The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, June 07, 1878, Image 1
^Tg|Jf EEILY HHIflttfrillBg..
VOn. IX.?Nf.iv Series. UNION C. II., SOUTH CAKOI.INA, JUNE 7, 1878. * NUMBER 23.
. * . _ ; , __ . A.
aim nnnnuvy UAUUfi UXHI'liM ADVOCATEDThe
following was wrilMo by Mr. J. 0.
Arnold, of Huston, Ohio-i
Several years ago, when narrow guagc
Toads wore lirst advocated, theories only
were advanced ie their favor, Hut since
* he building of several narrow gauge roads
in Ohio, and seeing their practical working,
facts verified by cxporicnco can now be pre-sented
to the people, 'flic narrow gauge is
the farmers' road. it is the great street
r ailroad of the country, run by steam?the
stopping at convenient places when*
signalled, for the farmers to get aboard to
go to their respective towns to trade, or to
Wm visit tfeighbors, cheaper and more couifort*
B able than thoy can go otherwise; absolutely
plaev ?f?,the-old tilwgo ?yotv*i, or
?he old st? ;;:n 110:11 system revived, put on
gp Wheel* and ran inland; affording the
jag ;gr<jsiiust acviiuiuuuuuiia to mu pcopic wno
>build aud patronize theui, in offcriug favillties
for freight aud passenger traiiic, aud
benefitting the comamuities through which
they pass by offering pleasant cars to ride
d 11 and a home market for the grain and
products of the soil, at any point desired,
with facilities equal to the standard gauge
aud at a cost within the means of the communities
in which they are built. It is not
only the farmers road but the poor man's
road, the American road of modern times,
offering, when economically managed, good
investment when built through moderately
populated districts. The man who is so
fortunate as to induce, by his energies, subscription,
right of way, and to itiflucuce the
narrow gauge to pass through his farm, iu
front of his own door, has brought a blessing
upon himself and neighbors. The
communities who arc so highly favored by
these roads may indeed be considered fortunate
in thus making their own circumstances.
As a people wc are highly favored by
abiding our time and not iuvesting in railroad
construction duriug the standard gauge
period, but have reserved our forces for
the present, utilizing for ourselves all of the
iiuvaniages guincu ny uic s'anuara gauge
experience, aud adopting for the narrow
gauge a system the most rigid and economical.
on narrow gauge principles. As a
people we arc free with our own means and
ready to invest when opportunities are offered
for a fiiir rate of interest in return,
and there is no business in this country so
"promising of fair returns as the building ofl
narrow gauge roads through well settled
communities, if economically and judiciously
managed in the interest of the
stockholders. The building of the standard
gauge roads in Ohio has cost on an average
852,000 per mile. The nrrrow gauge
can bo built and equipped for less than $10,000
per mile, thereby saving 842.000 per
mile over what it lias cost Ohio roads, with
a carrying capacity for freight and passengers
equal to any business that may be offered
to any railroad in this country, as its
carrying capacity is not measured by its
gauge or the size of its cars, but by the
multiplicity of its trains. And a practical
question hero arises to the mind contemplating
the building of a railroad : "Which
would 1 rather own when completed, a narrow
gauge with a capacity equal to a business
that may be offered it at a nominal cost,
or a standard gauge which would do no
more it' built through the same community,
with its additional cost of contraction ?
Standard gauge roads may be built at proscut
cheaper than ?52.000 per mile. l?nt
it is to our interest to build narrow gauge
roads even if they cost the same for construction
as the standard gauge. Tt is a
well known fact that the standard gauge
roads, of this country have been built by
Eastern and Mtiropcan capitalists, and nearly
all of the standard gauge roads have been
merged into grand trunk lines, the presidents
and managers of which reside in the
large eastern cities, and practically look
only after the larger cities and the termini
of their respective lines, and when competition
compels them at certain points, they
cut their rates in a ruinous manner and arc
compelled to keep tip their rates for local
points out of necessity, to sustain thcmsel
res?ttiercforc a tendency to overlook and
ignore all of the intermediate, farming and
densely populated districts. iicsiding at a
great distance and isolated as they are from
the farming districts, the people can have
*10 influence with them, hence have no
voice in the management. And why should
they'( They have invested little or no
nienns in these roads, bcauso the great cost
of building roads has heretofore debarred
them from entertaining propositions of this
nature. The low cost of the narrow gauge
interests men of less capital, and is within
the grasp of the farming community and
people who reside along the line of projected
roads. They build the road and own it,
and elect their directors from men in whom
they have confidence, to operate it for them,
and thus represented, the wants of the
people arc fully met.
