, >orous aud readily aerated; assists thorn in he power of ahsorbiug aud retaining ferilizing olements, which would be lost but or the presence aud action of these organio md vegetable matters in tho soil; increases he amount of dew fall and enables it to lold the influences of that and of rain, t. 1 -a ? uuuu longer man would otherwise be the ase, and gives the soil the ability to gather nd keep the fertilizing gases of the air ud earth, and prevent the mineral elcucots which are in solution in the soil from >eing carried down beyond the reach of he rootlets of the growiug crops. What in important agency is this, and how essenial to the growth of the plants !?Maine Farmer. . No Tramps in the South.?The tramps lo not take kindly to the Southern States ?probably because the negroes do not take tiddly to them. In that region colored jeoplo have charge of the kitchens and ; ng'mendicants ravorar"' rdiy,"'pd..t/i.aJ}ow>ne reason why so few tramps are to he bund in the South. Another reason is , bat the South does not afford the same idvantages for plunder and free living that ire 16 he found-in the North. There was in irruption of tramps into Louisiana ltpit, winter during the sugar-uiakiug season.? They pretended to be iu search of work, jut when furnished with employment, they loon showed that they were not fascinated, wit!) it. They wandered from one planta.ion to another, and became as much disgusted with the country us it was with them. The negroes showed them no favor, and the planters closed their doors against them.?. I hey wore iounu to be an uudcsiruble aor jession to the populatron, and the New Orleans Democrat advises that "if thero is% more cotton produced than can he picked j by our own people, it is better to let it rot, away than bring down this visitation of tramps upon us, under tho delusion that, they will do auy work." Apple Dumpling.?Use good sized, rather tart apples, pare, and remove the cores ; envelope each separately in puff paste and tie it in a piece of cloth ; boil or stcatn for one hour. Before serving, remove the, cloths, cut a piece from each aud put in,, some sugar and fr?h butter; replace the piece of paste, and sprinkle with powdered sugar. If preferred, they may ho served with liquid sauce or sweet cream. The same correspondent sends Baked Apple Dumplings.?Pare and; core smooth apples of uniform size, and fill the cavity of each with sugar and a little cinnamon. Divide the paste into as many parts as there are apples; roll caek piece out square, and inclose an apple in it, slightly wetting the edges to make them stick.? Bake in shallow pans, and serve with hard sauce.