The locomotives, cars and train being
much lighter, they are more easily managed
by thg engineer than a heavy equipment
could he, and it is no inconvenience to stop
and take aboard a passenger, or lot him off
anywhere on the line, and as these stoppages
do not always occur at the same point
daily it proves fio inconvenience to the
through p.isscnsrer, and satisfactory time is
made. Ily thus accommodating Iho finning
*
community and the peoplo who put their
money in the road to build it, the road
reaps a large revenue, builds tip a local
, business of its own, induces people to sct|
tie along its line, and makes every mile of
the road pay, even down to the last mile,
when Hearing a large city.
Fanners can build their own private iron
switch ou their farms at a cost not exceeding
?150, and can, at a comparatively small
cost, extend this indefinitely upon their
farms by laying a wooden track, thus being
enabled to load their grain, wood and produce
without being compelled to haul distances
of live or six miles. The rates of
freight cau be made to eastcru cities by the
narrow gamjc, although on a short local liuc,
as chwMf Mbyittiy Whte or mode oVTransportation.
Ilencc it is not necessary to
build narrow gauge trunk lines to the seaboard,
to gain all the advantages of rates,
as the narrow gauge is now considered the
iceuers ana auxiliaries of I lie standard
gauge. The hobby of transferring freight
frMin the narrow gauge to the standard, and
vice versa, has long since disappeared, as it
has been demonstrate I that it costs less to
transfer freight at five cents per ton than
to allow your rolling stock to pass off your
line and keep track of it 011 foreign roads,
and the advantage gained by the use of
foreign cars is balanced by the mileage
charged and additional cost of repairs.?
The competing staudard gauge trunk liucs
of the country have an almost unlimited
capacity for business, and arc so eager to
get all they can that they arc willing to pro
rate with the narrow gauge roads 011 cqui?
able terms; and the cost of transfers i" so
trivial where the two gauges can be laid
alongside of each other, that the agent of
any competing standard gauge trunk line
will gladly make the transfer for nothing to
get. the prcforcucc for this new business.?
The narrow gauge is then acknowlcgcd to
be one of the most important feeders of the
standard gauge, and so acknowledged by its
officials in acceding to it all the advantages
whon not in dirjet competition with it in
parallel lilies. These advantages afforded
by the narrow gauge system have caused a
revolution in the midst ol the farmers and
people along these modern highways, and
each uinn who kuows of its practical workings
asks himself the question : "What
can I do to have it pass through my farm ?"
Farmers who hav?e heretofore fought standard
gauge roads are now the'niost enthusiastic
builders of the narrow gauge, and are
doing more to build up these luxuries in
their neighborhoods than any other class ol'
neonle. It is U conceded nninf. that llmv
ar? the slowest to move in great undertakings
of this kind, but when they see clearly
through a problem no more persistent,
active class of people can be found, and ,
tho manner in which they are taking hold i
of the narrow gauge, to gain all tho advantages
of the system while it is yet in its infancy,
is.n credit to them.
If these roads arc built, owned and controlled
by the people along the line, the
communities through which they pass can
he assured of accommodations under this
home management, and for this reason it is
better to build the narrow gauge instead of i
standard gauge, oven at the same eost, -as it j
will not be bought up by the standard gauge ,
lines, as they do not want them. They do j
not. want any road that they cannot pass y
over with their rolling stock. Hut if standard
gauge roads were built instead, it would
not be long until they would he merged into
these grand trunk lines, thereby abolishing
any system adopted by any local home management.
The narrow gauge system is the
outgrowth of adversity and poverty, hence
it must be run on narrow gauge principles,
which are of tho most rigid economy in de*.,;io
....a :... -< ?_ ?
tiini iiintuau mi wul^lllii^ UUTTU U FOHU
with a superabundance of officers. at high
salaries, ic is to concentrate the several high
positions on one man who is competent to
till them all, at a nominal salary, and produce
the same income to the road that it
would to have each position tilled separately
It is to select for its management men
who are honest and capable, to look after
the trusts placed in their hands, and who
will look after them. With this equipment
or a narrow gauge road, the averment has
been made, and figures will verify the tacts,
that there is not a narrow gauge road built
in Ohio that wili not pay a fair rate of interest
on what it should cost for its construction,
if managed on narrow gauge principles.
How TO KkBJ" MkAT IN SuMMKlt.?The
meat should fiisi he wiped clean and dry.
Some sprinkle it well in all parts with salt
Others use black pepper plentifully (washing
and wiping it well before using it. to
remove the pepper or suit), and then bang
it in the coolest place possible?some in
| the well, others in a cellar. Perhaps the
I best precaution is to wran it in a drv cloth.
At/
and cover it with charcoal-dust. Souio say
that wood ashes will answer about as well
as charcoal, hut I only know the virtues of
charcoal by experience. I have found that
charcoal will wen remove a slight degree of
taint. I am told that mutton is improved,
as well as preserved, for a short time, by
wrapping it in a cloth wet with vinegar, and
laying it on the bottom of a dry cellar.?
All kinds of meat, including fish and fowl,
may be preserved in brine Ibr a longer or
shorter time.
KUST IN WHEAT.
It is with great regret that we learn that
the wheat crop in man}* sections is suffering
from this dreaded disease. Wheat is the
most nutritious and universally distributed j
food of man, as well as the most ancient, (
and the failure of a crop would affect the ^
entire world. When the rust attacks only
the leaves little harm is done, hut when it f
is scattered over the leaves and stalks aud >
the weather becomes warm and moist, it .,
grows rapidly and quickly destroys the crop. (
As early as 1707 Foutaua published an ac- 1
count of this destructive pest; aud since t
then butai^sU have pursued the investiga- (
lion w,ith much interest aud perseverance, i
11 ^^^W|^^^^^^?V|^rsch^^tstobo a ^
lias 'been given. It at- \
tacks both stems and leaves and glumes of [
all kinds of grain, having at lirst an orange- :
colored appearance, rcsenihliug rust of iron,
(hence tho common name.) It afterwards j
.1 i. -i.i ' -
UOOU.1.C3 il UCCp CUOCOiaiU color. JVlCll Ol J
the breathing pores of a plant it is said r
will produce from twenty to forty fungi, r
and each of them it is believed will produce at
least one hundred spores or reproductive ^
particles, so that the progeny of a single c
"breathing pore" will he enough to infest a v
whole plant. The period of germination is
supposed to be about one week. The spores (]
being very light are blown into the air, ^
alighting upon adjacent stems, and germinate t
under the influence of warm, damp weather,
proving more or less destructive, according t
to the favorablencss of the weather fur their r
iucrcasc and growth. t
After the rust bcgiiy^ n ronipl.-to arrest c
of the filling out of the graiu takes place. 0
If the grains are in the dough state when r
it begins, it is better then to cut the wheat;
if the grains arc in the milk stato it will
not bo worth cutting. Cutting wheat while t
affected with rust seems to destroy the par- v
nsitc, and what juices remain in the straw s
go to fill out the grain. Good wheat has I
been saved in this manner that would have n
been worthless if left in the field to get r
ripe. Rust rarely attacks wheat that ripens
early, hence it is belter to sow early varie- t
tics, so it will mature before the hot days ,,
aid in the development of the disease.? g
Plants have pores which are closed in dry j
weather, aud open and expand in warm, j
moist weather; thus ti e disease spreads g
more rapidly in sueh'weather. > It is sup- j
'pus?d thathlu-Mi) pluvlual s
of the snores of this pai^ .icTirtigus, when t
they immediately take root, intercepting f
the nourishment intended for the grain. t
Some kinds of wheat are more affected .,
.1 .... - , x- .. ...... .1
iiiau outers, uuu in r>orincrn climates tall p
wheat suffers more than that sown in spring. Q
Fanners in England affirm that wheat sown j,
in the neighborhood of the barberry bush
seldom escapes the blight, ;>?? it is supposed
that the spores are genera teu and preserved J
011 these hushes. It is also believed that t
the spores may he perpetuated hy undccoui- 0
posed straw carried out into the fields as j,
manure. Mere, as in all fungus diseases, v
thorough drainage and cultivation, early sow- j
ing and early cutting, arc the only remedies, j
except for smut, fur which we have blue t
stone. Salt and lime sown on the ground
have been suggested as a preventive, and v
being a stimulant to growth, no doubt act
to advantage. v
A distinguished German agriculturist f
states "that about six hours before sowing s
his wheat, he prepared a steep of three (
measures of powdered quick lime, and ten t
measures of cow urine, and poured two c
quarts of this on a peek of wheat, stirring j
the wheat until every grain was white with |,
the preparation." My this he escaped rust j
entirely, although in neighboring fields a
great part was affected with the disease.? j
He has followed the practice for many years v
with complete success. It is probable this ,,
stimulating mixture made the growth of p
the plant so vigorous it escaped by its own t
inherent strength. A top dressing of stable t
manure, followed hy harrowing, will have p
the same effect. p
Tho? Hebrews considered this disease a s
special dispensation of for the ?
sins of the people. The Romans sacrificed j
a red bitch to the goddess Rubrigo to stay j.
the hand ot the destroyer. If this would j(
effect any good result, would it not bo a \
good idea to sacrifice a few of all colore?? 0
]{alcitjh Observer. s
Asparagus should not be exhausted by j
too long continued cutting. The usual rule
is to stop as soon as early peas are ready.? r
Heccnt inquiries show that it is not gencr- e
..11 U...I ...I .1._? il-- '
iiij iiiivit'iiiiMiii uiiiii inu I'nin 01 next year
depends upon the growth of the tops (his c
season, is we have been asked hv several if a
they should not be kept cut oft". This would x
completely destroy the hrtl. The growth of
the foliage is of the greatest importance, as j
it provides for the buds for next season.? s
Allow the tops to grow until the change of
color shows that they have done their work; '
all weeds that appear should be pulled.
_ _ 0* ?- ?x I
Knowing now, as wo do with certainty, jj
the extremes of form to which all matter Is i
liable, we may surely predict that the future t
'of our globe simply depends upon the i
amount of beat received by its surface. If c
the heat diminishes, all earth and air will c
Ire silent stone, without the breath of life \
upon it; if the heat increases, the whole t
world will melt in thin air.? Or. I'J. J\. i
Footes Health Monthly. t
EDISON'S LAST FEAT.
lVu//s to Have Kars and Disclose T/icit
Secrets at M ill.
Mr. Thomas l'\ Kdison, the Napoleon o
nventors, is uow completing at his Inborn
,ory in Menlo I'ark, N. J., an improvemen
lpon the phouograph, which is calculate!
lot ouly to astonish the world, but to almos
evolutionixo the accepted usages of society
VIr. Edison is not only inventive, but he i
ilso industrious, and siuce the productioi
>r ihopWuos??Jj<.??jyr f
ias, without in tor mission, detoiod himsel
0 its further: Jeteonamnt Fro ra'Skj U
lay lie has added
ncut Is'a mod^^^Sbyw^^i^P^Sam
$ives to every wall its ear, and hcrcaftci
here can be uo actual certainty of privacy
fi any conversation unless held in a desort
ir through the medium of the deaf ant
1 1 II 1 - -
luuiu aipuaoci. j no cost ot tlic ncv
nachinc is, moreover, so insignificant as t<
dace it. within reach of people of the mos;
node rate means ; while its advantages, in :
iroteetivc sense, are so manifestly obvious
hat in a very short time it is destined t<
:0111c into very extensive, if not genera
ISO.
The effects to be produced by the iutro
luction of the auraphone will be wonderful
iVhen all walls have cars, literally, what is
o becoinc of our confidences? Yt'ith th(
py ever iu wait for us. not only to repeal
hem, but to also manufacture their indis
mtable proof lbr transmission and prcseva
ion, what arc we to do? Will society be
omc thoroughly honest, virtuous and good:
r will it be torn asunder by dissension ami
clegated to savagery ? When a man's sins
re poppiug up iu judgcincut at all timet
nd places; when a man is forced to g<
hrough the world with a wiudow, as il
rcrc, iu his bosom, will it longer be a plea
ant or oven an endurable place to live in !
Vnd yet, to face this actual contingency w(
re brought by Mr. Edison and his new au
aplione.
Thn ftnliinnt f..r ? ?
? w wmvjvv. iu? vvii?v;(iipi>itiuu Ifl au l"U
iroly new and so absolutely startling in it!
inturc, that we may well shriuk from con
idering its more serious aspects, in view o:
ts almost boundless possibilit ies and results
iut there is, happily, no shade without sun
hinc, aud it is not without its comical
hough not less, vexatious sides. (Ffty 01
ixty dollars at most, 31 r. Kdisen inlbrmct
is, would cover the expense of placing oik
if these machines, or mechanical cars, ir
he ceiling of any room, so nicely concealed
s to escape obscrvutiou, and capable ol
icing so nicely adjusted that "the dropping
if a pin upon the carpeted floor could b*:
icard in the room above."?N. V. Star.
The Nkuuo in Politics.?The proper
lisposition of the negro vote is becoming
lie all-important question in the discussion
f political affairs in this State. Of course
t is conceded that all who have heretofore
otcd with the Democracy have a right tc
oiu the Democratic party, and vote at our
.liii. n v ..lorni..... v..# ?.!...? ... i <
......... J '/>a II llili 10 IU UUCUlllt' Ul
lie great aruiy of Republican voters? It
s clearly the policy and intention of the
rliitc Democracy to educate and elevate
s well as exercise the broadest charity to
rards. their dusky companions; hut it it
cared the Democratic party will be
wauiped by thin Hood-tide of colored veers,
who may prove as dangerous inside ol
lie party as they are now ou'side of it. Il
very one is allowed to join the Democratic
>ariy, and vote at its elections, then we
lave not only broken down tho race line in
lolilics, but the party line also.
In our opinion there is too great a dislosition
to meddle with the negro vote,
ihich, il' let alone, will hereafter prove not
nly harmless, hut tractable. It can never
ic practically put on the same footing with
lie white vote, hut unfortunately there arc
oo mauy who, thinking they can manipuitc
it, wish to bring it into the Democratic
tarty. If this is done, it will not only detroy
the controlling influence of the white
nan, and endanger his institutions and civlizatioo,
hut will put the up country ol
Jouth Carolina under the control of the
ow-country, where this great negro vote
ics. Whilst we arc in favor of the liberal
xcrcisc of the broadest charity, we cannot
ec Hint our late opponent have done any
hing as yet to convince us that they arc in
iivor of good government, which is the firsl
cquisito of a good Democrat. We can
asily win upon the same line adopted in
he last campaign, by making the Demo
racy an aggressive uuit, and by letting
lone that portion of the negro vote thai
5 n ? r'
ie cannot miiucuce or coutrol.?/Spartan
The Trimjnk'h New Piuntixo-Piiese
s one of tlie most interesting objiets to b(
cen in New York City. In a small! coin
met space stands a machine that draws t
ride strip of paper from a continuous roll
irints two copies at n time on both sides
lathers and folds the sheets ready for mail
ng, and drops them out at the rate of foui
o five in each second, or 15,000 an hour
\ll this is done by the machine itself, with
nit the intervention of human hands, ex
:cpt to turn on or shut oil' steam with a le
rcr. Any one happening in the city in tin
airly forenoon of any Wednesday shouk
Imp in at. the Tribune building and se<
he press in operation.
DESTROYED BY AN EARTHQUAKE.
r The town of Cua, in South America, received
about all the serious thmnge resultf
ing from the recent shock. It lies about
. fifteen miles from Caracas, and was a handt
some, flourishing place. The shock of the
1 12th entirely destroyed it. The loss of lifo
t was fearful. No full uccount has yet been
obtained of the number killed About two
s hundred have thus far been taken from tho
, ruins. Three hundred soldiers, aided by n '
lfirrro aP 1 * *
, .....uvvi v><k iwiuniuois, wonted in llio
f tll#~ ?
r of the town with rart loads of provisions.
- lie also sent doctors and surgeons, as well
as coaches to bring the people into the city,
1 and announced that ho took the sufferers
f all under his private protection. The dcj
struction of the city was as sudden as it
t was complete. In almost every house 'hero
4 vc o victims either killed or wounded, or
both. Tort innately the hour was early.?
) Had it bccu two hours later, wheu the ma]
joritv of people would have been in hod, it
would have been much more dreadful. For.
tunatcly, also, the day aud evening had
been extremely hot, and many people were
} out trying I) catch a little coolness iu tho
? open parks, and so were preserved.
I One gentleman, who was iu tho park,
. says that he was looking at the cathedral,
when, suddenly, it sceuied to rise straight
up iu the air, and, being thrown clear off
> its foundations, it fell forward to the ground
| in one mass of ruius.
j The river Tu, running through the cityr
, had been so hot that all that day the ii hab,
itants had been unable to drink its water;
I and the fishes were observed to be very un.
easy, jumping frequently out of the water,
? where they were apparently uncomfortable
. from its heat. On the banks of the stream
. yreat fissures were opened, which became
tilled with water that' gave forth such a
stench that persons who had encamped on
, its banks were obliged to leave the vicinity.
. Small hillock' of sand, having the same
f smell, were thrown up iu different spots.?
\T. . t ll.*
nearly an me collcc aud sugar plantation!*
. for several miles around Cua and the other /
towns near Cua have boon more or lose in'
jurcd, but fortunately no lives h?TO been
1 lost. )
% . #
, Tiik Old SunscninKii.?Tho following
1 o'er true, talc copied from a Western cxI
change, is a very pathetic history of the tnarr
r who don't take a paper. We publish for
; tho benefit of others of his class:
lie came wearily up the sanctum steps
yesterday afternoon, and turning the wasto
basket upside down sat dowu upon it witlv
; a sigh that might have been cut up into
i tornadoes and whirlwinds cnoigh to go
: around half a dozen agricultural counties.
> He had a weary look about him as though
> lie had been trying to die and couldn't find
a doctor, llis coat was ragged and patched
f here and there with prosperous and clannish
communities of cockle burs. Ilis hoots,
; water-proof variety, were so arranged that
, if you stuck thorn in the river the water'
would run out faster than it would run in.
i We asked how he fared, and he glanced
i savagely at a Kansas paper among our exchanges,
before he answered sadly :
"Well, pretty miserably ; thank ye. Ye*
see, times come in pretty hard, and it was
s pretty hard slediu' to get along. I cither
t just had to sell the six dogs, or cut down
expenses in some other way, and so I stopped
the papir. I missed it powerful badl
the first few weeks, then I kind o' got used
, to it. Borrowed it once au' a while hero '
1 A! L - ? < l? ? * -
. aim mere, uui ioiks uidn t appear to like to '
lend their papers, and so I finally lost sight
of it altogether. Then trouble begun right
! off. The first thing 1 knew, I was arrested '
and fined $20 for violating the game law.
t See, the thing has been changed a little,
and I didn't know nothing about it, but the
i judge said as how ignorance wasn't no excuse
in these days when the Stato was so *
f full of papers that you couldn't firo a stone
i out of the window without hitting an editor,
t Then in a week I was arrested and fined
I $20 for violating the fishery law, and when
, I begged off and said I didn't kuow nothin'
about it, the judge asked where I was raised,
i and remitted ?2 of the fine for mo to take
; a paper with. Hut 1 kinder thought I1
couldn't get in any more scrapes, an' I sorr
tor hung oo to the two dollars. In about
three days alter, I was took up aud fined $4
; and costs for buntin' on Sunday ; and I
; hope I may die if I knowed it was Sunday;
. an' I had to sell the gun to get out of the
jug. Then a fellow conic along and bought
> every grain of corn I bad in the crib for
5 six con's less than I found next day it was
worth in tho market: and f ! >?' nf
1 best cows yon ever saw, and they was took
i and advertised, and alt the lime I wan
! huntin' all over the whole country for 'em
an' when I found 'em at last, the costs was
r inorc'n the cows was worth. Tho taxes
come due an' 1 had big costs to pay before
I knowed a word about it, au' every week
since 1 stopped the paper I've paid out
more money to keep out of trouhlo than
would keep inc in newspapers all my days.
I Put my name on the list."
liens come into the world by the hatchway.